ICETEMS-2016, Conf. Abstract Book, CUSIT PDF

ABSTRACTS of the
Second International Conference on Emerging Trends

in Engineering, Management and Sciences
(ICETEMS-2016)
Bridging Gaps through Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation
Dec 28-30, 2016

Peshawar, Pakistan
Chief Editor
Attaullah Shah
Editors
Habil Ahmad
Shah Room
Co-Editors
Syed M. Ahmed
Shahab Samad
Salman Azhar
Sana Ullah
Ehtisham Ul Haq
ISBN No: 978-969-23044-1-2

Organized
by
City University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Pakistan
in
Collaboration
with
McWhorter School of Building Science

Auburn University
Auburn, Alabama, USA
Department of Construction Management

College of Technology & Computer Science, East Carolina University
Greenville, North Carolina, USA
Institute of Engineers (IEP), Pakistan

Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering &
Management Sciences (ICETEMS-2016)
Patron in Chief
Engr. Iqbal Zafar Jhagra, (Governor Khyber Pukhtunkhwa)
Patrons
Mr. MuhmmadSaburSethi, (President City University of Science and IT Pakistan)
Conference Chair
Engr. Prof. Dr. Atta Ullah Shah, (City University of Science & Information Technology Pakistan)
Conference Co-Chair
Dr. S.M. Ahmed, (East Carolina University, North Carolina USA)
Program Chair
Dr. Ghufranullah
Engr. Aziz Ahmad
(City University of Science & Information Technology)
Convener Organizing Committee

Dr. Jehanzab, (City University of Science & Information Technology)
Dr. Salim Ullah Khan (Adul Wali Khan University Mardan)
Convener Technical&Publication Committee

Dr. Salman Azhar (Auburn University Alabama USA)
Dr. Anwar Fazil Chishti (City University of Science & Information Technology)
ConvenerRegistration Committee
Dr. Farhad Ali, (City University of Science & Information Technology)
ConvenerCoordination Committee
Mr. Zafar Ahmad, (City University of Science & Information Technology)
ConvenerFund RaisingCommittee
Mr. ShakeelSethi, (City University of Science & Information Technology)
Dr. IrfanUllah Jan, (National Center of Excellence in Geology, Peshawar)
ConvenerReception, Local Arrangements Committee

Col. (R) Faqir Muhammad, (City University of Science & Information Technology)
Mr. Amjad Ali, (City University of Science & Information Technology)
Conference Secretaries
Dr. ShahabSamad
Engr. AbriazKhattak, (City University of Science & Information Technology)
Conference Associates
Engr. Habil Ahmad
Engr. Shah Room(City University of Science & Information Technology)
Foreword
Today, the developing world is faced with multitude of challenges, which include modernizing
infrastructures, enhancing technological resources, and developing human assets to attract more
Direct Foreign Investment (DFI). Though the Governments are investing a lot of resources to
cater with these problems, yet sustainable and cost effective solutions are still not explored. This
certainly requires collaborative and integrated efforts of Engineers, Managers, Scientists, Policy
makers, industrialists, business community etc. City University of Science and IT initiated a
Conference series under International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering,
Managment and Science (ICETEM) in collaboration with East Caroilna University and Aubrun
University USA in 2014. The first conference of the series (ICETEMS-2014) was held on Dec
28-30,2014 at Pak-China Friendship Centre Islamabad.
It is a mattter of great pleasure for the organizng committee of (ICTEMS) that the second
Conference of the series ICETEMS -2016,is being held at City University Peshawar. ICETEMS,
is an endeavor to bring together all major stakeholders of the society for exchange of thoughts
and experiences regarding the concepts, trends and practices pertaining to the major areas of
Engineering, Management and Sciences. This is also reflected in the theme of the conference
Bridging Gaps through Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation
In this conference, more than200 papers relating to Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering,
Management , Computer Sciences, Mathematics and Education etc will be presented. Key note
speakers from USA, UK, Germany, Malaysia, Hong Kong, Afghanistan and Pakistan will share
their research and expertise with the audience. It is intended to organize the ICETEMS series of
conferences worldwide at regular intervals.
We sincerely hope that you will continue to support our these efforts.
Thanks and best regards,
Attaullah Shah
S.Mehmood Ahmad
Habil Ahmad
Shah Room
Salman Azhar
Shahab Samad
Abriaz Khattak
Peshawar, Pakistan, Dec 28-30, 2016.

Message from Conference Patron in Chief
Engr. Iqbal Zafar Jhagra, Governor Khyber Pukhtunkhwa
It is a matter of immense pleasure that City University of Science and IT Peshawar in

collaboration with East Carolina University USA, Auburn University USA and Institute of
Engineers Pakistan, is organizing Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in
Engineering, Management and Sciences (ICETEMS-2016) at Peshawar Pakistan. While
keeping in view the challenges faced in the related fields and develop a proactive plan to address
it through collaboration, this conference would progress under the theme Bridging Gaps
through Multi Disciplinary Research and Innovation.
The major role of the professionals and managers in a society is to develop cost effective and
efficient solutions to the problems faced by us. Through cross disciplinary, cross border and
cross sector discourse in this conference, I am sure that we are providing a platform to scientists,
researchers, entrepreneurs, policy makers and industrialists to come closer for developing
innovative solutions. I am hopeful that the Engineers and Managers would particularly take
benefits from the expertise of conference delegates from Pakistan and overseas.
The efforts and exertion of the organizing committee are highly commendable who have been
working hard and day & night to make the conference a real success. I also appreciate the
endeavors of Conference Chair Prof. Dr. Atta Ullah Shah and his team for developing a strong
network and hope that this collaboration will continue in future to capitalize on mutual strengths.
Message from Engr. Muhammad Baligh Ur Rahman,
(Minister of State for Federal Education and Professional Training)
It is a moment of satisfaction to know that City University of Science & Information

Technology, Peshawar has organized the Second International Conference on Emerging Trends
in Engineering Management in collaboration with Institute of Engineers Pakistan, East
Caroline University USA and Auburn University USA.
It is established fact that for achieving any goal or target, self-confidence plays a vital role and
education refines it. Education and Research is one of the strong and authentic source and
powerful tool to success and to confront the challenges courageously.
The scope and importance of tertiary education have changed significantly. These days, tertiary
education is much more diversified and encompasses new types of institutions connecting
academia to research and the external world, including greater responsiveness to labor market
need; providing high level occupational preparation in a more applied and less theoretical way;
and to accommodating the growing diversity of qualifications and expectations of school
graduates.
Government of Pakistan has phenomenally increased the funding for higher Education and is
striving to achieve the direction specified above. Hard work is showing up and marked
improvement can be witnessed in the field of tertiary education.
It is hoped that this international conference will open new vistas for sharing experiences and
exploring new ways to resolve deficiencies in the education/research system.
I welcome all the participants and appreciate the vice chancellor, faculty members and organizers
for organizing the Second International Conference. Such events provide a good opportunity for
sharing experiences/good practices that could be helpful in further refinement of the knowledge
and research.
I pray for the success of the City University of Science & information Technology, Peshawar in
maintaining the level of academic excellence.
Pakistan Zindabad.
Message from President City University of Science and IT and Peshawar
Pakistan
Mr. Muhammad SaburSethi (President, City University of Sciences & IT Peshawar)
Universities and Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) are known by quality and research. To this
end national and international collaboration is essential. Conferences, workshops, seminars and
colloquia play pivotal role in generating this integration amongst the academia, researchers,
industrialists, entrepreneurs and other major stakeholders. It is a matter of great honor for the
students, faculty and staff of City University of Science and IT to host this conference.
When the first branch of Peshawar Model School was established by Mr. Muhammad
ZahoorSethi in 1979, his vision was very clear as he desired to bring qualitative change in the
education sector of KPK. The mission was further strengthened in 1996, when first Peshawar
Model Degree College was established to provide succession of quality at secondary and higher
secondary levels. Today the Peshawar Model Educational Institutions (PMEI) with 11 schools
and 6 colleges, provide unmatched high quality education to about 26000 students from primary
to secondary and higher secondary levels. The basic pillars of our education system are quality,
merit and discipline. The establishment of City University in 2001 by the provincial assembly of
then N-WFP, as one of the first privately sponsored Universities proved an important
development in the education history of KPK. At City University, we have provided highly
qualified faculty, State of the Art physical infrastructure, labs, libraries and other students
facilities to bring excellence in higher education. The University with the faculties of
Engineering and Technology, Management Sciences, Computer Science & IT, Education,
Mathematics and English & Applied Linguistics is endeavoring to nurture the quest of thousands
of students for quality knowledge and research. Ranked in W Category as 5th top University in
Computer Science & IT, accredited by Pakistan Engineering Council and National Accreditation
Council for Computer Education (NACEC), we understand the uphill challenge of higher
education for quality and research to grab position in the top 500 best Universities of the world.
I am highly indebted to the better team work between the staff of City University and
collaborating Institutes for this successful mega event and hope that the conference participants
will deliberate on important issues faced by our country. More networking and collaboration will
come forward as result of this interaction of academia, researchers, entrepreneurs and other
major stakeholder involved in higher education and research. I look forward for your convenient
stay with us and hope that you will actively participate in the future events of City University of
Science and IT.
Message from Conference Chair and Vice Chancellor City University of
Science and IT
Prof. Dr. Atta Ullah Shah
The idea of this conference series was first discussed with the president City University of
Science and Information Technology Mr. Muhammad SaburSethi in May 2014, who supported it
and showed his keen desire to host this series of conferences. In Dec 29-30 2014, first conference
was held successfully in collaboration with East California University USA, Auburn University
USA and CDA Training Academy. The abstract book of the second conference of the series
(ICETEMS-2016) is now in your hands. This time we are also having collaboration of and
Institutes of Engineers Pakistan besides ECU and Auburn University USA.
The main objective of the conference is to provide a platform to major stakeholders for
integration and collaboration towards high quality research and innovation. The conference is
comprised of about 10 keynote speeches and invited talks by renowned researchers from USA,
UK, Malaysia, and Pakistan in diversified topics relating to Management science, Civil
Engineering, Telecom Engineering, Computer Science & IT, Mathematics, Sustainable
Architecture, Urban Planning, Engineering Management, Water Supply System and English
Linguistics. About 250 papers will be presented in these core areas of the conference by
academia, professionals, practitioners and industrialists. The cross disciplinary themes will serve
to broaden the vision of the audience. The conference will also serve as platform for networking
of the participants to exchange and share their research with each other. This will also provide
opportunities for them to collaborate for future joint research projects.
The conference organizing committee, the young faculty and staff of City University of Science
and IT (CUSIT), Peshawar really worked hard to arrange this conference. I am really grateful to
Mr. SaburSethi President CUSIT for their whole hearted support andthe faculty and staff of
CUSIT including member of Conference organizing committee particularly Engr. Habil Ahmad,
Engr. Shah Room, Mr. Sana Ullah, Col. M. Faqir, Dr. Shahab Samad, Mr. Amjad Ali, Dr.Shahab
Samad and everyone who supported us directly or indirectly. I am also grateful to the sponsors of
the conference, who contributed and supported the conference.
I am sure that all the participants will enjoy their stay with us at city of hospitality Peshawar and
will continue to support us in our future endeavors as well. I pray for your safe travel back to
your home after the conference.
May Allah give us divine wisdom, guidance and vision to play our role in the development of
Pakistan-Ameen
Message from Chairman Pakistan Engineering Council (PEC)
Engr. JavedSalim Qureshi
I am pleased to learn that "2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering

Management and Sciences (ICETEMS-2016) is being held at City University, Peshawar in
collaboration with East Carolina University and Auburn University USA. The themes of the
Conference reflect the needs of engineering and other Sciences. I am sure that by sharing their
interdisciplinary research, the conference delegates will identify the areas for future collaboration
and research as well. Pakistan Engineering Council firmly believes in Continuous Professional
Development of Engineers and such Conferences are the important forums to this end. We are
striving hard to improve the Engineering Education and Practice to bring qualitative change in
society by closely working with academia, industry and international partners.
I pray for the success of the Conference and expect that recommendations of the conference will
be shared with PEC in due course of time.
Message from President, The Institute of Engineers, Pakistan
Engr. Dr. IzharUlHaq
It is a matter of great pleasure that the City University of Science and Information Technology
Peshawar is arranging Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in
Engineering, Management and Sciences on December 29-30, 2016 in collaboration
withInstitution of Engineers Pakistan Rawalpindi/Islamabad Center, East Carolina University
USA andAuburn University USA.
It is also a matter of great satisfaction that renowned experts from within the country and
fromabroad shall be presenting their valuable papers during the conference. This event will
provide the opportunity to young Engineers to benefit from the knowledge of experienced
Engineers in theirrelevant fields.
The City University is working hard for dissemination of knowledge by holding this
InternationalEngineering Conference in collaboration with National/International Institutions and
universities forthe benefit of Engineering profession and development of the Country.
It is a matter of great honor for City University of Science and IT that Engr. Iqbal Zafar
JhagraGovernor Khyber Pukhtunkhwa and senior member of IEP is its patron in chief.
The Chairman, Co Chairman, Program Chairman, Technical Chairman, Conference

Secretaryandother team Members deserve appreciation for organizing the Conference in Khyber
PukhtunkhwaCapital Peshawar.
I pray for the success of Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in

Engineering, Management and Sciences
Message from Members Board of Governors City University of Science and IT
Senator NaumanWazir
(Chairman, Frontier FoundryLtd and Chair Senate Standing subcommittee on higher Education).
It is a matter of great pleasure for me to know that City University of Science & Information
Technology, Peshawar, is organizing 2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in
Engineering, Management & Sciences (ICETEMS-2016) on December 28 30, 2016.
We, as a global family, are in turmoil of social, technological, educational, and environmental
climate change. It is evident that limited, short-ranged practices of the past are now shifted to
shared, developed and technological efforts that are vital to survive on this earth now.
I as the chairman of Senate Special Committee of Revisiting the Curricular & Teaching
Methodology for creating Industry Academia Linkages understandthat, there is a need to bridge
the gap and link the research, and industrial application of innovative technologies, as high
investment are needed and high financial risk needs to be properly addressed and I believe that
this conference can be best forum for this purpose.
I have great faith in City University team of organizers and administrators and the good you will
generate together with the participants of the conference. It will be a proud moment in the life of
City University to celebrate such occasion. I assure you my profound support, throughout your
crucial conference.
With the warmest wishes for your success!
Muhammad Azam Khan (Former chief Secretary, KP)

I feel honored & privileged in writing this message on the occasion of the 2 nd International
Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering, Management and Sciences being held from
28-30 December, 2016.
It is a matter of satisfaction to learn that the conference is not only attracting participants from
reputable national and international institutions but also providing an opportunity to our
generation to get acquainted with the emerging trends relevant to the field of Engineering and
Management Sciences.
I feel honored to have been invited to an international event of this importance and feel grateful
for being part of this initiative.
I wish the organizers and participants every success.
Dr.Nayyer Masood(Head of the Department of Computer Science, Capital University of
Science & Technology, Islamabad)
It is undeniably a great pleasure for me to know that city university of Science & information
Technology, Peshawar, is organizing 2nd international Conference on Emerging Trends in
Engineering, Management & Sciences (ICETEMS-2016) on December 28-30, 2016. I extend my
warmest wishes to all organizing members and participants.
In many ways, this is not only a favorable event to reflect and think on contemporary challenges
and future prospects in the field of Engineering, Management and Sciences, but also an
appropriate time to consider how this conference can contribute to the advancement of this fast-
developing global community. I would be most grateful if this Conference could further promote
society through developed science and technologies.
The Conference theme will provide an ideal opportunity to reflect upon the many contributions
that multi-disciplinary coalition-building, understanding and intercultural gathering can provide
in identifying effective solutions to global crises and challenges of science and technology etc.
With the warmest wishes for the conference success!
Mr. Khalid Sultan Khwaja(CEO, Tariq Sultan & Co.)

It is my pleasure and privilege to send a message of support and best wishes to the organizers
and participants of the 2nd international conference on emerging trend in engineering,
management and sciences (ICETEM-2016) to be held on December 28-30-2016.
The theme of the conference emerging trend in engineering, management and sciences is very
topical in the present worldwide scenario and a creative way to explore the future. A good
conference is always more than just an exchange of papers and ideas. I as a member of the board
of governor sincerely wish and hope that this conference achieves success in creating awareness
toward out shared responsibility and common destiny in the global village of technologies which
we all well in.
I hope and pray that inter disciplinary dialogue at this conference inspire to lead us towards more
and more socially and technologically developed worlds.
Wishing you an inspiring conference.
List of Conference Committees
Committee Nominations
Organizing Committee Prof.Dr.AnwarF.Chisti
Convener: Prof. Dr. Jehanzeb Prof.Engr.Dr.Atta UllahShah
Prof.Engr.Dr.SahibzadaFayyazNoor
Dr.FarhadAli
Prof.Dr.MuhammadYounes
Dr.ShahabSamad
Engr.HabilAhmad
Engr.ShahRoom
Engr.RehanMasood
Ar.JanAlam
Mr. HilalKhurshid
Reception Committee Mr. Sohail Khalil
Convener: Col (R) Faqir Muhammad Mr. M. Zunnoorain Khan Mr.
MuhammadAli Sethi
Ms. Sidra Kanwal
Technical And Publication Prof. Dr. Anwar F. Chisti (CUSIT) Dr.
Committee Farhad Ali (CUSIT)
Convener: Dr. Salman Azhar Dr. Irfan Ullah Jan (NCEG)
(Auburn University) Dr. M. Hanif (NCEG)
Dr. Naveed Ahmad (UET Peshawar)
Dr. Hassan Raza (AIOU)
Mr. Zeeshan Ahmed Khan (CUSIT)
Mr. Ishaq Khan (CUSIT)
Mr. Zafar Ahmed
Dr. Muhammad Tahir (CUSIT)
Prof. Dr. S. Mahmoud Ahmad, East Carolina University
Abdul Hameed (CUSIT)
Mr. EhteshamUlHaq
Mr. Ahmad Farooq
Advisory ommittee Prof. Dr. M. Asif Khan, Karakoram University
Convener: Prof. Dr. Atta Ullah Shah Dr. Salman Azhar, Auburn University, USA
Prof. Dr.ConstantinFetecau, Technical University of
Iasi, RomaniaAcademy of Romanian Scientists,
Bucuresti, Romania
Prof. Dr. Naseer Ali Khan (Haripur University)
Eng. Hafiz EhsanQazi (CDA)
Dr. IrfanUllah Jan (NCEG)
International Scientific Committee Dr. Mohamed El Agroudy, MSM, Egypt
Convener: Prof. Dr. S. Mahmoud Ahmad Prof. Dr.DumitruVieru, Technical University of Iasi,
Romania
Dr. Ilyas Khan, College of Engineering, Majmaah
University, Saudi Arabia
Prof. Dr.Irshad Ahmad, UET Peshawar
Associate Prof. Dr.Sharidan Bin Shafie
(UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia)
Prof. Dr.Irtishad Ahmad (Florida Int. University)
Prof. Dr.AmjadNaseer, (UET Peshawar
Dr. Hamimah Adnan, UniversitiTeknologi Mara, Malaysia
Prof. Dr.Ilyas Ahmad, UET Lahore
Dr. GokhanArslan, Anadolu University, Turkey
Prof. Dr. Saeed Ahmad, UET Taxila
Dr. GazanBozai, East Carolina University, USA
Dr. Bashir Alam, UET Peshawar
Dr. Rafiq M. Choudhary, King Abdul Aziz University,
Saudi Arabia
Prof. Dr.Naveed Ahmad, UET Peshawar
Prof. Dr. A. R. Ghumman, UET Taxila
Prof. Dr. M. A. Kamal, UET Taxila
Dr. NaeemEjaz, UET Taxila
Dr. Malik M. A. Khalfan, RMIT, Australia
Dr. FayyazTahir, UET Taxila
Dr. Mohan Kumaraswamy, University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong
Prof. Dr. Noor ul Amin, CECOS University of
Engineering & Technology
Dr. Fayaz Ahmad, UET Peshawar Campus-III
Asst. Prof. Rehan Masood, University of Lahore, Pakistan
Dr. Nasir Mahmoud Khan (PEC)
Dr. AbidNadeem, Hong Kong College of Technology,
Hong Kong
Engr. Arjumand Sheikh (IEP)
Dr. Ashfaq A. Sheikh (PEC)
Prof. Stephen Ogunlana, Heriot-Watt University, UK Prof.
Dr.Tahir Shah, NCEG
Engr. GhulamKarim, PEC
Dr. S. F. A. Rafeeqi, NED, Pakistan
Engr. M. Sohail, PEC Dr. M. Jamal (NUST)
Engr. A. Rehman, PEC
Engr. Jehanzeb, PEC
Dr. M. Baber Khan (NUST)
Dr. Ziauddin (NUST)
Archt. Prof. RanjithDayaratne (University of Bahrain)
Dr. Matthew Hardy (INTBAU, UK)
Prof. Dr. NabeelHamdi (Oxford University, UK) Prof. Dr.
Howrad Davis (University of Oregon, USA)
Dr. RohitJigyasu (Ritsumeiken University)
Dr. Younca (EMU, North Cyprus)
Dr. ZeynepGul UNLA (Yildiz technical Univ Turkey)
Dr. Daniel Barrera (University of Malaga, Spain)
Miss AparnaTandon (ICCROM ROME, Italy)
Registration Committee Mrs. SamraKiran
Convener/Secretary: Dr. Farhad Ali Mr. Sharifullah
Mr. Aqib Aziz
Ar. Mir Wali Shah
Mr. AsimRaza
Mr. Mohammad Shoaib
Mr. Sami Ullah Khan
Ms. SheebaSadaf
Accommodation And Food Committee Mr. Muhammad Shakir
Convener: Col (R) Faqir Muhammad Engr. Sheraz
Prof. M. Iqbal
Engr Hazrat Amin
Mr. Ali Raza
Coordination Committee Mr. Arshad Amin
Convener: Mr. Zafar Ahmad Mr. Hamza Khawaja
Mr. Zulfiqar Ali
Ms. SheebaSadaf
Engr Aziz Ahmed
Engr M. Fahad Ullah
Ar. Naseer Ali Khan
Fund Raising / Finance Mr.Amjad Ali

Convener: Mr. ShakeelSethi Dr. Irfan Ullah Jan (NCEG)
Prof. M. Iqbal
Mr. M. Shakir
I.T / Network Mr. Syed Farrukh Abbas
Convener: Mr. Muhammad Hannan Mr. Zia MohiuddinBukhari
Mr. Mansoor Masood Mr. Muhammad Atif Iqbal
Mr. ZubairZahid
Mr. JawadAslam
Mr. Ahsan Ishfaq
Mr. Sana Ullah
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS/INVITED TALKS
1. SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: A HOLISTIC APPROACH

Prof. Dr. S. M. Ahmad (East Carolina University USA)
Sustainable construction refers to a structure, the construction process and occupancy processes that are
environmentally responsible and resource efficient throughout a buildings life-cycle from location to
design, construction operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition. Sustainable construction is
generally used to describe the application of sustainable development to the construction industry.
Sustainability leads to a better quality of life; not only for those in the sustainable site, but for all of us.
We will discuss the triple bottom line and the themes of environmental, social, and economic
accountability; and the life cycle of a building and the construction process. Multiple areas of
sustainability have been considered, including green home building, the commercial industry, sustainable
materials, and their overlapping parts. Included are quick statistics andcharts showing data from the
leading members of sustainability, USGBC (United States Green Building Council) and LEED
(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design). Also included are the worlds leaders in sustainability,
the nations leaders, and some of their most notable projects.
Bio Data:
Dr. S.Mehmood Ahmed is Chair and Professor at Department of Construction
Management at East Carolina University USA. He obtained his BSc Civil
Engineering from UET Lahore in 1984. Later he completed his MS and PhD
Civil Engineering from Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, USA. He is
involved in teaching and research as full time faculty since 1995, when has was
lecturer at Hong Kong Polytechnic University. Later he joined Florida
International University (FIU) and remained there for about 12 years in capacities
Assistant Professor, Associated Professor and Graduate Program Director. In
2010, he joined ECU as full professor and head at the Construction Management
department. He also worked with various construction Engineering firm as
consultant including McDonald Layton and Company, CRSS-AMC and CDA. Dr. Ahmad is theauthor of
more than 100 research papers, published in refereed journals and conferences. He is the chair of two
series of conferences i.e Intentional Conference on Constructions In Twenty First Century (CITC) and
International Conference on Construction In Development Countries (ICCIDC). He co-authored 4 books
on Construction Management, Lean Construction, Quality Management and Decsion Making in
Constrcution management.
2. COMMERCIALIZATION OF UNIVERSITY R&D PROJECTS:
OBSTACLES AND SOLUTIONS
Prof Dr. Amran Md Rasali (UTM Malaysia)
The roles of universities in the context of a nations shift towards knowledge economy have
changed drastically recently. Universities are now expected to contribute to the creation of new
knowledge-based industries, i.e. to support knowledge-based economic growth through the
creation of industrially-relevant knowledge/innovation and their commercialization, and to
attract global MNCs in new emerging industries; and foster entrepreneurial mindset to support
the future knowledge economy where stable job opportunities are no longer guaranteed. As such,
there is a need to inculcate the spirit of enterprise as compared to the past where high economic
growth has provided graduates with good career prospects as salaried employees, particularly in
MNC subsidiaries and the government. The shift requires a bigger role in supporting innovation
and commercialization, i.e. to venture beyond its traditional function of teaching, research and
publication by incorporating a technology commercialization role which will inevitably help the
institution to improve its global ranking. However, there are many obstacles that impede the
progression of research and development to commercialization and entrepreneurship.The main
obstacles include (1) researches and technologies are not based on customer needs; (2)
inadequate relationship with regional and global market; (3) lack of appropriate evaluation of
ideas and innovations in a national entity; (4) lack of support for investment in new technologies,
and (5) lack of harmonized regulations for protecting Intellectual Property rights. To overcome
the aforementioned obstacles, priority in developing a complete commercialization ecosystem
has become a national agenda for most emerging economies.
BioData:
Professor Dr. AmranRaslihas a PhD in society, Businessand Globalization

fromRoskilde University, Denmark. He is currently the Director of
Innovation and commercialization center, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia. His
man task is to screen UTM research and development projects, and
subsequently create commercial venture through licensing and/or formation
of spin-offs companies. He is a director of two spin-off companies on behalf
of UTM. He also liaises, plans and conduct entrepreneurship activities with
funding agencies to ensure sustainability and impact for the entrepreneur and the agencies
concerned. At the faculty of Management, Prof. Dr. Amran Rasli teaches postgraduate students,
supervise doctoral students, conduct research projects and write journals for publication as per
the expectation of university. Prof. Dr. AmranRasli is still active in doctoral supervision having
graduate 31 PhD scholars so far. He had been invited as a visiting professor at University
College of Engineering and Technology, Pahang, India institute of Risk Management,
Hyderabad, India, Hebei University, China,Kaunas Technological University, Lithunia, National
Central University, Taiyuan, Taiwan National Chen Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan and
UniversitySebelasMaret Surabaya, Indonesia. He is currently an Adjunct professor at Asia E-
University.
3. THE IMPORTANCE OF MOBILE CLOUD COMPUTING &
INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
Prof. Dr.Abid Yahya (Botswana International University of Science and Tech)
Mobile cloud computing challenges are due to the intrinsic nature and restrictions of wireless networks
and devices. These challenges thwart the design of distributed processing more so than fixed cloud
computing. The dynamic nature of application throughput demands, subscriber mobility and
uncontrollable factors such as weather can cause bandwidth capacity and coverage to vary. Mobile
computing provides a tool to the user when and where it is needed irrespective of user movement, hence
supporting location independence However, with mobility comes its inherent problems such as resource
scarceness, finite energy and low connectivity. Considering the trends in mobile phone architecture and
battery, it is unlikely that these problems will be solved in the future through cloud computing. Cloud
computing can be defined as the combination of computing as a utility and software as a service.
Cloud computing provide services over the Internet and the hardware and systems software in data
centers. The main concept behind cloud computing is to offload computation to remote resource
providers.
It is more efficient to share data among a group of mobile devices that are near each other, through local-
area or peer-to-peer networks. It is not only cheaper, but also faster. However number of challenges faced
by mobile cloud computing.
There will be a significant upsurge in the use of cloud computing and Internet of Things in Pakistan.
Cloud technology and mobile computing devices together present Pakistan with a unique opportunity to
leap frog critical infrastructure deficits.
Bio Data:
Engr. Prof.Dr. AbidYahyaan esteemed scientist graduated with a BSc degree from
University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan in Electrical and
Electronic Engineering majoring in telecommunication. Engr.Prof.AbidYahya
began his career on a path that is rare among other Researcher executives and
earned his MSc and PhD degree in Wireless & Mobile systems, in 2007 and 2010
respectively, from the UniversitiSains Malaysia, Malaysia. Currently, he is working
at Botswana International University of Science & Technology, and asa visiting
consultant professor at Regent University College of Science & Technology. He has
applied this combination of practical and academic experience to a variety of
consultancies for major corporations.
He has over 110research publications to his credit in various Books, research journals of repute and
conference proceedings. Hesupervised number of PhD and MasterCandidates.Lately, his new
bookJanuary 2017 editionLTE-A Cellular Networks: Multi-hop Relay for Coverage, Capacity and
Performance Enhancement has been published by Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Engr. Prof. Dr. AbidYahyawas assigned as an external and internal examiner for postgraduate students.
He was invited number of timesas a speaker and visiting lecturer at different multinational companies. He
sits on various panels with the Government and other industry related panels of study.
Engr. Prof. Dr. AbidYahyarewarding field research and his academic coursework, made a strong
contribution to different research centers. During his work experience, he had collaborated with several
international Universities and companies.
4. WASTE WATER TREATMENT
Dr. Abdul Hamid (Dominion University VA, USA)
Treating wastewaters for the removal of contaminants before disposal, being the practice over
the years. Different techniques and technologies have been used to date. The reclamation and
reuse of wastewaters become the need of the day to serve the increasing population by providing
them the alternative for fresh water. To do so, its not only the organic and metal contaminants
which need to be removed but also biological contaminants such as bacteria, pathogens and
viruses are required to be removed. Heavy metals contamination have become a global issue, the
challenge of its removal led environmental engineers and scientist to use different technologies.
Mercury is one of the thirteen metals on the US EPAs priority pollutants list. In recent years
warnings about mercury in fish and seafood have been reported. Mercury can harm the
developing brains of children and infants. In adults it can lead to memory loss and affect fertility
and blood pressure. The biggest emitters of Mercury are Coal fired power plants, Cement kilns,
Chlor-alkali plants, Trash incinerators, Gold mining and Paper production.Low cast adsorbent
already used for the removal of Mercury include fly ash,coal,tree bark, human hair, fertilizer
waste, used tea leaves, waste rubber, rice husk ash, flax shive and oil shale. However, to the best
of knowledge, Biochar processed by Coffee Husk (CH) have never been used for the removal of
Mercury.Biochar is a carbon rich, fine grained porous substance.It is produced by thermal
decomposition of biomass at relatively low temperatures and oxygen limited conditions. Three
goals can be achieved for environmental management by using biochar applications:waste
utilization (if waste biomass is used,as in our case), energyproduction (if energy is stored during
the process of biochar production), and soil improvement (pollution and productivity point of
view).Biochar is getting attention due to its role in combating climate change by holding Carbon
in the soil. More overbiochar retains Nitrogen; emission of nitrous oxide may also be reduced,
which is a potent greenhouse gas.
Bio Data
Abdul Hamid did BSc Civil Engineering from UET Peshawar. Masters in
Environmental Engineering from same institute. Worked as an Assistant
Professor at UET BannuCampus, in addition to his teaching responsibilities also
remained Semester Coordinator.
Recently enrolled in PhD at Old Dominion University VA, USA in the field of
Environmental Engineering. The area of interest is waste water treatment and
specifically working on Removal of heavy metals from wastewater by using
low cast absorbents. Member of AWWA.
5. ANTECEDENTS AND PRECEDENTS OF CONFLICTS AMONG
ACADEMICS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN
PAKISTAN
Dr. M. Mudassar Khan (UTM Malaysia)
Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Pakistan are consistently witnessing an increased level of
conflicts among employees. This increase impacts significantly the culture of the institutions.
Furthermore, literature has indicated the importance of organizational culture in reshaping
employees work practices and empowerment, specifically, in relation to thethree types of
conflicts such as task, process and relationship. However, the relationship of each conflict type
with employees performance is unclear and there has been limited studiesto identify
antecedentsof the conflicts in organizations. Thus, the objectives of this study are to examine the
interrelationship of organizational culture, employee empowerment and employee conflict, and
its impact on employee performance with moderating role of conflict management. A
proportionate random sample of 240 academic staff from Higher Education Institutions in
Pakistan were respondents for the study. After testing the reliability and validity of the data,
Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to examine the empirical relationship. Results
indicated that HEIs culture has a negative relationship with employee conflict, and this conflict
has a negative relationship with employees performance. The findings showed that employee
empowerment mediates the relationship between organizational culture and employee conflict,
whilst conflict management moderates the relationship of employee conflict and employee
performance. Besides, the study also found that relationship conflict has a negative relationship
with employee performance while task conflict has a positive relationship. However, the study
did not find any evidence of a relationship between process conflict and employee performance.
The results of the current study are helpful for HEIs management to develop strategies to reduce
relationship conflicts through empowering employees of HEIs in Pakistan.
Bio Data:
PhD in Antecedents and Precedents of Employee Conflict among Academics
of Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan.Expertise area: Conflict
Management, Strategic Management, Strategic Human Resource
Management, International Marketing, Marketing Management, Total
Quality Management, Corporate Finance, Financial Management, Financial
Accounting, Cost Accounting, Quantitative Data Analysis.
Professional Trainer: Statistical software (SPSS), Structural Equation Modeling (SMART PLS,
AMOS).
6. HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT IN MIXED CONVECTION
POISEUILLE FLOW OF NANOFLUID WITH GOLD
NANOPARTICLES IN THE PRESENCE OF THERMAL DIFFUSION
AND CHEMICAL REACTION
Dr. Sidra Aman (FIST University, Pahang, Malaysia)
Heat transfer enhancements of mixed convection Poiseuille flow of nanofluid with gold
nanoparticles are studied. The external pressure gradient and buoyancy force induce mixed
convection. Chemical reaction and thermal diffusion are also taken into account. Cylindrical
shape gold nanoparticles ( AuNP) are chosen in kerosene oil (base fluid). The problem is
modelled in terms of partial differential equations with suitable boundary conditions.
Expressions for velocity and temperature are obtained by using perturbation method. Heat
transfer rate is evaluated for gold, magnetite and Alumina nanoparticles for the sake of
comparison. Gold nanoparticles are found to have highest heat transfer rate. Graphical results are
mapped in order to present a better insight the of the embedded parameters effect on the flow of
nanofluid. Velocity profile decreases with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles.
Bio Data
Sidra Aman is PhD scholar in Applied Mathematics (Fluid dynamics). She did
her MSc Mathematics from University of Peshawar (UOP), Pakistan and B.Sc.
Physics and Mathematics, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto women, University
Peshawar.
7. INTERNET OF THINGS A STEP TOWARDS SMART GLOBAL
VILLAGE
Dr. Sajjad Shah (University of California USA)
IoT (internet of things) has been projected as the next surge of information and communication
technologies (ICT) after the acceptance of smartphone market extensively, (Cisco) estimated that
more than 50 billion of devices and object may be connected to each other via Internet and
deployed by 2020. The Internet of things (IoT) will connect a large number of sensors and
objects to the Internet. These devices and objects produce a large amount of data, which we refer
to Big Data. When its processed by analytics over the cloud, which allows us to live smarter
(Smart Cities, Smart home, Smart Building, Smart agriculture, smart utilities and Smart
logistics). Among those, logistics/transportation is one. Logistics is the process of managing the
flow of things either physical (liquids, food, material, equipment, animals, etc.) or abstract
(information and time) from their point of origin to their point of consumption for meeting the
customers requirements. Smart logistics takes the smart products and smart services within
logistics and frees human from controlling activities. Smart logistics automation system covers
port, raw material automation, yard automation and unmanned cranes, product logistics
automation, automatic TAG attachment system, automated warehouse operations, access security
automation, multi-tier warehouse automation, etc. These constituents are enabled to interact and
to perform in a smart way. The talk focuses on exploiting the magic wand of IoT in logistics to
make it smart. Since, IoT gives far-reaching settlements for logistic operators, their customers,
and consumers. It trends toward the distribution of centrally controlled environment to small
self-organized entities, automatic adaption to the changes in the environment, and decentralized
flow control of the material. The convergence of these trends dramatically improves various
aspects of logistics. Among those, smartness in end-to-end visibility, fleet management, and
warehouse management are most important due to their core role in logistics.
Bio Data
PhD-(C) from University of California, USA, worked with Google 2012-2013,
People Tech 2013-14, IWP 2014- September 2016, currently working with
IEEE New York as member of IoT Research & Development team. A recipient
of the IEEE (IoT Research & Development) Achievement Award contributions
in the field of Internet of Things and Sensor Networks, 12 IEEE Publications
in the area of Sensor Networks, Cloud computing and Internet of things (IoT),
with 2 Best paper of the conference awards. Member of South Asia Institute of Science and
Engineering (SAISE) Ontario, Canada. My research spans theory and practice of wireless and
sensor networks, cloud computing and Internet of Things.
Internet of Things (IoT) Professional Certifications:
IoT Certification from IEEE, Virginia, USA.
IoT Certification from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston, USA.
8. KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN TRAINING AND
DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATIONS
Dr. Hazrat Hussain (TVET expert from Colombo Staff College Sri Lanka)
This study aimed at determining the status of knowledge management practices and their effects on
knowledge based benefits in the training and development (T&D) organizations of Metro Manila
Philippines. This study is mainly qualitative in nature. Descriptive statistics has been used to determine
the extent to which the practices of content, competence, and knowledge management process, cultural
norms, information technology infrastructure and at of knowledge based benefits. Inferential statistics i.e.
stepwise regression analysis was applied to determine the level of prediction of organizational benefits i.e.
innovation, responsiveness, competitiveness and organizational learning on knowledge management
practices. The respondents included management and administrative officials, faculties and resource
persons, Information Technology officers and librarians from these institutions. The data and information
collection was done in two stages. Questionnaire was distributed to 15 different training and development
organizations with a retrieval of 220 out of the 258 Questionnaires distributed i.e. rate of 92 percent.
Statistical package of Social Science (SPSS version: 11.00) for Windows was used to analyze of the data
to determine mean and standard deviation for descriptive statistics and t- statistics, F- ratio, adjusted R2
and level of significance to describe the effect of KM practices on Knowledge based benefits.
Bio Data
Dr. Hazrat Hussain is currently acting as Associate Professor at Government
Polytechnic Institute Peshawar. He holds PhD in Technology Management from
Technological University of the Philippines. Since last 25 years Dr. Hussain has
served Technical Education and Vocational Training in various capacities at
provincial, country and international level. He has worked with TVET systems of
all the SAARC Countries and some of Pacific Rim Countries i.e. Philippines,
Malaysia, Thailand, South Korea and Singapore etc. Dr. Hussain is married and
has a son.
CONTENTS
MANAGEMENT SCIENCES ................................................................ 1
BUILDING CUSTOMER LOYALTY THROUGH SERVICES CAPE IN PRIVATE SECTOR
BANKS IN PESHAWAR (PAKISTAN): THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION..................................................................................................................................... 2
(Ref No. ICETEMS-16-001)
EFFECT OF FAVOURTISM ON ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST: A CASE OF
PRIVATESECTOR BANKS IN PESHAWAR (PAKISTAN) ............................................................ 2
IMPROVING PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN: AN EXAMINATION OF
THEIMPACT OF SCHOOL AUTONOMY ON CHILDREN LEARNING OUTCOMES IN
RURAL KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE,Pakistan .......................................................... 3
SELECTION CRITERIA OF ISLAMIC BANKS: A STUDY OF PAKISTANI
BANKINGCUSTOMERS ...................................................................................................................... 3
ROLE OF HR PRACTICES IN EMPLOYEE RETENTIONS ......................................................... 3
ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES INEMPLOYEE RETENTION AND TOSTUDY
NEW TECHNIQUE OF RETENTION ................................................................................................ 4
FORECASTING ELECTRICITY ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN PAKISTAN. ........................... 4
IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY DIMENSIONS ON CUSTOMER
SATISFACTIONASTUDY OF TELECOM INDUSTRY OF PESHAWAR (PAKISTAN) ............ 4
DERIVATIVES MARKET IN PAKISTAN: A SEARCH FOR A NEW TRADING AVENUE ..... 5
IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND CAPITAL STRUCTUREON THE
PROFITABILITY OF CEMENT AND STEEL SECTORS IN CHINA ........................................... 5
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL SILENCE ANDORGANIZATIONAL
CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMITMENT ..................................................................................................................................... 5
CAUSES OF OIL PRICE VOLATILITY AND ROLE OF USA; OVER THE PERIOD FROM
1999 TO 2106. .......................................................................................................................................... 6
DYNAMICS OF PROFITABILITY OF BANKS IN DEVELOPING ECONOMY (A CASE OF
PANEL DATA ANALYSIS) .................................................................................................................. 6
INFLUENCE OF ON JOB SATISFACTION: A COMPARISON BETWEEN BANK
EMPLOYEES OF DEVELOPED AND UNDERDEVELOPED CITIES ......................................... 7
DETERMINING THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND ORGANIZATIONAL
CULTURE ON ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT: A CASESTUDY OF TELECOM SECTOR
PESHAWAR ........................................................................................................................................... 7
RELATIONSHIP AMONG ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, REWARDS, TECHNOLOGY
AND KNOWLEDGE WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY MODERATED BY TRAINING ............... 7
MODERATING ROLE OF INNOVATION IN ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE WITH ITS
IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OFPAKISTAN
RAILWAYS............................................................................................................................................. 8
IMPACT OF TALENT MANAGEMETN STRATEGIES ON EMPLOYEESPERFORMANCE
BEHAVIOUR IN TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN ................................... 8
THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE APPRAISALSATISFACTION
WITH EMPLOYEES OUTCOMES: EVIDENCE FROM HIGHER EDUCATIONAL
INSTITUTES........................................................................................................................................... 8
IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON FIRMS PROFITABILITY(ACASE
OF CEMENT INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN) ........................................................................................ 9
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN PUBLIC EDUCATION SECTOR OF PESHAWAR
REGION .................................................................................................................................................. 9
EXCHANGE RATE AS A DETERMINANT OF FLUCTUATION IN FOREIGN EXCHANGE
RESERVES: EVIDENCE FROM ECONOMY OF INDIA ............................................................... 9
MOTIVATION IN THEORY AND IN PRACTICE; A COMPARISON ....................................... 10
ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR
HIGHEREDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES ......................................................................................... 10
THE EFFECT OF JOB INSECURITY ON JOB SATISFACTION AND JOBERFORMANCE:
MODERATING ROLE OF ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS................................................................. 10
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPITAL STRUCTURE, OWNERSHIPSTRUCTURE
AND FIRM EFFICIENCY, EMPIRICAL STUDY OF PAKISTAN............................................... 11
IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEES
PERCEIVEDPERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMITMENT ................................................................................................................................... 11
THE IMPACT OF EARNING VOLATILITY ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE:EMPIRICAL
EVIDENCE OF LISTED FIRMS ON PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE. (A CASE STUDY OF
SUGAR & TEXTILE SECTORS)....................................................................................................... 12
ARISING STUDENTS ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY THROUGHENTREPRENEURIAL
ATTITUDE ORIENTATION: EVIDENCE FROM UNIVERSITIES OF PESHAWAR KP,
PAKISTAN ............................................................................................................................................ 12
IMPACT OF TALENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON EMPLOYEEPERFORMANCE
BEHAVIOR WITH THE MEDIATING ROLE OF TALENTMANAGEMENT OUTPUTS ...... 12
EFFECT OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-EFFICACY ON BURNOUT WITH MEDIATING ROLE
OF CHALLENGE & HINDRANCE DEMANDS AMONG FACULTY MEMBERS ................... 13
IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTIONMEDIATED
BY ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST ...................................................................................................... 13
DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEE RETENTION:A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF
HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES PESHAWAR ...................................................................... 13
EMPIRICAL EFFECT OF EXTERNAL DEBT AND RELIEF IN DEBT SERVICING
ONPOVERTY IN CASE OF PAKISTAN .......................................................................................... 14
EXPLORING AND VALIDATING BARRIERS TO CORPORATE
SOCIALRESPONSIBILITY IN SMES OF KPK USING SEQUENTIAL MIXED-
METHODAPPROACH ........................................................................................................................ 14
THE ROLE AND IMPACT OF MERGER &ACQUISITION OF BANKING SECTOR
INPAKISTAN. ...................................................................................................................................... 15
CAPACITY BUILDING INTERVENTIONS TOWARDS EMPLOYEEDEVELOPMENT:
STUDY ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES ........................................................... 15
FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP IN PUBLIC SECTOR
ORGANIZATIONS OF PAKISTAN: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF WORKING CONDITION
................................................................................................................................................................ 15
THE DETERMINATS OF EXCHANGE RATE IN PAKISTAN; A STRUCTURALEQUATION
MODEL ................................................................................................................................................. 16
THE IMPACT OF FIRM SIZE ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FIRM ................ 16
ASSESSMENT OF ROOM FOR DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN (AN ECONOMIC
PERSPECTIVE) ................................................................................................................................... 16
IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEESJOB
SATISFACTION................................................................................................................................... 17
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS: A
QUANTITATIVE STUDY ................................................................................................................... 17
MATHEMATICS & COMPUTATION ............................................. 18

