Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Cover Sheet
Topic Area :
o Elementary students grade(s): ages 7-10 (grade second to
fourth)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Statement of Problem
Participants
Action/Activities Plan
Evaluation
Dissemination of Research
Time Frame
Part 6: References
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Part 1-Literature Review
Background Info- Childhood Obesity Statistics
Childhood obesity is an epidemic sweeping not only our nation, but in many developed and
developing countries around the world. Estimated that 155 million, or one in 10 school-age children
are overweight or obese (Wang 2012). More specifically in the state of Ohio the rates of children
that are overweight or obese are 15% and 12% respectively (CDC). With the rates of this problem
continuously rising many health and medical professionals are looking into the many possible causes.
Economic and social backgrounds are the two most looked at causes of the health concern and the
effect it has (Bessler). Parents, home, food market, neighborhoods, school media and social
networks (Papoutsi) all tie back to the issue at hand. Along with these issues, is the high rates of
unhealthy dietary behaviors and inadequate levels of physical activity. Throughout the state of Ohio
alone it is reported that 74% of children do not consume the required amount of fruits per day and
an immense 89% do not get their recommended daily amount of vegetables (National Initiative for
Childrens Healthcare Quality). Combining this lack of fruit and vegetable consumption with the
14% of children who are physically inactive cause reason for concern (CDC). Relating major
contributors such as these helps give society a better idea at how to attack the problem and form
prevention methods to help the millions affected by the problem researchers classify as the primary
problem of childhood (Koukourikos).
Socioeconomic status has an immense influence on the problems individuals face within their
community. This can determine the availability of food and safe places for children to be active
(Papoutsi). Within Butler county there are 1.7 grocery stores available per 10,000 people and only 0.1
farmers markets (NICHQ). Local and community farmers markets and gardens provide a great
opportunity for school field trips where students can talk to local producers about how food is grown,
and learn about economics as well (Belser, Morris, Hasselbeck). This compares to seven fast-food
restaurants available per 10,000 people. With the availability of food stores skewed to the unhealthy
eateries it becomes an quick affordable option to choose an unhealthy meal over a nutritious one
when 13% of Butler county children live in poverty. (NICHQ) The extent to which socioeconomic
status affects food choices is reflected in a previously conducted intervention. The results of this
study showed that schools with a higher rate of free or reduced lunches had a higher increase of
health food choices than schools that had lower rates of free or reduced lunches (Struempler et al.).
Educational Programs
The implementation of programs to educate people on the risks and and complications of obesity has
been increasing ever since childhood obesity has become an epidemic. One intervention in particular
involves group counseling for the children and the parents to ensure support, and provide the
information in an enjoyable way (Santiprahob et al.). With the separate sessions children are more
engaged and comprehensive of the information presented to them. In the sessions the use of games to
educate the children provides a positive view of physical activity and the importance of healthy diet
without discouraging them (Santiprahob et al.).
While education is key for success in preventing obesity as well as a necessity in 7-10 year old
population, it is also important to note that most successful programs have several different aspects to
their programs. In a particular program it included four components including modified dietary
offerings, nutrition/lifestyle education, physical activity component, and wellness projects done with
the students(Hollar et al.). This program had high success rates because it formed childrens habits in
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each aspect of their lives. This is why we chose to have a dual aspect program intact to prevent and
reduce obesity amongst 7-10 year olds. There is such importance on targeting this age group because
the students have not yet fully developed their nutritional habits. By educating them at an early age
and stressing the importance of physical activity the students are more likely to develop healthy
lifestyle habits at an early age that will carry on throughout their life.