Analysis ofmixed convection flow of generalized micro polarfluid over an oscillating plate via
Caputo approach................................................................................................................................... 19
Application of Caputo-Fabrizio Derivatives to MHD FreeConvection Flow of Generalized
Walters'-B Fluid Model ........................................................................................................................ 19
MHD flow of Brinkman type nanofluid with heat transfer in a porous medium ........................... 19
ARBITRARY WALL SHEAR IN HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF MHD CASSON FLUID
PAST A TILTED PLATE .................................................................................................................... 19
CHEMICAL REACTION OF MAGNETIC NANO MATERIALS WITH MAGNETIC FIELD
IN MIXED CONVECTION POISEUILLE FLOW OF NANOFLUID WITH NEWTONIAN
HEATING AND THERMAL DIFFUSION ....................................................................................... 20
Thin film flow of Micropolarfluid in a porous medium with the effect of thermophoresis and
thermal radiation .................................................................................................................................. 20
Exact Solutions for MHD Unsteady Flow of Second Grade Fluid in Porous Medium with Heat
Transfer ................................................................................................................................................. 21
Size Effects of MoS2Nanoparticles on Heat Transfer Rate in Mixed Convection Flow of Water-
based Molybdenum DisulphideNanofluid .......................................................................................... 21
Chemical reaction of magnetic nano materials with magnetic field in mixed convection Poiseuille
flow of nanofluid with Newtonian heating and thermal diffusion .................................................... 21
Size Effects of MoS2Nanoparticles on Heat Transfer Rate in Mixed Convection Flow of Water-
based Molybdenum Disulphide Nanofluids ........................................................................................ 22
MHD Free Convection Flow Past a Vertical Plate that Applies Arbitrary Shear Stress to the
Fluid with Ramped Wall Temperature ............................................................................................... 22
MATHEMATICAL MODELING APPROACH TO THE TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF
PINE WILT DISEASE WITH SATURATED INCIDENCE RATE ............................................... 23
A Mathematical study of Pine Wilt Disease with Variable Population Size .................................... 23
Stokes First Problem for Casson Fluid over an Infinite Plate .......................................................... 23
Stokes Second Problem for Casson Fluid over an Infinite Plate ...................................................... 23
Channel flow of a Maxwell fluid through a porous medium in the presence of magnetic field ..... 24
Application of Caputo-Fabrizio Derivatives to MHD Free Convection Flow of Generalized
Walters'-B Fluid Model ........................................................................................................................ 24
The Analysis of Time Dependent Third Grade Fluid in Wire Coating............................................ 24
COMPUTER SCIENCE& IT .............................................................. 26

SCHOOL LEADERSHIPS TECHNOLOGY READINESS FOR ICT INTEGRATION IN
SCHOOLS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LIKE PAKISTAN ................................................... 27
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) Vulnerabilities in Web Applications An Overview ......... 27
A Survey on WSN-based Forest Fire Detection Techniques ............................................................. 27
Critical Challenges for Requirement Implementation in context of Global Software
Development: A Systematic Literature Review Protocol .................................................................. 28
The Performance evaluation of MANET Protocol under varying Pause time and Simulation Area
................................................................................................................................................................ 28
Impact Assessment of Node Density over FSR and DSR .................................................................. 28
SECOND EYE OF BLIND (A SMART SYSTEM FOR BLIND PEOPLE) ................................... 28
Personal Software Quality ASSURANCE: A Novel approach for Process Improvement ............. 29
Professional Status of Bioinformatics: A Pakistani Perspective ....................................................... 29
A Sybil Attack Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks .................................................................... 30
Applying SPL Approach To Produce High Quality Smartwatch Applications .............................. 30
Comparative Study of Uni-Model and Multi-Model biometric system using Iris .......................... 31
An Empirical Study for Heart Disease Prediction using Data Mining ............................................ 31
Optimal Handling Strategy of Hadoop small file storage for Big data ............................................ 31
PashApp A User Friendly Pashto Text Editor ............................................................................... 32
A Survey of Data mining Classification for Human Chronic Diseases. ........................................... 32
Segmentation and Classification of RBC and WBC in Blood Using KNN ...................................... 33
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT ............................. 34

Contractor Selection and Bid Evaluation in Construction Industry of Pakistan ........................... 35
Factors Affecting the Time and Cost Over Run In Construction Industry of Pakistan ................ 35
Analysis of Design and Build Procurement for Construction Projects in Pakistan (A case study of
construction of Bachelor Hostel at AIOU) .......................................................................................... 35
Building Information Modelling (BIM): The Future of Construction Industry in Pakistan ........ 36
Comparison of causes of disputes in the publish literature and Construction industry of Pakistan
................................................................................................................................................................ 36
FIDIC CONDITIONS OF SUBCONTRACT AS A MODEL FOR GENERAL CONDITIONS OF
SUBCONTRACT IN PAKISTAN ....................................................................................................... 37
Lack of plant/equipment problems in construction industry of KP Pakistan ................................. 37
Poor Workmanship Problems in Construction Industry of Khyber Paktunkhwa, Pakistan ........ 38
CAUSES OF DISPUTES BETWEEN THE GENERAL CONTRACTOR AND
SUBCONTRACTOR IN THE CONSTRCUTION INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN.......................... 38
Benchmarking the current state of Construction Safety Practices in KP, Pakistan. ...................... 38
WATER SUPPLY, SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT .... 40

Factors affecting the childs nutritional status: Evidence from PDHS-2013................................... 41
Hydraulic And Water Quality Modeling Of A Water Supply Scheme Using EPA.NET Software
................................................................................................................................................................ 41
Assessing The Water Quality At User End In Islamabad: A Case Study Of Rawal Lake Filtration
Plant ....................................................................................................................................................... 41
ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT ..................................................... 42

Geotechnical Investigations Improves the Economic Worth of an Exploration Venture: Case
Study of Economic Analysis of Exploration Project .......................................................................... 43
Developing a Multi-criteria Decision Support System for Determining Optimal Retention
Inventory stock in Public Sectors Technical Services Organizations of Pakistan ......................... 43
Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems: Principles and Prospects................................................. 43
ENGLISH AND APPLIED LINGUISTICS EDUCATION ............. 45

Alien in My Own Culture: Linguistic Terrorism in Institutes of KP Pakistan ............................ 46
A corpus based study of the frequency in the use of common discourse markers by the native and
Pakistani non-native speakers of English. .......................................................................................... 46
(Ref No. ICETEMS-16-100) ................................................................................................................. 46
ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ............................................ 47

Yaw Damper Design for an Aircraft ................................................................................................... 48
LMIs Based Optimal Control Design for Aircraft ............................................................................. 48
Evaluation of Longitudinal Aerodynamic Coefficients and Center of Gravity Variations Effect
for an Aircraft ....................................................................................................................................... 48
Evaluation of Lateral Aerodynamic Coefficients and Center of Gravity Variations Effect for an
Aircraft .................................................................................................................................................. 48
Improved Linear Quadratic Gaussian Control for Aircraft Dynamics in Uncertain Environment
................................................................................................................................................................ 49
Modeling, Control and Reduction of a Helicopter Coupled Model into Longitudinal and Lateral
Models .................................................................................................................................................... 49
EVALUATION OF ASPHALT MIXTURES USING NEAT AND MODIFIED BINDER ........... 49
Evaluation of Engineering Properties of Clayey Soils using Lime ................................................... 50
Improvement of Sandy Soil using Cement Grouting ......................................................................... 50
Rutting Susceptibility and Moisture Damage of HMA containing Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement
(RAP) in Pakistan ................................................................................................................................. 50
Shake Table Test on Reinforced Concrete Structure ........................................................................ 51
COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL SLOPE STABILITY
ANALYSES OF MANGLA DAM ....................................................................................................... 51
REHABILITATION OF FOUNDATIONS OF OLD BUILDINGS USING MICROPILES ........ 51
(Ref No. ICETEMS-16-019) ................................................................................................................. 51
SOIL STABILIZATION USING TRADITIONAL ADMIXTURES ............................................... 52
Experimental study on the flexural behavoir of composite RC beams having an ECC layer at the
bottom .................................................................................................................................................... 52
Utilization of Recycled Foundry Sand As A Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate In Concrete
................................................................................................................................................................ 52
Effect of Polypropylene Fibers on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete
................................................................................................................................................................ 53
Liquefaction Potential Analysis of Yamanka Dam-Japan ................................................................ 53
Liquefaction Mitigation through Induced Partial Saturation (IPS) ................................................ 53
Experimental Study of Scouring Around Elliptical Bridge Pier ...................................................... 54
Facial Expression Recognition Using Discrete Cosine Transform and SVM .................................. 54
Cracking behavior of two way reinforced concretebase slab of telecommunication towers in
flexure with varying reinforcement details ......................................................................................... 54
Application of Nash Model to Simulate Runoff from a Small Catchment ...................................... 55
Design & Comparison of Pile foundation Bearing Capacities .......................................................... 55
Strength and Cost Analysis of Brick Aggregate with Admixture..................................................... 55
Influence Of Tunneling On Existing Pile Foundations ...................................................................... 56
ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED SOIL SLOPES WITH LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM AND FINITE
ELEMENT METHODS ....................................................................................................................... 56
SEEPAGE PERFOMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN THEORATICAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF A MODEL DAM ................................................................. 57
IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL USING WASTE PLASTIC SHOPPING BAGS ............................... 57
Comparison of Drift due to Wind and Earthquake Loading on tall Buildings ............................... 57
Impact of Waste Marble Dust on the Sustainability of Cement Sand Mortar ................................ 57
EFFECT OF TRANSVERSE STEEL SPACING ON CONFINEMENT OF LOW STRENGTH
CONCRETE UNDER COMPRESSION ............................................................................................ 58
MEASUREMENT OF SUBGRADE PROPERTIES OF G.T ROAD,PIR PYAI AREA .............. 58
Dynamics of Rock-Fill and Concrete Gated Weir by Using SEEP/W ............................................. 59
Seismic Microzonation of Peshawar .................................................................................................... 59
Laser Bounce Listening System (LBLS) ............................................................................................. 59
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Effects of Modifier in Asphaltic Concrete Mix ............ 60
Energy Trading in Cooperative Micro-grids with Renewable Energy Resources Micro-grid
equipped with heterogeneous energy resources present the idea of small scale distributed energy
management (DEM).............................................................................................................................. 60
Improved Spectrum Sensing Technique in Cognitive Radio Network ............................................ 61
Immediate Fault Detection & Quick Response in Power Distribution System(Distribution
System) ................................................................................................................................................... 61
One-Dimensional Trim Loss Minimization in Steel Mill................................................................... 61
Economic Losses due to Earthquake-Induced Damages in RC SMRF Structures......................... 62
Critical Analysis of Force-Based Procedure for Seismic Design of RC SMRF Structures ............ 62
Influence of metakoline on the Strength and Durability of blended cement mortar ...................... 63
Coupled Soil-Atmosphere Interaction Model for Abbottabads Clay ............................................. 63
Exploratory Study on the Effect of Fly Ash in Cement Mortar ....................................................... 63
The evaluation of the Microstructure in metakoline modified cement mortar ............................... 64
Enhanced Heterogeneous Hetrogeneous Cellular Networks to Enable the Cell Edge User
performance........................................................................................................................................... 64
Few Decades Survey on Renewable Energy and Smart Grid Approach ......................................... 64
An optimal Home Energy Management System based on Time of Use pricing scheme in Smart
Grid ........................................................................................................................................................ 65
Effect of Rice Husk Ash on the strength and properties of Bricks ................................................... 65
EENMBAN: Energy EfficieNt Model for Body Area Networks....................................................... 65
Towards Cooperative Diversity in Wireless Sensor Networks (Coop-WSN) .................................. 66
A Numerical Study on Brick Masonry to Investigate Tensile Parameters for Damage Plasticity
Material Model ...................................................................................................................................... 66
valuation of impermeability and soroptivity of Rice Husk Ash & Wheat straw ash in concrete .. 66
Strength Behavior of Concrete For Differrent Sources of Aggregates Used in Peshawar ............. 67
Relationship Between Seepage and Discharge For River Indus In District Swabi (KPK) ............. 67
Bond Strength of Normal Concret For Different Sizes And Embedments ...................................... 67
To Improve the Performance of Concrete by Using Fly Ash ............................................................ 68
Effect of Fiber Glass on The Compressive Strength of Concrete ..................................................... 68
Towards an Energy-efficient and Throughput aware scheme for BANs ......................................... 68
Comprehensive Investiagtion on The Pull-Out Strength of Tar Bars In Normal and High
Strength Concrte ................................................................................................................................... 69
ON GRID HYBRID AC DC INTELLIGENT CONVERTER ......................................................... 69
AUTOMATIC PARABOLIC REFLECTOR TRACKING SYSTEM FOR WATER HEATING
SYSTEM ................................................................................................................................................ 69
A COMPARISON STUDY OF ORDINARY AND MULTILEVEL INVERTER USING SOLAR
POWERED ............................................................................................................................................ 70
MATLAB BASED REAL TIME CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION OF DC SERVO MOTOR 70
WIND -SOLAR HYBRID POWER GENERATION MODEL ........................................................ 71
TO DESIGN A DIGITAL CNG INDICATOR FOR FUEL MONITORING ................................. 71
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING BASED HAND GESTURE ROBOT ....................................... 71
Transformer Protection System with the Provision of Load Management and Alerts using GSM
................................................................................................................................................................ 72
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING FOR WIND TURBINE.............................................. 72
CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION Review ...................................................................... 72
MATLAB BASED CAR NUMBER PLATE RECOGNITION SYSTEM ...................................... 73
Effect of Wheat Straw Ash on Mechanical Properties of Concrete ................................................. 73
Strength Behavior of Fly Ash Based Cement Mortar At Elevated Temperature ........................... 73
USE OF OVERBURNT BRICK IN ASPHALT PAVEMENT......................................................... 74
Design and Fabrication of Hydraulic Ram Pump.............................................................................. 74
EFFECT OF AGGREGATES GRAIN SIZE ON MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF
CONCRETE .......................................................................................................................................... 74
Sustainable Application of Recycled Concrete in Reinforced Concrete Frame Elements in
Developing Countries............................................................................................................................ 74
IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSISOF DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
FORINDUSTRIAL LOADS ................................................................................................................ 75
TO INVESTIGATE THE PULL OUT BEHAVIOR OF PLAIN BARS IN NORMAL
CONCRETE .......................................................................................................................................... 75
Comparison of Performance of Basecourse Untreated and Lime Treated Aggregates at Varying
Moisture and Gradation ....................................................................................................................... 75
PI Controller Design for AC-DC Voltage Regulator and DC-DC Buck Converter ....................... 76
PI Controller Design for Voltage Regulator with Multi Inputs Using Synchronous Buck
Converter ............................................................................................................................................... 76
SMART ENERGY METER ................................................................................................................ 76
A SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK DESIGN AND DECISION APPROACH TO PRODUCT
DISTRIBUTION ................................................................................................................................... 77
Rehabilitation of Full Scale Brick Masonry Cavity WallBuilding ................................................... 77
SkinColor Detection Using GIE in Spatial Domain ........................................................................... 77
Performance Evaluation of MANET Routing Protocols in Various Network Environments ....... 78
Skin ToneDetection and Segmentation in Spatial Domain ............................................................... 78
Effect of Super-Absorbent Polymer on Basalt Fiber Engineered Cementitious Composite .......... 78
Survey on Driving Behavior and Motivational Factors Causing Raged Driving: A Case Study of
Peshawar, Pakistan ............................................................................................................................... 79
Use of Glass Fibers in Concrete Bridge Deckfor Enhancing Durability .......................................... 79
Multi Criteria Decision Making of a Proposed Transportation Intervention, A Case Study of
Rawalpindi Bypass ................................................................................................................................ 80
EFFECT OF ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE ON THE SETTING TIME OF CEMENT AT
VARIOUS TEMPERATURES ............................................................................................................ 80
Evaluation Of Drinking Water Quality Of Different Areas Of Lahore, Pakistan .......................... 80
Bandwidth Enhancement of Microstrip Antenna using Slots and Fractals with Stacked Patches81
Comparative Study on Compressive Strength of Concrete Using Brick Aggregates as Partial
Replacement of Stone Aggregates ....................................................................................................... 81
STABILIZING A FAILED SLOPE IN ISLAMABAD ..................................................................... 81
RIP and OSPF performance analysis using OPNET simulation ...................................................... 82
STUDY OF NEW AUSTRIAN TUNNELLING METHOD (N.A.T.M.) ......................................... 82
CASE STUDY OF FAILED SLOPE AT FIER-TEPELENA ROAD AND ITS REMEDIAL
MEASURES .......................................................................................................................................... 82
A Robust Motorbike Collision Avoidance SystemUsing Ultrasonic Sensors................................... 82
STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS 83
Device to Device Communications in 5G ............................................................................................ 83
BOND STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF DEFORMED BARS IN NORMAL CONCRETE............. 83
Evaluation of Compressive Strength of Concrete Confined with Plastic Bands ............................. 84
Use of Pet Bottles (Fibers) as a PartialReplacement of fine Aggregates in concrete. ..................... 84
Concrete production and quality control in building construction industry in Peshawar ............ 85
Home Energy Management System to improve Demand Response Intelligently ........................... 85
A Simple and Efficient Two Dimensional Redundancy Check for Error Detection ...................... 85
Fabrication of Large Scale Direct Shear Test Apparatus ................................................................. 86
Load Frequency Control of Micro Hydropower Plant Using Fuzzy Controller ............................. 86
Evaluating the effect of Nylon fibers In Self-Compacting Concrete ................................................ 86
SUBGRADE STABILIZATION USING CEMENT AND RICE HUSK ASH ............................... 87
Feasibility Analysis of Silica Fume and Recycled Aggregate for Production of Sustainable
Concrete ................................................................................................................................................. 87
Review on the Municipal Solid Waste Generation in Pakistan: A Viable Source of Revenue
Generation ............................................................................................................................................. 88
THE effectS of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER(sbr)
latex on mechanical properties of concrete......................................................................................... 88
Studying the effect of locally available additives on subgrade soil in water logged areas of KPK 89
Stress-Strain Relationship for Low Strength Confined Concrete under Compression .................. 89
A Comparative Path Loss Analysis of Gi-Fi Technology with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth ..................... 89
MODELING OF QUASI-BRITTLE MATERIALS USING DAMAGE PLASTICITY
APPROACH: A LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................ 90
Experimental Investigation of local scour dimensions around bridge pier ..................................... 90
Experimental Investigation of Relationship Between Modulus of Elasticity and Compressive
Strength of Low Concrete Strength Through Destructive and Non-Destructive Tests .................. 91
Strength development of High Strength structural Concrete using Ground Granulated Blast
furnace Slag as a partial replacement ................................................................................................. 91
Strength development of Binary cement concrete containing Pulverised Fly Ashas a partial
replacement of Portland cement .......................................................................................................... 92
A SIMPLIFIED METHOD TO DEVELOP BUILDING INVENTORIES FOR EARTHQUAKE
RISK ASSESSMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES UTILIZING LOW RESOLUTION
SATELLITE IMAGERY (LRSI). ....................................................................................................... 92
SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE ................................................... 93

APPROPRIATE BUILDING DESIGN FOR UCH AND OTHER CITIES OF SOUTHERN
PUNJAB ................................................................................................................................................. 94
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN DEVELOPMENT CONFLICTS & COMMUNITIES
SETTLEMENT ................................................................................................................................... 94
Organic Green Design features for Sustainability: Day lighting and Natural Views ..................... 95
Architectural Assessment of Cathedral Church of the Resurrection, a 19th Century Monument
located in Lahore................................................................................................................................... 95
Street Culture of the Walled City Lahore - A walk Down the Memory Lane................................. 95
URBAN PLANNING ............................................................................ 97

DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF URBAN OPEN SPACES IN ISLAMABAD (CASE
STUDY OF SECTOR F-6 AND F-11)................................................................................................. 98
Devising an Assessment Approach for Building Regulation Systems in Pakistan .......................... 98
Analytical Study of Urban Street Shopping in Lahore...................................................................... 99
Aitchison College, Colonial Built Heritage in Lahore city, Pakistan - A Case study...................... 99
Sethi House: Cultural Heritage ........................................................................................................... 99
Cracks in the urban built Environment A case study of Lahore city........................................... 100
An effective drainage system for underpasses .................................................................................. 100
Mapping Public Transport Density with reference to population: a case study for Rawalpindi 100
MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
1
BUILDING CUSTOMER LOYALTY THROUGH SERVICES CAPE IN PRIVATE
SECTOR BANKS IN PESHAWAR (PAKISTAN): THE MEDIATING ROLE OF
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
Sunil Chander (University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan)
Experiencing destinations of the world. Because of this reason parcel of investments are going on in
Pakistan and new players are entering the market. Banks are playing very vital role in the development of
economies of 21st centurys civilizations around the globe. And almost every business transaction whether
between organizations, customers, suppliers, brokers, investors, etc. is carried through the channel of
banks. Thus, many new and existing banks are competing to increase their customer base market share.
However the mushrooming growth of banks has posed lot of challenges. Services cape is conceptualized
as the physical environment which facilitates the banking operations and the environment where the
customers interact with banks. Pakistans rapidly growing private banking industry in KP Peshawar was
selected as a population a service is the core of service offering. Though, research on the role of the
service environment when creating experiences is still immature, and even less empirical evidence is
available that relates customers perceptions of value with services cape. The purpose is to focus on the
role of services cape as a driver of customer experience by analyzing its effect on satisfaction and
customer loyalty. Pakistan is experiencing exponential growth in the banking sector and financial
development Index consecutively ranked as one of the most promising financial under study and 180
customers were administered 5 point Liker scale, with the purpose to examine the prominent role of
ambient, design factor and social factor as dimensions of services cape and the customers' perceptions
regarding these factors in germinating their satisfaction and loyalty towards the banks respectively. SEM
technique was utilized to draw a path between the variables to test the relationship between variables. The
findings are that services cape is significantly associated with satisfaction of customers in the service
delivery process. Also customer satisfaction plays significant mediating role in the relationship between
services cape and retention of potential customer. Implications and new insights were drawn from the
findings to the existing body of literature regarding the banking business in the KP Peshawar jurisdiction.
It was concluded that banking sectors can germinate satisfaction and loyalty phenomenon of customers by
strategically utilizing the services cape factor as medium of customer attraction, satisfaction and retention.
EFFECT OF FAVOURTISM ON ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST: A CASE OF

PRIVATESECTOR BANKS IN PESHAWAR (PAKISTAN)
Naila Syed (City University, Pakistan, Pretty_nena88@hotmail.com), Mawara Hamid
The research presents the growing value of favoritism in organizations. The purpose of the study was to
examine the effect of favoritism on organizational trust in private division banks in Peshawar (Pakistan).
The information was gathered by means of study from the employees of 5 different private banks (Allied
Bank, Bank Alfalah, Faysal Bank, Habib Bank Limited and United Bank) working in Peshawar with the
help of a convenient sampling technique. For the sampling data collection we employed adapted
questionnaire. For the questionnaire, the participants were asked to rate the value of questions with
respect to their satisfaction level through five point likert scale. 200 close ended questionnaires were
distributed among the full time employees of the 5 private banks. In response, all the 200 questionnaires
were retrieved. Cronbachs alpha scored 0.738 for favoritism and 0.837 for organizational trust showing
the reliability of the adapted scale. For the relationship assumption the regression analysis was conducted
with the help of statistical software SPSS 20.0. The evaluation outcome provided that favoritism had
critical, negative effect on organizational trust in private sector banks of Peshawar, Pakistan.
2
IMPROVING PRIMARY EDUCATION IN PAKISTAN: AN EXAMINATION OF
THEIMPACT OF SCHOOL AUTONOMY ON CHILDREN LEARNING OUTCOMES
IN RURAL KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA PROVINCE,PAKISTAN
Bushra Rahim
The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of one of the system-level factors (delegation of
financial authority to public primary schools through Parent Teacher Councils (PTCs)) on learning
outcomes of primary school children in the Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (KP) province. The learning outcomes
were measured in three subject areas (Urdu, English and Mathematics). Three sources of data were used
for the purpose. These sources are: a) Education Management Information System (EMIS), which is
obtained from the Ministry of Education KP and is an official compilation of institutional data on
education b) Annual Status of Education Reports (ASER), which is a household based, citizen led survey
for evaluating the learning effectiveness of children of age 5-16 years; and iii) a specially designed survey
questionnaire used to compile information about PTCs and school quality from 222 public primary
schools in the KP Province. Preliminary results find that school size, separate classrooms and childrens
attendance are found to be significant in determining Urdu reading skills; whereas school size and
monograde schools are significant in determining English reading skills as well as numeracy skills. The
researcher recommendations based upon this study include the following: first, the government shall
focus on improving the quality of existing schools in terms of provision of requisite number of teachers,
and construction of additional classrooms. Second, Head Teachers shall ensure that children attend school
regularly so as to improve the educational outcomes of the students.
SELECTION CRITERIA OF ISLAMIC BANKS: A STUDY OF PAKISTANI

BANKINGCUSTOMERS
KashifAmin (Qurtuba University, Peshawar),QaiserAman
One of the emerging sectors in Pakistans economy is Islamic banking. A great window of opportunity
exists for the flourishing of Islamic banking. The current study addresses one of the most important
factors i.e. banking customer behavior towards Islamic banking. A sample of 200 respondents across
Peshawar has been selected in the study to unearth the impact of different factors that shapes the behavior
of the banking customer in selecting Islamic bank against conventional bank. Statistical test t-test, f-test
and ANOVA have been used for checking the association between the dependent and independent
variables. The findings suggest that religion and social influence plays vital role in selecting Islamic bank
over conventional bank.
ROLE OF HR PRACTICES IN EMPLOYEE RETENTIONS

Saqib Munawwar (NED University, Karachi, Pakistan, saqib@ieee.org)
The main aim of the paper is to investigate and determine the current human resource practices for the
retention of core, competent and high performing employees in an organization. It will assess the
relationship between Human Resource practices and retention. Market trends are shifting very quickly
and with this remarkable change, now organizations have realized the truth that keeping the quality and
correct number of work force could give them competitive advantage over their competitors. There are
five important HR practices i.e. career development, supervisor support, work environment, rewards and
organizational policies that influences employee retention directly.
3
ROLE OF HUMAN RESOURCE PRACTICES INEMPLOYEE RETENTION AND
TOSTUDY NEW TECHNIQUE OF RETENTION
Saqib Munawwar (NED University, Karachi, Pakistan, saqib@ieee.org)
Market trends are changing very rapidly and with this change, organizations have realized the fact that
keeping the quality and right number of work force could give them competitive advantage over their
competitors. The relation between HRM and retention of employees is the old one. Past few years has
been the most critical and tensed period for the telecommunication sector in Pakistan regarding the
retention of employees. The study of role of Human Resource practices in employee retention was based
on a survey of employees of a telecommunication sector i.e. PTCL and the employees of PTCL call
center and others were surveyed as well. This research has also been conducted to study the technique of
the employee retention i.e. job sculpting. The result depicts the positive relation between the HR variables
and employee retention and reveals that if employer designs jobs for their employees especially for the
experienced ones by keeping employees interest, expertise, skills in mind then employee works with
more interest and try to gives his/her 100% in their job.
FORECASTING ELECTRICITY ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN PAKISTAN.

RizwanFazal (Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan,
Rizwanfazal_15@pide.edu.pk), Abdul Basit, Hayat Shahid, KhairBux, AsadShahbaz, Atiqueur Rehman
This study outlined total electricity energy consumption and forecasting of its various components, using
secondary data from the time period 1991-2014. Increasing crises of electricity affect all sectors of
economy. Well-formed policy is needed to overcome the growing crises. For proper policy, it is crucial to
have reliable forecasts of electricity consumption.Holtwinter and ARIMA models are applied to forecast
total electricity consumption and its components. Error measure of both models confirmed that holtwinter
model is reliable for forecasting as compared to ARIMA. It is also found from the estimated results that
there is a continuous increasing tendency in all indices. The study also proposes various different ways to
reduce demand and supply gap.
IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY DIMENSIONS ON CUSTOMER

SATISFACTIONASTUDY OF TELECOM INDUSTRY OF PESHAWAR (PAKISTAN)
Shahzad Khan (University of Haripur, shahzadkhan@uoh.edu.pk), Muhammad Atiq,RafiqueKhattak,
Muhammad Nouman Habib
Service quality is crucial factor in customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is effected by service
quality dimensions. In order to make the customers satisfy every company strives to enhance its quality of
services. This research finds out the impact of service quality dimensions on customer satisfaction in the
telecommunication industry of Peshawar (Pakistan). A sample of 140 respondents was observed.
Research objectives and questions were developed, along with the hypotheses that were further tested and
analyzed. For analysis SPSS was used, with the help of SPSS 20 package was used, with the help of
which descriptive statistics Correlation and regression analysis results were obtained. The study figures
out that service quality has effect on customer satisfaction and that there exists a positive relationship
between service quality dimensions (except physical equipments). This research is concluded by gaining
the attraction of service providers towards improving their service quality to increase customer
satisfaction.
4
DERIVATIVES MARKET IN PAKISTAN: A SEARCH FOR A NEW TRADING
AVENUE
Fakiha Tariq (The University of Lahore, Pakistan, syeda.fakiha.gilani@gmail.com), Umair Khalid
Existing literature indicates that derivatives market is not an area of significant interest usage for research
in Pakistan. Behavior of traders and investors towards derivative is also subject to reluctance. The main
objective of the study is to cast light over the risks involved in derivatives market and spot market in
Pakistan. Specifically, it is about the quantification and comparison of price risk involved in futures
market and spot market. Trend analysis and multivariate time series analysis techniques are used to
quantify price risk among historical prices and with respect to oil prices respectively. Prices of sample
securities available at KSE and crude oil, gold and silver listed at PMEX are analyzed from the year 2007
to 2016. Review of related literature shows that the applied research strategy is unique of its type and
adds to the body of knowledge.
IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND CAPITAL STRUCTUREON

THE PROFITABILITY OF CEMENT AND STEEL SECTORS IN CHINA
Ahmed Shahzad (The University of Lahore, Pakistan, ahmedshahzad@uolcc.edu.pk), Umair Khalid,
Abdul Rauf
The basic and foremost aim of any business organization is to earn profits which are dependent on
different factors and policies. This paper primarily attempts to investigate the influence of working capital
policy and capital structure on the firms performance. Current Ratio is used as a proxy for working
capital management whereas Degree of Financial Leverage is used as the benchmark for capital structure.
Moreover, supplementary analysis is also undertaken to determine the impact of operating leverage and
firm size on the profitability which are measured by Degree of Operating Leverage and Total Assets,
respectively. Yearly financial data of 20 Chinese firms from the Cement and Steel sectors (listed at
Shenzhen and Shanghai Stock Exchange), ranging from 2011-2015 are obtained for the analysis. Panel
regression has been run to test the hypothesis. Furthermore, Chow and Augmented Dicky Fuller tests are
applied for diagnostic testing. Findings from the study have practical and academic implications.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL SILENCE

ANDORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF
ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
NaqibUllah Khan (Kohat University of Science, Pakistan), Asif Ahmad Shah, Muhammad Ishtiaq Khan,
WajidAlim
This study follows a model having OS as predictor variable, OCB as an outcome variable and OC as
mediating variable which has no evidence in the existing literature. To examine about this model 220
respondents were answered in lower level administrative staff of higher public sector educational
institutions in KP Pakistan. Already established instruments were used to measure the constructs of the
study. The data were passed through correlation and regression analyses. The results demonstrated
negative effect of OS on OCB which means that with increase in employees silence their involvement in
extra-role behaviors decrease. The results also find out that OC has a partial mediating effect between the
relationship of OS and OCB which means that with an increase in OC of employees the adverse effect of
OS on OCB decreases.
5
CAUSES OF OIL PRICE VOLATILITY AND ROLE OF USA; OVER THE PERIOD
FROM 1999 TO 2106.
Chaudhry Abdullah Imran Sahi (The University of Lahore, Pakistan, chabdullahsahi@yahoo.com)
This research investigates the causes of oil price volatility in recent times. This research further examines
role of USA regarding oil price volatility.Deductive approach used for this research. With respect to
research classification, it lies in explanatory research. Causes of oil price volatility examined with respect
to supply and demand ,Political events and economic events, dollar exchange rate .Brent Crude Oil Prices
used as dependent variable, while US crude oil production, dollar exchange rate use as independent
variables. Moderating variables added including Inflation Index, S&P 500 prices. Data for selected
variables used from January 1999 to June 2016 on monthly basis. Statistical tools used for analysis of role
of USA regarding oil price volatility. The result indicated that second bigger driver behind the oil prices is
the poor data of demand and supply. Other factors have short term and limited effect on oil prices.
Results of co-relation suggested that US oil production has significant negative co-relation with Brent
Crude Oil spot prices (BCOSP), which means that when BCOSP decline the supply of US oil production
enhances over the period from May -2014 to June -2016. While US $ exchange rate has significantly
positive co-relation with BCOSP over the period from May -2014 to June -2016.Finally results of
regression suggested that significant impact of dollar exchange rate, US oil production, inflation index
and S&P 500 prices on the spot prices of Brent Crude oil. Which further implies that 78.6% changes in
spot prices of Brent Crude Oil explained by independent variables including dollar exchange rate and US
oil production. This topic would be interest of wider audience with respect to oil exporting countries and
oil importing countries. As low Brent crude oil prices badly damage the oil exporting countries including
Russia, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. This research also useful for commercial banks and finance
companies investing in crude oil derivatives. This research would be helpful for common people in order
to understand the causes of oil prices volatility. This research is unique as it examined the role of US
dollar exchange rate and US oil production in volatility of Brent crude oil spot prices. This research
proves wrong analysis of Energy Information Administration (EIA) USA; titled "what drive crude oil
prices?EIA's research suggested geo political and economic events as major deriver behind crude oil
prices. Most research conducted on the topic of volatility of oil prices concerned with role ofOPEC and
geo political events in different parts of world.
DYNAMICS OF PROFITABILITY OF BANKS IN DEVELOPING ECONOMY (A CASE

OF PANEL DATA ANALYSIS)
Faisal Abbas (The University of Lahore, Pakistan, faisalabbaspcc@gmail.com), Shahid Iqbal, Bilal Aziz
This study analyzes empirically the focal indicators in the wake of the high return of banks for the period
2008-2013 as compared to last decades using balanced panel data set for 34 banks with 272 observations.
For analysis of panel data the best estimator that was developed by Arellano and Bover (1995) and
Blundell and Bond (1998) also named as GMM technique, so for better estimation GMM technique used
on the panel data through STATA software. Assets structure, leverage of banks, revenue diversification
following exogenous variables does not confirm as explanatory factors. Capitalization in banks holds
positive association with returns against assets while other bank specific variables liquidity, financial
structure and size are to be found significant. Macro specific variables inflation and rate of interest are to
be found negative and significant determinant while GDP have no effect on profitability of banks.
6
INFLUENCE OF ON JOB SATISFACTION: A COMPARISON BETWEEN BANK
EMPLOYEES OF DEVELOPED AND UNDERDEVELOPED CITIES
TayyabaRafiqueMakhdoom (University of Sindh, Pakistan, tmmakhdoom14@gmail.com), SeetalDaas
Employee startled by their bosses in organizations and a pleasing leader can influence the behavior of
subordinates towards achieving organizational goals. This study is conducted on Iowa states leadership
styles and sought to explore their effects on employees job satisfaction. Data for the study were collected
through close-ended questionnaire, composed of 16 items using four point Liker scale. Sample composed
of 120 employees of banks, 65 from Hyderabad city and 54 from Badin city. They were asked about their
job satisfaction and the type of leader in their organization; democratic, autocratic and laissez-faire. The
data were analyzed using SPSS in terms of Descriptive Statistics, Chi Square and Simple Regression.
Results indicate that Democratic and Laissez-faire styles both affect positively on job satisfaction while
Autocratic style affects insignificantly on job satisfaction of developed area. Whereas laissez-faire affects
positively, democratic insignificantly and autocratic has insignificant but negative effects on job
satisfaction in underdeveloped area. The highest satisfaction towards laissez-faire is signaling that
employees tend to be happy when they are free from the interference and strict eye of a boss. It can also
be concluded that employees of banks are satisfied by some other factors rather than the leadership styles.
DETERMINING THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND

ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICT: A
CASESTUDY OF TELECOM SECTOR PESHAWAR
Naila Syed, SaqibShahzad, Shahzad Khan
The study has been conducted to find out the impact of personality traits and organizational culture on
organizational conflict. The employees working in the telecommunication sector were treated as the
population of the study. The employees were selected randomly. 220 questionnaires were distributed
among employees. 207 filled questionnaires were returned back from these employees. The response rate
was 94 percent. Simple Random sampling technique was used for the study. Regression and correlation
tests were used to testify the hypotheses of the study. As per the results of regression analysis,
organizational culture was found to have significant effect on organizational conflict while personality
traits were found to have insignificant effect on organizational conflict.
RELATIONSHIP AMONG ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, REWARDS,

TECHNOLOGY AND KNOWLEDGE WORKERS PRODUCTIVITY MODERATED
BY TRAINING
Ameena Zahra
The measurement of a workers productivity has become one of the controversial topic nowadays, a new
dimension of the workers productivity i.e. knowledge workers has also emerged but has gained less
attention. To highlight this important concern organizations have started implementing focusing on the
knowledge workers productivity and its concerns. Many researchers have studied almost every
dimension of the workers productivity but very small amount of research is done on this newly emerged
field of workers productivity i.e. knowledge workers productivity.To understand what effects the
knowledge workers productivity this research aims to explore the impact of organizational culture,
rewards and technology on knowledge workers productivity. It further explores the mediating role of
knowledge sharing and moderating role of technology in exploring the major effect. This research adopts
a quantitative approach based on survey at FAST, Bahria and SZABIST Islamabad. The data was
7
collected through 139 postal questionnaires. The main concerns of this study were organizational culture,
technology, knowledge sharing, training and knowledge workers productivity. Employees that
participated in the survey showed that the variables are positively correlated. This research highlights the
future directions for this research and some recommendations to overcome the limitations of this research.
MODERATING ROLE OF INNOVATION IN ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE

WITH ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL LEARNING: A CASE STUDY
OFPAKISTAN RAILWAYS
Zunnoorain Khan (City University, Peshawar, Pakistan, zunnoorain@cusit.edu.pk)
The purpose of this study is to find out the moderating role of innovation in organizational resilience with
its impact on organizational learning. For current study we used self-administered questionnaires.
Organizational innovation has moderating effect on organizational resilience and results revealed that
organizational resilience has partial effect on organizational learning. The study provides empirical
evidence on the moderating role of creative innovation in organizational with its impact on organizational
learning in Pakistan railways. Results suggest us that those organizations who provide better environment
for learning has more innovation and progressive results.
IMPACT OF TALENT MANAGEMETN STRATEGIES ON

EMPLOYEESPERFORMANCE BEHAVIOUR IN TELECOMMUNICATION
INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN
Hussain, S. H., Khan, M. A.
The purpose of the study was to examine empirically the effect of talent management strategies on
employees performance behavior, through mediation of talent management outputs, in
telecommunication industry in Pakistan. Positivist paradigm had been used for the study. A structured
questionnaire was used to collect the data from a convenience sample of 200 employees of
telecommunication industry located in Rawalpindi-Islamabad area. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and
regression tests were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that talent management strategies
significantly and positively affect employees performance behavior; whereas the talent management
outputs mediate the relationship between talent management strategies and employees performance
behavior. The results provided new insight into the phenomenon of the study. It also offered opportunities
to management to plan and initiate appropriate interventions to foster employees performance behavior
for organizations competitiveness.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE

APPRAISALSATISFACTION WITH EMPLOYEES OUTCOMES: EVIDENCE FROM
HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES
Muhammad Naeem, Waseef Jamal, Muhammad Khan Riaz
Performance appraisal is one of the most important activities of human resource management. For an
organization to achieve its strategic goals the organization shall give due importance to the integral part of
HRM i.e. performance appraisal system which shall be regularly and properly carried out to evaluate the
performance of its employees. However, in Pakistan employees performance appraisal satisfaction is
rarely linked with employee outcomes. This study investigated the relationship of employees
performance appraisal satisfaction with self-reported work effort, affective organizational commitment
and turnover intentions. The data was collected from the academic and non-academic staff of higher
8
education institutes of Peshawar city. Being co-relational in nature, it has drawn a sample of 316 using
stratified random sampling procedures. The findings revealed that the employees performance appraisal
satisfaction is significantly and positively related with work effort and affective organizational
commitment. However, it has a negative relationship with employee turnover intentions which means that
higher the level of satisfaction regarding performance appraisal will lower intention to quit the current
organization. Furthermore, limitations as well as direction for future researchers have also been given.
IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON FIRMS

PROFITABILITY(ACASE OF CEMENT INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN)
Jabran Ahmed, Kauser Hayat
Workingcapitalmanagement can playavitalrole inenhancing profitabilityof thefirms. The optimal level

ofworkingcapitalcanachieved throughtrade-off between profitability andliquidity.Thisstudyanalyzesthe
impactofworkingcapital managementonprofitability of the firm in Pakistanfortheperiod2010to2015.Forthe
study,balancedpaneldataofseven cement manufacturing firmsearchwhich are listedontheKarachi
stockExchange(KSE)issued. Multipleregressionmodelswere usedtocheekthe association
betweenworkingcapital management andfirms profitability.The result
showsnegativerelationshipbetweenprofitabilityandaccountsreceivable in days
andcashconversioncycle,andapositive relationshipbetweenprofitabilityandinventory turnover andpayable
turnover.Onthebasis offindings itsconcludedthat the
managementcancreatevalueforshareholdersbydecreasingthenumber ofdaysaccountsreceivable and
increasingtheinventoryto level.Firmscanalso increase profitability byincreasingcreditor turnover by
improvingtheir relationshipswiththeircreditors.Businesscangainsunstainablecompetitive advantage
througheffectiveandefficient utilization oforganizationresources bycarefulreductionofthe
cashconversioncycle toitsminimum. By doing sothe profitability of the firmscan beincreased.
CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN PUBLIC EDUCATION SECTOR OF

PESHAWAR REGION
Syed Bilal Ahmad Shah, Muhammad Nauman Habib, Zunnoorain Khan
This study explores the existence and mechanism of a formal conict management system (CMS) in an
education sector. In particular, it explores the role of higher or top-level management practices of CMS to
resolve the conflicts within the organization. The study is based on qualitative research conducted in
public sector primary and secondary education of Peshawar region. Semi-structure interviews were
conducted with E&S officials across the organization. The case study demonstrates the central role of top-
level management and existence of any formal system of conflict management system in the education
department Peshawar. It highlights the hierarchical procedure to solve the conflict. Study also explored
about formal system for groups or unions to solve conflicts, but this authority holds director of education
at top-level management. Mechanism is involved on both levels (individuals and groups) for solution of
conflicts. CMS, Informal, role of arbitrator and mediator was found.
EXCHANGE RATE AS A DETERMINANT OF FLUCTUATION IN FOREIGN

EXCHANGE RESERVES: EVIDENCE FROM ECONOMY OF INDIA
Muhammad Tahir Khan, AdnanKhattak, Shahid Jan
9
This study explore the relationship and causality link between Foreign exchange reserves and Exchange
rate (nominal and real exchange rate) for economy of India using annual data, cointegration analysis. The
cointegration result point out that there is a long run relationship exists between Foreign exchange
reserves and Exchange rate, The result also point out that the causality direction goes from Nominal
effective exchange rate towards foreign exchange reserves while in relationship between foreign
exchange reserves and real effective exchange rate the causality link goes from foreign exchange reserves
towards real exchange rate. It means that Nominal effective exchange rate effect the Foreign exchange
reserves and foreign exchange reserves effect Real exchange rate.
MOTIVATION IN THEORY AND IN PRACTICE; A COMPARISON

Saman Mughal, Muhammad Nauman Habib, Zunnoorain Khan
The study aims to identify what motivation is and what are the factors that motivate different levels of
employees at different level. The study used qualitative method to collect the data 6 interviews were
conducted from different level of employees in service sector companies to identify the factors that they
think motivate employees and then matched to the different theories proposed by various authors like
Maslow hierarchy of need, Herzberg theory, hennery Fayol theory, Elton Mayos, goal setting theory,
expectancy theory etc. Research identify that interviewer said motivation is a driving force which enables
an employee to perform certain act or to achieve specific goal some factors which were common in the
interviews from 6 people that companies are using Theory Y and Goal Setting theory with the
combination of Maslow hierarchy of needs theory to motivate their employees and feels this combination
a suitable way to motivate employees to achieve their goals.
ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR

HIGHEREDUCATIONAL INSTITUTES
Muhammad Habib
Leadership has been a major topic of research for almost a century and has spawned thousands of
empirical and conceptual studies. Despite this level of effort, however, the various parts of this literature
still appear disconnected and directionless. In this research paper an endeavor has been made to address
the most important element of the organizations i.e. the leadership practices of public as well as private
sector higher educational institutions. To analyze and understand, practices are followed and up to what
extent. Two Higher Education Institutes were selected from public and private sector for analysis.
Though, focal points of the research revolved around the importance of leadership and its effectiveness
and its impact on the organization. First the analysis of two leaders were conducted separately to know
the leadership style, and other factors of leadership and then comparison has been done to check where
these two sectors differ and similar in their practice of leadership in accordance to the leadership theories.
Different methods of analysis and data collection were adopted so that the research covers all the aspects
and on the basis of research, brief idea about the leadership as well as to recommend some suggestions
where necessary.
THE EFFECT OF JOB INSECURITY ON JOB SATISFACTION AND

JOBERFORMANCE: MODERATING ROLE OF ISLAMIC WORK ETHICS
Muhammad Tufail, Amir Ishaque
By using the time lagged and multi sourced data research design, we examined the effect of Islamic
work ethics on job satisfaction and job performance. We also examined the moderation effect of IWE in
10
the relationship between job insecurity and job performance and job performance. Data was gathered
from 290 employees working in banks and other financial institutions in Pakistan. To collect the data
self-administered, close ended questionnaires were used. To analyze the data moderated regression was
used. Results reported that the job insecurity has negative impact on job satisfaction and job
performance. It was also confirmed that there is positive impact of IWE on job satisfaction. The
moderation effect of Islamic work ethics in relationship with job insecurity and job satisfaction and job
performance was found significant. The current study provides the first ever examination of moderating
role of Islamic work ethics in a relationship of job insecurity and job satisfaction and job performance.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPITAL STRUCTURE,

OWNERSHIPSTRUCTURE AND FIRM EFFICIENCY, EMPIRICAL STUDY OF
PAKISTAN
Muhammad Nisar Khan
The aim of the study is to examine the importance of efficiency in order to measure the performance of an
organization. The efficiency of the firm is very important for development and existence of organization.
This study further examines the relationship of capital structure, ownership structure and firm efficiency.
In order to measure efficiency of firm a very important model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA),
constant return to scale (CRS) is used to get the accurate figure of technical efficiency. The inputs
variables are total assets and total equity and outputs variables are total sales and net profit before tax are
used to measure technical efficiency. This study further studied the relationship of technical efficiency
with capital structure and ownership structure and found significant relationship between them. To obtain
the accurate results this study used different techniques such as correlation analysis, ordinary least square
regression analysis on a panel data of 100 non-financial companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange
(KSE-100) coving a time period of six years (2005-2010). The research study examine a significant
positive relationship between leverage, ownership concentrations, family owned ownership and firm
efficiency (technical). On the other the study found a negative relationship between managerial
ownership, institutional ownership and firm technical efficiency. On the bases of results and finding of
this study it can be argue that a significant relationship exist between capital structure, ownership
structure and firm technical efficiency in the context of Pakistan.
IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEES

PERCEIVEDPERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL
COMMITMENT
Nazim Ali
The objective of this study was not only to know about the relationship between transformational
leadership, perceived performance and organizational commitment but also to explore the mediating
effect of organizational commitment between the relationship of transformational leadership and
employees perceived performance. Data were gathered from 343 medical representatives of
multinational pharmaceuticals companies working in Pakistan. SPSS and Amos were used for data
analysis. The results revealed a significant relationship between transformational leadership and
employees perceived performance, transformational leadership and organizational commitment, and
organizational commitment and perceived performance. The results also explored that organizational
commitment partially mediated the relationship between leadership and employees perceived
performance.
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THE IMPACT OF EARNING VOLATILITY ON CAPITAL STRUCTURE:EMPIRICAL
EVIDENCE OF LISTED FIRMS ON PAKISTAN STOCK EXCHANGE. (A CASE
STUDY OF SUGAR & TEXTILE SECTORS)
Muhammad Ilyas, Adnan Ahmad, Shahid Jan
Researchers investigate the impact of earning volatility on capital structure in sample of 181 firms during
2010-2014. Select listed firms from textile and sugar sectors of Pakistan Stock Exchange. From the
results of the study demonstrate that there is significant impact of earning volatility and all control
variables on capital structure of these firms.
ARISING STUDENTS ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY

THROUGHENTREPRENEURIAL ATTITUDE ORIENTATION: EVIDENCE FROM
UNIVERSITIES OF PESHAWAR KP, PAKISTAN
Shahid Afzal (Kohat University of Science, Pakistan, afzals91@yahoo.com), Muhammad Wasif, Hafiz
Ullah, KaleemUllah,
This research paper empirically investigates the findings on the entrepreneurship attitude perspective of
the final year business management undergraduate entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs students of
Peshawar universities. Total 272 questionnaires were distributed among the students of four public and
private universities of Peshawar in KP, Pakistan. SPSS statistical software version 17.0 was used for the
data analysis. Study used T test for measuring the mean difference of entrepreneurial attitude
orientation towards entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs students of Peshawar KP, Pakistan. Result of
the study reveals that the mean of entrepreneurial attitude including (self-esteem, personal control,
innovation and need for achievement) of entrepreneurs and non- is not significantly different.
IMPACT OF TALENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON

EMPLOYEEPERFORMANCE BEHAVIOR WITH THE MEDIATING ROLE OF
TALENTMANAGEMENT OUTPUTS
Syed Hussain al-Hussaini (SZABIST, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan,
hossenhosseni@live.com),Muhammad Asif Khan
The purpose of the study was to examine empirically the effect of talent management strategies on
employees performance behavior, through mediation of talent management outputs, in
telecommunication industry in Pakistan. Positivist paradigm had been used for the study. A structured
questionnaire was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 200 employees of
telecommunication industry located in Rawalpindi-Islamabad area. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and
regression tests were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that talent management strategies
significantly and positively affect employees performance behavior; whereas the talent management
outputs partially mediate the relationship between talent management strategies and employees
performance behavior. The results provided new insights into the phenomenon of the study. It also
offered opportunities to management to plan and initiate appropriate interventions to foster employees
performance behavior for organizations competitiveness.
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EFFECT OF PROFESSIONAL SELF-EFFICACY ON BURNOUT WITH MEDIATING
ROLE OF CHALLENGE & HINDRANCE DEMANDS AMONG FACULTY MEMBERS
NasihaQazi (SZABIST, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan), KashifMahmoud
The aim of this study is examine the effect of professional self-efficacy on burnout using challenge &
hindrance demands. Although HEC, Pakistan, has implemented some tough policies in the last few years
aimed at improving the faculty members qualification, however, policies targeted at the emotional and
mental health of teachers as a result is still required. Multiple regression was carried out on a sample of
university faculty members (n=153) with diverse demographics, teaching in different universities situated
in Rawalpindi/Islamabad region. The results offer empirical evidence for the forecasting role of
professional self-efficacy on the faculty members opinion of challenge stressor (pressure) and
consequently the level of burnout. However no significant results were observed for hindrance demands
due to the faculty members high level of professional self-efficacy. Hence it may not always be a
favorable approach to endorse improved self-efficacy for the betterment of employees health, especially
where the organization is unacquainted with the probable unfavorable part of self-efficacy producing
burnout among employees. Similarly, the human resource policies and practices in terms of job design,
reward system, regular feedback and effective leadership can help employees in managing work
characteristics. The level of occupational stress among employees can be reduced through various
initiatives such as stress management trainings and workshops, managerial support and feedback. It is
imperative to confront the degree of burnout among employees so as to determine the type, level and
frequency of such programs to be implemented for the well-being of employees.
IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT ON EMPLOYEE

RETENTIONMEDIATED BY ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST
Ariba Khalid (SZABIST, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan, areeba.khalid2@yahoo.com)
In recent years, organizations recognize the significance of their human capital as it is a source of
various advantages. For this purpose companies hunt for reducing turnovers and bolstering employee
retention that has become an important challenge. Loyal and trustful employer/employee alliance will
help organizations to retain their potentially skilled employees. The Psychological contract fortifies this
employment relationship. It helps employers to understand the perceptual assumptions of their
employees thus giving them their expected needs to help them build commitment in exchange. The
basic aim of current study is to explore certain employer inducements under psychological contract and
analyze their impact on employee retention with the mediating impact of organizational trust. Multiple
regression, correlation analysis and sobel test was used to test the postulates through a survey using
questionnaires in banking sector of Pakistan. Findings show that psychological contract dimensions
have a significant connection with retention and organizational trust significant mediates between
professional growth, monetary rewards and stability, work-family and retention. This study attempts to
help organizations direct and keep productive employees through various strategies like building trustful
relationship and providing incentives like career opportunities, flexible job content, financial incentives,
cooperative social environment, work-life balance etc. to satisfy their expectations and in return getting
quality work performance to bring organizational success.
DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEE RETENTION:A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF

HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES PESHAWAR
Rafia Saeed Butt (City University, Peshawar, Pakistan, orchidgloss@yahoo.com)
13
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of retention factors in public and private sector
institutes. It identifies the factors which are effective in retention in private/public universities in
Peshawar. The universities which are selected for study are CUSIT and IMS, UOP.The study targeted the
faculty members of the higher education institutions (universities) by convenient sampling technique.
Questionnaires were used to collect responses; 200 questionnaires were floated to the faculty members of
one public and one private university. Out of 200 questionnaires, 100 responses were received. Results
are varied in both sectors but some major identified employee retention factors are Compensation,
Training and development, Supervisor support which are positively correlated. Effective retention
measures can bring positive results to enhance commitment of employees and ultimate towards their
organizations.
EMPIRICAL EFFECT OF EXTERNAL DEBT AND RELIEF IN DEBT SERVICING

ONPOVERTY IN CASE OF PAKISTAN
Muhammad Shahid (Govt. Post Graduate College Bhakkar, Punjab,shahidamir77@gmail.com),
Mahmood Shah, FarhatParveen
The research paper investigates the impact external debt and relief in debt servicing on poverty in case of
Pakistan by using time series data for the period of 1984 to 2012. ARDL technique to co integration is
applied to find the effect of external debt and debt servicing on poverty in short run as well as long run.
Further, to check the stability of the model CUSM and CUSM Sum of square tests are applied. The Error
Correction adjustment coefficient with negative sign shows highly significant of the model in short run as
well long run. The research concludes that external debt raises the level of poverty and relief in debt
servicing as a percentage of GNP reduces the level of poverty along with other variables in case of
Pakistan. All literature review I examined no one study which showed the negative effect of debt
servicing on poverty that debt servicing reduced the level of poverty in case of Pakistan while this impact
varies country to country and region to region.
EXPLORING AND VALIDATING BARRIERS TO CORPORATE

SOCIALRESPONSIBILITY IN SMES OF KPK USING SEQUENTIAL MIXED-
METHODAPPROACH
AamirNadeem (City University, Peshawar, Pakistan, emailpsh@gmail.com),Shahid Jan Kakakhel
Discussion on corporate social responsibility in context of SMEs is a recent phenomenon but satisfactory
work has been done on the issue in developed economies of the world. However, the concept has not been
extensively debated in context of developing regions like KPK. Similar to other countries, SMEs
constitutes a large part of the economy in Pakistan and provides employment opportunities to the masses.
The importance of SMEs for smaller and underdeveloped province like KPK is even higher because
large-sized organizations are mainly concentrated in comparatively developed provinces. Literature
suggests that business operations in line with CSR related activities can offer opportunities. However,
SMEs usually face barriers while entertaining CSR activities. This research specifically identifies the
barriers to CSR in SMEs around KPK province through deploying sequential mixed-method research
design. Qualitative phase of the research helped in exploring the main barriers faced by the
managers/owners of SMEs and in developing an instrument to be tested in quantitative study. A sample of
469 respondents filled the developed questionnaire and a total of 11 items on barriers of CSR were
examined through exploratory factor analysis. Three main factors were explored and named as;
situational factors internal barriers and external barriers. The findings from both the methods
almost portray a similar picture of the barriers and hence provide sufficient evidence of reliability and
validity.
14
THE ROLE AND IMPACT OF MERGER &ACQUISITION OF BANKING SECTOR
INPAKISTAN.
Kishwar Ali (University Of Lahore Islamabad Campus, Pakistan, kishwarmba@gmail.com), SatarBakhsh
This paper examines the financial performance of Five Pakistan's based retail banks that have been
through Merger and Acquisitions between 2004 to 2012. Both pre and post-mergers periods are divided
by taking two years prior to acquisitions announcement and two years after acquisitions announcement
using financial ratios of Liquidity, Profitability and Solvency in order to empirically determine whether
there is any significant financial performance changes in the operation of the sampled banks as a result of
acquisitions. Average ratios analysis have been carried out. The findings revealed that none of the
financial ratios found to be behaving abnormally both in the pre and post-merger periods. However, the
findings revealed that all the sample banks are excessively financed through debt-based financing that
increases solvency risk considerably.
CAPACITY BUILDING INTERVENTIONS TOWARDS EMPLOYEEDEVELOPMENT:

STUDY ON DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITIES
Hassan Matiullah Jan (University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan), Sheikh RaheelManzoor,
WaqasMujahid Shah
This research study analyzes the effect of capacity building interventions on employee development on
the staff members of Disaster Management Authorities of Pakistan and Khyber Pukhtunkhwa (KPK).
Several vibrant measures of capacity building practices were analyzed including training, technical
education, skills and transfer of information on employee development. The self-administered
questionnaires were distributed on cross sectional basis among the employees of disaster management
authorities of Pakistan namely, National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) Pakistan, Provincial
Disaster Management Authority Peshawar KPK, Provincial Reconstruction Rehabilitation and Settlement
Authority (PaRRSA) Peshawar KPK and Centre of disaster preparedness and management Peshawar
(CDPM).The collected data was analyzed by utilizing the SPSS software. There were total 150
respondents in which 115 male and 35 female respondents, who actively participated in the survey. The
researchers used multiple regression model in order to analyzed the effect of capacity building
interventions i.e. (training, technical education, skills and transfer of information) on employee
development. The result of the study shows that there is a significant positive effect of predictors on the
response variable. The study recommends that capacity building practices are very necessary for
employee development in order to enhance the organizational performance. Recommendations and Future
research areas are also included in this study.
FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP IN PUBLIC

SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS OF PAKISTAN: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF
WORKING CONDITION
Sheikh RaheelManzoor (Agriculture University Peshawar, Pakistan, Raheel_manzoor2000@yahoo.com),
ZeeshanZebKhattak, Hassan MattiUllah Jan
The study examine the effect of factors i.e. (collective bargaining, recruitment, remuneration,
communication) that effects employer-employee relationship with inclusion mediator i.e. workplace
condition. Primary data was collected via distribution of questionnaire amid supervisors, executives and
administrative staff members of four public sector organizations of Pakistan. For data analysis Liseral and
15
SPSS statistical software was used. For measuring construct validation of data collection instrument the
confirmatory factor analysis via structure equation model was checked and found all the models have own
significant loadings. For measuring direct and mediating effect study used hierarchal linear regression
model. The findings of the study indicates that collective bargaining, recruitment, communication and
remuneration have significant positive effect on employer-employee relationship whereas, workplace
condition partially mediates the relationship amid factor affecting employee relation i.e. (collective
bargaining, recruitment, communication and remuneration) and employer-employee relationship.
Theoretical implication and future area suggestions are also incorporated in the study.
THE DETERMINATS OF EXCHANGE RATE IN PAKISTAN; A

STRUCTURALEQUATION MODEL
NayabMudassir (City University Peshawar, Pakistan, nayabmudassir@gmail.com), Faisal Khan
The floating exchange rates are determined by market forces that is demand and supply US dollar which
is used in exports and imports trade. The theme of this study is to analyze the determinants of exchange
rate in Pakistan. The factors include in the study are import, export, foreign direct investment, work
remittance, and foreign borrowings for the time period 1974-2013. The data consist of annual time series.
To check the unit root of the data this study used ADF test which result in stationary at 1 st difference i.e. I
(1). Because of existence of endogenity among variables, the study followed the structural equation model
(SEM). The results shows that imports and external borrowing has significantly positive relationship with
exchange rate, while FDI and work remittance have significantly negative relationship with exchange
rate. The study concluded that government and international traders should decrease their level of imports
and external borrowing, while increase the FDI and work remittance to improve the worth of Pakistani
THE IMPACT OF FIRM SIZE ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF FIRM

Zain Ullah (City University Peshawar, Pakistan), Muhammad Asif Baloch, Abdul Waheed khan
The current study is an attempt to explore the impact of size on the profitability of firm. The study
investigated five industries i.e. cement, chemical, automobile electricity and food. The sample of 10
companies from each industry has been taken randomly. The data for analysis has collected from the
financial statement of the firms for 10 years from 2006 to 2015. The multiple regression analysis has been
used for exploring the relationship between size and profitability of firms. The findings reveal a
significant positive impact of firm size on profitability only in food industry while there is no significant
impact of firm size on its profitability.
ASSESSMENT OF ROOM FOR DEVELOPMENT IN PAKISTAN (AN ECONOMIC

PERSPECTIVE)
Jehanzeb (City University Peshawar, Pakistan)
The main theme of the current research is to find an answer to the question Is there any Room for
Development in Pakistan? Since Foreign Direct Investment is one of the important determinants of
development, hence the above question can be asked alternatively as How the FDI inflow can be
increased in Pakistan? Thus the main objective of the study is to find out the key determinants
influencing the development of Pakistan. So far as the research methodology is concerned, in this
regards, it is proposed that the main variable like the size of the economy, Developmental Level, Trade
Openness, Human Capital, and Trade Agreements have been focused. The data have been gathered for the
period of 1982-2015 for nine Asian countries from various International Sources of Economic Indicators.
16
For analysis of data, the correlation and regression model have been used. The results reveal that all the
variables under study have a positive impact on the FDI inflow/ Development, but the Trade Openness,
Trade Agreements, and Literate human Resource have significant positive impact on FDI inflow. It is
recommended on the basis of analysis results that Pakistan, in order to attract more FDI inflow, should
educate the labor force, remove the barriers to entry in Pakistan for business and relax the terms and
conditions of foreign trade.
IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON

EMPLOYEESJOB SATISFACTION
Afzal Ahmad (University of Haripur, Pakistan, Afzalahmad9191@gmail.com), M. AtiqRafiqueKhattak,
Shahbaz Ahmad
Since last five decades a number of studies have been done on the area of Human Resource Management
frequently. The impact of human resource management practices on employees job satisfaction has also
been judged for several times in many countries and organizations of the world. The existing literature
depicts that there is significant relationship between human resource management practices and
employees job satisfaction. This study is designed to investigate the effect of three major Human
Resource Management practices (Employee Recruitment & Selection, Employee Training &
Development and Employee compensation & benefits system) impact on Employees job satisfaction in
Pakistani context. Study analysis has been made over the thoughts of 73 respondents of two various
manufacturing companies employees. The study affirms the previous literature and is beneficial and
applicable to multiple other organizations too.
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND STUDENTS ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS: A

QUANTITATIVE STUDY
Taj Akbar (City University Peshawar, Pakistan, tajakbar.mphil@gmail.com), Muhammad Asrar,
Muhammad Younes, Anwar FazilChishti
This study aims at to find out whether parental involvement affects student academic scores and whether
or not childrens self-efficacy mediates between parental involvement and students scores. The candidate
explanatory variable Parental involvement (PI) is found statistically significantly contributing towards the
outcome variable Students score (SS); these results help us to accept hypothesis that parental
involvement positively contribute towards their childrens academic scores. Explanatory variable Parental
involvement (PI) is found statistically significantly contributing towards the mediating variable children
self-efficacy (SE); these results help us to accept hypothesis that parental involvement positively affects
their childrens self-efficacy. Explanatory variable Parental involvement (PI) and mediating variable
children Self-efficacy (SE) significantly and positively contribute towards childrens schooling scores
(SS); these results help us to accept hypothesis that parental involvement and children self-efficacy
positively affect students scores. Computations for direct and indirect mediational effects provide
estimates of parental involvement exert 86.61 percent direct effect and 13.39 percent indirect
(meditational) effect through mediator self-efficacy. Sobel test suggests that mediational effects of 13.39
percent are small but statistically significant.
17
MATHEMATICS &
COMPUTATION
18
ANALYSIS OFMIXED CONVECTION FLOW OF GENERALIZED MICRO
POLARFLUID OVER AN OSCILLATING PLATE VIA CAPUTO APPROACH
Syed AftabAlam Jan(City University, Pakistan), Farhad Ali, Ilyas Khan
This attempt intends to explore the fractional micro polar fluid in the presence of radiation over an
oscillating plate via Caputo derivatives approach. Exact solutions are obtained with the aid of Laplace
transform technique. Exact expressions for temperature, micro rotation and velocity have been presented
in terms of Wright function. The present solutions have also been particularized for Stokes first problem,
fractional viscous fluid and ordinary viscous fluid. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the fluid
motion are plotted and illustrated graphically. Finally, the numerical results for skin-friction, wall couple
stress and Nusselt number have been shown in tabular forms.
APPLICATION OF CAPUTO-FABRIZIO DERIVATIVES TO MHD

FREECONVECTION FLOW OF GENERALIZED WALTERS'-B FLUID MODEL
Muhammad Saqib (City University, Pakistan), Farhad Ali, Nadeem Ahmad Sheikh, IlyasKhan
The present article implies the idea of Caputo-Fabriziotime-fractional derivatives to magneto

hydrodynamics (MHD) free convection flow of generalized Walters'-B fluid over a static vertical plate.
Free convection is caused due to the gradient of temperature. Hence, heat transfers is considered. The
fractional model of Walters'-B fluid is used in the mathematical formulation of the problem. The problem
is solved via Laplace transform method. Exact solutions for velocity, temperature and concentration are
obtained. The physical quantities of interest are examined through plots for various values of fractional
parameter , Walters'-B parameter , magnetic parameter M, Prandtl number Pr and thermal Grashof
number Gr. As a special case, the published results from open literature are recovered.
MHD FLOW OF BRINKMAN TYPE NANOFLUID WITH HEAT TRANSFER IN A

POROUS MEDIUM
MadehaUzair
This paper provide an exact analysis of unsteady free convection magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flow of
Brinkman type fluid with nanoparticles embeded in a porous medium with variable surface velocity and
temperature. Three different types of nanoparticles of spherical shapes namely Copper (Cu), Titanium
oxide (T_{i}O) and Aluminum oxide (AlO) are suspended in water taken as convential base fluid. The
problem is modelled in term of partial differential equation with Boundary conditions. Graphical results
for different physical parameters such as Brinkman parameter, Grashof number, Volume friction,
Magnetic parameter are presented. Corresponding expression for skin friction and Nusselt number are
evaluated. The present solution are reduced to some well-known results in the published literature and are
found in an excellent agreement.
ARBITRARY WALL SHEAR IN HEAT TRANSFER ANALYSIS OF MHD CASSON

FLUID PAST A TILTED PLATE
Asma Khalid,SharidanShafie, Ilyas Khan (Majmaah University, Majmaah, ilyaskhanqau@yahoo.com)
Casson fluid is a shear thinning liquid which has dual nature. It behaves like a solid when a shear stress
applied is less than the yield stress and it starts to move when the applied shear stress is greater than yield
stress. Due to its dual behavior, this fluid is equally important in industry and engineering and hence is
19
chosen for the present work. More exactly, this article aims to examine the influence of an arbitrary wall
shear stress in heat transfer analysis of Casson fluid past a tilted plate. The fluid is electrically conducting
with uniform magnetic field. General solutions of the dimensionless governing equations with
corresponding initial and boundary conditions are determined using the Laplace transform technique.
Computational software Mathcad is used for plotting graphs for velocity. The rate of heat transfer is
measured in tabular form. For accuracy purpose, present results are compared with published results and
an excellent agreement is noted.
CHEMICAL REACTION OF MAGNETIC NANO MATERIALS WITH MAGNETIC

FIELD IN MIXED CONVECTION POISEUILLE FLOW OF NANOFLUID WITH
NEWTONIAN HEATING AND THERMAL DIFFUSION
Sidra Aman (City University Pakistan Sidraaman9@gmail.com ), Zulkhibri Ismail, MohdZukiSalleh, Ilyas
Khan
The combined effect of chemical reaction and thermal diffusion on MHD mixed convection Poiseuille
flow of magnetite nanofluid inside a vertical channel is investigated. The mixed convection is induced
due to external pressure gradient and buoyancy force which arises because of differences in temperature
and concentration gradients. Cylindrical shape Magnetite nanoparticles are chosen inside base fluid water.
A uniform magnetic field is applied in a transverse direction to the flow because magnetic eld induces
enhancement in the thermal conductivity of magnetite nanouid. The problem is modelled in terms of
coupled partial differential equations withMerkin/Newtonian heating boundary condition. After non-
dimensionalization, the problem is solved for analytic solution using perturbation technique. Solutions for
velocity, temperature and concentration are obtained and discussed graphically. Effects of different
parameters such as Hartmann number, Merkin number, Grashoff number, Soret number, radiation
parameter and volume fraction are observed on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. It is
investigated that velocity and temperature increases with increase in Merkin heating parameter because of
increase in heat transfer coefficient. Velocity increases with increasing chemical reaction parameter while
concentration exhibit a decrease. Velocity of ferrofluids decreases and temperature with an increase in
volume fraction . In limiting sense, the present results of magnetite nanofluid are compared with regular
fluid and it is observed that the regular fluid has greater velocity than magnetite nanofluid. The presence
of magnetite nanoparticles thickened nanofluid and acquiring lesser velocity as compared to the regular
fluid. The choice of cylinder shape nanoparticles is due to its applications in cancer nanotechnology.
THIN FILM FLOW OF MICROPOLARFLUID IN A POROUS MEDIUM WITH THE EFFECT

OF THERMOPHORESIS AND THERMAL RADIATION
ShakeelaAfridi (City University Pakistan, shakeelaafridi@gmail.com), TazaGul, Farhad Ali, Ilyas Khan
In this study, the thin film flow of micro polar fluid in a porous medium under the effect of
thermophoresis with heat and mass transfer past a rigid plate is analyzed. The plate is assumed to move
with a linear velocity and subject to the variation of the reference temperature and concentration. The
latitude of the flow has been limited to two dimensional and is steadily affected by sensitive fluid film
size under the effect of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation. The basic equations of the fluid flow
have been transformed through the similarity variables into a set of nonlinear coupled differential
equations with physical conditions. The modeling of the temperature field is quite different from the
published work cited in this article and clearly conferred in the result and discussion. The effect of
radiation parameter R , vortex-viscosity parameter , permeability parameter M r , micro rotation
20
parameter G r , Soretnumber Sr , thermophoreticparameter , inertia parameter N r , Schmidt number Sc ,
and Prandtl number Pr have been shown graphically and discussed.
EXACT SOLUTIONS FOR MHD UNSTEADY FLOW OF SECOND GRADE FLUID IN

POROUS MEDIUM WITH HEAT TRANSFER
Nadeem Ahmad Sheikh (City University, Pakistan,mathwise1990@gmail.com), Farhad Ali, Muhammad
Saqib, Ilyas Khan
In this article a problem describing an incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) second grade fluid
is analyzed. The fluid flow is subjected to an infinite oscillating vertical flat plate embedded in a saturated
porous medium. The fluid starts motion due to an oscillating boundary and temperature difference
between the plate and the fluid. Exact solutions are obtained using the Laplace transform technique. The
obtained solutions are expressed explicitly for steady, transient, thermal and mechanical solutions. It is
shown that previous results for a non-porous medium and hydrodynamic fluid are the limiting cases of the
present problem. The effects of different parameters for velocity are plotted and discussed physically.
SIZE EFFECTS OF MOS2NANOPARTICLES ON HEAT TRANSFER RATE IN MIXED

CONVECTION FLOW OF WATER-BASED MOLYBDENUM
DISULPHIDENANOFLUID
AaizaGul(UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, aaizagul@gmail.com), Ilyas Khan, SharidanShafie
In this article, our main concern was to know how the heat transfer rate increases by increasing the size of
MoS2 nanoparticles in the base fluid. More exactly, mixed convection flow of Molybdenum
disulphidenanofluids in the presence of thermal radiation was considered in a vertical channel with left
wall as static and the right wall oscillating. The fluid was flowing in a vertical direction parallel to the
channel. MoS2 nanoparticles of different sizes were suspended in water taken as conventional base
fluid.The problem was first modelled and then solved by using perturbation method. Results for velocity
and temperature were plotted and discussed. Rate of heat transfer was computed in tabular form. It was
found that the rate of heat transfer increased by 6.8when the size of MoS2 nanoparticles was increased
from 10 to 40nm at fixed volume fraction of nanoparticles. Heat transfer rate was also increased by
increasing volume fraction of MoS2 nanoparticles.
CHEMICAL REACTION OF MAGNETIC NANO MATERIALS WITH MAGNETIC

FIELD IN MIXED CONVECTION POISEUILLE FLOW OF NANOFLUID WITH
NEWTONIAN HEATING AND THERMAL DIFFUSION
Sidra Aman (Universiti Malaysia, Sidraaman9@gmail.com), Ilyas Khan, Zulkhibri
Ismail,MohdZukiSalleh
The combined effect of chemical reaction and thermal diffusion on MHD mixed convection Poiseuille
flow of magnetite nanofluid inside a vertical channel is investigated. The mixed convection is induced
due to external pressure gradient and buoyancy force which arises because of differences in temperature
and concentration gradients. Cylindrical shape Magnetite nanoparticles are chosen inside base fluid water.
A uniform magnetic field is applied in a transverse direction to the flow because magnetic eld induces
enhancement in the thermal conductivity of magnetite nanouid. The problem is modelled in terms of
21
coupled partial differential equations with Merkin/Newtonian heating boundary condition. After non-
dimensionalization, the problem is solved for analytic solution using perturbation technique. Solutions for
velocity, temperature and concentration are obtained and discussed graphically. Effects of different
parameters such as Hartmann number, Merkin number, Grashoff number, Soret number, radiation
parameter and volume fraction are observed on the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. It is
investigated that velocity and temperature increases with increase in Merkin heating parameter because of
increase in heat transfer coefficient. Velocity increases with increasing chemical reaction parameter while
concentration exhibit a decrease. Velocity of ferrofluids decreases and temperature with an increase in
volume fraction . In limiting sense, the present results of magnetite nanofluid are compared with regular
fluid and it is observed that the regular fluid has greater velocity than magnetite nanofluid. The presence
of magnetite nanoparticles thickened nanofluid and acquiring lesser velocity as compared to the regular
fluid. The choice of cylinder shape nanoparticles is due to its applications in cancer nanotechnology.
SIZE EFFECTS OF MOS2NANOPARTICLES ON HEAT TRANSFER RATE IN MIXED