Nutritional Programs
With the implementation of educational programs medical professionals, families and the children
affected by the epidemic of obesity need to not only get an educational perspective, but also to also
be involved in first hand direct programs that will help change their lifestyles. Introducing these
individuals to nutrition programs gives them a better understanding and useful techniques to directly
change their health and food eating behaviors. Pediatrician Christopher Magryta, has noticed the
impact of childhood obesity on many of his patients and states that We need comprehensive
prevention strategies that educate our families and provide healthy food choice in our public
institutions (Magryta 2009, 352-353). Nutrition programs give all those affected by obesity a change
in lifestyle that can help encourage one another to make permanent change and to strive for a decline
in obesity and the medical problems it entails. The group Parents and Tots Together is a family based
obesity program that encourages parents to become involved in the change and participation of their
childs obesity problem, this program is an ideal to get all factors involved. Interventions must be
developed to provide parents with skills to create a healthful home environment (OBrien). The
combinations of educational and nutritional programs are the two most effective forms of
intervention that our society needs to attack a problem as large as obesity, which is why parents will
be present during the twelve sessions of this program.
The key to any intervention is to ensure that it is designed appropriately for its targeted
audience, and one successful study conducted shows this importance. The Body Quest initiative
focused on increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables among third grade students through
education on numerous nutrition topics. This was done through traditional education along with
tasting of fruits and vegetables. Tastings were integral as they exposed students to fruits and
vegetables and removed accessibility barriers that students face at home (Struempler). By providing
students the opportunity to try new healthy foods it broadens their horizon to options they were never
aware of making it a vital component of intervention. This is To further engage the children
coordinators implemented the use of Ipad applications to appeal to the youth. When focusing strictly
on the material that is being presented the information can be lost as a result to lack of interest.
Maintaining the attention of the focus groups is the only way to successfully conduct an intervention.
The target population for this program, children ages 7-10 are fairly influenced by what they see
everyday including their parents nutritional habits, as well as the nutritional environment their
schools create. Most children spend the majority of their time in school, making school the optimal
place to provide optimal obesity intervention(Morrison-Sandburg, Kubick, Johnson). In a school in
Minnesota, the school requires nurses to have the knowledge to conduct obesity intervention
programs in the schools around the area (Morrison-Sandburg, Kubick, Johnson). This was a great
resource for parents, because they found that parents did not know where to go to get obesity help
for their children(Morrison-Sandburg, Kubick, Johnson). The participants of this program liked that
they were getting information from a licensed professional because they were deemed a more
reliable and professional source (Morrison-Sandburg, Kubick, Johnson). This lead us to believe
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that for our program we will be using a reliable professional (school nurse, gym teacher, dietitian,
etc).
Another influence schools hold over childrens nutrition are the types of food sold in schools. In a
study a week of research within an rural, poor, Caucasian elementary school [was conducted] and
found out that once unhealthy items were removed from school cafeterias children made better
nutritious meal decisions inside and outside of school.(Cluss, Fee,Culyba, Bhat, & Owen). If a one
week intervention in the school lunch system can make this sort of lifetime impact, it is clear that a
longer more hands on approach (like this program) will be able to make an even deeper impact while
involving the schools and parents. Although this is program is not directly affected to the types of
foods the schools serve, this program could have a possible domino effect to get schools to go above
and beyond the nutritional standards they have to meet.
On the other hand schools think that parents should provide the education for the children, but
parents think that schools should provide the education for the children (Patino-Fernandez,
Hernandez, Villa, Delamater). This created a lack of overall education for children that will hurt them
greatly in the future. For our experiment we plan on getting the schools and the parents involved,
because they are the most influential factors in the childrens lives. It is important that both schools
and parents are on the same page so children do not get mixed reviews about obesity (nutrition,
education, and physical activity). It was found that the involvement of some sort of parental figure
to make a healthful impact in the childrens life(Shirley et al.). Parents really need to get involved in
their childrens health, because without support they will not change into a healthy lifestyle. In our
program parents will get involved in the education process, but will also need to be supporters of
their childrens healthful lifestyle.
Based off of this information our program will get the children, schools and parents involved by
providing cooking classes for the parents by someone with nutrition knowledge employed by the
school. Meanwhile, the children will partake in physical activity and taste fresh fruits and vegetables
that are available in the local area, and then children along with parents will all share a nutritious
meal at the end. The schools as well as the parents need to be role models for their children to ensure
that they fully understand how important maintaining a healthy lifestyle is.