CONVECTION FLOW OF WATER-BASED MOLYBDENUM DISULPHIDE
NANOFLUIDS
AaizaGul, Ilyas Khan,SharidanShafie(UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia,Majmaah University, Majmaah,
i.said@mu.edu.sa, sharidan@utm.my
In this article, our main concern was to know how the heat transfer rate increases by increasing the size of
MoS2 nanoparticles in the base fluid. More exactly, mixed convection flow of Molybdenum
disulphidenanofluids in the presence of thermal radiation was considered in a vertical channel with left
wall as static and the right wall oscillating. The fluid was flowing in a vertical direction parallel to the
channel. MoS2 nanoparticles of different sizes were suspended in water taken as conventional base
fluid.The problem was first modelled and then solved by using perturbation method. Results for velocity
and temperature were plotted and discussed. Rate of heat transfer was computed in tabular form. It was
found that the rate of heat transfer increased by 6.8when the size of MoS2 nanoparticles was increased
from 10 to 40nm at fixed volume fraction of nanoparticles. Heat transfer rate was also increased by
increasing volume fraction of MoS2 nanoparticles.
MHD FREE CONVECTION FLOW PAST A VERTICAL PLATE THAT APPLIES

ARBITRARY SHEAR STRESS TO THE FLUID WITH RAMPED WALL
TEMPERATURE
Arshad Khan (Sarhad University, KPK, Pakistan, arsh_math@yahoo.com), Ilyas Khan, Farhad Ali,
Samiul Haq, Sharidan Shafie
This article concentrates on the exact analysis of free convection flow of viscous fluid past a vertical plate
with arbitrary shear stress and ramped wall temperature. The fluid is considered to be electrically
conducting and passing through a porous medium. The equations governing the problem are first written
in dimensionless form and then solved for the exact solutions using Laplace transform method. The
graphs of velocity, temperature are plotted for various parameters of interest. It is found that velocity
decrease with increasing wall shear stress in both cases of ramped and constant wall temperature.
22
MATHEMATICAL MODELING APPROACH TO THE TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS
OF PINE WILT DISEASE WITH SATURATED INCIDENCE RATE
Kamil shah
In this paper, we proposed the mathematical model of the pine wilt disease with horizontal transmission
and nonlinear incidence saturated incidence rate. We have taken three class for human population known
as susceptible, exposed, infected, and three class for vector population susceptible, exposed and infected.
The stability of the model is determined by the basic reproduction number R0. The disease free
equilibrium is both stable locally and globally whenever, R0< 1. If R0 > 1, then the endemic state is
stable both locally and globally. Further, a brief discussion with conclusion on the numerical results of the
proposed model is presented.
A MATHEMATICAL STUDY OF PINE WILT DISEASE WITH VARIABLE

POPULATION SIZE
Muhammad Rezwan
In this paper, we proposed the mathematical model of the pine wilt disease with horizontal transmission
and nonlinear incidence saturated incidence rate. We have taken three class for human population known
as susceptible, exposed, infected, and three class for vector population susceptible, exposed and infected.
The stability of the model is determined by the basic reproduction number R0. The disease free
equilibrium is both stable locally and globally whenever, R0< 1. If R0 > 1, then the endemic state is
stable both locally and globally. Further, a brief discussion with conclusion on the numerical results of the
proposed model is presented.
STOKES FIRST PROBLEM FOR CASSON FLUID OVER AN INFINITE PLATE

AtaUrRahman, Samiulhaq, Munsif Ali, Farhad Ali (City University, Pakistan,
farhadaliecomaths@yahoo.com)
The present article reports the unsteady flow of Casson fluid. The governing equation of the flow is
modelled in terms of partial differential equation along with appropriate initial and boundary conditions.
Exact solutions are obtained via Fourier transform technique which satisfy the governing equation and all
imposed initial and boundary conditions. These solutions are reduced to the similar solutions
corresponding to the motion of Newtonian fluid over an infinite plate, by making Casson parameter
. Finally, the flow behavior of Newtonian and Casson fluids over an infinite plate is graphically
determined.
STOKES SECOND PROBLEM FOR CASSON FLUID OVER AN INFINITE PLATE

Munsif Ali, Samiullah, Farhad Ali (City University, Pakistan, farhadaliecomaths@yahoo.com)
The unsteady flow of Casson fluid over a plane wall, which is initially at rest and the plate suddenly starts
oscillation in its own plane is studied by mean of Laplace transform method or Fourier transform method.
The solutions are obtained as a sum of steady and transient solutions, which satisfy the governing
equation and all impose initial and boundary conditions. Comparison of the solutions are obtained by two
transform methods for flow considered is given. The transient parts are found in terms of definite
23
integrands whose integral are oscillatory function. Finally these solutions are graphically shown and
discussed.
CHANNEL FLOW OF A MAXWELL FLUID THROUGH A POROUS MEDIUM IN

THE PRESENCE OF MAGNETIC FIELD
WaqasZahir, Samiulhaq, Farhad Ali(City University, Pakistan, farhadaliecomaths@yahoo.com)
The flow behavior of Maxwell fluid in the presence of magnetic field and passing through a porous
medium between two parallel walls perpendicular to the plate is examined. The flow is developed by the
bottom plate that exerts shear stress of the form f sin(t ) or f cos(t ) to the fluid. Joint Fourier and
Laplace transforms technique is used to calculate the equations for velocity field and the related shear
stress. Exact solutions for the velocity field and the related shear stress are obtained. They fulfil initial and
boundary conditions. The side walls have great impact on the motion of the fluid in the middle of channel.
Solutions consequent to the non-existence of side walls are recovered. Similar solutions for hydrodynamic
flow in the absence porous of medium are calculated as limiting cases of our general results. Finally the
time required to attain the steady state is determined through graphs.
APPLICATION OF CAPUTO-FABRIZIO DERIVATIVES TO MHD FREE

CONVECTION FLOW OF GENERALIZED WALTERS'-B FLUID MODEL
Muhammad Saqib, Farhad Ali, Nadeem Ahmad Sheikh, IlyasKhan (Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia)
The present article implies the idea of Caputo-Fabriziotime-fractional derivatives to magneto

hydrodynamics (MHD) free convection flow of generalized Walters'-B fluid over a static vertical plate.
Free convection is caused due to the gradient of temperature. Hence, heat transfers is considered. The
fractional model of Walters'-B fluid is used in the mathematical formulation of the problem. The problem
is solved via Laplace transform method. Exact solutions for velocity, temperature and concentration are
obtained. The physical quantities of interest are examined through plots for various values of fractional
parameter , Walters'-B parameter , magnetic parameter M, Prandtl number Pr and thermal Grashof
number Gr. As a special case, the published results from open literature are recovered.
THE ANALYSIS OF TIME DEPENDENT THIRD GRADE FLUID IN WIRE COATING

WajihaShayan (City University, Pakistan, Wajihabukhari99@gmail.com), Taza Gull, Farhad Ali
The analysis of coating in annular die for an oscillating wire has been studied in this work. Two different
schemes of coating (i) classical scheme and (ii) straight annular die scheme have been analyzed. The
differential type non Newtonian fluid of third grade has been used as a base fluid in its unsteady state. For
the protection of wire and for its long life more complex fluid is used comparatively Shah et al. Some
suitable dimensionless variables have been used to transform the nonlinear partial differential equations
with physical boundary conditions into a set of non-dimensional equations. The solution of the modeled
differential equation is obtained by using a semi numerical technique known as Optimal Homotopy
Asymptotic Method (OHAM).This method containing unknown convergence controlling parameters
which is more efficient and fast convergent. The influence of physical parameters like amplitude a ,
frequency parameter of the oscillating wire, non-dimensional time parameter t , non-dimensional
R
parameter d , material constants and of the second grade and third grade respectively has
Rw
been plotted and discussed. The numerical results at different time level and at different domain have
24
been computed in tables. It is investigated that the wire protection is very essential and it is possible if the
coating fluid is more complex and flexible. The flexibility of coating is also essential for its daily life
uses. This effort also prolongs the idea of OHAM to the solution of non-linear partial differential
equations.
25
COMPUTER SCIENCE& IT
26
SCHOOL LEADERSHIPS TECHNOLOGY READINESS FOR ICT INTEGRATION IN
SCHOOLS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES LIKE PAKISTAN
Ali Gohar Qazi (Developments in Literacy, Islamabad, aligohar@dil.org), Y. Mustafa, S. Sheikh
The considerable investment have been making by Government of Pakistan in the integration of
Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in education for several years. However, a little
work has been done in investigating and examining the technology readiness of stakeholders such as
school leaders (principals and vice principals) regarding the use of ICT in their schools. This paper
measures the school leaderships technology readiness (TR) and the demographics effect on it.The
Technology Readiness Index (TRI) developed by Parasuraman (2000)was used to measure the technology
readiness of school leadership in Pakistan. In this study, a sample of 90 principals and vice principals
participated. The data for this research was collected through a survey questionnaire, interviews, and
focus group discussions. This study revealed that the overall technology readiness level of school leaders
was moderate (mean: 2.86). Also, there was a significant difference between technology readiness and
gender found which demonstrated that male populationhad higher technology readiness than females.This
study contributes to the existing literature and suggests that successful integration of ICT in Schools
depends more on school leaderships technology readiness level as well as their positive attitudes towards
ICT.
SERVICE ORIENTED ARCHITECTURE (SOA) VULNERABILITIES IN WEB

APPLICATIONS AN OVERVIEW
Aamir Anwar (Bahria University Islamabad, aamir.msse@gmail.com), Navid Ali Khan, Barkat Ullah
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is considered as most innovative technology of the past decade. The
main reason for its success is, ability to interoperate and integrate heterogeneous systems. The objective
of SOA is to minimize the dependency among interacting systems or sub-systems. Besides its qualities,
SOA is inherently insecure and vulnerable to security threats. The basic reasons behind its weakness is,
weak building blocks and poor service construction. This study focuses on the effectiveness of tools and
techniques proposed in the literature to detect web-service vulnerabilities. Moreover, the paper proposes a
method to evaluate the correctness of web vulnerability scanners. The main building blocks of web-
services are: Web Service Description Language (WSDL), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP),
Universal Description and Definition Interface (UDDI) and XML. This research addresses web-service
vulnerabilities related to WSDL document, SOAP messages and XML.
A SURVEY ON WSN-BASED FOREST FIRE DETECTION TECHNIQUES

Waqas Ali (Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan), Abdullah, Ishfaq-ur-Rashid
In this paper, we will present a survey on existing studies of forest fire detection system. Every year,
thousands of forest fires across the world cause disasters including thousands of hectares of forests and
hundreds of houses. There are various methods that are implemented in this area. We will explain in
detail the advantages and disadvantages of each method. And at the end we will show the comparison
between the methods that are used for forest fire detection system.
27
CRITICAL CHALLENGES FOR REQUIREMENT IMPLEMENTATION IN CONTEXT
OF GLOBAL SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE
REVIEW PROTOCOL
Muhammad Yaseen (University of Engineering & Technology, Peshawar, Yaseen_cse11@yahoo.com),
Abdullah
Success requirement implementation leads to success delivery of software.There exist a lot of challenges
in success implementation of Requirement Engineering (RE) process especially when we talk about
Global Software Development (GSD). This research is to find challenges and barriers in path of RE in
context of GSD. The objective is to find and analyze the challenges during RE process in the context of
GSD. We have used Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach to achieve our objectives. SLR
protocol is developed. Expected output of this study is to list out all challenges which the stakeholders are
facing in implementing RE in the context of GSD through SLR. This paper presents detail of protocol and
its execution method.
THE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MANET PROTOCOL UNDER VARYING

PAUSE TIME AND SIMULATION AREA
Salman Tahir (IBMS, Peashawar,salman89.itec@gmail.com), Mohib Ullah, Rafiullah Khan
The efficiency and reliability of ad-hoc network depends on routing protocol. To develop a dynamic
protocol in such a way that it efficiently find the route between the communication entities. To
accomplish such a network a different routing protocol has been proposed and implemented. Before
selection a particular protocol, performance evaluation is the key steps. This paper is focusing on the
performance evolution of two protocols AODV and DSDV for different pause time and different terrain
size. The performance of the two protocol are measured through Average Throughput, average PDR and
Average end to end delay and Normalized routing load. NS-2 is used as the main simulator tools. The
simulation results shows that the performance of AODV is better in term of throughput with varying
pause time and variant area.
IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF NODE DENSITY OVER FSR AND DSR

Jamila Khan (IBMS, Peshawar, jameelakhan67@yahoo.com), Rafiullah Khan, Mohib Ullah
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a set of mobile nodes that are capriciously placed thus the
interconnections among nodes be dynamically varying. A routing protocol is used to locate routes
involving mobile nodes to assist communication inside the network. The foremost purpose of such an ad
hoc network routing protocol is to ascertain accurate and competent route with a couple of mobile nodes.
Route ought to be uncovered and maintained with a least of overhead and bandwidth use. There are
numeral routing protocols were projected for ad hoc networks. It is quiet complicated to evaluate all of
the protocols. This paper presents performance estimation of two different routing protocols i.e. Dynamic
Source Routing Protocol (DSR), and Fisheye State Routing (FSR) with admiration to uneven pause times
and node density. Performance of DSR, and FSR is determined on the basis of Average end-to-end delay,
Throughput and routing overhead. Based on the simulation outcome FSR execute well compared to DSR.
SECOND EYE OF BLIND (A SMART SYSTEM FOR BLIND PEOPLE)

Muhammad Bilal Shaikh (University of Sindh, Jamshoro, mbilal.shaikh@usindh.edu.pk), Mehak Marium,
Momina Qazi
28
With our aging population, visual impairment is becoming more common. We propose a system for
visually impairment people that provides accessibilities for visually impaired to answer day to day
challenges through technology enabled options. Security through global navigation for blind person
would help the guardians in monitoring the subject. Through OCR smartphones enables subject to listen
the text of the book via speakers. Easy communication through phone calls, SMSs via voice commands
without asking anyone. Entertainment and productivity features are focus areas which can enable blind
people towards a bold life. We have established a prototype setup through online website and android
application. Our proposed work has enabled a sense of joy in these blind & visually impaired people.
Initially we started our project with a limited scope but as per the success and impact of this project, we
explored to innovative ways of serving the blind community. Therefore For now we can conclude if we
completed this project planned though it requires substantial funding which we are gaining from various
sources and other thing is human passion which is in abundance with our team. Second of Blind is leading
with a vision for blind peoples destiny using latest technology.
PERSONAL SOFTWARE QUALITY ASSURANCE: A NOVEL APPROACH FOR

PROCESS IMPROVEMENT
Muhammad Bilal Shaikh (University of Sindh Jamshoro, mbilal.shaikh@usindh.edu.pk), Sobia Mansoor,
Dill Nawaz
The Personal Software quality assurance (PSQA) is a process to ensure the quality of software
development life cycle personally (individually). The Personal Software quality assurance will provide
the way to engineering and business which will help users in software process improvement with quality
of any project personally. Through some case study and academia research, we investigated the proposed
theory. The PSQA is designed to help engineers as well as students to improve and assure their work,
measure their quality performance, and increase the quality of product. The proposed framework provides
the concept of individual software quality assurance training in both business and engineering and show
quality result in industry. We present different approaches for future research from researchers in
engineering and business.
PROFESSIONAL STATUS OF BIOINFORMATICS: A PAKISTANI PERSPECTIVE

Anas Mohammad Jawarneh (University of Sindh, Jamshoro, an_jawarneh@yahoo.com), Azhar Ali Shah,
Zain-ul-Abdin Khuhro, Shahzad Ahmed Memon
Bioinformatics is what the new biology 21st century biology means to be in order to deal with the
processing, management and retrieval of information in living systems. The innovation of DNA
sequencing has resulted in a host of sequencing projects producing torrents of data. Proper storage,
management and processing of data resulting from sequencing projects require trained and skilled human
resource. This demand for trained and skilled human resource calls for the need of Bioinformatics to be
a separate and vital field of study. Recognizing this need, many countries have already taken initiatives
for the promotion of Bioinformatics field at various practical and scientific stages.
This study investigates the current status of Bioinformatics profession by evaluating degree level
academic programs, regulating bodies, funding and job opportunities, human resource and research
communities in Pakistan and compares it with international counterparts. The study has been carried out
by following rigorous scientific methodology in terms of quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data
collected from various online resources. Special focus has been given on the investigation of standard
requirements for Bioinformatics profession and its comparative analysis at national and international
level. Findings of this research are aimed at providing statistically valid source of information to
29
academic communities, government, public and all other stakeholders involved in prospective policy and
decision making for the improvement of Bioinformatics profession.
A SYBIL ATTACK DETECTION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Waqas Ali, waqasawkum6@gmail.com
Wireless Sensor Networks consist of resource constrained small sensor nodes deployed to gather
important information about an area of interest. The ability of these networks to monitor remote and
hostile locations has attracted a significant amount of research over the past decade. As a result of this
research, WSNs have found their presence in a variety of applications such as industrial automation,
habitat monitoring, healthcare, military surveillance and transportation. These networks have the ability to
operate in human-inaccessible areas and collect data on an unprecedented scale. However, they
experience different technical challenges at the time of deployment as well as operation. Most of these
challenges emerge from the resource limitations such as battery power, storage, computation, and
transmission range, imposed on the sensor nodes. Energy conservation is one of the key issues requiring
proper consideration. The need for energy efficient routing protocols to prolong the lifetime of these
networks is very much required. Moreover, the operation of sensor nodes in an intimidating environment
and the presence of error prone communication links expose these networks to different security breaches.
As a result, any designed routing protocol need to be robust and secure against one or more malicious
attacks. This thesis aims to provide an effective solution for minimizing the energy consumption of the
nodes. The energy utilization is reduced by using efficient techniques for cluster head selection. To
achieve this objective, cluster-based routing protocols are proposed. The selection of an optimal
percentage of cluster heads reduces the energy consumption, enhances the quality of delivered data and
prolongs the lifetime of a network. Apart from energy conservation issue, this thesis also aims to provide
a robust solution for Sybil attack detection in WSN. In Sybil attack, one or more malicious nodes forge
multiple identities at a given time to exhaust network resources. These nodes are detected prior to cluster
formation to prevent their forged identities from participating in cluster head selection. Only legitimate
nodes are elected as cluster heads to enhance utilization of the resources. The proposed scheme requires
collaboration of any two high energy nodes to analyze received signal strengths of neighboring nodes.
APPLYING SPL APPROACH TO PRODUCE HIGH QUALITY SMARTWATCH

APPLICATIONS
Nazakat Ali (Chungbuk National University Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea,
nazakatali@selab.cbnu.ac.kr), Jang-Eui Hong
Nowadays, the demand of smart watch is very high and it becomes a necessity of life in the era of the
digital world. However, prevailing smart watches do not fulfill the demands of various stakeholders that
enforce them to develop their own smart watches. After all, developing a new product from scratch is
tedious and costly. The demand of smart watch is increasing day-by-day. Hence, it is very important to
apply an effective technique that would permit the development of quality products in a speedy way and
would cope with current problems. In technical and social views; the price of smart watches is increasing
while regarding application area, interconnection with other mobile devices also likely to introduce
security and privacy issues. To address these problems, we have introduced the SPL approach for the
development of smart watch and also we have identified the architectural drivers such as privacy,
flexibility, evolvability, variability, availability, and performance in our SPL approach in order to develop
quality products. Feature modeling approach is used to model the variabilities and commonalities while
for architecture designing orthogonal variability model is utilized. The SPL for smart watch development
30
can provide high satisfaction of stakeholders needs as well as high extensibility of smart watch
functionalities.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF UNI-MODEL AND MULTI-MODEL BIOMETRIC

SYSTEM USING IRIS
Kashif Saleem (City University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar)
With the increase use of internet in every organization, there is a need for such a system that provides
more and more security. Different techniques can be used for the security purposes like password, card
and biometric system. Biometric technology improves the percentage of accuracy for persons
identification as compared to other technologies like token, passwords, PIN. In the biometric system,
there are different traits i.e. ear, fingerprint, iris, face geometry that can be used for security purpose. In
all of the biometric traits, iris is one of the stable traits that have been used widely for human recognition
in different applications. In this paper, the comparative study has been performed of biometric traits in
both uni-modal and multi-model system. The study shows that iris fusion with face by using local binary
pattern and gabor filter provides more secure system.
AN EMPIRICAL STUDY FOR HEART DISEASE PREDICTION USING DATA

MINING
Bilal Khan (City University, Peshawar, bilalsoft63@gmail.com)
Everyday premise healthcare industry produces tremendous measure of information of their patients
records related to their diseases and treatments, which creates large amount of data. Rising access to
massive datasets, and Parallel demands to examine these data has led to the development of novel
approaches to exterminate hesitation from data. Diseases rate is rising day by day due to life vogue and
particularly heart diseases are becoming more common recently. As per report of the World Health
Organization (W.H.O) it is found that in each three adults one is found ailing having heart problem. A
large number of data mining techniques are used for prediction of Heart Diseases, but still the major
problem is the uncertainty factor in the data. Another problem is the bulky amount of data/information
created in healthcare industry is still not utilized properly. There is need to develop a decision support
system for the prediction of large amount of datasets, which are generated by healthcare organizations. In
this paper the recent data mining techniques are analyzed on the basis of datasets taken from UCI learning
repository.
OPTIMAL HANDLING STRATEGY OF HADOOP SMALL FILE STORAGE FOR BIG

DATA
Sheraz Ahmed (City University, Peshawar, sherazdotahmed@gmail.com)
Data is being collected and warehoused in large amount from different sources like Social Networks,
grocery stores, e-commerce, Bank/Credit Card transactions and web data, which is referred to as Big
Data. Big Data is similar to small data, but bigger in size, which requires different approaches,
Techniques, tools and architecture to solve new problems or old problems in a better way. Big Data
generates value from the storage and processing of very large quantities of digital information that cannot
be analyzed with traditional computing techniques. Walmart handles more than 1 million transactions
each hour. Facebook handles 40 billion photos from its user base. E-gaming systems support millions of
concurrent users, each producing multiple inputs per second.The data processing platform Hadoop was
introduced at the right time when there was a need to control the big data. The HDFS is used to control
31
big data which is the major advantage of this framework. HDFS gives the programmer unlimited storage
and is the only reason behind turning to Hadoop. But when it comes to storing lot of small files, there is a
big problem. HDFS is capable of handling large files which are in GBs or TBs in size.Another main
problem with small files in HDFS is the amount of memory used by the Namenode to manage these files.
HDFS does not differentiate a small file from a large file and hence stores the same amount of metadata
regardless of the file size. This paper discusses how current day storage systems will cope with the needs
and challenges of big data applications.
PASHAPP A USER FRIENDLY PASHTO TEXT EDITOR

Sarwar shah khan (City University Peshawar, sskhan0092@gmail.com)
Thousands of languages are spoken around the world, each language has its own importance in their
community. Every community is trying to promote their language via writing books, newspapers, and
poetry in their language. Pashto is one of the main languages of Pakistan, Afghanistan and about 60
million of Pashto speakers are dispersed around the world. Even Pashto is national and official language
of Afghanistan. The importance of the Pashto language lead to introduce an application for Pashto
language, just like a number of applications available for Urdu, English and even for all major languages
of the world. In this paper we introduced an offline Pashto Editor PashApp for writing Pashto language
and provide markups facilities during writings after analyzing the drawbacks or the services not available
in online or offline Pashto editors. We developed PashApp in Java. The application is analyzed by
comparative analysis using the available Pashto editors and analyzed different features provided by
PashApp using task based questionnaire. The study includes 20 Pashto speaking volunteers by simple
random sampling technique. After comparative analysis and task based questionnaire about PashApp. The
results show high user satisfactions for the features provided in the developed PashApp for Pashto
language. The application is an offline editor available for free and covers all basic operations for writing
a language.
A SURVEY OF DATA MINING CLASSIFICATION FOR HUMAN CHRONIC

DISEASES.
Atif ullah (City University, Peshawar, atifullahmscs@gmail.com)
Human Chronic Diseases detection and Analysis achieved by the help of many processes and
methodologies. In Conventional method the patient disease processed by using the symptoms, previous
knowledge and experiences of the medical reports. Demanding the accurate result, patient information
accuracy is an inadequate for the treatment. For achieving the better prediction an Artificial intelligence
playing the key role as a full trained doctor predict the chronic and specific diseases effectively. Data
mining is a step by step pre-defined process to achieve the required patterns inside the data. Some
classifier algorithms which predication accuracy rate is depend on the nature of the task. However, using
the benefits of data manning, prediction of the chronic diseases pain strength level using, Frequent Pattern
tree (FPT) to achieved better pattern predication. Predicating the Early stages of Breast Tumor Cancer
through Support Vector Machine (SVM), Logistic Regression (LR) & Decision tree, SVM prediction
performance is better. Ovarian Cancer are deathly issues which mostly effecting the population of the
world, Decision Tree (C&RT and CHAD) method is very effective in early stages of the ovarian cancer
genes. Literature studies identified that these methods are more capable than other methods.
32
SEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF RBC AND WBC IN BLOOD USING
KNN
Mustaqeem (Islamia College University Peshawar, Mustaqeem306@yahoo.com), Asad Ullah
The objective of the paper is to present the blood cells classification method to develop an automatic
differential blood smear count system. To perform proper identification of the disease, the blood samples
must be known for identification. The counting and analysis of blood cells provides a useful information
to the pathologist, for finding the infection and its action. The proposed system consists of two automatic
steps: segmentation of blood cells and Classification of blood cells. Different features of cells are then
extracted from the image. From these features, database is created and with the help of this database, set
of test images and kNN algorithm is used for learning, and classification. Experimental results have
shown the effectiveness of system.
33
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
34
CONTRACTOR SELECTION AND BID EVALUATION IN CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
M. Zafar Ali Shah (Swedish College of Engineering & Technology, engr.mzafar2k9@gmail.com), M.
Zeeshan Haider, M. Junaid, Fahad
Construction industry fellows have started identifying that accepting the smallest price bid does not assure
maximum worth. Attaining a worth based procurement method is a challenge, mainly for the Pakistani
public sector clients, who are still practicing the lowest bid award system. This research was to pursue
construction specialists, sentiments about the old-style bidding process and other systems for evaluation
of bids and awarding contracts. The main objective of this research study was to evaluate the relative
importance of different criterias that are kept in view while contract awarding process. A wide research
work was approved out to recognize different practices and a questionnaire survey was conducted
between the different groups that make up the construction industry in Pakistan. The survey was
conducted through visits to contractors, clients and consultants. The data was collected and results were
analyzed using severity index analysis. The study concluded that 70% of the respondents consider the
multi parameter bidding process is to be more effective than lowest bidding method and graded this
method as best between all six designated methods and experience and finacial condition of contractor is
the most important criteria for selecting the contractor award process.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE TIME AND COST OVER RUN IN CONSTRUCTION

INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
M. Zeeshan Haider (NUST, engrzeeshan512@gmail.com), Muzamil A, M. Shahzad
The construction Industry has a much more potential to contribute in GDP growth of Pakistan, but the
potential growth is hindered by a number of issues, the Cost and Time overruns being the most important
issue being faced by the Construction Industry of Pakistan. Theobjectiveofthisresearch work istoexplore
the keyfactors affectingcostandtimeoverrunsinconstruction industry of Pakistan. These cost
andtimeoverruns factors are identified inconstruction industry ofPakistanthroughcomprehensive
literaturereviewandinterviews. We distributed questionnaires in construction industry for survey. We
used the SPSS software for analysis of our questionnaire data and analysis of results. Analysisofthe
results show that that the most critical factor which is responsible for time overruns is delay in financial
payment by owner to contractor (stage by stage payment) having relative importance index (RII=0.796).
Mostly the client neglecting his duties to carry on the construction project and shows his laziness to pay
the progress payment to the contractor. Due to which conflicts arises between client and contractor and
progress of work affected badly. And the most critical factor of cost overruns is Change orders by owner
during construction work having relative importance index (RII=0.756). When the client is interfering in
the construction projects again and again then it creates problems for contractors, workers and
consultants then the project is suffering from time and cost overruns. All thefactors recognized in this
research workneedtobecarefullymanagedsoastoavoidrisksthatareattributableto
them,whichcallsforimprovedriskandprojectmanagementpracticesby clients,
contractorsandconsultants.Thestudy willassistprofessionalsintakingproactive measures for reducingcost
and time in construction industry of Pakistan.
ANALYSIS OF DESIGN AND BUILD PROCUREMENT FOR CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTS IN PAKISTAN (A CASE STUDY OF CONSTRUCTION OF BACHELOR
HOSTEL AT AIOU)
Attaullah Shah (City University, Peshawar, drshah965@gmail.com), Wasim Iqbal, Hafiz Ehsan U Qazi
35
The traditional Design Bid Build procurement method for construction projects is not only cumbersome
but at the same invite many risk for the employers and sponsors. The assigning of responsibility for poor
quality and design often becomes a challenge in such projects, as the designer being a separate entity from
the constructors, share very little part of the responsibility and damage in case of quality and design
issues. The time delays and cost overruns besides the poor quality are some of the major issues often
faced in such project procurement methods. This has been partly addressed by integrating two major parts
under Design and Build (D&B), wherein the Design and Build team is assigned the task of both detailed
design of the project and later constructing it after approval process. There are again pros and cons of this
method but it is becoming more popular in the Foreign sponsored projects for its obvious advantage to
transfer risks from employer and owners to contractors. In this research the project executed under design
and Build Procurement method at Allama Iqbal Open University i.e. Construction of Faculty Hostel was
analyzed in terms of time, cost and technical performance. For cost and variation analysis, the estimated
cost was compared with the completion cost and the estimated quantities of various items were compared
with the completion quantities. The time of completion was compared with such projects completed under
traditional design bid build methods. Questionnaire survey was also conducted from the project main
stakeholders including project teams, Engineers, designers and sponsors. Personal interviews were
administered with the site staff of the project, including project manager and site supervisory staff.
The results showed that there is overall improvement in the quality and time of the projects. However the
cost control in the projects remained a real challenge. The role of conceptual estimated cost is very
important in controlling the completion cost of the projects. The risk was observed to have transferred to
the constructor rather Design Build Team. The existing bidding document for Design and Build Project
procurement doesnt provide comprehensive treatment to such projects and hence its revision in the light
of other international bidding documents is required.
BUILDING INFORMATION MODELLING (BIM): THE FUTURE OF

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN
Waqas Arshad Tanoli (Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, waqitanoli@gmail.com), Adil Rafiq,
Hassnain Raza
Building Information Modeling (BIM) has emerged in the recent decades and provided new prospective
to architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) Industry. It shifted the trend from simple 2D
drawings to intelligent 3D modeling. BIM brought rapid changes in construction industry to visualize the
final product. While the BIM has globally been used in construction and manufacturing industry, it has
only been recently introduced in Pakistans construction industry. Recent studies indicated that adoption
of BIM is very slow because majority of stakeholders in construction industry of Pakistan have limited
knowledge regarding this technology. The industry hugely relies on 2D drawings, regardless of
complexity of the projects. This research highlights the future potential of BIM in the construction
industry of Pakistan, such as increase in productivity, safety control, effective communication between
stakeholders, quality control, cost and schedule management, and integration of project lifecycle process.
The objective of this work is to bring awareness regarding BIM developments in accordance with
construction industry of Pakistan.
COMPARISON OF CAUSES OF DISPUTES IN THE PUBLISH LITERATURE AND

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
Muhammad Umer Zubair (NUST, uzubair.cem6@nit.nust.edu.pk), Hamza Gabriel, Muhammad Jamal ud
din Thaheem
36
Disputes have detrimental effects on project leading to cost overruns, delays, poor quality of work and
intangible losses to working relationship among the project participants. This study, based on an
evolution of disputes from conflicts and disagreements, identifies the root causes of disputes in
construction industry by an extensive literature review and a survey in the Pakistani construction industry.
A three step content analysis approach has been adopted to collect and analyze the research papers
published during the period 1993-2015. A total of 33 papers were found to be relevant. From these
papers, 52 factors were found, out of which 31 have been shortlisted for this study. They were subjected
to a screening process to determine the top five causes of disputes which are delays in payments, change
orders, quality of works, delays in work and contractual anomalies. Based on the factors identified
through literature review, a survey was conducted in Pakistani construction industry. The top five causes
of disputes identified show an 80% convergence between published literature and professional practices
in Pakistan with additional significance to poor contractor selection.
FIDIC CONDITIONS OF SUBCONTRACT AS A MODEL FOR GENERAL

CONDITIONS OF SUBCONTRACT IN PAKISTAN
din Thaheem
Well balanced conditions of contract are pivotal for coordination, unhindered execution, dispute
resolution and definition of roles and responsibilities and the relationship among the parties executing the
contract. Pakistani construction industry despite subcontracting a large percentage of construction
contarcts lacks standard conditions of subcontract and they are primarily based on the will of the prime
contractor that are onerous for the subcontractor. Therefore in order to develop a model for the general
conditions of subcontract in Pakistan the conditions proposed by Associated General Contractors of
California, FIDIC in 1994 and 2011, Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia, American
Institute of Architects and by the Government of Hong Kong were compared to determine their
similarities and differences among them. Afterwards a questionnaire based on these conditions was
conducted in the construction industry of Pakistan to determine the appropriate provisions for model
subcontract. The results of the survey were validated by conducting semi structured interviews with
lawyers. Out of 35 suggestions made for the general conditions of subcontract 25 originated from FIDIC
2011. It can therefore be implemented in Pakistan with certain amendments and additions proposed in the
model subcontract.
LACK OF PLANT/EQUIPMENT PROBLEMS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF

KP PAKISTAN
Shamshad Ali (Sarhad university,peshawar,KP,Pakistan, alishamshad457@gmail.com), Muhammad Ali
Musarat, Muhammad Ismail, Muhammad Islam
In every country economic development construction industry plays a vital role. The construction industry
is globally faces various problems. One of the major problem faces by the construction industry is the
lack of modern and innovative plant/equipment. The Purpose of the study was to investigate the main
factors which contributing to lack of plant/equipment in construction industry in KP Pakistan. The data
for the study has been collected from the selected clients, consultants and contractors by using five-likert
scale questioner. Reliability test was used to analyze the data and also mean of each of the factor was
concluded. The study revealed that unavailability of modern equipment and most of the modern
equipment are manufacturing in abroad, which is the key cause of lack of plant/equipment in the
construction industry. Furthermore the study revealed that low level of technology, cost effective
technology, and unavailability of the spare parts and lack of skilled labor to properly control and maintain
37
the equipment are also the main factors which contribute to lack of equipment. Recommendations for
governments, adequate research in the relevant field and suggestion to Contractors, consultants and
clients have been discussed in the study.
POOR WORKMANSHIP PROBLEMS IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY OF KHYBER

PAKTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
Hussain Ali Khan (Sarhad University, Peshawar, hussainalik@ymail.com), M.A.Musarat, M.A.Khan,
I.Ahmad
Poor workmanship in construction projects has been recognized as a very important supervision process
in order to achieve the project objectives concerning time, cost, quality and safety. This research seeks to
identify the poor workmanship problem that affect the performance of construction projects as a whole
and analyze by using appropriate tools and technique and to improve workmanship environment. This
project identifies forty-one major workmanship problems. The general methodology is to study depend on
the survey questionnaire which will be collect from the various building projects, construction
stakeholders (contractor, consultant, owner) different sizes by mail or personal meeting. The 99 number
of worker gives better response which is related to construction projects. These data were analyzed by
using SPSS frequency test and Relative important index tests, The Frequency test indicates how many
stakeholders filled into the given Likert scale. RII test shows the ranking of these factors which were
filled by stakeholders. Top ten critical factors are obtained from ranked factors, which are pointed in
conclusion. This study investigates the poor workmanship problem and develops workmanship policies
and strategies to the company contractor which can be implemented at the construction projects site for
enhanced stake holder construction work.
CAUSES OF DISPUTES BETWEEN THE GENERAL CONTRACTOR AND
SUBCONTRACTOR IN THE CONSTRCUTION INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
din Thaheem
Disputes have detrimental effects on project leading to cost overruns, delays, poor quality of work and
intangible losses to working relationship among the project participants. Subcontracting constituting a
major portion of construction works needs attention as the dispute taking place between the general
contractor and subcontractor may jeopardize the success of the whole project. This study identifies the
causes of disputes between the contractor and subcontractor through a survey conducted in the Pakistani
construction industry and determines that delays in payment, unfair risk allocation, delays in work,
incompetent subcontractor and negative attitude of parties are the top five causes of disputes. This paper
will be helpful to both contractor and subcontractor in assessing that where their relationship could take a
sharp turn and take remedial measures beforehand.
BENCHMARKING THE CURRENT STATE OF CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

PRACTICES IN KP, PAKISTAN.
Muhammad Ali Musarat (Sarhad University, Peshawar, muhammadalimusarat@yahoo.com), Asad
masroor, Hussain Ali Khan
Risk to human health and safety is the common issue throughout the world in different industries, but it is
commonly present in construction industry. Study shows that the issue almost exists in developing
countries. In developing countries, Pakistan is also facing the problem of safety practices and their
implementation in construction industry. People are affecting because of this serious problem in routine
38
life. The objective of this study is to ensure the safety of workers, exposed to hazard on construction
sites.One of the main objectives is to establish such culture that should have a batter awareness of
workers health and safety. Pilot survey and structured interview was used to collect critical factors
influencing work site safety. These factors were included in questionnaires that are distributed in different
construction sites to get response from technical experts. Collected data was analyzed on statistical
package for social sciences (SPSS). Two tests run i.e. Frequency test and the 2nd one Descriptive test. The
response shows that there is no sophisticated system of safety rules and regulations. It is a collective
effort, so the management and workers, all had to respond positively and get awareness, education and
safety training to maintain safe work environment
39
WATER SUPPLY, SAFETY AND
HEALTH MANAGEMENT
40
FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHILDS NUTRITIONAL STATUS: EVIDENCE FROM
PDHS-2013
Muhammad Shahid (PIDE, muhammadshahid_15@pide.edu.pk), Rashida Haq
The nutritional status of children is an important indicator of health status of the community and human
resource development of a new generation. Pakistan is a developing country with second highest infant
and child mortality and morbidity rate in South Asia. In Pakistan, overall 45 percent of children under age
5 are stunted, 11 percent are wasted, and 30 percent are underweight as reported in Pakistan Demographic
Health Survey (PDHS), 2013. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of different factors on
nutritional status of both male and female children under age five on the basis of data from PDHS 2013.
In methodology, a composite index of anthropometric failure (CIAF) is constructed for measuring child
malnutrition and logistic regression model is employed. From policy perspective, a Need of multi-
dimension plan for solving this issue i.e. implementing nutritional programs focusing not only child
nutrition but also mother nutrition, poverty reduction, mothers awareness programs regarding their own
health as well as childrens health.
HYDRAULIC AND WATER QUALITY MODELING OF A WATER SUPPLY SCHEME

USING EPA.NET SOFTWARE
Nayab Zahra (UET, Lahore, nayab_zahra2009@hotmail.com), Arfa Iqbal, Ayesha Kiran, Shah Room
This study deals with hydraulics and water quality modeling of Ashiyana Housing Scheme situated in
Lahore, by using EPA.NET software. Appropriate design criteria were adopted for water distribution
system. Hydraulic modeling was performed by designing water distribution system using various
alternative methods of water distribution. Water Quality Modeling was performed by determining Bulk
Co-efficient (Kb) and Wall Co-efficient (Kw). These coefficients were determined by performing
experiments on the water sample taken from the site. Idometric Titration method was used chlorine
demand and residual chlorine determination. Using these co-efficients, quality modeling was done
through software. Economic evaluation of all design alternatives was made by calculating its capital and
energy cost for the design period of 20 years. Bill of Quantities was prepared and then comparison of
each alternative was done on the basis of cost. The results of study show that on the basis of hydraulics
and economy pumping with storage with 1 pump is more reliable and cost efficient method of water
distribution and the results of chlorine modeling show that the amount of chlorine added as dose is more
than sufficient. The residual chlorine achieved at the end node is meeting the criteria of WHO 0.2mg/L-
0.5mg/L.
ASSESSING THE WATER QUALITY AT USER END IN ISLAMABAD: A CASE

STUDY OF RAWAL LAKE FILTRATION PLANT
Ali Ajwad (UMT, Lahore, Ali.ajwad@umt.edu.pk), Tariq Ali, Akhtar Abbas and Muhammad Ali Khan
The speedy escalation of people, industrial and engineering hike has caused huge harms and deterioration
to clean environment. Useful gathering and management of water resources in addition to its treatment, if
necessary, is a serious concern for any developing country and Pakistan is no different. In this research
Islamabad has been selected as the area of study. Water treatment in Islamabad with its use in
Rawalpindi, have been taken for the study. This study highlights the current water management and
treatment facilities in the study and looks at possible ways to improve it. Investigation of the process of
Rawal Lake Filtration Plant in addition to water sampling at different phases of treatment and at
consumers end has been done.
41
ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
42
GEOTECHNICAL INVESTIGATIONS IMPROVES THE ECONOMIC WORTH OF AN
EXPLORATION VENTURE: CASE STUDY OF ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF
EXPLORATION PROJECT
Ejaz Gul (Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, ejazgul@bzu.edu.pk)
The most difficult challenge for an economist is analysis of exploration project due to intrinsic risk
involved in the process. Compound risk of uncertainty and high possibility of failure makes the venture
complicated. This paper elucidates the process of economic analysisof exploration project in Pakistan.
The expected monetary value (EMV) analysis was conducted carefully based on probability of success
(POS) which was determined as just 10%. As per the technical details provided by the oil company, the
resources were expected to be 100 million barrels. From the interpretation of technical data acquired, it
was concluded that cost of the exploration was 20 million US$. Based on the net present value (NPV), the
break even probability of success (BEPOS) was determined. The critical decision was whether to
recommend this project or not?To confirm the structure, geotechnical expert carried out three dimensional
geologicinvestigations. The structure was confirmed and assessed even bigger than before with estimated
POS of 20%. Again the economic analysis was revised for this new assessment after geologic survey. The
new calculations showed improved BEPOS for the project. Paper presents excellent study on how
geotechnical investigations improve the economic worth of exploration projects.
DEVELOPING A MULTI-CRITERIA DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR

DETERMINING OPTIMAL RETENTION INVENTORY STOCK IN PUBLIC
SECTORS TECHNICAL SERVICES ORGANIZATIONS OF PAKISTAN
Khurram Rehmani (NUST, khurram.rehmani76@gmail.com), Tahir Nawaz, Tasweer Hussain, Tahir
Iqbal
This paper reports on the development and successful implementation of a decision support system (DSS)
for analyzing inventory retention stocks in Public Sectors Technical Services Organizations (TSOs) of
Pakistan. The DSS is based on a multicriteria framework that includes statistical analysis of historical
data, followed by a comprehensive fault trend analysis leading towrads formulation of comparative
analysis matrix based upon price based and quantity based analysis of inventory, respectively. Finally a
decision criteria is formulated through three major forecasting techniques with minimum error
calculations.The DSS is practically implemented on an organization as a case study which has shown
significant results.
The paper contributes to the inventory management literature in three ways. First, the paper introduces a
new concept of comparative analysis matrix for identification of most critical items. Second, the paper
develops a new Multi-criteria Forecasting Model which captures aricher operating environment. Third,
the paper suggests how these criteria may be integrated in a single, interactive DSS. Although the
forecasting model, and DSS are describe in the context of a specific organization, the DSS and the model
are applicable to managing service parts in a wide variety of environments.
RECONFIGURABLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: PRINCIPLES AND

PROSPECTS
Muhammad Daniel Saeed Pirzada (SZABIST, Islamabad, thepirsahib@yahoo.com)
Due to the rapid growth in science and technology manufacturing organizations in modern era are facing
unpredictable, high-frequency market changes driven by global competition. To remain competitive, these
organizations must possess new types of manufacturing systems that are cost-effective and very
43
responsive to all these market changes. Reconfigurability in engineering technology deals with cost-
effective, quick reaction to market changes is highly needed in this rapidly changing environment.
Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS), whose components are reconfigurable machines and
reconfigurable controllers, as well as methodologies for their systematic design and rapid ramp-up, are the
cornerstones of this new manufacturing paradigm. The evolution of manufacturing systems from
dedicated mass production system to modern manufacturing paradigms is briefly discussed. The
economic justification of changeability is discussed. Design principles of reconfigurable manufacturing
systems and its applications have also been reviewed. The paper concludes with the future trends in
manufacturing industry.
44
ENGLISH AND APPLIED
LINGUISTICS EDUCATION
45
ALIEN IN MY OWN CULTURE: LINGUISTIC TERRORISM IN INSTITUTES OF KP
PAKISTAN
Humaira Riaz (City University, Peshawar, humairariaz@cusit.edu.pk)
Recent researchers outline their strong emotions towards the disposing of one's native tongue to conform
to any given environment. In Third World countries such as Pakistan, postcolonial factors have always
been working to generate what is called linguistic terrorism. English language is reinforced with best
intentions but these intentions are undeniably forced upon the students in educational institutes. Language
shapes individuals as well as environments. Anzaldua calls it "Linguistic Terrorism" because it attacks
individuals to shape what is acceptable and what is not. It also creates a hierarchy. This study takes a case
study of two renowned school systems of Peshawar namely Army Public School and ICMS where
English is used as the channel of communication. The study analyses the futile efforts of institutes at
primary level in creating a native English accent that over stresses and strips the students as well as
teachers from their linguistic identity.
A CORPUS BASED STUDY OF THE FREQUENCY IN THE USE OF COMMON

DISCOURSE MARKERS BY THE NATIVE AND PAKISTANI NON-NATIVE
SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH.
(REF NO. ICETEMS-16-100)
Uzma Khalil (City University, Peshawar, enigmaticuzma@yahoo.com)
The attention of the researchers to the discourse markers in the field of linguistics started in 1980s but its
main focus was only the native speakers of English. With the passage of time the scope of research took
its turn towards the non-native speakers of English. Many researchers have discussed the use of the
discourse markers as well as the frequency of the occurrences of DM by non-native speakers. The main
purpose of this research paper was to find out whether Pakistani non-native speaker uses more discourse
markers (DM) or is that the native speaker who takes the help of pragmatic markers in their day to day
conversation. The research was conducted by using the AntConc software which is a corpus tool for
analyzing data. All the data was collected in the form of interviews and conversations between native and
nonnative speakers. The results have shown that the use of pragmatic markers by Pakistani nonnative
speakers is more than that of the native speakers of English which were mostly used as the connectors
between the utterances.
46
ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY
47
YAW DAMPER DESIGN FOR AN AIRCRAFT
Abdur Rasheed (CECOS University, Peshawar, engrabdur723@gmail.com)
Existing of inherent damping in aircraft is for satisfaction of handling qualities. Oscillatory motion exits
in aircraft in case of absence of damping system. Some degree of coupling of this motion also exist with
motion along different axis of aircraft which depend upon relative size of stability derivatives. The
damper design process begins with derivation of suitable mathematical model to describe aircraft
dynamics. The dynamic response of uncontrolled aircraft to an initial disturbance in yaw is obtained from
complete equations of lateral motion. The oscillations will be damped faster than naturally for aircraft and
hence reduces duration of oscillations for aircraft. It occurs by providing automatic rudder displacement
proportional to and opposing to amount of yaw produced. Washout filter effect is also included for spiral
motion to improve aircraft yaw rate response in a short time. The effect of the tilted angle of rate gyro
upon the performance of yaw damper is also studied. The rate damping systems performance is studied
using Proportional-IntegralDerivative (PID) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) techniques and their
effect is observed on systems. This research work considers beech 99 aircraft as a research model.
LMIS BASED OPTIMAL CONTROL DESIGN FOR AIRCRAFT

The main objective of this paper is to design an optimal controller for aircraft dynamics in terms of
quadratic performance index. The problem formulation is carried out using a control technique named
linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and it guaranteed the stabilization of aircraft dynamics. The aircraft
equations of motion are obtained using first principle approach and linearized using small perturbation
theory. State space model is obtained and performance of LMIs approach is illustrated. Longitudinal
motion of aircraft is used for analysis and Cessna 310 is used as a reference model.
EVALUATION OF LONGITUDINAL AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS AND

CENTER OF GRAVITY VARIATIONS EFFECT FOR AN AIRCRAFT
The mathematical modeling of aircraft makes its dynamic characteristics easy for analysis and
understanding. It describes the forces, moments and kinematics of aircraft acting on airframe. Accurate
modeling for aircraft is difficult, thats why in flow conditions analysis results in compromise models.
This paper focuses on deriving lift and pitching aerodynamic coefficients for longitudinal motion of an
aircraft. Effect due to different geometric parameters on these coefficients is brought under observation.
Coefficients variation with varying mach number along with individual contribution due to different
components is studied. The center of gravity variations effect is also considered on these parameters. The
aircraft used as a research model is Cessna T37.
EVALUATION OF LATERAL AERODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS AND CENTER OF

GRAVITY VARIATIONS EFFECT FOR AN AIRCRAFT
Aircraft is a very complex dynamic system from both analysis and design point of view. Mathematical
model for any flight vehicle plays an important role in study of the whole system and even its subsystems.
It also make analysis of any dynamic system very simple and easy to understand. Different forces and
48
moments acting on aircraft are complicated functions of its shape and motion. The different aerodynamic
actions on aircraft can be represented approximately by means of stability derivatives. This research is
based on deriving different aerodynamic coefficients for lateral motion of an aircraft. Coefficient
variation with varying mach number is brought under observation and the effect of different geometric
parameters on these coefficients is studied. The contribution due to different sections to these coefficients
is taken into account and center of gravity variations effect are studied on these parameters. The aircraft
used as a reference is Cessna T37.
IMPROVED LINEAR QUADRATIC GAUSSIAN CONTROL FOR AIRCRAFT

DYNAMICS IN UNCERTAIN ENVIRONMENT
The designing and control of fixed wing aircraft is difficult and challenging because aerodynamic forces
and moments are subjected to variations affecting them. This work deal with modeling of aircraft
equations of motion and obtaining state space model aft linearization. The obtained model is employed in
design of a controller named liner quadratic gaussian (LQG). The simulation results with and without
LQG are compared and it is observed that LQG performance is very efficient. The aircraft lateral
dynamics are used as a case study and Lockheed F-104 is used as reference aircraft model.
MODELING, CONTROL AND REDUCTION OF A HELICOPTER COUPLED MODEL

INTO LONGITUDINAL AND LATERAL MODELS
Helicopter dynamic system is a strongly coupled, multi-variable nonlinear system. This work addresses
comprehensive nonlinear modeling of a helicopter system using first-principles approach. The dynamic
model is linearized based on small perturbation theory. The order for the coupled model is reduced using
model reduction techniques and as a result longitudinal and lateral models are obtained. Stability analysis
for coupled and decoupled models is carried out and control strategies used are linear quadratic regulator
(LQR) and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG). The simulation results obtained from decoupled models
after reduction are compared with original coupled model and high degree of similarity is observed. The
helicopter model used as reference is PUMA SA 330.
EVALUATION OF ASPHALT MIXTURES USING NEAT AND MODIFIED BINDER

Arshad Hussain (NUST, drarshad@nit.nust.edu.pk), Nasir Iqbal, M. Bilal
Premature pavement failures due to uncontrolled axle loads and high ambient temperature are observed
throughout Pakistan leading to high preservation lifecycle costs. Crumb Rubber Modified Bitumen
(CRMB) in asphalt mixtures improves the properties of binder by reducing the binders inherent
temperature susceptibility. This research aims to evaluate the stiffness moduli of crumb rubber modified
bitumen (CRMB) through a series of laboratory tests including marshal test, indirect tensile strength test
and resilient modulus test. The overall findings indicated that the crumb rubber modified mixtures show
maximum resilient modulus and indirect tensile strength, and encourage the use of crumb rubber in
asphalt modification through sustainable technology in an environment friendly way.
49
EVALUATION OF ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OF CLAYEY SOILS USING LIME
Sohaib Naseer (Swedish College of Engineering And Technology, sohaibnaseer13@gmail.com),
Muhammad Waqas Alam, Irfan Haider
Long-term performance of any construction project depends on the soundness of the underlying soils. Soil
stabilization is a technique to enhance engineering qualities of soil by modifying its physical and
chemical properties by mixing certain additives like lime, cement, fly-ash and asphalt, depending on the
soil type. The main objectives of the soil stabilization are to increase the bearing capacity of the soil, its
resistance to weathering process and soil permeability.
In this study, the clayey soil with high plasticity index from the site of Abdul Ghani Khan Library
charsadda, KPK was selected, where a number of structures collapsed in the past due to the problem of
settlement of foundations. These types of clayey soils can be stabilized by addition of small amounts of
lime. Soils samples were obtained and the test specimens were prepared using various percentages of lime
such as 2%, 4%, and 6%. Unsoaked samples were tested after 2 days and 7 days curing, whereas the
soaked strength was determined after 24 hour curing of test specimens.
The tests results showed that strength and durability of soil increased significantly with addition of lime
up to an optimum content of lime. The unconfined compressive strength increased almost 50 times
whereas CBR value increased 3 times as compared to unstablized soil.
IMPROVEMENT OF SANDY SOIL USING CEMENT GROUTING

Sohaib Naseer (Swedish College of Engineering And Technology, sohaibnaseer13@gmail.com),
Muhammad Yasir, Numan Yousaf
The soil profile in coastal areas often consists of very loose sandy soils extending to a depth of 3 to 4 m
from the ground level underlain by clayey soils of medium consistency. The very low shearing resistance
of the foundation bed causes local as well as punching shear failure. Hence structures built on these soils
may suffer from excessive settlements. Ground improvement in granular soils can be achieved by
different methods such as vibro-flotation, compaction piles, compaction with explosives, excavation and
replacement, well point system, reinforced earth, grouting etc. Ground improvement techniques are often
used to strengthen sub soil properties in terms of its bearing capacity, shear strength, settlement
characteristics and drainage.Grouting is an effective method to improve the engineering properties of
granular soil. This paper discusses grouting as one of the possible solutions to the foundation problems of
coastal areas by improving the properties of soil at shallow depths. The improvement in relative density
and thereby the load carrying capacity of loose sandy soils was studied. A grouting setup was developed
in laboratory to study the effect of grouting in loose sand bed. Grout with different water contents were
made and then injected into the loose sand bed. A series of load tests was carried out to determine the
bearing capacity of improved soil. Results of the various investigations conclusively proved that grouting
can be used as an effective method for improving the strength characteristics significantly and reducing
the permeability of loose sandy soils.
RUTTING SUSCEPTIBILITY AND MOISTURE DAMAGE OF HMA CONTAINING

RECLAIMED ASPHALT PAVEMENT (RAP) IN PAKISTAN
Arshad Hussain (NUST, drarshad@nit.nust.edu.pk), Muhammad Humair, M. Bilal Khurshid
Highway agencies around the world are endeavoring to use larger quantities of reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) in order to meet economic and environmental needs. Comprehensive road networks
serve as basis for economic development of any country. RAP use is not only economical and
50
environmental friendly, but also helps in preservation of natural resources and gives similar or even better
performance than virgin asphalt mixtures. This paper presents the experimental study to evaluate the
rutting susceptibility and moisture damage of RAP incorporated hot mix asphalt (HMA) using Hamburg
Wheel-tracking Device (HWTD). This research shows that all tested HMAs with RAP performed better
than the mixtures prepared with virgin aggregate. Mixtures containing RAP showed significant variability
and the variability increased with the increase in RAP content.
SHAKE TABLE TEST ON REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURE

Asif Shahzad, Naveed Ahmad (Earthquake Engineering Center, UET Peshawar,
naveed.ahmad@uetpeshawar.edu.pk)
This research presents shake table tests on reinforced concrete structure (special moment resisting frame)
having construction deficiencies i.e. using low strength concrete and not practicing ties (confinement) in
joints. The test was carried out on 1/3rd scaled structural model, prepared respecting the similitude
requirements for geometric scaling and structural dynamics, performed at the Earthquake Engineering
Center of UET Peshawar. The methodology included basic tests on constituent materials and incremental
dynamic analysis of model on seismic simulator (shake table) using design spectrum compatible natural
accelerogram. The response of the structure is recorded in terms of acceleration and displacement time
histories using accelerometers and displacement transducers respectively, which are processed and
analyzed to obtain the floor inertial forces, inter-storey shears and base shear force, lateral deflected shape
and inter-storey drift profile. The base shear force is correlated with the lateral displacement to derive
force-deformation capacity curve. The research shows that the structure, due to the considered
deficiencies, can resist only 70% of the design level ground motions.
COMPARISON BETWEEN TWO AND THREE DIMENSIONAL SLOPE STABILITY

ANALYSES OF MANGLA DAM
Syed Irfan Haider (Abasyn University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, faanhaider@ymail.com),
Muhammad Salik Javaid, Syed Zishan Ashiq, Ahsan Waqar
The Mangla Dam is a multipurpose dam located on the Jhelum River in the Mirpur District of Azad
Kashmir, Pakistan. Mangla reservoir had an initial reservoir capacity of 5.88 Million Acre-feet (MAF),
which reduced to 4.674 MAF in 2005 due to the sedimentation & was likely to reduce further. To
counteract this phenomenon, the Mangla Dam Raising Project was started in 2004. This project
effectively raised the dam height by 30 feet. After raising of Dam by 30, Factor of safety for slopes at
different locations and under different loading conditions was reduced & become lesser than the ICOLD
recommendations. Then to cater this situation and to enhance the factor of safety for the slopes, a new
concept introduced which is used to analyze the slope in 3-D and to check its combined effect on factor of
safety. It was observed that the factor of safety for almost all the slopes increased in 3-D analyses. 2-D
Analysis of Existing and Raised embankments Slopes were performed considering the anisotropic
behavior of the soil. After 2-D analysis, the 3-D analysis was carried out on raised main embankment
only. The comparison between various approaches provides a guideline for the selection of the best
method to carry out quick, cost effective and reliable slope stability analysis for the design of slopes, in
future.
REHABILITATION OF FOUNDATIONS OF OLD BUILDINGS USING MICROPILES

(REF NO. ICETEMS-16-019)
Syed Irfan Haider (Abasyn University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, faanhaider@ymail.com), Rana
Muhammad Waqas, Sohaib Naseer, Muhammad Sarfraz Faiz
51
The conservation of historic buildings for future generations is of great importance. Damage is frequently
caused by the foundations no longer being able to transfer structural loads without the occurrence of
settlement. In such cases micro piles are often employed for rehabilitation of the foundation. Micro piles
have been used effectively in many applications of ground improvement to increase the bearing capacity
and reduce the settlements particularly in strengthening the existing foundations. Advantages of Micro
piles are high carrying capacity, less site constraint problem and self sustained operation. This piling
system is therefore attractive to both the client and foundation designer. Micro installations can penetrate
to hundreds of feet in depth; each of the piles can support many tons of load. Micro piles transfer loads
through liquefiable soil to competent bearing strata to conform to design requirements.
SOIL STABILIZATION USING TRADITIONAL ADMIXTURES

Syed Irfan Haider (Abasyn University, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, faanhaider@ymail.com), Rana
Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Qaisar, Naeem Bashir Awan
Construction of engineering structures on weak or soft soil is considered as unsafe. Improvement of load
bearing capacity of the soil may be undertaken by a variety of ground improvement techniques. Soil is a
peculiar material. Some additives like Cement, Lime, Bitumen, and Fly Ash etc. may use to make the soil
to be stable. Addition of such materials will increase the physical as well as chemical properties of the
soil. Some expecting properties to be improved are CBR value, shear strength, liquidity index, plasticity
index, unconfined compressive strength and bearing capacity etc. This paper presents the improvement
phenomenon of different type of soils using suitable additives.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE FLEXURAL BEHAVOIR OF COMPOSITE RC

BEAMS HAVING AN ECC LAYER AT THE BOTTOM
Engr. Yousaf Ali (UET Peshawar, yalidurrani@gmail.com), Sajjad Wali Khan
The primary aim of this research was to investigate the flexural behavior of composite RC beams having
an ECC layer at the bottom face. ECC is a mortar based composite reinforced material, which has
improved properties of high ductility, tensile and flexural strength. For this purpose, four full scale load
for composite beams was found to increase by 10 &12 % for 75 mm, 100mm layer of ECC respectively,
as compared to normal concrete. Similarly, the cracking load for the composite beams was increased by
44% and 54%and yield loads increased by 24% and 31% for 75 and 100 mm layer of ECC respectively.
Furthermore the mid span deflection of the beams was observed to increase at crack load & composite
ECC beams and three controlled concrete RC beams were casted and tested under third point bending in
the straining frame. Two different layers having thickness of 75 mm and 100 mm were used to study the
effect ECC layer thickness. Control concrete of 1:1.75:2.75 was designed for 5 Ksi compressionstrength
and 1:2:3 was designed for 4 Ksi compression strength. The ultimate yield load, and was found slightly
decrease for ultimate load.
UTILIZATION OF RECYCLED FOUNDRY SAND AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT

OF FINE AGGREGATE IN CONCRETE
Rana Muhammad Waqas (Abasyn University, Islamabad, rana.waqas@abasynisb.edu.pk), Rana Faisal
Tufail, Syed Irfan Haider, Khalid Mahmoud
This research study presents the experimental results of used foundry sand or waste foundry sand as a
partial replacement of fine aggregate in concrete. Total 33 cylinders of cement concrete were casted in
52
this experimental program. Partial replacement of fine aggregates was made with foundry sand in 30
cylinders and remaining 3 cylinders were kept as controlled specimens. The experimental variables
considered in this test program include the percentage of foundry sand in concrete and curing period of
concrete. All concrete cylinders were subjected to axial compressive load. It was perceived that the
addition of foundry sand as replacement of fine aggregate increases the concrete strength while after
optimum percentage a stage comes where workability of concrete decreases.
EFFECT OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS ON FRESH AND HARDENED

PROPERTIES OF SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE
Sohaib Naseer Swedish College of Engineering And Technology, sohaibnaseer13@gmail.com), AttaUllah
Shah, Mamoon Riaz, Muhammad Hassan
The mainprecedencein the development of concrete construction is to increase its productivity and also to
improve working environment. It is found that these objectives can be achieved by making use of self-
compacting concrete (SSC) instead of ordinary or conventional concrete. The major impact of the
introduction of self-compacting concrete (SCC) is connected to the production process. The productivity
is significantlyimproved through the elimination of vibration compaction and process reorganization. The
working environment is signicantly enhanced through avoidance of vibration induced damages, reduced
noise and improved safety. Additionally, SCC technology has improved the performance of hardened
concrete in terms of its properties like surface quality, strength and durability.
The current research was carried out to assess the effects ofPolypropylene fiber addition on characteristics
of SCC mixes in fresh state and also to investigate the effects of addition of fiber on the properties of
hardenedSCC. In this study,the concrete mixes were added with fiber of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0 %, and 3.0 %.
Fresh characteristics were evaluated based on its passing ability, flow ability, and segregation resistance
using, Slump flow, L-Box and V-funnel tests. After 7 days, 14 days, 28 days of curing SCC cylinders,
compressive and splitting tensile strengths were tested.
Tests results indicated that addition offibers hasenhanced the passing ability of SSCbut on the other hand,
has decreased filling ability and segregation resistance of SCC. The optimum dosage of polypropylene
achieved by this research was 2% of the cement content.
LIQUEFACTION POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF YAMANKA DAM-JAPAN

Muhammad Sarfraz Faiz (NUST, sarfraz.arya09@gmail.com), Syed Uzair us Salam Shah, Syed Irfan
Haider, Jehanzeb George Sikander
Liquefaction of soil is a critical phenomenon in Civil Engineering works. In this phenomena partially or
fully saturated soil loses its strength and behave like a liquid usually during earthquake. Because of so
much importance in Civil Engineering projects liquefaction analysis of structures is carried out. In subject
paper liquefaction potential analysis is performed on Yamanaka Dam (Japan) which has been affected by
four earthquakes. Analysis is carried out using SPT bore log data of Yamanaka Dam. Finally graphical
representation of dam failure is calculated using CSR & CRR values of subject dam.
LIQUEFACTION MITIGATION THROUGH INDUCED PARTIAL SATURATION

(IPS)
Syed Uzair Us Salam Shah (NUST, uzairshah1992@hotmail.com), Liaqat Ali, Muhammad Farjad Sami,
Muhammad Sarfraz Faiz
53
Induced Partial Saturation (IPS) is a technique which can reduce generation of excess pore water pressure
in sandy soil deposits during earthquake shaking. It is a cost effective technique for liquefaction
mitigation and is applicable to improve soil strata beneath already constructed buildings. Crux of Induced
Partial Saturation technique is to introduce gas/air bubbles into the voids of sand either by producing
oxygen and hydrogen through electrolysis or air entrapment in sand voids by draining and reintroducing
water in fully saturated sandy strata. Whenever cyclic stress acts on soil (as in the case of earthquake), the
pore pressure increases and this pore water instead of rendering sand particles apart (zero effective stress
conditions), takes the volume of entrapped gas bubbles and soil structure remains unaltered. Cyclic simple
shear tests were performed on such sample by Bayat et al. (2009), using shaking table, results show
significant reduction in pore water pressure generation and reduced shear strains during cyclic loading.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SCOURING AROUND ELLIPTICAL BRIDGE PIER

Rana Muhammad Waqas (Abasyn University, Islamabad, rana.waqas@abasynisb.edu.pk), Muhammad
Zeeshan Khalil, Syed Irfan Haider, Farsan Ali Qureshi, Muhammad Sarfraz Faiz
Aim of present study was to investigate phenomenon of scouring for bridge pier of elliptical shape. Tests
were performed by changing velocity and depth of water in a horizontal sediment circulatory loop. Total
8 experiments were carried out. In first four experiments the flow depth was kept constant with different
velocities values and 8 readings were taken at different conditions. The other four experiments were done
by keeping velocity constant with different flow depth values and 8 readings were taken at different
conditions. Hence total 16 readings were taken. The velocity sensor was used to check the velocity of
flow. It was controlled through selector switch attached with electric motor. Collected data was analyzed
by using statistical methods (regression analysis) and scour equation was developed.
FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION USING DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORM

AND SVM
Abdul Saboor Khan (Abasyn University, Islamabad, Abdul.saboor@abasynisb.edu.pk), Imran Shafi,
Malik Waqas
Over the years, human facial expression recognition has always been a challenging problem in computer
vision systems. In this paper, we have worked towards recognizing facial expressions from the images
given in JAFFE database. From literature, a set of features have been identified to be potentially useful
for recognizing facial expressions. The basic idea is to use the discrete cosine transform (DCT) as a
means of feature extraction for later face classification. The DCT is computed for a cropped version of an
input image containing a face, and only a small subset of the coefficients is maintained as a feature vector.
Some pre-processing steps have been applied before extracting these features. Support Vector Machine
(SVM) with radial basis kernel function is used for classifying facial expressions. We evaluate our results
on the JAFFE database under the same experimental setup followed in literature. Experimental results
show that our proposed methodology gives better results in comparison with existing literature work so
far.
CRACKING BEHAVIOR OF TWO WAY REINFORCED CONCRETEBASE SLAB OF

TELECOMMUNICATION TOWERS IN FLEXURE WITH VARYING
REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
Muhammad Mubashir Ajmal (NUST, engr.mubashirajmal@yahoo.com), Rao Arsalan Mushtaq, Arsalan
Mushtaq
54
Limited space availability leads to installation of telecommunication towers at roof slabs of residential
and commercial buildings. Excessive and early cracking is envisaged in reinforced concrete slabs due to
application of 4 points concentrated loads by towers.This affects the serviceability of the reinforced
concrete structure. In order to evaluate the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) slabs, numerical
study is carried out by using finite element approach. Data collected for typical four two way RC slabs,
generally used for installation of towers with same geometry and loading conditions (four point
concentrated loading corresponding to telecommunication tower load) with different steel reinforcement
detailing and analyzed. Distribution of steel reinforcement is in accordance with the expected bending
moment of slabs against the gravity load. Geometric parameters of proposed slab models are applied on
crack controlling equations recommended by different building codes and researchers. Results depict that
well detailed reinforcement exhibits much better ductile response compared to the ones that lack in detail.
Moreover, crack width and the ultimate load has been delayed successfully due to accurate distribution
and detailing of reinforcements.It is found that crack width in RC slab is directly influenced by steel bars
size and spacing between them. The study also reveals that crack widths in all slabs are within permissible
limit recommended by ACI.
APPLICATION OF NASH MODEL TO SIMULATE RUNOFF FROM A SMALL

CATCHMENT
Zafar A. (Swedish College of Engineering & Technology, marslanz@yahoo.com), Ghumman A.R.
Water resources of Pakistan are back bone of economy of the country. Simulation of rainfall runoff
process plays a significant role in water resources management and development. Geomorphic
instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) models be used for catchments having scanty data. This research
has analyzed application of rainfall runoff model to simulate runoff from a small catchment in Punjab
Province of Pakistan. Nash Modeling is done through convolution process. The rainfall data was collected
from Meteorological Department Lahore. The impact of thirty four parameters on direct runoff was
investigated.
DESIGN & COMPARISON OF PILE FOUNDATION BEARING CAPACITIES

Muhammad Sarfraz Faiz (NUST, sarfraz.arya09@gmail.com), Sohaib Naseer, Rana Muhammad Waqas,
Muhammad Naeem Awan
In Pakistan Piles foundation method is growing now a days with progress of country. In Pakistan main
pile/piers installation method is Cast-in-place concrete piles. Cast-in-place concrete piles are commonly
used as deep foundations for structures of many sizes. Design of pile foundations is highly sensitive to
method adopted for calculation of pile capacity. In this paper a comparison of Pile capacities, for 35 MW
Coal Fired Power Plant Faisalabad, is calculated by using Meyerhof Method, Vesic Method (1977) and
Janbus Method (1976) for Pile tip capacity while pile skin capacity is calculated by Coycle & Costello
Method (1981).
STRENGTH AND COST ANALYSIS OF BRICK AGGREGATE WITH ADMIXTURE

M.ZeeshanHaider (NUST, engrzeeshan512@gmail.com), Fayaz Khan, KarimUllah, Umar Khan, M.
Kashif
Concrete is the most undisputable and indispensable material being used in infrastructure development
throughout the world. The present investigation shows the performance of brick aggregates in concrete
with a view of achieving the target compressive strengths specified in concrete mix design. It will also
55
explore the performance of burnt brick aggregates in comparison with the natural granitic aggregates.
Particular emphasis being given to recovery of brick waste from the manufacturing kilns such as in
Punjab, Pakistan. Bricks in the past have been disposed by either land dumping or filling depressions on
roads. The land dumping disposal method is expensive as it involves excavation of land, transportation of
waste product to the disposal site and compaction of the material in layers. Furthermore, the production of
natural aggregates and building stones through quarry is an expensive process. We developed interest on
noticing land degradation in Margalla area in Rawalpindi district where blasting, crushing and grinding of
natural rocks are extensively used. Kiln burnt bricks when crushed to the required nominal sizes provide a
rough and irregular surface which aids in bonding of cement paste and the aggregate. Therefore, the bond
strength of concrete is likely to be increased when these aggregates are used. From all the results and
experimental approaches, it is concluded that concrete formed with over burnt brick aggregates showed
considerably beneficial performance as compared to the concrete made up of natural aggregates obtained
from local resources.Compressive strength reduces by7% with brick aggregate and tensile strength
reduces by 4% and it seems that it can be improved by modifying concrete mixture. Careful consideration
of the water absorption of brick aggregates will betaken in the mix design to ensure that the workability of
the mix is achieved. This project tries to encourage the recovery of waste materials to be used in
production of aggregates for concrete hence conserving the environment.
INFLUENCE OF TUNNELING ON EXISTING PILE FOUNDATIONS

Mansoor Khan (NUST, Mansur.khan1990@gmail.com), Shabir Hussain, Qaiser Iqbal
Scarcity of land and rapid increase in population has led to frequent exploitation of underground space in
dense urban areas. Tunnels are constructed to accommodate transportation, water supply and drainage
systems. As such, areas where infrastructure development has increased, tunnel-pile interaction needs to
be studied and understood. Many tunnels are inevitably constructed underneath or nearby existing
structures. This paper aims at investigating the effects of tunneling on an existing pile lying in close
proximity to a circular tunnel by carrying out elasto-plastic numerical analysis in FLAC-2D v 4.0 (Itasca
Consulting Group Inc. 2002). The numerical modeling considered the effects of tunnel distance from the
pile on its behavior in terms of displacement, stress changes and tunnel induced ground movements.
Excavation of tunnel near pile foundation resulted in lateral and vertical forces induced on pile
foundation, reduction in bearing capacity as well as differential settlements. Depending on the soil profile
and relative position of the pile with respect to the tunnel, damage was induced or in some cases failure of
the nearby piles by exceeding a combination of serviceability and/or ultimate limit states.
ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED SOIL SLOPES WITH LIMIT EQUILIBRIUM AND

FINITE ELEMENT METHODS
Jehanzeb George Sikander (NUST, jehanzebsikander10@gmail.com), Muhammad Sarfraz Faiz, Syed
Irfan Haider, Naeem Bashir Awan
This paper presents the study on two dimensional finite element and limit equilibrium analysis of
reinforced slopes. A parametric study is presented for the comparison of the results obtained by limit
equilibrium method and finite element method. The location of failure surfaces are investigated. The
effect of vertical spacing of geogrids, cohesion of soil, friction angle of the soil, tensile capacity geogrids
and length of geogrids on the factor of safety of the slopes are evaluated. Geotextiles are widely used in
retaining walls, slopes and embankments as they provide economical and practical solutions. In limit
equilibrium solutions, the resisting forces of the reinforcing elements can be considered in the equation of
the factor of safety in several different ways. In finite element solutions, however reinforcing elements
have to be defined as some structural elements with certain stiffness.
56
SEEPAGE PERFOMANCE COMPARISON BETWEEN THEORATICAL AND
EXPERIMENTAL BEHAVIOUR OF A MODEL DAM
Jehanzeb George Sikander (NUST, jehanzebsikander10@gmail.com), Muhammad Sarfraz Faiz, Syed
Irfan Haider, Naeem Bashir Awan
This paper presents the seepage analysis of a model dam i-e analyzing pore water seepage rates, a
background of all seepage failure mechanisms and the standards that govern it. A model dam was created
and experimental rates of seepage were compared with theoretical values. Permeability is a primary factor
that affects seepage rates, it is a measure of the transmissivity of a soil, with the coefficient of
permeability .Methods of experimentally and empirically estimating the coefficient of permeability are
identified and adopted as part of theoretical calculation of seepage rates under a model dam.
IMPROVEMENT OF SOIL USING WASTE PLASTIC SHOPPING BAGS

Syed Irfan Haider, (NUST, faanhaider@ymail.com), Syed Muhammad Jamil, Syed Zishan Ashiq,
Muhammad Sarfraz Faiz
Soil Improvement Technique is the technique which advances the physical properties of soil, such as
increasing shear strength, bearing capacity, etc. which can be done by the use of controlled compaction or
addition of appropriate admixtures. Immense tonnages of waste are produced each year worldwide, with a
considerable amount being in the form of plastic (polyethylene) grocery bags. Most of this is non-
degradable and destined for landfill. This paper presents the literature review on the utilization of waste
plastic shopping bags for improving soil properties. This method of soil improvement is workable for
sandy soils, and is a cost effective solution to alter the properties of a foundation material.
COMPARISON OF DRIFT DUE TO WIND AND EARTHQUAKE LOADING ON TALL

BUILDINGS
Muhammad Sarfraz Faiz (NUST, mfaiz.ms15@nice.nust.edu.pk), Muhammad Tahir, Rana Fahad
Liaquat, Syed Irfan Haider
The approach towards new heights and architecture is always a challenging task. Tall structures face
strange loading and very dominant lateral loads which most of the time cause major problems to a tall
building. The design criteria for tall buildings are strength, serviceability, stability and human comfort. In
this research project, five different structural systems have been used to design a tall building and finally
the system with least and permissible drift value under the gravity, wind and earthquake loading is
selected and recommended. For this purpose a forty (40) story building varying in geometry in vertical
direction is selected having square plan from ground floor to fifteen story and afterward building turns
into an octagon up to thirty (30) stories and then again turns into a square up to top with decreasing size in
plan. The building is analyzed and designed for gravity, wind and earthquake loads using ETABS.
IMPACT OF WASTE MARBLE DUST ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF CEMENT

SAND MORTAR
Muhammad Bilal Israr, Khan Shahzada (UET, Peshawar, khanshahzada@nwfpuet.edu.pk), Sajjad Wali
Khan
57
The Portland cement manufacturing process is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and
depletion of natural resources. Waste Marble Dust (WMD) on the other hand is cheap and environmental
demeaning form of marble processing units, which if used in civil works will create Sustainable
Structures (SS) and will save our environment from degradation with positive impact on our countrys
Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This paper presents the sustainability of cement sand mortar incorporated
with waste marble dust. The influence of marble dust on the mechanical properties of cement sand mortar
has been studied using five samples incorporated with different proportions of waste marble dust (up to
20%) and evaluated for Compressive Strength, Tensile Strength, Permeability, Flow, Sulphate Attack
resistance, Set Time, Bulk Density, Air Content and Adhesive mechanism. Results obtained show that
10% substitution of cement by WMD provided competent results.
EFFECT OF TRANSVERSE STEEL SPACING ON CONFINEMENT OF LOW

STRENGTH CONCRETE UNDER COMPRESSION
Sheraz Abbas (City University, Peshawar, sherazabbas@cusit.edu.pk ), Muhammad Javed
In columns or compression members, lateral reinforcement in the form of hoops, cross-ties, or spirals play
an important role in safeguarding the columns, especially when they are subjected to strong earthquakes
or accidental lateral loads. They are required in any column-whether they are parts of a moment resistant
frame or the gravity system in order for them to deform laterally and provide the required ductility. The
development of reinforced concrete structures is continuously studied to improve the strength, ductility,
and durability of the component members. It has long been recognized that the strength as well as
deformability of concrete substantially increase wherever amount of confinement in the form of closed
ties (hoops) is increased. The different characteristic properties of RC members e.g. compressive strength
of columns depends on different factors that are defined by the constituent materials and their properties.
Addressing only the confinement requirements of the above, transverse reinforcement in this case Lateral
Confining Reinforcement (LCR) tend to increase the strength and ductility of RC members. It also keeps
longitudinal reinforcement in place while concrete is poured. When an axial concrete element (column) is
laterally reinforced (e.g. by ties, hoops or spirals) and subjected to axial compression, expansion of the
element in the plane perpendicular to the axial compression activates the lateral reinforcement which
exerts tri-axial compression increasing members capacity to sustain large compressive stresses and
deformations. The locally produced concrete is usually of low strength but the design standards i.e. ACI
318-08 and other modern standards have a minimum strength of 3000 psi. The result has shown that the
strength capacity of column as well as ultimate concrete compression strain has increased in low strength
concrete due to confinement.
MEASUREMENT OF SUBGRADE PROPERTIES OF G.T ROAD,PIR PYAI AREA