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The major goal of our program is to educate parents and students on the risks and prevention
of obesity. Through nutrition and physical education the impact of obesity can be subsided or
ended for these individuals. Our target population is elementary students age 7-10 years old.
This population was chosen because they are old enough to retain the information presented
to them throughout the program, while still being young enough for the program to help
prevent them from developing poor nutritional habits.
1 Outcome Objective:
Decrease obesity rates by 25% in the 7-10 year old population over the next five years after
the last program session
1 Process Objective:
Dietitian will conduct a 12 program session cooking demo and lessons over the twelve week
program, while a physical education teacher will conduct twelve sessions about physical
activity and its impact on obesity.
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o Ensure to mention while recruiting that the program is free and each time there will
be a free meal at the end of the session
Process Objective Activity Person Expected results of
Assigned to Activity
Task
Increase the consumption -While at the program Dietitian the ability for children
of nutritious foods (fruits, ensure that all the meals to choose the healthy
vegetables, low-fat, consumed have nutritious options over
nutrient dense) by 25% of and healthy foods unhealthy options, for
the individuals who attend children to prefer
the program -Have students keep a healthy food over
dietary log of their meals unhealthy foods
outside of the program
Increase the participation Have students keep an Physical For children to get a
of physical activity outside activity log of their Education minimum of 30
of school by 50% for the physical activities Teacher minutes of physical
obese students who attend (minutes/day) outside of activity outside of
the program school and have parents school
monitor their activity logs
Increase the overall Take a post program test Program Parents will shop for
education and knowledge and compare it to the Director healthy foods over
of obesity by 25% for the results of a pre test given unhealthy ones and
parents who attend the about the education of will be able to prepare
program obesity prevention, risks a healthy meal for
and the overall disease their children
Dietitian will conduct a 12 -Parents will participate in Dietitian and dietitian will use
program session cooking the cooking demo and Physical education and
demo and lessons, while a interactive lessons with the Education knowledge to educate
physical education teacher dietitian Teacher children and parents
will teach sessions about as much as possible
physical activity and its -Students will engage in
various athletic and
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impact on obesity physical activities with the
physical education teacher,
while also participating in a
lesson on how it impacts
obesity prevention
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Part 5- Budget
Category Item Description Subtotal
Nutritionist/Dietitian $4,500
Material/ Printing for Flyers/ Posters, weekly recipes, and other $400
Supplies education material
Gym Equipment Balls, jump ropes, cones, place mats, etc. $500
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Budget Narrative
Wages/ Program Coordinator $6,000- This was chosen because the program
Benefits coordinator has a huge role within this entire
project and deserves a higher wage than the
Physical education teacher and Dietitian. Needed
a higher wage because doing more behind the
scenes work (planning, facilitating, fixing
mistakes, managing, etc.)
Physical Education Teacher $3,000- being paid slightly over $500 per session
for giving up free time and educating children in
physical activity. Also typically get paid around
$22 per hour allowing around 159 hours available
to the program including buying equipment,
setting up equipment, planning activities,
facilitating activities, cleaning up after activities
and being a physical education resource for
parents and children
Material/ Printing for Flyers/ Posters, $400- flyers and posters will be for promotional
Supplies weekly recipes, and other aspect as well as printing for other educational
education material materials, color printing costs .9 cents a sheet
allowing over 440 copies for a 3 week period
Education Log books, Final $500- notebooks cost around $3.00 for 30 parents
Materials Cookbooks, Program (or so), program costs $0.9 per manual and final
Manuals cookbooks will be in binders costing about $10 a
binder
Food Food for 2 times a week for $4000- around $666 worth of food for each
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3 week session session spending around $10 per person (children
and parents)- want to make as budget friendly as
possible
Cooking Knives, Bowls, Utensils, $1000- We need enough equipment for each
Equipment Cutting Boards parent to have their own amount of supplies.
These items range from $200-50 individually or
in a set.