Muhammad Ali Safdar (Iqra National University, Nowshera, engr_ali007@hotmail.com), Muhammad
Zahid, Fazli Wahab
Arrangement of the diverse black-top layers is all that much subject to the nature of the subgrade earth
over which they will be laid. Subgrade quality is for the most part conveyed similarly as CBR (California
Bearing Ratio). Weaker subgrade fundamentally obliges thicker layers however more grounded subgrade
runs well with thinner black-top layers. The black-top plus the subgrade usually must backing the
development volume.Despite the way that a black-top's wearing course is most detectable, the
accomplishment or frustration of a black-top is when in doubt subordinate upon the concealed subgrade
i.e., the material whereupon the black-top structure is fabricated. Subgrade be made out of a broad
mixture of materials but some are immeasurably enhanced than others in regards to kind of earth. The
examination focus tests were performed for the determination of planning properties of earth, of Pir pyai
58
area, Nowshera. Consequently, the earth example was assembled structure "Pir pyai range, Nowshera" &
passed on to CECOS earth mechanics research office. The example sample was protected from sunlight &
air so that its moistness substance did not disturb and it give us accurate results because, when there is
entrance of sunlight and moisture in said sample then as a result our experiment reading would be
damagedand we would not get our required results
DYNAMICS OF ROCK-FILL AND CONCRETE GATED WEIR BY USING SEEP/W

Hazrat Amin (UET, Peshawar, Hazratamin196@Yahoo.Com), Mujahid Khan, Inayat Ullah Khan, Aziz
Ahmad
Weir is one of the necessary river training structure. It plays an important role for canal water divergence.
Different types of weirs are used for different purposes and so results in different seepage flows under
river bed. The type of seepage and its flow rate depends upon the head of water, material and other soil
and water parameters. By keeping all the Soil and water parameters constant, it has been seen that the
seepage flow rate greatly varied for different water level and type of weir. This difference is about 100%
between two prototypes (Porous rock-fill weir and non-porous concrete made weir) by using SEEP/W
under steady state conditions.
SEISMIC MICROZONATION OF PESHAWAR
Usman Khan (CECOS University, Peshawar, malakusman@gmail.com), Naveed Ahmad
A recent research carriedout at the Earthquake Engineering Center of UET Peshawar on site-specific
seismic hazard analysis of district Peshawar at the micro zones level (5 km x 5 km grid size) is presented.
Analysis is performed using the methodolgy adopted by the NDMA of Pakistan in the national MHVRA.
Recent earthquake catalog is obtained from various national and international sources to develop
seismicity model. Most up-to-date ground motion prediction equations, tested and validated, are used to
calculate seismic intensity, PGA in the present case. The CRISIS software is used for classical PSHA to
develop seismic hazard maps for bedrock/rock outcrop for various return periods (50, 100, 250, 475,
2500). Furthermore, geotechnical SPT data is obtianed for 83 sites in Peshawar, which is employed for
the soil profiling. A suite of natural accelerograms were systematically obtained from the PEER NGA
database, scaled and matched to the bedrock acceleration response spectrum (code specified). The site soil
is modelled in DeepSoil software as 1D MDOF soil column, which is analyzed using nonlinear time
history analysis procedure. The ratio of the site soil response to the input excitation provided estimate of
the site amplification factor, which is used to amplify the bedrock/rock outcrop hazard maps in order to
obtain site-specific seismic microzonation maps. It has been observed for 475 years return period that the
northern parts of Peshawar are in Zone 3 and the southern parts are in Zone 2B. However, the building
code of Pakistan BCP-2007 places Peshawar in Zone 2B.
LASER BOUNCE LISTENING SYSTEM (LBLS)

Saad Hafeez (Hamdard University, Islamabad, mr.saadhafeez@gmail.com), Muhammad Asghar Khan,
M.Inam-ur-Rehman, Raees Muhammad Asif
A Laser Bounce Listening System (LBLS) is a surveillance device that is used for listening private
discussions from a far-off distance. It uses a laser beam to detect sound vibrations from a nearby
reflecting surface and returns to a receiver that converts the beam to an audio signal. LBLS is designed to
allow eavesdropping with a minimal chance of exposure. LBLS can be an effective gadget against
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terrorism and can be used by intelligence agencies as a spying tool for the places where it is difficult to
reach.
COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF EFFECTS OF MODIFIER IN

ASPHALTIC CONCRETE MIX
Zafar Ali Shah (Swedish College of Engineering & Technology, engr.mzafar2k9@gmail.com), Uneb
Gazder, Sharif Bhatti
The gradual increase in traffic volume, poor design and construction practices during the last few decades
in combination with lack of attention to highway maintenance has caused an accelerated and continuous
deterioration of the road network in Pakistan. Compromise on quality of construction, in addition to the
above factors, is the main cause of pavement failures, especially rutting. Rutting failure occurs when the
pavement surface exhibits wheel path depressions as a result of compaction/mix design problems. The
asphalt binder starts to become softer and eventually into viscous state with the increase in temperature
causing rutting. In this research, we have used different modification in bitumen to reduce rutting, and
compare with unmodified bitumen. We have used Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and crumbed
rubber as modifiers. These modifiers were used to examine the potential prospects for improving asphalt
binder properties against rutting. The compacted asphalt mixes were tested for resistance to rutting by
subjecting all the specimens to 10,000 repetitions of a loaded wheel. The rut depth for each specimen was
determined using wheel tracking machine. These samples were tested at 25C & 55C temperatures.
From this research, it is concluded that the crumbed rubber modified bitumen is a better option than
LDPE, especially at high temperatures. However, conventional (unmodified) bitumen gives satisfactory
performance at low temperatures.
ENERGY TRADING IN COOPERATIVE MICRO-GRIDS WITH RENEWABLE

ENERGY RESOURCES MICRO-GRID EQUIPPED WITH HETEROGENEOUS
ENERGY RESOURCES PRESENT THE IDEA OF SMALL SCALE DISTRIBUTED
ENERGY MANAGEMENT (DEM).
Zia Ullah
DEM helps in minimizing the transmission and operation costs, peak load demands. Micro-grid is the
collection of small, independent controllable power-generating units and renewable energy resources.
Micro-grids also motivate and enable active customer participation by giving accessibility of real time
information and control to the customer. The capability of fast restoration against faulty situation,
integration of renewable energy resources and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) make
micro-grid as an ideal candidate for distributed power systems. The energy management system of micro-
grids can perform real time energy forecasting of renewable resources, energy storage elements and
controllable loads in making proper short term scheduling to minimize total operating costs. We present a
review of existing micro-grids optimization objectives/Goals, constraints, solution approaches and tools
used in micro-grids for energy management. Cost benefit analysis of micro-grid reveals that cooperation
among different micro-grids can play a vital role in the reduction of import energy cost and system
stability. Cooperative micro-grids energy trading is an approach to electrical distribution energy resources
that allows local energy demands more controllable and reliable. Cooperation among different micro-
grids brings the inter connectivity and power trading issues. The literature review shows that the open
area of research is available for energy trading in cooperative micro-grids. In this research, the energy
trading within cooperative micro-grids can be formulated as a bi linear convex envelop problem.
Heuristic algorithm is developed to carry out the simulations. The designed algorithm yields satisfying
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results. This work can provide a foundation and new directions towards in depth study in the area of
energy trading for cooperative micro-grids.
IMPROVED SPECTRUM SENSING TECHNIQUE IN COGNITIVE RADIO

NETWORK
Muhammad Adnan (adnankhannzz@gmail.com)
Spectrum sensing is the key mechanism in enabling spectrum awareness in cognitive Radio. The
performance of the spectrum sensing depends on the local channel conditions such as the multipath,
shadowing and the receiver uncertainty issues. The conjunction of these conditions can result in regimes
where the signal strength is below the detection threshold of the sensor, resulting in missed detections. To
overcome these limitations, there have been several proposals made in the research community towards
the use of cooperation in spectrum sensing. In this paper a Cooperative Spectrum Sensing mechanism is
proposed. The model, proposed for the cooperative spectrum sensing is that each node will sense the
signal of interest and each node will take a 1 bit decision about the presence and absence of the desired
signal after that the local decision will forward to the Fusion Center. The Fusion Center will use hard
combination rule i.e. OR Rule, And Rule to detect the signal of interest is present or not and if the signal
of interest is present the Fusion Center will allocate that spectrum to most appropriate node to use it. In
the end of this paper simulation result shows that OR rule increases the speed of detection but decreases
the Cognitive Radio network performance due to more false alarms, where more preciseness and accuracy
is achieved by using AND rule for better performance in Cognitive Radio network. Hence we concluded
that AND rule is better than OR rule.
IMMEDIATE FAULT DETECTION & QUICK RESPONSE IN POWER

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM(DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM)
Hazrat Bilal (12mdele0040bilal@gmail.com)
The main aim of the paper is to inform the maintenance team about the exact location of the distribution
transformer whose fuse blows due to overloading or any other fault. The address is announced to the
maintenance team via 3G SMS service. Detection circuit examines the concerned distribution transformer
continuously and if the fuse is detected to be blown then ARDUINO (microcontroller) gets a triggering
signal. The arduino sends a specific code in SMS trough a sending 3G module which is interfaced serially
at the transformer site. Also LCD is interfaced with ARDUINO showing status of input to it. The SMS is
sent to a receiving 3Gmodule and mobile set at the maintenance staff and on user end software installed in
control room. Receiving 3G module is interfaced to a computer to serial port. When the message is
received by the user end software, a corresponding sound is played in loud volume to announce the
address of the concerned transformer to the operating personnel. After hearing the announcement, the
maintenance team is sent to replace the fuse. The announcement is repeated after a short interval as long
as the fuse is found blown. The announcement stops when the fuse is replaced by the workers or can be
switched off manually. This system scans the transformer for a blown fuse 24 hour a day automatically.
The system is reliable, economical and simple.
ONE-DIMENSIONAL TRIM LOSS MINIMIZATION IN STEEL MILL

Razaullah (Sarhad University, Peshawar, raza.me@suit.edu.pk), Asnaf Aziz, Majid Baseer
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This work aims to solve a real-world industrial problem of one-dimensional trim loss minimization that a
steel mill encounters on regular basis. The mill produces master reels of a standard width. The orders
received are for smaller widths called auxiliary widths. The objective is to meet the order using minimum
possible number of master reels. The study begins with determination of the width combinations of
auxiliary reels of different widths. The width combination process determines the quantity and cutting
patterns of reels of required sizes in a manner that minimizes trim losses while satisfying production
orders. The problem is solved in two phases. The first phase is based on Simplex Method that generally
leads to non-integer solution. The second phase uses binary programming in order to determine an integer
solution. The program is coded in MATLAB. Details of the models, solution methods and illustrative
computational results are included.
ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO EARTHQUAKE-INDUCED DAMAGES IN RC SMRF

STRUCTURES
Muhammad Rashid (Abasyn University, Peshawar), Naveed Ahmad
This study presents the seismic performance assessment of reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures
designed to modern buildings codes, to quantify the structural performance in terms of economic losses
due to earthquake-induced structural damages. The structures investigated in the present research
considered four (3,5,8,10 story) prototype RC special moment resisting frame (SMRF) structures
designed to Uniform Building Code97, also adopted in the Building Code of Pakistan. Quasi-static
cyclic tests carried out on special moment resistingbeamswere used for the development of damage scale
and beam reparability cost ratio. The considered structures were analyzed using incremental dynamic
analysis procedure using a set of seven natural and design spectrum compatible ground motions. Damage
to structural components were identified for each intensity level and integrated over the whole structure,
with the required repair cost, to calculate the structure repair cost ratio (RCR). The structure RCR was
correlated with the seismic intensity to develop seismic vulnerability curves, which can be used for the
economic loss estimation of SMRF structures given the seismic intensity. Such estimates can help the
stakeholders to take rational decisions regarding the design of structure during the planning phaseas the
structural performancewill be conveyed to them in termsrelevant to the needs of the stakeholder.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF FORCE-BASED PROCEDURE FOR SEISMIC DESIGN OF

RC SMRF STRUCTURES
Engr. Sajjad Ali, Naveed Ahmad (UET, Peshawar, naveed.ahmad@uetpeshawar.edu.pk)
This paper presents research carried out on the critical evaluation of force-based seismic design
procedure, given in the UBC-97 and Building Code of Pakistan BCP-2007, for the special moment
resisting frame (SMRF) structures. The investigation was carriedout on 2D special moment resisting
frame (SMRF) prototype structures (3,5,7,9,12,15 storeys), which were designed to FBD equivalent
lateral load method. The case study structures were then analyzed through nonlinear time history analysis
(NLTHA)using finite element based inelastic structural analysis software SeismoStruct, calibrated with
experimental tests on beam and column members, employing a suite of seven spectrum compatible
natural accelerograms extracted from the pacific earthquake engineering research center(PEER NGA)
database. It is observed that the FBD structures can exceed the code specified design drift limits,
however, it is highly dependent on the loads combination. Furthermore, the SMRF frame modelling
idealization effect is investigated on the response of structures, the drift response shows significant
variation and thus point to the importance of realistic modelling of frame structures for design
verification.
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INFLUENCE OF METAKOLINE ON THE STRENGTH AND DURABILITY OF
BLENDED CEMENT MORTAR
Shams ul Islam (CECOS University, shams@cecos.edu.pk), Basharat Ali, Muhamamd Daud, Kalsoom
Akash
The use of pozzolonic materials like Metakoline (MK) has shown significant intention in cement and
concrete from few decade. This attention not only enhance the utilization of wastes and industrial
byproducts but also bring a dramatic reduction in the manufacturing of Portland cement. Metakoline was
used as a partial replacement of cement in mortar, to check the strength, durability and rheological
behavior of mortar. The results obtained was compared with the control specimen, which shows that
Metakoline has significantly improved the strength and durability. It was concluded that Metakoline up-to
15% replacement of cement has shown approximately equal strength at 28 days but a 20% replacement
shown 2.5% more strength at 56 days.
COUPLED SOIL-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION MODEL FOR ABBOTTABADS

CLAY
Hassan Khan(UET, Peshawar, hk3034@gmail.com), Irshad Ahmad
Most of the civil engineering structures belong to near ground surface, their design necessitate the
evaluation of moisture transfer between the ground surface and atmosphere. The main objective of this
work was to develop a soil atmosphere interaction model for predicting the variation of degree of
saturation and suction stress with respect to time and depth in the clayey deposits of Abbottabad city. A
one dimensional numerical model was developed for the homogeneous inorganic low plasticity clay (CL)
of Abbottabad city, by coupling material properties with climate condition. Results showed high water
absorption and retention capacities for the investigated soil deposit. The degree of saturation and suction
stress variation with respect to time and depth extended to 4m below the ground surface. Recurring
variations in the degree of saturation and the corresponding suction stress were highest at and near the
ground surface and gradually decreased with depth. A maximum suction stress of 485kPa corresponding
to the minimum degree of saturation of 53% was predicted on 6th July, 2015. The results of the study
suggest that the soil atmosphere modeling is a simple approach that can be used with reasonable degree of
confidence for predicting the variation of pore water pressure of unsaturated soils considering all the
climatic parameters.
EXPLORATORY STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF FLY ASH IN CEMENT MORTAR

Shams ul Islam (CECOS University, shams@cecos.edu.pk), Basharat Ali, Kalsoom Akash, Muhamamd
Daud
Pozzolans are silicate based materials incorporated in cement and concrete to produce additional
cementitious materials by reacting with the excess lime produced during the cement hydration. Locally
available Fly ash is used in the range of 0-25% is a partial replacement of cement (by mass) in mortar to
check the compressive strength, packing density, permeability and durability. Cube mortar of dimensions
2 " 2 " 2 " were casted at 1:3 with a water to cement ration of 0.50 for 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and
25% and were cured for 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. The hardened specimens were tested for compressive
strength after 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56. The results shows that the partial replacement of cement by fly ash,
increases the packing density, decreases permeability which ultimately decrease the water demand and
hence increase the compressive strength at later ages. Also fly ash blended mortar increase the durability
of cement mortar.
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THE EVALUATION OF THE MICROSTRUCTURE IN METAKOLINE MODIFIED
CEMENT MORTAR
Shams ul Islam, CECOS University, shams@cecos.edu.pk), Kalsoom Akash, Basharat Ali, Muhamamd
Daud
The utilization of wastes and industrial products has received a substantial concerns in construction
industry now a days. In this study, Metakoline (MK) as used as a pozzolonic materials in mortar and the
compressive strength and microstructure was investigated. Mortar cubes of dimensions 2 " 2 " 2 "
were casted at 1:3 with a water to cement ration of 0.5 for 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% and were
cured for 28 days. The microstructure of Metakoline (MK) blended cement mortar at the age of 28 days
has been observed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The results shows that the Metakoline
influence the microstructure by reacting with the free lime produced due to cement hydration and form
pozzolonic compounds which improve the pore structure of mortar. At 15% replacement of cement by
MK, the microstructure analysis demonstrates a compact mortar, with less voids, perfect bonding with
constituents and good compressive strength.
ENHANCED HETEROGENEOUS HETROGENEOUS CELLULAR NETWORKS TO

ENABLE THE CELL EDGE USER PERFORMANCE
Fazal Muhammad (GIKI, Topi, Swabi, fazal_engr@giki.edu.pk), Ziaul Haq Abbas
Due to massive disparities in coverage ranges, a cell association scheme plays a significant role in
accomplishing maximum performance gain in heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs). Approaches
studied so far in the state-of-the-art are largely focused on the downlink (DL) user-BS association, also
regarded as maximum power received association scheme, where a user associates with a single BS both
in DL and uplink (UL) directions. Due to the limited coverage range of small-cell base stations (SBSs),
fewer number of users are associated with them. This limits the resource utilization of SBSs and, thus,
restrains the network performance because of imbalanced load distributions. Cell range expansion (CRE)
based cell association is one of the promising approaches to address this load balancing issue. However,
DL association scheme is ill-suited in dense HCNs because of the asymmetric traffic distributions in DL
and UL directions. In this paper, besides CRE based cell association, we also use joint DL-UL decoupled
association (DU-DeA) to further enhance the network performance gain. Furthermore, we characterize the
association probabilities for the joint DL-UL coupled association (DU-CoA) and DU-DeA; and evaluate
the performance metrics such as coverage and capacity of the proposed model. Our results show that DU-
DeA outperforms all other methods such as DU-CoA with and without load balancing.
FEW DECADES SURVEY ON RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SMART GRID

APPROACH
Raees Muhammad Asif (Hamdard University, Islamabad, raees.asif@hamdard.edu.pk), Adnan Aziz, Inam
Ur Rehman, Humayon Salah Uddin
This paper presents in detail survey on renewable energy resources and smart grid approach. Particularly
in the sense that how much potential Pakistan has to produce energy from renewable energy resources.
There are many ways through which Pakistan can cut short energy losses especially by implementing
smart grid approach. Efficient development of smart grids with information technology (IT) such as
sensors digital meters and communication networks will help in increasing power transfers and reducing
64
energy losses. Photovoltaic (PV) and wind power have been getting particular attention as they are cheap,
environment friendly and do not emit greenhouse gas.
Grid we know today is insufficient to serve us in the future, thats why we need an intelligent grid that
supports the future needs of society. This paper presents demerits of existing power delivery system and
suggests the better power management system.
AN OPTIMAL HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM BASED ON TIME OF USE

PRICING SCHEME IN SMART GRID
Fahad Nawaz (UET, Peshawar, engr.fahad5770@gmail.com), Ihsan Ullah, Gulzar Ahmed
An efficient appliance scheduling model for smart appliances, automation control and cost efficient
energy scheduling for residential smart users is proposed in this paper. The household appliances are
monitored to expend the energy efficiently that leads to potentially balance the demand side as well as the
supply side more effectively that results in the minimization of the power Peak-to-Average Ratio (PAR).
Moreover, it provides benefits to the end users in the form of minimized electricity cost and energy
expense. In this paper, an Evolutionary Algorithms (EA), i.e., Binary Particle Swarm Optimization
(BPSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) based Home Energy Management System (HEMS) model is
proposed and developed that monitors and schedules the operating pattern of the household appliances.
The proposed model monitors and controls the operation pattern of the appliances to achieve the
maximum end users comfort level and schedules the appliances in such a manner that the appliances
operate during low peak hours. The proposed HEMS model allows the residents to schedule their
appliances to avoid the peak hours in order to minimize the PAR. The end users get benefits in the form
of a reduced electricity bill by minimizing the PAR.
EFFECT OF RICE HUSK ASH ON THE STRENGTH AND PROPERTIES OF BRICKS

Shams ul Islam (CECOS University, Peshawar, shams@cecos.edu.pk), Muhamamd Daud, Basharat Ali,
Kalsoom Akash
Utilization of Burnt clay bricks in construction is famous from few decade around the world. The use of
waste materials in the manufacturing of bricks not only enhance the properties of bricks but also utilize
the waste materials in a sophisticated way. This aims of this study is to investigate the effect of the waste
materials obtained from rice as a rice husk ash in manufacturing of bricks. Rice Husk Ash (RHA) was
obtained from the local mill. Standard size bricks were prepared at an industrial brick kiln plant using the
several dosages of RHA as a partial replacement of clay by weight i.e. 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% , 25% and
30%. Discrimination of the quality of bricks were studied and also mechanical and physical properties
were checked. Replacement up-to 15% of RHA gives good compressive strength which fulfills the
requirements of Pakistan Building code requirements (i.e. > 5 MPa). It also gives good sound, smooth
surfaces, perfect edges, lesser efflorescence, lighter weight and less absorption.
EENMBAN: ENERGY EFFICIENT MODEL FOR BODY AREA NETWORKS

NoumanSadiq (UET, Peshawar, noumansadiq04@gmail.com), Syed Waqar Shah, Mustaan Siddiqi
The sensors within Wireless body area sensor networks (WBANs) are located in a dispersed manner and
therefore require a thorough level of management to administer properly. For the network throughput to
increase by a considerable margin the design of energy efficient and path-loss aware routing scheme is
required. This research is primarily concerned with the design of an Energy Efficient Model for Body
Area Networks (EENMBAN) in order to extend the network life-time of multi-hop WBANs through
65
energy efficient routing. It is evident from the simulation results that our proposed protocol EENMBAN
increases the network lifetime, lowers the path-loss and increases the packet delivery ratio. EENMBAN
proved more efficient in terms of throughput in comparison to Link Aware and Energy Efficient routing
protocol for Body Area networks (LAEEBA) and joint Power Control Scheme (PEH-QoS) by 70% and
90% respectively. In terms of residual energy, our protocol outperformed its competitors by 33.3%
(LAEEBA) and 49.5% (PEH-QoS).
TOWARDS COOPERATIVE DIVERSITY IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

(COOP-WSN)
Mustaan Siddiqi (UET, Peshawar, mustaansiddiqi@gmail.com), Syed Waqar Shah, Sheeraz Ahmed,
NoumanSadiq
Energy efficiency is one of the major concern for WSNs as the replacing the batteries is not possible.
Introduction of cooperation in sensor networks effectively decreases the energy consumption as well as
the loss of information due to channel fading is reduced by using cooperative path. Adaptive cooperation
makes the nodes capable to communicate via direct link or through the relaying links and mode of
communication depends on the residual energy and SNR. A new scheme is presented named as Coop-
WSN. Performance analysis is done via simulation and comparison is done with the COPE and Space-
Time WSN. Simulations have been done to validate the performance of proposed scheme with the other
protocols. Results show that Coop-WSN protocol has better performance with respect to the Packet
delivery, energy consumption and stability period. Presented scheme enhances the net end-to-end delay
having a tradeoff with network life time.
A NUMERICAL STUDY ON BRICK MASONRY TO INVESTIGATE TENSILE

PARAMETERS FOR DAMAGE PLASTICITY MATERIAL MODEL
Adil Rafiq (City University, Peshawar, adilrafiq09@gmail.com, Muhammad Fahad, Mohammad Adil
Numerical modeling of brick masonry has been a challenging task for years. There are a number of
possible factors that affects the results of a numerical model, primarily due to its composition (Brick units
and Mortar). Therefore in compression masonry is good in carrying load while in case of tension its
capacity is very low. It is due to this reason most of the conventional numerical models for masonry
neglect its tensile properties. In this paper various models for tensile behavior are discussed that can be
used for the modeling of Brick Masonry. A state-of-the-art finite element based analysis and modelling
tool known as ABAQUS is used for this study. It has a number of models for different materials, out of
which Concrete Damage Plasticity Model (CDPM) is used. The numerical results are compared to the
results of a Ph.D work.Since brick masonry is a highly disjointed material, it is a complicated procedure
to develop exact model and predict its exact behaviour. However, the overall representative load-
displacement curve developed numerically was in good agreement with the ones produced
experimentally.
VALUATION OF IMPERMEABILITY AND SOROPTIVITY OF RICE HUSK ASH &

WHEAT STRAW ASH IN CONCRETE
Shams ul Islam (CECOS University, Peshawar, Shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Waqas Ahmad, Zafar Iqbal,
Muhamamd Naeem, Muhamamd Usman
Dampness in concrete structure is a very serious issues nationwide. The main cause of dampness is
moisture which is due to capillary action in floor and due to permeable concrete in slab. This study is
66
devoted to investigate the use of pozzolonic materials in concrete to make the concrete impermeable and
damp proof. Two type of pozzolans i.e. rice husk ash (RHA) and Wheat straw ash (WSA) was used in
concrete as a partial replacement of cement. Concrete cubes of 6"6"6" and hollow cubes were casted
and cured for 28 days for the various percentages of RHA and WSA, for permeability and Sorptivity test.
The results shows that RHA concrete up-to 20% and WHA up-to 15% gives much better results than
normal concrete.
STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF CONCRETE FOR DIFFERRENT SOURCES OF

AGGREGATES USED IN PESHAWAR
Shams ul Islam (CECOS University, Peshawar, Shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Faisal Hayat, Adnan Khan,
Shumama Nusrat, Adnan Qaiser
Characteristics of aggregates have substantial effect on the performance of concrete. The selection of
aggregate have a vital role in the mix design of concrete. This study is dedicated to investigate the effect
of aggregates (fine and coarse) of different sources on the compressive strength of concrete and compare
it with the standard strength of concrete (i.e. 3000 Psi for a 1:2:4 concrete with a water to cement ratio of
0.5) generally used in Peshawar. Coarse aggregate of one source is mixed with fine aggregates of
different sources and similarly the fine with different coarse aggregate different sources in concrete
mixes. Concrete cylinders for different mixes were casted and were cured for 7 and 28 days. Tests results
shown 20-30% deviation from the standard strength for some sources.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEEPAGE AND DISCHARGE FOR RIVER INDUS IN

DISTRICT SWABI (KPK)
Shams ul Islam (CECOS University, Peshawar, Shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Shah Fahad, Shazia Batool,
Syed Mansoor Ali
Seepage from rivers in the nearby areas cause waterlogging which is a major problems for construction
industry especially in populated regions. This study is used to investigate the seepage and discharge
relationship of River Indus at District Swabi. The river Indus received many tributaries and the quantity
of discharge varies along its length. To find the discharge, a monthly data of Nine years (2002 to 2010)
was collected from the hydrological department and the seepage loses were calculated by using different
empirical equations (i.e. Nazir Ahmad, Yennidunia, Pakistani formula and Molesworth and Yennidunia
formulae). Discharge of river Indus is plotted against the average values of these equations and a
relationship of discharge and seepage is established.
BOND STRENGTH OF NORMAL CONCRET FOR DIFFERENT SIZES AND

EMBEDMENTS
Shams ul Islam (CECOS University, Peshawar, Shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Muhammad Ansar, Rukhsar Ul
Amin, Muhamamd Rizwan, AfhamUl Haq
Bond strength is of utmost importance in composite action of reinforced concrete. Experimental

investigation was carried out to find the bond stress and slip relationship between the normal concrete and
steel bars of #3, #4 and #5 (plain bars). Concrete cylinders of normal concrete 1:2:4 was casted with water
cement ratio of 0.5 and steel was embedded for 12",8" and 4" for each #3, #4 and #5 bars individually.
The test specimens were cured for 28 days and were tested. The tests results shows that bond strength
decreases as the bar diameter increases and causes the splitting of concrete cylinders. Also increase in the
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embedded length increase the bond strength of concrete. For smaller diameter of bars, yielding of steel
was observed at an embedded length of 12" and 8".
TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF CONCRETE BY USING FLY ASH

Shams ul Islam (CECOS University, Peshawar, Shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Bazid Khan, Haris Alam,
Iftikhar Azim, Muhammad Adeel Khan
The disposal of industrial wastes like Fly Ash is one of the main challenging problems worldwide. This
study revealed the effect of Fly Ash(FA) as a partial replacement of cement by mass on the consistency,
setting time of cement and compressive strength of concrete. The ordinary Portland cement(OPC) was
partially replaced by 5 to 30 % FA and was compared with the control mix. The normal consistency,
setting times and the compressive strength for all specimens were determined. The results shown that
increase in FA content rises the demand of water and hence increase the consistency but the increased FA
content delayed the setting time of cement. Also the incorporation of FA in concrete affects the
compressive strength.
EFFECT OF FIBER GLASS ON THE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE

Shams ul Islam(CECOS University, Pakistan shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Bazid Khan, HarisAlam
Concrete is a most plentiful of all man made materials, weak in tensions and stronger in compression. An
attempt has been made in this research to investigate the effect of glass fiber on the compressive strength
and ductility of concrete. Glass fiber is added in the range of 0 to 1% of the total volume of concrete, also
glass fiber is checked with the addition of fly ash (FA) in concrete. Concrete cylinders were casted and
cured for 28 days and tested for compressive strength. Tests results revealed an enhancement in the
compressive strength and ductility by providing a confinement effect. Moreover, the incorporation of FA
increase the packing effect of concrete.
TOWARDS AN ENERGY-EFFICIENT AND THROUGHPUT AWARE SCHEME FOR

BANS
NoumanSadiq (University of Engineering & Technology,noumansadiq04@gmail.com), Syed Waqar Shah,
Sheeraz Ahmed, MustaanSiddiqi.
Sensors within Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are deployed in a dispersed manner and require
a higher level of management for proper administration. For the network throughput to increase by a
considerable margin,an energy efficient and path-loss aware routing scheme is required. This research is
primarily focused withthe design of an Energy Efficient Network Model for BANs called EENMBAN to
extend the network life-time through energy efficient routing. It is evident from simulation resultsthat our
proposed scheme EENMBAN increases the network lifetime, lowers path-loss and improves network
throughput as compared to existing schemes. The scheme is giving better results in terms of throughput in
comparison to Link Aware and Energy Efficient routing protocol for BANs(LAEEBA) and Joint Power
Control Scheme (PEH-QoS) by 70% and 90% respectively. Considering residual energy, our protocol
outperformed its competitors by 33.3% and 49.5% respectively.
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COMPREHENSIVE INVESTIAGTION ON THE PULL-OUT STRENGTH OF TAR
BARS IN NORMAL AND HIGH STRENGTH CONCRTE
Shams ul Islam, (CECOS University,Pakistan shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Muhammad Ansar, RukhsarUl
Amin, MuhamamdRizwan, AfhamUlHaq,
In reinforced concrete, many parameters have significant influence on the transferring of force from steel
bars to concrete. This research is used to check the influence of bar diameter and embedded length on the
pull-out strength of normal and high strength concrete(HSC). Concrete cylinders were casted for pull out
tests, using Grade40, tar bars of dia #3, #4 #5 and for different embedded length i.e. 12, 8" 4.
The pullout tests were performed after 28 days curing. Tests results demonstrate that HSC increase the
bond strength. Tar bar of #5 cause splitting of concrete cylinders both in normal and HSC. This shows
that pullout strength decreases as the bar diameter increases. Also the pull out strength increases with the
increased embedded length for Normal and HSC.
ON GRID HYBRID AC DC INTELLIGENT CONVERTER

Mubashar Javid(mubashar_3001@yahoo.com)
As the energy crisis in Pakistan and some other countries are increasing day by day, peoples of these
countries are facing many problems due to these crises. Here this research introduces intelligent systems,
which provide sufficient energy by providing/controlling hybrid energy in such a way to utilize it fully.
The main advantage of this system is that, it has more than one source, if one source is not able to fulfill
the requirement of consumer it will be automatically shifted to another available source(partially or fully
dependent on scenario). The objective of this research is to identify robust technology which achieves
considerable reductions in breakdown of electricity. This system has three sources natural (hybrid),
wapda (main), generator. It is very difficult and time consuming to shift from one source to another
manually. To tackle this problem intelligent source management scheme/ on grid AC DC hybrid system
is developed. The system will first prefer to utilize natural source fully and then shifts to another source.
This all information will shows on LCD screen i.e. which source is available and utilizing, as well as it
shows the loads is driven by which source.
AUTOMATIC PARABOLIC REFLECTOR TRACKING SYSTEM FOR WATER

HEATING SYSTEM
Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technologies are gaining increasing interest in electricity generation due
to the good potential for scaling up renewable energy at the utility level. Parabolic trough solar collector
(PTC) is economically the most proven and advanced of the various CSP technologies. The modelling of
these devices is a key aspect in the improvement of their design and performances which can represent a
considerable increase of the overall efficiency of solar power plants. In the subject of modelling and
improving the performances of PTCs and their heat collector elements (HCEs), the thermal, optical and
aerodynamic study of the fluid flow and heat transfer is a powerful tool for optimizing the solar field
output and increase the solar plant performance. This thesis is focused on the implementation of a general
methodology able to thermal, optical and aerodynamic behavior of PTCs. The methodology followed for
the thermal modelling of a PTC, taking into account the realistic non-uniform solar heat flux in the
azimuthal direction is presented. Although abs initio, the finite volume method (FVM) for solving the
radiative transfer equation was considered, it has been later discarded among other reasons due to its high
computational cost and the unsuitability of the method for treating the finite angular size of the Sun. To
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overcome these issues, a new optical model has been proposed. The new model, which is based on both
the FVM and ray tracing techniques, uses a numerical-geometrical approach for considering the optic
cone. The effect of different factors, such as: incident angle, geometric concentration and rim angle, on
the solar heat flux distribution is addressed. The accuracy of the new model is verified and better results
than the Monte Carlo Ray Tracing (MCRT) model for the conditions under study are shown.
Furthermore, the thermal behavior of the PTC taking into account the no uniform distribution of solar flux
in the azimuthal direction is analyzed. A general performance model based on an energy balance about
the HCE is developed. Heat losses and thermal performances are determined and validated with Sandia
Laboratories tests. The study has also considered different pitch angles mimicking the actual conditions of
the PTC tracking mechanism along the day. Aerodynamic loads, i.e. drag and lift coefficients, are
calculated and validated with measurements performed in wind tunnels. The indepen- dance of the
aerodynamic coefficients with Reynolds numbers in the studied range is shown. Regarding the convection
heat transfer taking place around the receiver, averaged local Nussle number for the different pitch angles
and Reynolds numbers have been computed and the influence of the parabola in the heat losses has been
analyzed. Last but not the least, the detailed analysis of the unsteady forces acting on the PTC structure
has been conducted by means of the power spectra of several probes. The analysis has led to detect an
increase of instabilities when moving the PTC to intermediate pitch angles. At these positions, the shear-
layers formed at the sharp corners of the parabola interact shedding vortices with a high level of
coherence. The coherent turbulence produces vibrations and stresses on the PTC structure which increase
with the Reynolds number and eventually, might lead to structural failure under certain conditions. The
good part of this project is that the trough move automatically according to time frame for maximum
power point tracking. Which basically heat up the water for general use. This water can also be used for
generation using thermoelectric material.
A COMPARISON STUDY OF ORDINARY AND MULTILEVEL INVERTER USING

SOLAR POWERED
Conventional inverters have many limitations in high-voltage and high-power applications like poor
power quality, high voltage stress etc. In recent years, multilevel inverters (MLI) are becoming
alternatives for high-power applications due to their good power quality. Many attractive features of this
modern power electronic converter topology have been told in the literature on multilevel inverters types,
modulation techniques, and applications. In this thesis seven level inverter is simulated, analyzed and
compared with conventional inverter (sine inverter) drives.
MATLAB BASED REAL TIME CONTROL IMPLEMENTATION OF DC SERVO

MOTOR
The DC servo motor has applications in automotive market in applications ranging from heating and
ventilation to power mirror positioning. It is also in use in Industrial and Consumer Markets for
entertainment equipment, HVAC ventilation control and myriad number of other applications.
In all these applications, either speed or position control of the DC servo motor is used. In this project, we
have achieved MATLAB based real-time speed and direction controlling for variable load is
implemented. For a more efficient speed control, closed loop control system of the servo motor is realized
with the help of a tuned PID controller.
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WIND -SOLAR HYBRID POWER GENERATION MODEL
The detailed study of electrical power systems is a key element of many curricula in Industrial
Technology. Here we are going to design and implement for learning electrical power system and
renewable energy concepts. The set-up consists of a photo-voltaic solar-cell array, a mast mounted wind
generator, lead-acid storage batteries, an inverter unit to convert DC power to AC power, electrical
lighting loads and electrical heating loads, several fuse and junction boxes and associated wiring, and test
instruments for measuring voltages, currents, different electrical parameters throughout the system. This
hybrid solar-wind power generating system is extensively used to illustrate electrical concepts in hands-
on laboratories and demonstrations in the Industrial Technology curriculum. The basic concept of this
research project is to analyze and monitor the different parameters effect on the generation of hybrid
system, i.e. intensity effect, temperature effect on solar panel, and wind effect, RPM effect on wind
turbine generation. Here the system will also be kept under such conditions to improve the efficiency.
Later on the design system will be compared with the subjective system to show the better generation
then the reference system
TO DESIGN A DIGITAL CNG INDICATOR FOR FUEL MONITORING
Today in this digitized world, if the fuel indicator in the automobiles is also made digital it will
help to know the exact amount of fuel available in the fuel tank. In recent time the fuel was
indicated in the bar or analog watch form which basically indicates five levels full, high, medium, low
and empty. The above furnished fact is considered in our project and we found out a proper
solution for indicating the exact availability of fuel in the CNG tank digitally. Here, we are
indicating the amount of fuel in the tank in percentage(%). This value in percentage will be in
numerical digits (ex: 1%, 2%, 99% etc.). This project mainly concentrates about the indication of fuel
level in all kinds of vehicles. Various other features like the which fuel source is in use (ex: petrol or
CNG) is added with this arrangement which will explain the clear performance of the vehicle to
the corresponding fuel.
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING BASED HAND GESTURE ROBOT

Once the gesture recognition models are described, a human-robot interaction System that explo its
emotion and attention to regulate and adapt the robotic in- attractive behavior is proposed. In particular,
the system is focused on the relation between arousal, predictability, and attentional all ocation
considering as a case Study a robotic manipulator interacting with a human operator.The word robot can
refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as bots.
There is no consensus on which machines qualify as robots but there is general agreement among experts,
and the public, that robots tend to do some or all of the following: move around, operate a mechanical
limb, sense and manipulate their environment, and exhibit intelligent behavior especially behavior
which mimics humans or other animals. The comfort of being able to take control of devices from one
particular location has become imperative as it saves a lot of time and effort. Therefore there arises a need
to do so in a systematic manner which we have tried to implement with our system, the difficulty faced by
user is to control their cars robot and other devices remotely from sitting far apart by using RF-
remote.The project is based on developing a system, which uses RF technology that keeps control of the
various units of the Robot, which executes with respect to the signal sent by the module. This system
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uses microcontroller as a central part to control the direction and movement of the Robot. The movement
of the robot depends upon the movement (or direction) of the hand. Here DIP (digital image processing)
tool will be used to track the hand direction and inform the controller regarding the hand direction, where
RF will be used to transmit the information to the receiver end.
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION SYSTEM WITH THE PROVISION OF LOAD

MANAGEMENT AND ALERTS USING GSM
This paper presents modeling, simulation as well as practical implementation for transformer protection.
This work also provides control system for the case when transformer is overloaded. Also it takes into
account all the 3-phases of the distribution transformer at the same time; moreover an alert system has
been used that uses GSM technology which alerts the utility company about the status of transformer and
load. The result of this system shows the benefit, improvement and reliability of the power system.
MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING FOR WIND TURBINE

The prototype system is built for capture the maximum renewable power for increasing the efficiency or
increase the generation power. In Recent time maximum power point is built for solar system, which
basically capture the maximum light through LDR (light dependent resistor) and motor will rotate the
panel in the direction of sun for maximum capturing of light. In this project we are going to build
maximum power point tracking (MPPT) for wind turbine, ordinary wind turbine have tail on its back
which basically rotate the turbine in the direction of wind, but here instead of ordinary method we are
going to use sensor called compass which capture the air direction and rotate the turbine in the direction
of maximum wind flow. This system will be highly stable and light weight comparative with the ordinary
turbine.
CELLULAR MOBILE COMMUNICATION REVIEW

Mobile communication is continuously one of the hottest areas that are developing at a booming speed,
with advanced techniques emerging in all the fields of mobile and wireless communications. This thesis
deals with the comparative study of wireless cellular technologies namely First Generation Second
Generation, Third Generation, and Fourth Generation. A cellular network or mobile network is a radio
network distributed overland areas called cells, each served by at least one fixed-location transceiver,
known as a cell site or base station. In a cellular network, each cell uses a different set of frequencies from
neighboring cells, to avoid interference and provide guaranteed bandwidth within each cell. The First
Generation were referred to as cellular, which was later shortened to "cell", Cell phone signals were based
on analog system transmissions, and First Generation devices were comparatively less heavy and
expensive. Second Generation phones deployGSM technology. Global System for Mobile
communications or GSM uses digital modulation to improve voice quality but the network offers limited
data service. The Third Generation revolution allowed mobile telephone customers to use audio, graphics
and video applications. Fourth Generation is short for fourth-generation cellphones or/and hand held
devices.
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MATLAB BASED CAR NUMBER PLATE RECOGNITION SYSTEM
Basically video surveillance system is used for security purpose as well as monitoring systems. But
Detection of moving object is a challenging part of video surveillance. Video surveillance system is used
for Home security, Military applications, Banking /ATM security, Traffic monitoring etc. Now a days
due to decreasing costs of high quality video surveillance systems, human activity detection and tracking
has become increasingly in practical. Accordingly, automated systems have been designed for numerous
detection tasks, but the task of detecting illegally parked vehicles has been left largely to the human
operators of surveillance systems. The detection of asian countries vehicles by their number plates is the
most interesting and challenging research topic from past few years. It is observed that the number plates
of vehicles are in different shape and size and also have different colour in various countries. This work
proposes a method for the detection and identification of vehicle number plate that will help in the
detection of number plates of authorized and unauthorized vehicles.This thesis presents an approach
based on simple but efficient letter detection or OCR method. This approach is simplified to segmented
all the letters and numbers used in the number plate by using bounding box method. After segmentation
of numbers and characters present on number plate, template matching approach is used to recognition of
numbers and characters. The concentrate is given to locate the number plate region properly to segment
all the number and letters to identify each number separately.
EFFECT OF WHEAT STRAW ASH ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF

CONCRETE
Shams ul Islam, (CECOS University Peshawar, Shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Muhamamd Usman,
MuhamamdNaeem, Zafar Iqbal, Waqas Ahmad,
An experimental work was carried out to investigate the influence of wheat straw ash (WSA) on the
mechanical properties of concrete. The mechanical properties of concrete include Compressive and
flexural strength. WSA was used as a partial replacement of cement from 0% to 25% in concrete mixes.
Concrete cylinders of 6" 12" were casted for compressive strength tests and cured
for 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Also concrete beams of 6" 6" with a length of 18" were casted for flexural
strength. Tests specimens shown approximately equal compressive strength at a level of 10% and 15%
WSA for 28 and 56 days respectively. The flexure strength decreases for the increased in WSA contents
and shown 6% less strength for 10% WSA.
STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF FLY ASH BASED CEMENT MORTAR AT ELEVATED

TEMPERATURE
Shams ul Islam, (CECOS University Peshawar, shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Bazid Khan, HarisAlam
An experimental work was carried out to check the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of fly
ash (FA) based cement mortar at elevated temperature. Mixes of mortar with a ratio of 1:3 and w/c ratio
of 0.60 was prepared. A partial replacement of cement by FA (by mass) was carried out for 0%, 10%,
20%, 30% and 40%. The tests specimens were cured for 7, 28 and 56 days. Tests results revealed that
compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of all the percentages of FA was lower than the control
mix. Also tests were conducted for various temperature i.e. 50, 80 100, which shows that
increase in temperature decrease the compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of mortar.
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USE OF OVERBURNT BRICK IN ASPHALT PAVEMENT
Shams ul Islam, (CECOS University Peshawar,shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Kamran Iqbal, Abdullah, Atif
Usman, Taj Muhammad,
Asphalt pavement comprises of about 95% aggregates. A large amount of quarried aggregates frequently
used in construction of highways causing significant losses of energy and environment. The use of wastes
like over burnt bricks (OBB) as aggregates in asphalt pavements might sluggish down the harmful effects
on the environment. In this experimental program, OBB obtained from brick kilns as a waste material
were used in asphalt pavements. Different tests like Aggregate impact value, Loss Angeles abrasion and
Marshal Stability flow tests were conducted on these OBB aggregates. Tests results revealed that physical
properties OBB aggregates are within the standard limitations of pavements and can be used in light to
medium trafficked asphalt pavements.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF HYDRAULIC RAM PUMP

Ejaz ul Haq, Razaullah, Qaiser Ishfaq, Riaz Hussain, Taufeeq Ahmad
The aim of this research is to fabricate an efficient hydraulic ram pump that has practically no running
cost and needs minimum maintenance, simple in construction and to fulfill the required specification.
This device uses the water hammering effect to develop pressure that allows a portion of the input water
to a point higher than the point where the water originally started, since it requires no outside source
(electricity or fuel) other than the kinetic energy of flowing water. It can be used in remote areas. To
enhance the efficiency of the pump, a lot of experimentation work has been done by changing its
parameters like pump inlet lengths, pump inlet diameters and valves. Also finding the effect of different
material specifications, like flexible PVC pipe at the pump inlet as well as hard PVC pipe at the pump
inlet.
EFFECT OF AGGREGATES GRAIN SIZE ON MODULUS OF ELASTICITY OF

CONCRETE
Shams Ul Islam, (CECOS University Peshawar, Shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), ShumamaNusrat, Adnan
Qaiser, Faisal Hayat, Adnan Khan,
In experimental work was performed on ordinary concrete to check the modulus of elasticity by using
different sizes of fine and coarse aggregates generally used in Peshawar, with a w/c ratio of 0.55.
Concrete cylinders of diameter 6" 12" were casted and cured for 28 days for all six types of
aggregates (three fine and three coarse from different sources). Uniaxial loading tests were performed on
cylindrical specimens after curing to obtain () () and to find the static modulus of
elasticity. The analysis of shown that aggregates grain size have significant effect on the
static modulus of elasticity of concrete.
SUSTAINABLE APPLICATION OF RECYCLED CONCRETE IN REINFORCED

CONCRETE FRAME ELEMENTS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Asif Ali, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar,Asifali6794@gmail.com),
Muhammad Javed, Muhammad Adil
Recycled Aggregate although environment friendly, yields concrete of low compressive strength.
Furthermore, the literature shows that the typical construction methods in Pakistan, which is a developing
74
country, also produces low strength concrete. It is well known that reinforced concrete strength, ductility
and energy dissipation capacity increases with increase in confining reinforcement ratio. Thus concrete
fabricated from low strength concrete and improved confinement will exhibit more ductility, therefore,
suitable for use anywhere specially earthquake prone areas. There are different confining models
developed over time to estimate the possible increase in strength and ductility in concrete. These models
are not tested for low strength concrete as it is not general practice to fabricate low strength concrete. This
paper gives a review of the confining models that can possibly be used for the design of recycled
aggregate low strength concrete. Future work is also recommended to experimentally validate some of the
recommended confining models for strength and ductility enhancement.
IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSISOF DEMAND SIDE MANAGEMENT

TECHNIQUES FORINDUSTRIAL LOADS
Muhammad Zakariya Khan, AbraizKhattak, Naseem Ullah, Adam Khan
This work aims at implementation of a class of load management techniques with efficient and effective
methods to deal with the variation of load in power plants in general, while concentrating on diesel power
plants in particular. Based on real time data collection load has been determined for a selected industry,
during different hours of a day. The base load data and peak hour information is carefully collected and a
tentative generation plan is developed. Based on the peaks for various consumers, the generation is
divided as peak load and base load. Before the implementation of demand side management (DSM)
techniques the load profile of the industry was analyzed carefully and techniques those can be more
helpful than others are applied. In order to see the effect, the implementation of demand side management
techniques power system is analyzed which shows positive results for power supply companies to save
and utilize the available power effectively. Moreover, commercial and residential consumers can also be
encircled in demand side management techniques.
TO INVESTIGATE THE PULL OUT BEHAVIOR OF PLAIN BARS IN NORMAL

CONCRETE
Shams ul Islam (CECOS University Peshawar,shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), MuhamamdRizwan,
AfhamUlHaq, Muhammad Ansar, RukhsarUl Amin,
Experimental works was carried out to evaluate the pull out behavior of plain bars in normal concrete.
Pull out tests on cylinders of dimensions 12" height and 6" with deformed steel of #3, #4 and #5 bars
for an embedment of 12",8" and 4" were performed. The main variables of this work was the embedded
length (i.e. 12",8" and 4") and steel grade i.e. Grade 40 and Grade 60. Tests results revealed that for larger
dia of bars, i.e. # 5, all the embedment length gives comparatively equal strength for Grade 40 & Grade
60. (i.e. same for 4, 8 and 12) but yielding was observed for #3 and #4 bars at an embedment of 12.
Also Grade 60 gives better results than Grade 40.
COMPARISON OF PERFORMANCE OF BASECOURSE UNTREATED AND LIME

TREATED AGGREGATES AT VARYING MOISTURE AND GRADATION
Khalid Mahmoud, (UET, Taxila, Khalidmehmood65@hotmail.com),JawadHussain; AwaisBajwa, Arslan
Khalid
Unbound Granular Materials (UGMs) are extensively used as base course materials around the world as
they are capable to bear high traffic loads and are more economical as compared to bound materials. This
research paper presents permanent deformation behavior of untreated and lime treated base course
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material. Two types of gradations are used in this research NHA-A and NHA-B. This research
investigates the effect of moisture changes, lime stabilized and change in gradation on the permanent
deformation of Unbound Granular Materials (UGMs) of flexible pavement. The water can intrude into the
unbound base course layer and in the worst state can saturate the layers leading to premature pavement
failures. An investigation is required to find the performance of different base course materials at
optimum moisture, optimum towards dry condition and optimum towards saturated conditions.
Performance test of selected materials was carried out using Wheel Tracker (WT) test. The results
indicate that gradation of the materials, percentages fine and percentages moisture considerably affect the
Permanent deformation of UGMs. NHA-A indicate higher resistance to permanent deformation as
compared to NHA-B gradation. Moisture content has adversely effect on unbound base course material
especially when water increase from optimum to wet conditions. Lime stabilization technique has proven
to produce good results in reducing the permanent deformation.
PI CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR AC-DC VOLTAGE REGULATOR AND DC-DC

BUCK CONVERTER
Abdur Rasheed, (CECOS University, Peshawar, engrabdur723@gmail.com)
Regulators and converters are of great importance and have a lot of applications in both daily life and
industries. The simplicity of these circuits and their efficiency is of significant importance in design. This
work aims to design Proportional-Integral (PI) controller for an AC-DC voltage regulator and a DC-DC
buck converter. The regulator designed has two input voltage sources of 220 and 110 V with an output
voltage of 48 V and load variations of 300-500 W. The DC-DC buck converter designed has input voltage
of 12 V and output voltage of 5 V. Noise, non-linearitys and variation in parameters of buck converter
affect its performance. For regulator PI controller works on gain scheduling technique and tuned
automatically according to input selected. Controller designed is simulated using Simulink Matlab and
simulation results are obtained.
PI CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR VOLTAGE REGULATOR WITH MULTI INPUTS

USING SYNCHRONOUS BUCK CONVERTER
Abdur Rasheed, (CECOS University, Peshawar, engrabdur723@gmail.com)
Regulators are of great importance and have a lot of applications in both daily life and industries. The
simplicity of the circuit and its efficiency is of significant importance in design. This work aims to design
a synchronous buck converter with varying input and load using gain scheduling technique for voltage
regulation. Two AC input voltage sources of 220 V and 110 V are utilized for an output of 48 V DC. The
input voltages vary between 200v240 V and 90v130 V for load of 300v500 W. In order to compensate for
source and load variations, Proportional-Integral (PI) controller is designed which work on gain
scheduling technique for automatic tuning of input voltage. Simulink Matlab is used for simulation of
designed regulator at different voltage levels with varying load. Analyzing the obtained results, it is
verified that the regulator meet design requirement effectively with reduced ripples.
SMART ENERGY METER

Ahsan Zafar (COMSATS Islamabad, ahsanuetp@hotmail.com)
Electrical energy is one of the most important factors for the domestic, industrial and commercial
development of any country. In transmitting electrical energy, conductors and transformers (rating) are
selected on the basis of predicted Maximum Demand. Smart Energy Meter is an environmentally friendly
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energy meter that is used for measuring the electrical energy in terms of KWh .Many of the Electrical
Power consumers uses the electrical power more than the Maximum Demand as per their desired, which
is also the main reason of load shedding and also damaging of distribution transformers. The purpose of
this paper is to monitor the Maximum Demand of the user and aware them, if it exceed the maximum
limit. By using this energy meter we will monitor the power supply of every consumer. If the power
consumption exceeds the Maximum Demand (as desired by the user) he/she will receive a messaged to
lower the load otherwise the tariff will go high. User will able to receive a warning message by mobile
phone to normalize the load, if the consumer does not respond then units will charged a faster rate than
the normal, and if the respond is immediately then will receive another confirmation message of the
normalized load.
A SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK DESIGN AND DECISION APPROACH TO

PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION
Razaullah, Hussain, M. Baseer, A. Aziz, A. Hussain, S. Alam, Ejaz ul Haq,
Network design and optimization problems for product distribution appear widely in shipping
applications with the main objective to minimize the shipping cost as the product distribution accounts for
a significant portion of the logistical cost. The lead time from the first step to the last is long and it
comprises of many levels. Product distribution accounts for a significant portion of the logistical costs of
a product. Distribution activities are repetitive in nature and they influence the delivery lead time to
consumers. A well designed supply chain network can significantly minimize these costs and lead time.
The current study presents a supply chain network design and decision approach for the distribution of
products by identifying the supplier, plant and warehouse location and customer allocation. Grade of the
product and capacity of the warehouse to satisfy the required customer demand, are solved for optimum
solution. The selection of shortest route with minimum hurdles increases the responsiveness and
minimizes the transportation cost. An example is solved to clarify the proposed heuristic. At the end,
concluding remarks and recommendations for further research are presented.
REHABILITATION OF FULL SCALE BRICK MASONRY CAVITY WALLBUILDING

Zarif Khan, (UET, Peshawar,engrzarif@gmail.com), AmjadNaseer, Muhammad Ashraf, EidBadshah
This paper presents comparison of results of a full scale pre damaged and conventionally repaired brick
masonry cavity wall room which was tested under quasi static loading system. The damaged specimen
already tested by another researcher was repaired conventionally using cement sand mortar (1:5) and
retested under same loading conditions. Damage patterns and force-deformation behavior of the repaired
specimen were compared with the pre-damaged ones to quantify their effects on the performance of
cavity wall building. Experimental data was analyzed and presented in the form of force-deformation
hysteresis loops and envelope curves. During conventional repairing of specimen, lateral peak strength,
lateral stiffness and ultimate displacement were restored by 86%, 29% and 100% respectively.
SKINCOLOR DETECTION USING GIE IN SPATIAL DOMAIN

Arfa Hassan, Unsa Tariq, Asim Iqbal,Muhammad Adnan Khan, Usman Bhatti
(Usmanbhatti123228@gmail.com)
The skin tone detection is an exceptionally intrigued theme for a person who has a place with software
engineering, restorative and building fields. The scientists presented various types of calculations for skin
tone detection. But in this paper, execution of skin tone detection depends on the scope of pixels of Hue
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part from HSV shading space using Global Image Enhancement (GIE) technique in spatial domain. Skin
tone detection using GIE is the extraction of skin-hued pixels from images. Skin tone detection assumes a
critical part in numerous fields of science. It gives us the establishment in numerous applications, for
example, confront discovery, skin illnesses, figure prints matching management system, signal
investigation, confront following, passionate registering, biometric reconnaissance management systems,
confront quality grouping, facial picture coding pressure, human posture displaying, ordering and
recovery of pictures and recordings, picture altering, client controlling and steganography and
communication of human with PC and so forth. In this article we also check the ratio of skin and non-skin
pixels of image. Further, it is noticed that the proposed method gives attractive results.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MANET ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN VARIOUS

NETWORK ENVIRONMENTS
Aftab Khan, Amin Ullah, AshfaqKhan,Safdar Nawaz Khan Marwat
Mobile nodes in MANET carry out dual functionality of being a router and host such that it can accept
incoming traffic as well as direct outgoing traffic. A vital aspect for routing protocol is that they need to
be energy efficient in terms of battery consumption of the nodes which participates and routes traffic into
the network. In this research work, three routing protocols TORA, OLSR and GRP have been evaluated
for their performance. The metrics used were throughput, network end-to-end delay, network load and
packet delivery. Validation of performance has been conducted on an office network of size 100m x
100m using OPNET Modeller 14.5 network simulation tool. The simulations show that OLSR protocol
has the highest network load but in term of packet end to end delay and throughput OLSR protocol
performs better than both GRP and TORA protocols. It also illustrates that TORA protocol is better than
GRP and OLSR protocols in terms of routing overhead while GRP protocol is better than TORA protocol
in terms of packet end to end delay and throughput of a network.
SKIN TONEDETECTION AND SEGMENTATION IN SPATIAL DOMAIN

Arfa Hassan, (Lahore Garrison University, arfach711@gmail.com), Unsa Tariq, Muhammad Adnan
Khan
This article is about human skin tone detection and segmentation by using spatial filters. Human skin tone
detection and segmentation plays an important role in many fields like computer sciences, medical and
electricaletc. There are various techniques used for human skin detection and segmentation in spatial
domain as well as in frequency domain. The human skin color varies from person to person and region to
region, therefore, it is difficult to introduce a specific method for human skin detection and segmentation.
As through skin detection we can make the two segments of digital image, skin segment and non-skin
segment. This article also present the value of skin segment part in percentage. Different researchers
used different type of methods and color models but the proposed method here is without Global image
enhancement (GIE) by using HSV color model for the skin detection and segmentation in spatial
domain.
EFFECT OF SUPER-ABSORBENT POLYMER ON BASALT FIBER ENGINEERED

CEMENTITIOUS COMPOSITE
Muhammad Sufian (engr.m.sufian91@gmail.com)
Nowadays, Cementations composites are widely used with fiber in construction industry due to its
ductility and crack control capacity. The growing attention is focusing on the development of sustainable
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composites with natural fibers. The basalt fiber engineered cementations composites (BF-ECC) are the
most interesting ones. Basalt fiber is a new kind of high performance inorganic fiber which is
characterized by high temperature resistance and better tensile strength and failure strain. Super-absorbent
Polymer (SAP) is a group of polymeric materials that has the capacity of absorbing a significant amount
of liquid from the surrounding environment and to retain it within its structure without dissolving. The
purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of SAP addition on the properties of BF-ECC. The
concrete properties are studied with 5% percentage of basalt fiber and different percentages of SAP
additions i.e. 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6%.The effect of fresh and hardened properties for BF-ECC
concrete is studied. The workability decreases with an increase in SAP content, while slight increase in
strength is observed when SAP content is 0.1%. Experimental results show that the use of basalt fibers
results in significant improvement in tensile strength. However, the reduction with different percentages
is also observed and this becomes non-significant when SAP exceeds 0.4%. Hence the optimum
percentage of BF-ECC is 0.1%. Further study should be carried out on different percentages of basalt
fiber with 0.1% addition of SAP.
SURVEY ON DRIVING BEHAVIOR AND MOTIVATIONAL FACTORS CAUSING

RAGED DRIVING: A CASE STUDY OF PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Muhammad Umer Farooq (NUST, umerfarooqcec@gmail.com), Muhammad Usman Ghani, Ahsan Zafar
Peshawar is experiencing an upsurge in traffic related accidents due to an extensive transformation into a
city of mobbing, traffic queues, road rage and other traffic related setbacks. This state of mismanagement
is owed to several factors, among those driver behavior is the most imperative subject to discuss. Studies
on driving behavior are of great assistance for diverse tasks in transportation engineering. This paper
endeavors to present a broad insight in to current driving trends and behaviors that are practiced locally. A
large survey is conducted through pen-paper DBQs on several spots in the city and driver behavior is
observed. Surveys are statically analyzed and info graphics are presented based on data collected through
350 DBQs. Drivers are clustered into several groups designating their sex, age, driving experience, valid
license , education and income etc. Spot speed studies of raged drivers are observed through Speed Radar
Gun on highways and arterials to investigate the proportion of over speeding vehicles. In addition, the
paper suggests effective measures for the concerned authorities to take in order to drop traffic crashes due
to raged driving.
USE OF GLASS FIBERS IN CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKFOR ENHANCING

DURABILITY
Ayaz Ahmad, (CECOS University, Peshawar, Bazid Khan, azikhan@yahoo.com),
The early age micro cracks in concrete of bridge decks are the main flaw which reduces its durability. The
addition of fibers in concrete showedthebetter performance with enhanced mechanical properties. The
low tensile strength results in less resistance to early age micro cracking in concrete. Therefore,
improving tensile strength of concrete the resistance against early age micro cracks becomes increases.
The early age micro cracking can be reduced by increasing tensile strength with use of economical
materials. In this work, tensile strength of glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC) is determined for the
application of concrete bridge decks. The effectiveness of glass fiber in concrete is checked by comparing
GFRC and plain concrete (PC). The glass fiber having a length of 2 inch and different fiber content are
added in the concrete mixture. Slump test is carried out to measure the workability of GFRC and PC. The
specimens are cast form each batch of PC and GFRC. The tensile strength of GFRC is increased by
21.5% compared with that of PC.
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MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING OF A PROPOSED TRANSPORTATION
INTERVENTION, A CASE STUDY OF RAWALPINDI BYPASS
Muhammad Umer Farooq (MCE-NUST ,Risalpur, umerfarooqcec@gmail.com), Yasir Mahmood,
Muhammad Amjad
Selecting transportation development projects among several, to ensure optimum use of resources has
always been challenging, faced by authorities involved. Overall targets are set to pursue the project
implementation, where efficiency, effectiveness and equity form basis of selection process. Financial
restraints always dominates the decision to go on with certain projects. Various service attributes i.e. cost,
travel time, safety, vehicle operating cost and emissions are significant which need considerations at
planning stage. This research aims to provide an extensive insight in to a scientific and engineering way
of judging a proposed transportation intervention i.e. Rawalpindi bypass, through analyzing numerous
costs and benefits related to transportation agency and users. This project contains transportation demand
estimation on different segments of the highways and arterials, costs of project, travel time impacts due to
intervention, saving in vehicle operating costs, safety savings, economic efficiency analysis, air quality
impact and multi criteria decision making at large. Service attributes have been examined in monetary
terms in this project as costs and benefits. In this project, the decision making process will be pursued by
first evaluating our base case scenario and then assessing the effectiveness and desirability of our
proposed intervention with respect to the base case scenario. The prevailing G.T road is considered as the
base case scenario and a 2 lane in each direction Bypass is considered as our other alternative whose
feasibility is checked rationally centered on costs and benefits.
EFFECT OF ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE ON THE SETTING TIME OF CEMENT

AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES
Izhar Ahmad, (Imperial College of Business & Studies, Lahore,structuralen@gmail.com),
Bazid Khan, Kashif Ali Khan,
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction material, each year a million of tons of concrete is
used in construction projects. A lot of researchers carried out many researches in different times to make
it more efficient. In this research a polymer known as Ethylene Vinyl Acetate is used as an admixture
with cement to study its effect on the setting behavior of cement at various curing temperatures. The
concrete thus containing a polymer admixture is termed as polymer modified concrete. From the results it
is revealed that by using EVA as an admixture by weight cement shows a retardation effect on the setting
time of cement paste. Different percentages of EVA used here as a dosage are 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and
20%. By increasing the EVA content in the cement paste the retardation effect of the EVA increases
while at the same time this efficient retardation effect is reduced by the higher temperature environment.
Using 20% EVA in the cement paste the initial and final setting time at 22 oC, 35oC and 50oC is 238 min,
398 min and 178 min, 287 min and 159 min, 269 min, respectively.
EVALUATION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY OF DIFFERENT AREAS OF

LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Ayesha Kiran, (UET, Lahore, candlelight.ak@gmail.com), Arfa Iqbal, Nayab Zahra, Shah Room
Water is a key human need. It is a fundamental human right to have access to clean water for every day
comforts around the world. Five drinking water specimens were selected from five different locations of
Lahore city which include Wahga Border, Shalimar Garden, Canal Bank Road, Mughal Pura and
GarhiShah. Each drinking water sample was analyzed for two bacteriological parameters (total coliforms
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& fecal coliforms), four chemical parameters (total hardness, total dissolved solids, sulfates & chlorides)
and two physical parameters (pH& turbidity) in order to compare with NSDWQ (National Standards of
Drinking Water Quality). All samples were found out to be satisfactory and all drinking water parameters
laid within permissible range specified by NSDWQ.Furthermore, it was suggested that presence of heavy
metals must also be analyzed for samples in order to ensure sound and secure drinking water supply.
BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT OF MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING SLOTS AND

FRACTALS WITH STACKED PATCHES
Farhan Khan, (UET, Peshawar, farhan.khan@abasyn.edu.pk), Shahid Bashir
This paper presents a compact wide band micro strip patch antenna. A U shaped slot is introduced in the
ground plane along with a stacked patch having same fractal geometry on both patches to enhance the
bandwidth. The bandwidth of the basic patch antenna was just 3.1%.While the bandwidth of our proposed
antenna is improved up to 25% in the range of 4.8 to 6.2 GHz with a good efficiency of 79%. Another
advantage of our proposed technique is that our antenna works on multiple bands in the frequency range
of 4.8 to 6.2 GHz and from 7.3 to 7.5GHz which is suitable for WiMax, WLAN and Satellite
communication.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING

BRICK AGGREGATES AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF STONE AGGREGATES
Sardar Faisal Abbas, (Swedish College of Engineering & Technology, Fasi5185@gmail.com)
Uneb Gazder, Sharif Bhatti
Concreteis the most undisputable and indispensable material being used in infrastructure development
throughout the world. The present investigation shows the performance of brick aggregates in concrete
with a view of achieving the target compressive strengths specified in concrete mix design. It will also
explore the performance of burnt brick aggregates in comparison with the natural granitic aggregates. The
production of natural aggregates and building stones through quarry is an expensive process. Kiln burnt
bricks when crushed to the required nominal sizes provide a rough and irregular surface which aids in
bonding of cement paste and the aggregate. Therefore the bond strength of concrete is likely to be
increased when these aggregates are used. From all the results and experimental approaches it is
concluded that concrete formed with over burnt brick aggregates showed considerably beneficial
performance as compared to the concrete made up of natural aggregates obtained from local resources. It
was observed that compressive strength of concrete was increased by 10% with brick aggregate and
tensile strength was increased by 18%. This project encourages the recovery of waste materials to be used
in production of aggregates for concrete hence conserving the environment.
STABILIZING A FAILED SLOPE IN ISLAMABAD

Muhammad Umer Zubair, (NUST,, uzubair.cem6@nit.nust.edu.pk,), Muhammad Arsalan Khan, Kamran
Akhtar
This paper is based on a research carried out on a failed slope in Defense Housing Authority (DHA)
Phase I, Islamabad. The use of three dimensional (3D) slope stability analysis in conjunction with two
dimensional (2D) analysis was used in determination of slope conditions. Slope stability softwares,
Conscience Slide 6.0 and Clara-W were employed for 2D and 3D Analyses respectively which have the
ability to solve complex mathematical functions. Results of the analyses were used to confirm site
conditions. The results of 2D analysis were verified by the 3D analysis. It was found that failure zone
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indicated by 3D analysis was similar to that actually existing on ground. This paper should be helpful to
Geotechnical engineers, design engineers and the organizations working with slope stability and provide
with a methodology to analyze them.
RIP AND OSPF PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS USING OPNET SIMULATION

Sajjad Hussain (engr.sajjadhussain@yahoo.com), Majid Ashraf Khan
The protocols we will be using here are famous in the routing of computer networks. A network
arrangement is formed to test the efficiency of these two protocols. The scenarios that we have created are
the two routing protocols i.e. RIP (Routing Information Protocol) and OSPF (Open Short Path First). We
will compare both these protocols by transferring a high load (data) in the form of audio, video and file
transfer (FTP) on the same network arrangement. This comparison will be made on the basis of the
Network convergence duration and Traffic dropped (packets per second). The results of both these factors
will show us about the performance of the protocols. The tool used to compare the results of both the
protocols is OPNET.
STUDY OF NEW AUSTRIAN TUNNELLING METHOD (N.A.T.M.)

Jehanzeb George Sikander, (NUST, Islamabad, jehanzebsikander10@gmail.com), Muhammad
SarfrazFaiz,Syed Irfan Haider
This paper presents a study on New Austrian Tunneling Method (N.A.T.M.). Various aspects of this
method are described in this paper. Case Study of Construction of PirePenal Tunnel in India where
NATM method was adopted for the design and construction of the tunnel. Geotechnical and Geological
condition of the site has also been addressed.
CASE STUDY OF FAILED SLOPE AT FIER-TEPELENA ROAD AND ITS REMEDIAL

MEASURES
Jehanzeb George Sikander, (NUST, Islamabad, jehanzebsikander10@gmail.com), Muhammad
SarfrazFaiz, Syed IrfanHaider, Naeem Bashir Awan,
This paper intends to explain the reasons of this slope instability and also to prepare a stable solutions.
Different solutions will be presented and compared to each other. Natural hazards will be used to
calculate the stability. Methods for slope reinforcing will be discussed. The site area is a part of natural
road built on hills with slope inclination angle 250 to 400. The site consisted of limestone rocks, covered
by breccias and debris soils. The road was open for public use in September 2012. After two months a
major landslide occurred at the middle part of it near Frater village. The road was the main artery of the
Southern Albania and replaces the old road which was in bad condition. The area close to the failed slope
consisted of almost the same material and presents high risk for the near future. Slope protections were
not sufficient to keep the sliding material.
A ROBUST MOTORBIKE COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEMUSING ULTRASONIC

SENSORS
Muhammad Asadullah, (National University of Computer and Emerging SciencesPeshawar, Pakistan,
P136384@nu.edu.pk),Ahsan Raza
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Human error is the biggest reason involving in road accidents. The rate of motorbike accidents in greater
than other type of road accidents, similarly motorbike riders death rate is also more than the drivers of
other vehicles. This paper presents a low cost monitoring and collision avoidance system to avoid the
motorbike accidents. The proposed system consists of an Arduino board, Liquid crystal display (LCD),
Ultrasonic sensors, Bluetooth module, Buzzer, smartphone and typical motorbike. Ultrasonic sensors are
used to measure the distance of objects from the motorbike and the Arduino Mega display the calculated
distance on (LCD) and generates an alarm when a vehicle is overtaking the motorbike with margin less
than 3 feet. It also notifies the bike rider about the obstacles and potholes from the road surface.
Moreover, this paper also discussed the drawbacks of this system and future work is also mentioned.
STEEL FIBER REINFORCED CONCRETE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING

APPLICATIONS
Imran khan, (Swedish college of Engineering & Technology emmekhan888@gmail.com)
Concrete is a brittle material in order to make it ductile and strong in tension steel is used. In current work
the steel fibers are reused as additive material by weight of sand. The tests are performed on two different
design mix ratio i.e. (Mix A and Mix B) at two different percentages if steel fibers i.e. 0% and5%.The
physical tests were performed on the materials and hardened properties are also studied. The slump test is
performed on concrete mix in fresh state and in hardened state compressive test is performed. Its
concluded from the result of slump test that the workability decrease due to the different mix design ratios
and percentage of steel fibers. The compressive strength in the Mix A increases at 5%, while in Mix B the
strength decreases at 5%, to that of control mix. In Mix B the strength significantly decreases compared to
that of Mix A. Conclusively, the increase in strength is due to the bridging effect produced by steel fibers
and reason for decrease in strength is due to the weak bond formed by addition of steel fibers. Based on
these results the steel fiber reinforced concrete with optimum percentage can be used for civil engineering
applications.
DEVICE TO DEVICE COMMUNICATIONS IN 5G

AmmadUl Islam, SarmadTahir,(Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan,
Ammadulislam92@gmail.com)
5G the new name of mobile communication is the enhanced version of 4G.The previous four generations
of cellular technology have been a paradigm to break the compatibility. 5G will need paradigm shifts that
will also with more requirements of higher bandwidth, more number of users, Multiple number of
antennas, Extreme dense network and will be integrative also. To achieve much of the challenges for 5G
in next era of cellular communications some new technologies is now introduced in the standard defined
by 3GPP. One of these is Device to Device Communication. In first D2D was proposed for relaying but
with time research showed that we can achieve highest spectral and energy efficiency as well much higher
data rate using D2D. For the high dense networks Pico cells idea can also be replaced by D2D as we can
adjust much more users and devices in a single cell by introducing the D2D for relaying, off-loading,
M2M communications and content distributions. Here in this paper we provide a taxonomy based survey
on D2D.Also will explore some of the open research problems that can be extensively reviewed and
explored for further research in the field of D2D communications.
BOND STRENGTH BEHAVIOR OF DEFORMED BARS IN NORMAL CONCRETE

Shams ul Islam, (CECOS University, Peshawar, shamsi_kk@yahoo.com), Rukhsar Ul Amin,
AfhamUlHaq, Muhamamd Rizwan, Muhammad Ansar
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Experimental works was carried out to evaluate the pull out behavior of deformed bars in normal
concrete. Pull out tests on cylinders of dimensions 12" height and 6" with deformed steel of #3, #4
and #5 bars for an embedment of 12",8" and 4" were performed. The main variables of this work was the
embedded length (i.e. 12",8" and 4") and steel grade i.e. Grade 40 and Grade 60. Tests results revealed
that for larger die of bars, i.e. # 5, all the embedment length gives comparatively equal strength for Grade
40 & Grade 60. (I.e. same for 4, 8 and 12) but yielding was observed for #3 and #4 bars at an
embedment of 12. Also Grade 60 gives better results than Grade 40.
EVALUATION OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE CONFINED WITH

PLASTIC BANDS
Akhtar Gul (UET, Peshawar, akhtarwazir@uetpeshawar.edu.pk), Fayaz A Khan, Yasir Irfan,
NaeemurRauf, HamayounKhan
Strengthening is often a necessary measure to overcome an unsatisfactory deficient situation or where a

new code requires the structure or a member of it to be modified to achieve new requirements. In the
engineering practice such restraint to lateral dilation, indicated by the name of confinement, and has been
traditionally provided to compression members through steel transverse reinforcement in the form of
spirals, circular hoops or rectangular ties, FRP Sheets and different types of plastic bands. Steel and
concrete jackets are other techniques for providing additional confinement for compression members, too.
This paper presents the results of experimental study of the confinement of Concrete cylinders which
resembles to RC columns by using plastic bands technique for retrofitting of concrete columns.
Experimental program included axial compressive tests on cylinders which were actively confined by
plastic bands. Test Results showed significant increase in strength and ductility of columns due to active
confinement with plastic bands. The effect of various parameters such as type of plastic bands, number of
layers wrapped around the specimens and spacing of confining strips on the specimen. The results of
confined specimen are compared to the results of controlled specimen which shows significant increase in
the strength of confined specimen.
USE OF PET BOTTLES (FIBERS) AS A PARTIALREPLACEMENT OF FINE

AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE.
Sana Ullah, (CECOS University Peshawar,esanaullah@yahoo.com)
Concrete is a composite, the most abundant and the most important construction material. Concrete is
mainly made of aggregates, water and binding material. Its production involves batching, mixing,
transporting, proper placing, compacting and finishing. To achieve a good quality concrete the
constituents of concrete should satisfy the international or local standards. Waste plastic bottles is an
environmental issue and are major cause of solid waste disposal, polythene Terephthalate (PET, PETE or
polyester) is commonly used for carbonate fed beverage and water bottles. It is difficult to biodegrade and
involves process either to recycle or reuse.This work presents the performance of pet bottles fibers as
partial replacement of fine aggregates in concrete in a controlled environment. The purpose of this work
is to solve the environment issue and to make the concrete economical, light weight and up to the desired
strength of normal concrete. Cylinder specimens of concrete with 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% replacement of
PET fibers are casted, cured and tested for compression at 3, 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. Beams are cast, cured
and tested for flexural strength at 14 and 28 days.The experiments show that for replacing PET bottles
fibers as a fine aggregate in concrete increases compression strength against normal concrete and shows
flexural strength up to the ordinary concrete. The compression strength increases for 3%, 5%, 7% and 9%
replacement is 53%, 53.5%, 55% and 57%against normal concrete for 28 days.
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The pet bottles fibers can be used partially as a fine aggregates in concrete structures subjected to
compressive load and flexural load.
CONCRETE PRODUCTION AND QUALITY CONTROL IN BUILDING

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN PESHAWAR
Sana Ullah, (CECOS University Peshawar, esanaullah@yahoo.com)
Concrete is a composite, the most abundant of all man made materials and are among the most important
construction materials. The production of concrete involve various process like batching, mixing,
transporting, proper placing in the form work, proper compacting and proper finishing. To achieve a good
quality concrete great attention has to be given the selection of various constituents of the concrete which
satisfies the international or local standards. To get concrete according to standards quality control should
be carried out for the production of the concrete. In this research, we perform a check on the various
building construction sites in Pakistan, to check the desired quality product of concrete, that they are
following the international standards or not, because the quality of concrete affects the complete quality
of the building up to a maximum range, and mostly abrupt failure and damages caused due to poor quality
of concrete. In this research study we select different sites from Pakistan and collect information
regarding the constituents, compressive strength of concrete etc. and also collect samples of various
constituents of concrete to carry a check on these materials in the laboratory in a control environment.
During the investigation, it is observed that many of the tests were not performed at the sites for the
aggregate and water. Also a statistical analysis was carried out to check the compressivestrength. From
the statistical analysis results, it is found thatthe quality control in many projects was not good. As per the
classification of ACI 214 the standard deviation calculated is 13.5.
HOME ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM TO IMPROVE DEMAND RESPONSE

INTELLIGENTLY
RahmatUllah(COMSATS,Rahmat056@yahoo.com), Amjad Ali, Fakhre Alam
Smart grid (SG) a home energy management (HEM) system play an important role which can permit
demand response used for domestic consumers. In this paper a smart HEM system is described for
handling great power feeding appliances for demand response (DR) study. Domestic load achieves with
predetermined priority and assurance on suggested set of rule and total power feeding should below
definite level. To show the application of suggest set of rules for DR at appliance level a simulating
device is established. Determines in the present paper that device can be used to consider DR capabilities
for domestic consumers.
A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT TWO DIMENSIONAL REDUNDANCY CHECK FOR

ERROR DETECTION
ShibliNisar, M. Asadullah, M. ZohaibShahid, Gulfam Nasir National University of Computer and
Emerging Sciences Peshawar, Shibli.nisar@nu.edu.pk)
Data communication is the transmission of digital data between devices or nodes. During transmission
the data can be lost and unwanted error can be occurred, which can corrupt the information bits. In
communication system there are two types of errors single (random) bit error and burst (multiple bits)
error which can corrupt the binary data in digital system. Various error detection techniques such as
vertical redundancy check (VRC), longitudinal redundancy check (LRC), checksums, cyclic redundancy
checks (CRCs) and cryptographic hash functions are used to check either error is occurred or not. In this
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paper a robust method for error detection is presented, in this method binary data is arranged in square
pattern which has equal numbers of rows and column. Then calculate the sum of columns and parity of
rows. Then it perform NOR operation on column sum and parity of rows and transmit it with binary data.
This method efficiently detects the single and multiple bit errors by using less redundancy bits. Lastly,
conclusion and future work is highlighted. In this research work the reliability of this method is also
compared with other methods.
FABRICATION OF LARGE SCALE DIRECT SHEAR TEST APPARATUS