Paper plates, napkins, and $350-buying bulk items of paper plates, napkins
plastic silverware and silverware is the most budget friendly. These
items range from $100-10 dollars, to ensure
everyone has their own set
Gym Balls, jump ropes, cones, $500-Buying bulk equipment to ensure every
Equipment place mats, etc. child has something to do is the plan. A ball
typically costs around $13.00, $7.00 for jump
ropes, $20.00 for a set of cones and other various
items range within this cost.
References
Belser, C. T., Morris, J. A, Hasselbeck, J. M. (2012). A call to action: Addressing the childhood
obesity epidemic through comprehensive school counseling programs. Journal of School
Counseling, 10 (23) 1-30
Center for Disease Control, Division of Adolescent and School Health. The 2010 School Health
Profiles. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/ healthyyouth/profiles/index.htm
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Cluss, P. A., Fee, L., Culyba, R. J., Bhat, K. B., & Owen, K. (2014). Effect of food service nutrition
improvements on elementary school cafeteria lunch purchase patterns. Journal Of School Health,
84(6), 355-362.
Hollar, D., Lombardo, M., Lopez-Mitnik, G., Hollar, T., Almon, M., Agatston, A., & Messiah, S.
(2010). Effective multi-level, multi-sector, school-based obesity prevention programming improves
weight, blood pressure, and academic performance, especially among low-income, minority children.
Journal Of Health Care For The Poor & Underserved, 21(2), 93-108. doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0304
Koukourikos, K., Lavdaniti, M., & Avramika, M. (2013). An overview on childhood obesity.
Progress In Health Sciences, 3(1), 128-133.
Magryta, C. J. (2009). School lunches: a strategy to combat childhood obesity. Explore (New York,
N.Y.), 5(6), 352-353. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2009.09.005
Morrison-Sandberg, L. F., Kubik, M. Y., & Johnson, K. E. (2011). Obesity prevention practices of
elementary school nurses in Minnesota: findings from interviews with licensed school nurses.
Journal Of School Nursing, 27(1), 13-21.
National Initiative for Childrens Healthcare Quality. (2011). Healthy Lifestyles in Butler County,
Ohio. http://obesity.nichq.org/resources/obesity%20factsheets.
OBrien, A., McDONALD, J., & Haines, J. (2013). An Approach to Improve Parent Participation In a
Childhood Obesity Prevention Program. Canadian Journal Of Dietetic Practice & Research, 74(3),
143-145. doi:10.3148/74.3.2013.143
Papoutsi, G. S., Drichoutis, A. C., & Nayga, R. M. (2013). The Causes of Childhood Obesity: A
Survey. Journal Of Economic Surveys, 27(4), 743-767. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6419.2011.00717.x
Patino-Fernandez, A. M., Hernandez, J., Villa, M., & Delamater, A. (2013). School-based health
promotion intervention: parent and school staff perspectives. Journal Of School Health, 83(11), 763-
770.
Santiprahob, J., Leewanun, C., Limprayoon, K., Kiattisakthavee, P., Wongarn, R., Aanpreung, P.,
Likitmaskul, S. (2014). Outcomes of group-based treatment program with parental involvement for
the management of childhood and adolescent obesity. Patient Education and Counseling, 97 (1), 67-
74. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2014.07.002
Shirley, K., Rutfield, R., Hall, N., Fedor, N., McCaughey, V., & Zajac, K. (2015). Combinations of
obesity prevention strategies in US elementary schools: A critical review. Journal Of Primary
Prevention, 36(1), 1-20. doi:10.1007/s10935-014-0370-3
Struempler, B. J., Parmer, S. M., Mastropietro, L. M., Arsiwalla, D., Bubb, R. R. (2014). Changes in
fruit and vegetable consumption if third-grade students in body quest: Food of the Warrior, a 17-class
childhood obesity prevention program. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 46 (4) 286-291.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2014.03.001
Wang, Y., & Lim, H. (2012). The global childhood obesity epidemic and the association between
socio-economic status and childhood obesity. International Review Of Psychiatry (Abingdon,
England), 24(3), 176-188. doi:10.3109/09540261.2012.688195
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