Feroz Shah, (University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar,
feroz.dwhh@gmail.com),MohammadIrshad Khan, Irshad Ahmad
This paper presents the Fabrication of Large Scale Direct Shear Test Apparatus. During Shear Testing the
materials are test in conventional Direct Shear Box of 60mm x 60 mm x 20mm Because of limitations of
small scale of direct shear test apparatus, materials with larger particle sizes cannot be tested in this
apparatus. Usually materials in laboratory are sieved through sieve # 4 and the passed materials are tested
in small scale direct shear apparatus. It results in change in gradation and natural condition of soil and soil
strength parameters become erroneous. In order to solve this problem, a large direct shear testing machine
to test the materials with larger particles has been developed and fabricated to find the shear
characteristics of gravely materials under constant normal load at University of Engineering
&Technology Peshawar Pakistan. The Normal load is applied through dead load weight and shear load is
applied through an Electro hydraulic actuator unit. The displacements are measured by LVDT. The
shearing load and displacement data is recorded through data logger connected to computer. The load and
deformation values are stored at desired intervals for plotting graphs. The built apparatus has three main
parts including Loading system, Hydraulic power system, and Data logging system. Further each part has
its own different parts. With this apparatus experiments on gravely soil would be conducted in next phase
of research.
LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL OF MICRO HYDROPOWER PLANT USING FUZZY

CONTROLLER
Majid Khan, (University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, majidkhan751@gmail.com),
Muhammad Naeem Arbab
This paper presents the design of a fuzzy controller for the load frequency control of micro hydropower
plant. Micro Hydropower Plant (MHPP) has been classified as one of the most efficient renewable energy
source. Unlike large hydropower project, the installation of MHPP has a very little effect on the
surrounding population. Variations in consumer loads results in serious problem of frequency variation of
MHHP. A self-tuning fuzzy PID controller is proposed to nullify the load variations, so that to produce a
minimum impact on the power system frequency. The efficiency of proposed controller is confirmed by
various results even at worst load transitions. For a load variation of about 70% in a system incorporated
with the proposed fuzzy controller results in an average settling time of 6 seconds and an overshoot of
23%, while for conventional PID controller; the corresponding values are 12 seconds and 29%.
EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF NYLON FIBERS IN SELF-COMPACTING

CONCRETE
Aaqib junaid, (Sarhad University Peshawar, Junaidaaqib@yahoo.com,), Ahmad Jan, Muhammad Ali
Mussart
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Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) is a special concrete which is highly flow able, non segregating
and by its own weight spread into place, completely fill the formwork even in the presence of dense
reinforcement . SCC also has a brittle characteristic.This project conducted to evaluate the effects of
nylon fiber addition on fresh state characteristics of SCC mixes, and investigate the effects of nylon fiber
on some hardened properties of SCC. In this project, concrete mixes were added with nylon fiber
of 0%, 1.0%, 2.0 %, and 3.0 %. Fresh characteristics were evaluated based on its passing ability, flow
ability, and segregation resistance using , Slump flow, L-Box and V-funnel tests. After 7 days, 14 days,
28 days of curing SCC cylinders, compressive and splitting tensile strength, were tested.Tests results
indicate that nylon fibers tend to increase the passing ability but will decrease filling ability and
segregation resistance of SCC. Furthermore, it can be concluded after 7 days, 14 days, 28 days of
curing, concrete specimens tests indicate that nylon fiber addition up to 2.0 % of volume cement
tend to improve the compressive strength, tensile strength, of hardened SCC but the 3.0 % of nylon
fiber decreases the compressive strength, tensile strength, of hardened SCC. It also can be
suggested that nylon fibers allowed to be added into SCC mixes up to 2.0 % Fiber by volume of
cement.
SUBGRADE STABILIZATION USING CEMENT AND RICE HUSK ASH

Arshad Hussain, (National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad
drarshad@nit.nust.edu.pk), FazalHaq, AsadIrshad,
Subgrade acts as a foundation for a pavement structure. Soil strength can be increased through addition of
chemical additives like cement, lime, Rice Husk Ash, Fly Ash etc. depending on the availability of
additives. Stabilization of soil using cement or lime only is not cost effective. The use of Rice Husk Ash
may minimize cost as it can act as a stabilizing agent. The present study is carried out on the soil of
Islamabad-Murree-Muzaffarabad Expressway near Shawala to investigate its stabilization potential. A
small amount of cement is mixed with different percentages of Rice Husk Ash (RHA). The results
obtained show that the increase in RHA content increases the Optimum moisture content (OMC), but
decreases the Maximum dry density(MDD).There is a considerable increase in the California bearing
Ratio CBR value and Unconfined Compressive Stress (UCS) of soil with RHA content. After increase in
a certain percentage of RHA content the strength of soil starts decreasing. Addition of 6% cement and
15% RHA content is recommended as an optimum amount to gain maximum improvement in strength.
FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS OF SILICA FUME AND RECYCLED AGGREGATE FOR

PRODUCTION OF SUSTAINABLE CONCRETE
Shah Room (City University Peshawar,shahrome313@yahoo.com), Habil Ahmad,Ibrar Ahmad
Concrete is abundantly used construction material around the world due to easy and local availability of
its raw material. Concrete matrix is composed of binding paste and aggregate. Cement consumes almost
90 percent of economy during production of final concrete product. It utilizes natural raw materials and
consumes a lot of energy during its production thus threatening the environment by depletion and release
of carbon dioxide gas. In this research work sustainability to concrete is imparted by the use of silica
fume as partial replacement up to 20 percent of cement by weight and use of 100 percent recycled course
aggregate. This practice is intended to produce sustainable and economical concrete capable of providing
required durability. Four blended concrete mixes were prepared having 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% of silica
fume as partial replacement of cement by weight and 100% of recycled aggregate concrete. All relevant
tests were performed according to ASTM standards to investigate the fresh and hardened properties of
four types of produced concrete mixes. Slump of concrete decreased with increase in amount of silica
fume and due to the porous nature of recycled aggregate. From compression, flexural and split tensile
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tests at 7, 28 and 90 days it was depicted that early age strength of concrete decreases due to time taking
pozzolanic property of silica fume, while at later age appreciable increase in concrete strength has been
noted.
REVIEW ON THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION IN PAKISTAN: A

VIABLE SOURCE OF REVENUE GENERATION
AbdurRehman(UET Peshawar, Pakistan, rehman.civil@suit.edu.pk), Salman Saeed, Rashid Rehan
This paper is related to the review of the Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) generated in different cities of
Pakistan. The MSW generated in the cities of Pakistan consist of many types of waste being generated
such as industrial waste, institutional waste, construction and demolition waste and domestic waste etc. In
this paper, we are focusing on the domestic municipal solid waste being generated across the country. As
MSW is one of the major environmental issues of the cities of Pakistan. An attempt has been made to
provide a detailed review on the characteristics, composition and efficient utility of this waste in order to
generate revenue. Around 1.8 billion Pakistani Rupees can be generated from five major cities of Pakistan
by selling out the readily saleable items present in the MSW stream to the respective industries. The
readily saleable items would not only generate revenue from the MSW, but would also flourish
industrialization, increased employment opportunities and prevent the environment from deterioration
THE EFFECTS OF RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE (RCA) AND

STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER(SBR) LATEX ON MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
Shafi Ullah, (College of Engineering, and Technology, Lahore, info@ucest.edu.pk), Bazid Khan, Kashif
Ali Khan
Sustainable development is gaining popularity around the world nowadays. For the conservation of
natural resources, reuse and recycling of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is the most obvious
way to achieve sustainability in the construction sector. Currently, recycled aggregate (RA) is produced
from CDW in modern recycling facilities, under good quality control provisions which could lead to
improve its performance. An investigation into the properties of RCA is made using crushing and
grinding of concrete rubble collected from different demolition sites and landfill locations. However, to
increase the use of RA for the cost effectiveness, it is believed that the quality of RAC should be
improved by using quality-improving admixtures i.e. new generation polymer-based Super Plasticizers
(SP) are deemed to be a good option. Aggregates used in the study were: natural sand, natural aggregate
and crushed concrete obtained from different sources. A total of 72 concrete mixes forming four groups
were cast. Groups were designed to study the effect of recycled coarse aggregates (50%, 75%, and 100%),
cement dosage and use of Super-Plasticizer in various quantities by weight of cement (0.5%, l%, 1.5%).
Tests were carried out for compressive and modulus of rupture. It has been observed that there is a
decreasing trend of 25% in compressive strength. The results showed that the concrete rubble could be
transformed into useful recycled aggregate and then can be used in concrete production with properties
suitable for most structural concrete applications. A significant reduction in the properties of recycled
aggregate concrete (RAC) made of 100% RCA was seen when compared to natural aggregate concrete
(NAC), while the properties of RAC made of a blend of 75% NA and 25% RCA showed no significant
change in concrete properties and RAC made of 50% NA and 50%RA showed an optimum change in
concrete properties.
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STUDYING THE EFFECT OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE ADDITIVES ON SUBGRADE
SOIL IN WATER LOGGED AREAS OF KPK
Inayat Ur Rahman, (UET, Peshawar, engrhafizinayat@gmail.com), Rawid Khan
This paper presents practical work to study the effect of various locally available additives on different
strength parameters of subgrade soil in water logged areas of KPK, To avoid problems associated with
weak water logged subgrade soil, engineers often recommend removal and replacement of weak subgrade
soil which is too costly and time consuming process, so it was necessary to look for ways to make
existing weak subgrade soil suitable for pavement construction. The objective of this research was to
chemically stabilize the weak water logged subgrade soil of KPK mostly A-6 soil using different locally
available additives like cement, bentonite, and stone dust, using some basic laboratory tests like CBR test,
Atterbergs limits, swell value, and Modified Proctor test. Soaked CBR tests were performed to simulate
the conditions of water-logging and excessive moisture content. Soil samples were prepared with different
percentages of different additives. The performance of stabilizers/Additives modified soil was compared
with the performance of virgin soil. From this study it was found that the CBR and dry density increased
with increase in cement content, while swell value decreased, at optimum value of 8% cement CBR
increased from 3% to 52%. Increase in CBR was also observed for higher content of bentonite, but it
showed decrease for Stone dust.
STRESS-STRAIN RELATIONSHIP FOR LOW STRENGTH CONFINED CONCRETE

UNDER COMPRESSION
Sheraz Abbas (City University, Peshawar, sherazabbas@cusit.edu.pk), Shahab Samad, Muhammad
Fahadullah, Aziz Ahmad, Adil Rafiq
The development of reinforced concrete structures is continuously studied to improve the strength,
ductility, and durability of the component members. It has long been recognized that the strength as well
as deformability of concrete substantially increase as the amount of confinement in the form of closer ties
(hoops) is increased. The different characteristic properties of RC members e.g. compressive strength of
columns depend on different factors that are defined by the constituent materials and their properties.
Addressing only the confinement requirements of the above, transverse reinforcement in this case Lateral
Confining Reinforcement (LCR) tend to increase the strength and ductility of RC members. It also keeps
longitudinal reinforcement in place while concrete is poured. When an axial concrete element (column) is
laterally reinforced (e.g. by ties, hoops or spirals) and subjected to axial compression, expansion of the
element in the plane perpendicular to the axial compression activates the lateral reinforcement which
exerts tri-axial compression increasing member capacity to sustain large compressive stresses and
deformations. The locally produced concrete is usually of low strength than from the design standard.
Most of research on confined concrete done mainly focuses on normal to high strength concrete, which is
not easily achieved in our national context due Quality of workmanship, Quality of material and its source
and non-engineered design of concrete and structures. Strength enhancement in low strength concrete
through confining reinforcement must be determined for design of new and assessment of existing
buildings. The result has shown that the strength capacity of column has increased in low strength
concrete due to confinement.
A COMPARATIVE PATH LOSS ANALYSIS OF GI-FI TECHNOLOGY WITH WI-FI

AND BLUETOOTH
Muhammad fayyaz khan (fayazkhan716@yahoo.com)
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This work gives an analytical comparison among Gigabits Wireless Fidelity (Gi-Fi), Wireless Fidelity
(Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth in three aspects; Free Space Path Loss (FSPL), flat earth fading and link margin.
The objective of this work is to calculate the FSPL, flat earth fading and link margin at a distance of 1m to
100m between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). Gi-Fi uses 60 GHz frequency band, Bluetooth uses
2.4 GHz while Wi-Fi operates both on 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz depending on the applications. The effect of
above mentioned operating frequencies spectrum over FSPL, flat earth fading and link margin is
observed. The FSPL has found out for both Line of Sight (LOS) and Non Line of Sight (NLOS)
communication. In case of LOS, free space and indoor environments are considered while, for NLOS the
urban and sub urban environments are considered for analysis. Mat lab is used as a tool for calculating
FSPL and multipath fading effects in terms of operating frequency (f) and distance (d), between the (T x)
and (Rx). On the basis of analytical results, the Gi-Fi communications system affects more from FSPL as
compare to Wi-Fi and Bluetooth while, in case of flat earth fading Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are more affected.
It is concluded from the link margin that Gi-Fi is only suitable for short range LOS communication (In a
distance of 1m to 10m), while, above than 10 m the FSPL increases up to 50% and hence cannot be used
for NLOS communication.
MODELING OF QUASI-BRITTLE MATERIALS USING DAMAGE PLASTICITY

APPROACH: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Adil Rafiq (City University, Peshawar, adilrafiq09@gmail.com), Shahab Samad, Muhammad Fahad, Aziz
Ahmad and Sheraz Abbas
Quasi-brittle materials like concrete, can retain substantial amount of hardness under different loading
conditions. This literature review has been carried out to probe the suitability of a constitutive material
model that can efficiently predict damages in concrete and other quasi-brittle materials. Hence, Concrete
Damage Plasticity Model (CDPM) is formulated in a way that it can capture the irreversible effects of
damage. It can describe different yield strengths in tension and compression, different degradation of
elastic stiffness in tension and compression, stiffness recovery effects during cyclic loading and rate
sensitivity. For this reason it is also adopted by the most widely used Finite Element Analysis (FEA)
package i.e. ABAQUS. This material model can easily be used in both explicit and implicit integration
methods of ABAQUS. In the literature it was found that this material model is frequently been used by
number of researchers in their work. They all came up with very convincing results and a good correlation
between experimental and numerical results were obtained.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF LOCAL SCOUR DIMENSIONS AROUND

BRIDGE PIER
Aziz Ahmad(City University, Peshawar, azizahmad@cusit.edu.pk),Hazrat Amin, Shahab Samad,
Sheraz Abbas
One of the main causes of bridge failure that is exponentially powerful is the removal of waterway
bed material from around bridge foundations. Bridge piers that are located on highly or partially
erodible beds are subjected to failure due to scour caused by the structure obstructing flow.
Measurement of scour depth around the pier in the field is a difficult task but the same can be
modeled in the laboratory on small scale with controlled conditions of flow, fluid, sediment
parameters and structure geometry. Since bridge pier scour depth measurement is an important area
of hydraulics and needs to be addressed and also in Pakistan no laboratory work has been carried out
till date for measurement of pier scour depth around bridge pier, therefore the same was selected in
this research. In this research, the piers for two bridges including Motor Way Bridge on Kabul River
and Khairabad Bridge on Indus River are modeled in the hydraulic laboratory of Civil Engineering
90
Department, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar and the scour depth is measured.
In the same study the effect of pier shape and size on the bridge pier scour depth is also investigated.
It was found that the scour depth for circular pier is always smaller than the scour depth for square
depth keeping the other factors constant. Similarly, it was found that the scour depth increases with
the increase in size of the pier.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MODULUS OF

ELASTICITY AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF LOW CONCRETE STRENGTH
THROUGH DESTRUCTIVE AND NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTS
Sheraz Abbas (City University, sherazabbas@cusit.edu.pk), Mujahid Ali, Fazle Wahid, Ahmad
An experimental investigation is carried out for determining the Modulus of elasticity from compressive
strength for low strength concrete. Modulus of elasticity of concrete is a key factor for estimating the
deformation of structural elements, as well as a fundamental factor for determining modular ratio, n,
which is used for the design of structural members subjected to flexure. Modulus of elasticity of concrete
is frequently expressed in terms of compressive strength. As defined by using the point corresponding to
0.4fcof Stress Strain Curve. While many empirical equations for predicting modulus of elasticity have
been proposed by many investigators for Normal and high strength concrete. The reason is considered to
be that the mechanical properties of concrete are highly dependent on the Modulus of elasticity of
concrete. This investigation was carried out for low strength concrete to compare the experimental and the
analytical value of modulus of Elasticity by conducting the destructive and nondestructive tests. The
modulus of elasticity of concrete is frequently taken as given in ACI Code Section 8.5.1 which is
normally used for Normal and high strength concrete. In this research the empirical relation of Modulus
of Elasticity according to ACI will be compared with the experimental stress strain curve obtained from
Hydraulic Universal Testing Machine.
STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT OF HIGH STRENGTH STRUCTURAL CONCRETE

USING GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG AS A PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT
Shahab Samad (City University, Peshawar, shahabsamad54@hotmail.com), Attaullah Shah, Aziz Ahmad,
Adil Rafiq, Sheeraz Abbas
Concrete is the most important building material in the world due to the fact that it is versatile and gives
architectural freedom. For sustainable construction solutions concrete is the material of choice if the
embodied CO2 content is considered. In concrete, cement is the main constituent and due to the limit on
the availability of natural minerals used, the energy released and the CO2 emissions produced during its
manufacture, it can be partially replaced using industrial by-products e.g. Pulverized Fuel Ash (PFA),
Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) and silica fume. The concrete technology research has
demonstrated that GGBS and PFA can be used as PC replacement in composite mixes, without any
adverse effect on the strength of structural concrete. On the other hand, carefully designed composite
mixes can improve the microstructure of concrete and, hence, its durability of concrete (e.g. structures
subjected to chemical attack), and they can also enhance the structural properties of concrete. Due to low
early age strength gain of concrete containing GGBS and PFA, their use in the fast track construction and
post tensioned concrete where they are exposed to high early age loads is limited. To overcome this
problem, the water/cement ratio of the concrete produced was kept low to achieve higher early age and
ultimate strength which also adds to the durability properties of concrete. To achieve the maximum
workability, superplasticiser was used.
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STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT OF BINARY CEMENT CONCRETE CONTAINING
PULVERISED FLY ASHAS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF PORTLAND CEMENT
Attaullah Shah (City University of Peshawar, drshah965@gmail.com), Shahab Samad, Adil Rafiq, Sheraz
Abbas, Aziz Ahmad
The use of Binary Cement concrete incorporating Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM) has been
increased to reduce the cement consumption in construction industry. The cement production is the major
source for the generation of Green House Gases (GHG) and there is an increasing pressure to reduce its
consumption to avoid further Global Warming, Climate Changes etc. In this research, Pulverised Fly Ash
was used as a partial replacement to cement in concrete. The Portland cement was partially replaced by
PFA in three different percentages and was cured in sealed bags at room temperature of 20o C to minimize
the loss of moisture. Due to low early age strength gain of concrete containing GGBS and PFA, their use
in the fast track construction and post tensioned concrete where they are exposed to high early age loads
is limited. To overcome this problem, the water/cement ratio of the concrete produced was kept low to
achieve higher early age and ultimate strength which also adds to the durability properties of concrete. To
achieve the maximum workability, superplasticiser was used. The strength development characteristics of
the blended concrete has been compared with control mix having no PFA The compressive strengths of
blended concrete for various levels of cement replacement has been observed as nearly the same as the
control concrete mix.
A SIMPLIFIED METHOD TO DEVELOP BUILDING INVENTORIES FOR

EARTHQUAKE RISK ASSESSMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES UTILIZING
LOW RESOLUTION SATELLITE IMAGERY (LRSI).
Habil Ahmad (City University, Peshawar, habilahmad@cusit.edu.pk), Shuakat Ali Khan, Shah Room, Atta
Ullah Shah
Building or housing inventory plays basic role in the Seismic Risk Analysis (SRA). Housing census and type of
building based on its construction type is an important aspect for seismic risk analysis. The housing census of
Pakistan was done initially on the basis of population census 1998. The present housing stock has been
estimated by extrapolation of the 1998 housing census at the population growth rate. This rationale is not logical
as the temporal and spatial variation in the housing stock and extensive urbanization as well transmigration of
large populations has complicated the scenario. The southern part of Pakistan (Baluchistan) province is more
vulnerable to earthquakes. The non-availability of rational district-wise housing census is a major impediment
to developing proactive disaster mitigation plan at district levels. In this research, a quasi-observational method
has been used, incorporating the low resolution satellite imagery of Google Earth and field observations of
some selected areas, to develop the district wise housing inventory. It has been observed that almost 85% of the
houses are non-engineered houses constructed in mud, unreinforced brick masonry with mud mortar and rubble
stone masonry, which are highly vulnerable to earthquake damages and risks. In such areas more proactive
disaster mitigation strategies are required.
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SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE
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APPROPRIATE BUILDING DESIGN FOR UCH AND OTHER CITIES OF SOUTHERN
PUNJAB
Fareeha Malik (UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan,fareeha.malik@umt.edu.pk),Rumana Khan Sherwani
Building provides shelter against the elements of nature and creates a suitable space for diverse human
activities that needs to be housed in controlled and ordered environment. Appropriate architectural design
and style fulfils the need of its users by creating physically comfortable, culturally sensitive and
economically affordable buildings. Southern Punjab consisting the divisions of Bahawalpur, Dera Ghazi
Khan and Multan is a home to an ancient tradition of masonry architecture. This traditional construction
was characterized by use of local materials, a definite style design and a well-established method of
construction. This research work comprises of twenty month study and documentation of regional
climate, history, traditional construction, contemporary built environment, construction practices and their
socio economic content. The aim of this project is to help remove cultural and technical barriers to help
promote sustainable measures throughout the selected climatic region for appropriate building design that
are 1. Climate friendly 2. Energy Efficient 3. Culturally Sensitive 4. Cost Effective The climate of
Southern Punjab has been classified as warm composite in which all three seasons hot dry, hot humid and
cold prevail. Coldest month is January with an average temperature of 13.24 C while temperature rises
steadily in June which is hottest month with an average temperature of 35.19C.
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN DEVELOPMENT CONFLICTS & COMMUNITIES

SETTLEMENT
Mir Wali Shah (City University, Pakistan, mwshah@gmail.com), Azmat Ali Khan, Iftikhar Ali, Manzoor
Ali Shah, Qasim Ali Shah, Shumaila Khan
Pakistan is a region in Asia, which has been a victim of continuous calamities and man- made conflicts in
the shape of earthquake, floods and civil wars. As a result of these conflicts, the socio-economic structure
of the country is severely damaged and has eroded the countrys economy & the law and order situation
across the country. Due to the prevailing situation, generally in KPK and especially in Swat resulted the
first ever biggest displacement/migration took place in the history of Pakistan. Approximately three
millions of people internally displaced from their hometowns to nearby safe areas. By considering the
case of internally displaced persons (IDPS) Sheikh Shahzad Camp, Mardan, Khyber Pukhtunkhwa, The
Population whom migrated/displaced from the conflict zone (District Swat & Bunir) is initially
confronting the challenges of harsh weather, shelter, food and hygienic environment. Now the question is
how to accommodate these internally displaced persons (IDP) by introducing innovative early responsive
emergency shelters in urban context. This paper focuses on how to incorporate thermally comfort in
emergency shelters by the rehabilitating internally displaced persons (IDPs) in the urban locality where
the climate is extreme and temperature goes above 50 degree. In such situation, the need for a self-
sufficient, energy efficient shelter in order to fulfill the thermal & psychological needs of the effecteas.
This paper also underlines the role of displaced communities in the re- settlement by considering growing
social and economical problems. This can be only done by the redesigning, reshaping and rejuvenating
the existing profiles of the communities settlements living either in the rural or urban locality. The paper
encompasses the sustainable approach towards the communities re- settlement in the tent village of sheikh
shahzaad IDPS Camp, considering the micro climate. (Temperature variation, humidity control and
wind) of an innovative proto-type emergency shelter, built in low cost indigenous materials resulting
thermal comfort.
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ORGANIC GREEN DESIGN FEATURES FOR SUSTAINABILITY: DAY LIGHTING
AND NATURAL VIEWS
Alvina Fatima, (UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan Alvina.Fatima@Umt.Edu.Pk), Dainal Khyzer, Rumana
Khan Shirwani, Syed Sajjad Haider
Organic Interior is environmentally conscious design that derives from nature and imagination. Natural
style of a space promotes the natural beauty and comfort that is created by natural organic shapes and
forms found in nature. In a organic design ideology there is a repetition of material and motifs and basic
principles as a whole in terms of a unified organism. In which every part relates to other performing
different function but at the same time reflecting symbiotic ordering system. We learn connection and
sharing from nature. The contact with nature and human leaves its impact that is very creative and long
lasting.
ARCHITECTURAL ASSESSMENT OF CATHEDRAL CHURCH OF THE

RESURRECTION, A 19TH CENTURY MONUMENT LOCATED IN LAHORE
Faiqa Khilat (UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, faiqa.khilat@umt.edu.pk), Sana Malik, Beenish Mujahid,
Muhammad Yusuf Awan
The Anglican Cathedral of Resurrection is a spectacular monument having distinctive features of gothic
architecture located at Mall road Lahore. In nineteenth century, Britishers developed Mall road as the
foremost city centre after establishing government in the area. Some of the major developments includes
High court, General post office, Town Hall, Montgomery hall, Punjab University, Atchison College,
Churches and Cathedrals etc. Among various structures, the grand structure of this cathedral reflects its
glory upright alone in cosmic green meadows. The cathedral is visited by majority of Christian
community to perform their sacramental obligations. In addition the Cathedral is considered as a part of
its adjacent missionary school known to be Lahore Cathedral School. The structure seems to be intact,
however closer examination unwraps the reality. Major areas found to be deteriorated with the passage of
time. The research was carried out by close scrutiny of numerous fragments of cathedral through surveys
and photography. The paper highlights the distinct character of the monument by assessing its
architectural features in detail and concluding various measures to safe the monument of heritage
significance.
STREET CULTURE OF THE WALLED CITY LAHORE - A WALK DOWN THE

MEMORY LANE
Ayesha Mehmood Malik (UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan,, ayesha.malik@umt.edu.pk), Muhammad
YusufAwan, Memoona Rashid, Adnan Jalil
Streets help to connect places, people thus allowing them to communicate from area to area from
neighborhood to neighborhood, from cities to other cities and much more thus acting as modes for social
gathering like a small universe or small hubs for cultural activities. Streets are treated as places that create
the sense of community. This research paper focuses on studying the nature and characteristics of the
street culture focusing on one of the rich street culture of the walled city how it evolved over years and
the cultural connection it set. This research was supported by literature study and conjecture. The study
reveals that the old walled city street culture still shares unlimited stories of its glorious past and gives a
hint to the historic reference as the original street culture has always continued yet some sectors have
been furbished following its original context thus connecting to the old chapter of the traditional Lahori
95
culture with the new Lahore now. The study reveals that the walled city street evolved slowly preserving
most of its historic urban picture, ancient structure and the lost culture for the generation next.
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URBAN PLANNING
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DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF URBAN OPEN SPACES IN ISLAMABAD
(CASE STUDY OF SECTOR F-6 AND F-11)
Beenish Javaid
A city is comprised of many components such as residential, commercial, industrial and urban open
spaces. These components are planned keeping in view the social, cultural, economic, topographical and
geographical aspects of a specific region. Environment friendly and livable city is a result of proper
planning and detailing of all these aspects. Among the mentioned components urban open spaces are
termed as lungs of a city. Their presence is extremely important for physical and mental well -being of the
residents. Therefore, it is appropriate to say that management of urban open spaces is immensely
important, because if they are left unattended their character makes them prone to be converted into
hazardous places. In third world countries, these spaces are rapidly converting into slum settlements
where living conditions are not adequate thus destroying the overall environment and vista of the cities.
Islamabad is planned capital city of Pakistan with wider concept of Master Planning proposed by C.A
Doxiadis in 1960, subsequently organized, managed and developed by Capital Development Authority. It
is aesthetically beautiful due to its natural landscape and continuously undulating terrain. This physical
feature is fully respected while conceiving the overall Master Plan of Islamabad. This results in
emergence of noticeable amount of urban open spaces including parks, open areas along natural streams
and green belts within main roads. Parks in Islamabad are designated, considering needs of particular
residential sector, open spaces along natural streams are left due to their difficult topography and
greenbelts are planned to separate the traffic movement on main roads. This indicates that these spaces
have important role in determining the outlook of a city. They also enhance the contentment of citizens
through providing physical and mental recreation. Urban open spaces (Open spaces and parks) play a
significant role in the development of a city. The parks must be planned in a way to ensure safety and
satisfaction of the public using these areas directly or indirectly. The direct users are those who visit parks
for physical activities, relaxation and to play sports. Indirect users are people who do not interact with
these places physically. However, the environmental impact of these spaces including visual and climatic
impact affects them. Therefore, condition and development pattern of urban open spaces in Islamabad
which are important feature of this city should be studied in order to explore whether these spaces are
efficient enough to cater for the requirements of citizen and environment of Islamabad.
DEVISING AN ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR BUILDING REGULATION

SYSTEMS IN PAKISTAN
Mutahir Mehmood Awan
This is a common perception in Pakistan that building regulations are mere a set of rules that authorities
have developed to regulate health and safety issues in built environment. In most countries Building
Regulations Act provides technical requirements that set minimum standards for health, safety, comfort,
energy efficiency, adaptability, contribution to sustainability and similar issues. This research developed
an approach for assessment of current building Regulations being practiced by DAs; TMAs; CBs and
DHAs in Pakistan. Study focuses on Technical requirement attributes; procedural and approval attributes
and; enforcement and implementation attributes of building regulations. Research indicates that
adaptability, acoustic, contribution to sustainability, electrical safety, heat producing appliances, pre-
consultations, online facilitations, type design/type approval, planning aid, and completion certificate
prior-to-occupancy are the attributes lacking in building regulations being practiced by all departments
involved in building control in Pakistan. Finally conclusions were drawn and recommendations were
made on the basis of lessons learned from international examples for effective and efficient building
control.
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ANALYTICAL STUDY OF URBAN STREET SHOPPING IN LAHORE
Muhammad Ilyas Malik (UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, Ilyas.malik@umt.edu.pk), Abdul Mahad Kamal
The paper discusses the street shopping and leisure activities associated to it, in the city of Lahore. The
primary focus is on the MM Alam Road, one of the most posh shopping areas of the city. Even though it
is the best shopping and dine out area of Lahore, it still lacks behind in the key areas, which shows how
far behind we are in the field of community development. As the shopping zones are the areas where the
community comes close to one another. This report will study and analyse the shopping scene of the city
of Lahore, what are the needs of the person who goes out for shopping, the historical trends of the region,
and how a shopping street has evolved into its modern form and how can it be brought closer to the
human nature. Surveys of different categories were also conducted and have been included. All the
research work will then be incorporated in proposing the guidelines and criteria on how to make the
selected site (MM Alam Road, Lahore) into something that becomes a place not only to shop but also a
leisure point for the people. The dream is to envision a place, where people actually want to be and to
shop or to dine may not be the only excuse for them to be there. So, to make a good shopping street where
people would like to be, it should be safe, comfortable, beautiful and interesting with a lot of variety of
goods available. The design solutions for key problems like how to manage the speed limit, how to
increase the parking spaces and the spaces for pedestrians are given. Some changes in the LDA bye-laws
for this road have also been proposed. A critical analysis of the 2013 up-gradation of the MM Alam is
also included. MM Alam Road is an existing road and comes with its existing planning problems. It was
not planned to be a commercial area so it brings with it the certain amount of limitations which cannot be
ignored. Comparisons have been made with the Champs Elysees, Paris, but it is to be kept in mind that it
belongs to a different country, in a different region and different culture.
AITCHISON COLLEGE, COLONIAL BUILT HERITAGE IN LAHORE CITY,

PAKISTAN - A CASE STUDY
Tahir Mahmood ((UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan), Yusuf Awan, Saima Gulzar
The colonization of Lahore city by the British during 19th century to the mid of 20th century had left
remarkable effects of urban design and native architecture that are venerable along with classic visual
facts of the significant historical era. The British hired local skills and vernacular architectural styles
combined with their native achievements to build a number of buildings that stand now as pleased
heritage in Lahore city. The building of Aitchison College is a landmark and has great values in colonial
buildings of Lahore. A case study of the old building of Aitchison College selected Colonial built heritage
was brought out in this conversation. This Colonial building was distinguished to fall into three broad
architectural categories, namely, British Colonial style of 18th century, Local Indo Islamic style and Neo-
classical styles favored in Victorian Britain. This research paper will surely open up new avenue for the
further researcher in the conservation of colonial heritage in this area.
SETHI HOUSE: CULTURAL HERITAGE

Syed Sajjad Haider (UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, Sajjad.Haider@Umt.Edu.Pk), Muhammad Latif,
Alvina Fatima
Sethi Mohallah that is I Heart ofthe walled city of Peshawar contains seven houses including Sethi House
a cultural heritage.Such Historic buildings have their own traditional and special techniques used in
construction. Working with wood and stone is very technical and time taking as well as perfection is
required to fulfill the requirements of that house. This paper documents and describes the site and its
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plans including entrance and rooms. It would be a singular honor for our generation, if we could preserve
some of these houses for our future generations so that they may feel proud of their forefathers. For the
tourists visiting Peshawar and Pakistan, it would be a source of enjoyment. These houses which were
built with great zeal and dedication are now a part of our national heritage.The design of the house
resembles old houses in Baghdad whereas the decorative elements trace their origins to Samarkand and
Bukhara, and even bits of Persia and India.
CRACKS IN THE URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENT A CASE STUDY OF LAHORE

CITY
Zahid Tauqeer Ahmad (UMT, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan, zahid.tauqeer@umt.edu.pk)
The term crack is used in this paper as a metaphor for the fractured discontinuities encountered in the
physical and social context rapid pace of an urban sprawl being witnessed in major towns and cities of
Pakistan. Cracks which can be easily encountered in the urban core, also invariably seen in the inner city
as well as intermediate areas between the city centers and the suburbs, are architecturally considered as
in between spaces ---- residual, underutilized and frequently deteriorating that tend to divide the
physical and social worlds. The paper sets out to explain why the cracks are a common characteristic of
any Pakistani urban landscape, by investigating the factors that have contributed to their development.
The study also lays out some normative objectives for the transformation of these spaces, while
emphasizing on the need to practicing a socially responsive contextual attitude and flexibility of form
while through all phases of physical planning and urban design. The role and responsibility of all the
stakeholders involved in shaping our built environment are discussed, and a call is extended for
broadening the socio cultural, moral and political content of the profession.
AN EFFECTIVE DRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR UNDERPASSES

Muhammad Saleem (University of Wah, Pakistan, Mohammed_saleem056@hotmail.com)
It is a well-known drainage system of an underpass is effective up to a certain limit; it fails after that limit
(heavy rainfall or storm). Main problem faced is that water is trapped in the underpass. In order to avoid
this situation water should be drain out before entering the underpass and continuous drain of water from
underpass by natural means. In this paper, it is discussed that if at the start and end of underpass a smooth
speed bumps with low gradient. Three perpendicular grates to drain water one at the start (starting slope)
of the bump one at the middle (apex) one at the end (ending slope) of the bump. In this way water is drain
before it is trapped. Also if road of the underpass is crowned to a certain slope and grates to drain water is
provided parallel to the road at one end of the road, it can also form continuous drainage for water if the
limit exceeds. By this type of arrangement drivers are also forced to drive bit slower so saftey is
increased.
MAPPING PUBLIC TRANSPORT DENSITY WITH REFERENCE TO POPULATION:

A CASE STUDY FOR RAWALPINDI
Muhammad Saadullah (National University of Science & Technology, Pakistan
Saad.nustcivil@gmail.com), Bilal Khurshid, Anwaar Ahmed
Access to public transport is one of the goal for a sustainable city across the world. Around the world, a
lot has been done to increase the accessibility to the public transportation network. Better public transport
network ensures a decrease in traffic congestion and helps in the improvement of environment. To know
the exact measurement of population served by a public transport network the population density is
100
crucial. A little work in this regard has been carried out in Pakistan, this paper intends to fill the gap. Poor
access to public transport network has caused people to buy more and more cars. Similar situation has
emerged in the twin cities because of poor accessibility to the public transport network. The method used
for the calculation of accessibility is Public transport Accessibility Levels (PTAL).After the calculation of
PTAL, the levels were mapped by using Arc GIS software. The population data was mapped and merged
with the accessibility to locate areas with high accessibility and population density.
101
102

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ABSTRACTS of the

Second International Conference on Emerging Trends

Dec 28-30, 2016

ISBN No: 978-969-23044-1-2

City University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar Pakistan

McWhorter School of Building Science

Department of Construction Management

Institute of Engineers (IEP), Pakistan

Convener Organizing Committee

Convener Technical&Publication Committee

ConvenerReception, Local Arrangements Committee

Thanks and best regards,

Peshawar, Pakistan, Dec 28-30, 2016.

It is a matter of immense pleasure that City University of Science and IT Peshawar in

It is a moment of satisfaction to know that City University of Science & Information

I am pleased to learn that "2nd International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering

The Chairman, Co Chairman, Program Chairman, Technical Chairman, Conference

I pray for the success of Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in

Muhammad Azam Khan (Former chief Secretary, KP)

Mr. Khalid Sultan Khwaja(CEO, Tariq Sultan & Co.)

Fund Raising / Finance Mr.Amjad Ali

1. SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION: A HOLISTIC APPROACH

Professor Dr. AmranRaslihas a PhD in society, Businessand Globalization

MATHEMATICS & COMPUTATION ............................................. 18

COMPUTER SCIENCE& IT .............................................................. 26

CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MANAGEMENT ............................. 34

WATER SUPPLY, SAFETY AND HEALTH MANAGEMENT .... 40

ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT ..................................................... 42

ENGLISH AND APPLIED LINGUISTICS EDUCATION ............. 45

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY ............................................ 47

SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE ................................................... 93

URBAN PLANNING ............................................................................ 97

EFFECT OF FAVOURTISM ON ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST: A CASE OF

SELECTION CRITERIA OF ISLAMIC BANKS: A STUDY OF PAKISTANI

ROLE OF HR PRACTICES IN EMPLOYEE RETENTIONS

FORECASTING ELECTRICITY ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN PAKISTAN.

IMPACT OF SERVICE QUALITY DIMENSIONS ON CUSTOMER

IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT AND CAPITAL STRUCTUREON

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORGANIZATIONAL SILENCE

DYNAMICS OF PROFITABILITY OF BANKS IN DEVELOPING ECONOMY (A CASE

DETERMINING THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND

RELATIONSHIP AMONG ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, REWARDS,

MODERATING ROLE OF INNOVATION IN ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE

IMPACT OF TALENT MANAGEMETN STRATEGIES ON

THE RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYEES PERFORMANCE

IMPACT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON FIRMS

Workingcapitalmanagement can playavitalrole inenhancing profitabilityof thefirms. The optimal level

CONFLICT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN PUBLIC EDUCATION SECTOR OF

EXCHANGE RATE AS A DETERMINANT OF FLUCTUATION IN FOREIGN

MOTIVATION IN THEORY AND IN PRACTICE; A COMPARISON

ANALYSIS OF LEADERSHIP IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR

THE EFFECT OF JOB INSECURITY ON JOB SATISFACTION AND

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CAPITAL STRUCTURE,

IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEES

ARISING STUDENTS ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY

IMPACT OF TALENT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ON

IMPACT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT ON EMPLOYEE

DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEE RETENTION:A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF

EMPIRICAL EFFECT OF EXTERNAL DEBT AND RELIEF IN DEBT SERVICING

EXPLORING AND VALIDATING BARRIERS TO CORPORATE

CAPACITY BUILDING INTERVENTIONS TOWARDS EMPLOYEEDEVELOPMENT:

FACTORS AFFECTING EMPLOYER-EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP IN PUBLIC