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Task

Identify data sources, gather, process, analyse, present secondary information and use
the available evidence to assess benefits of technologies for avoiding or reducing the
effect of a collision.

a) Identify what physics principles the technology uses.


b) Explain how the technology works.
c) Identify advantages and disadvantages.
d) Evaluate its effectiveness.

Fatigue warning system

a) In-vehicle PC with GPS, accelerometer, a camera and infrared cameras.


b) The computer vision algorithms track human eye and eyelid behaviour, looking for
the frequenccy of blinking, duration of blinks and the velocity of the eyelid. It also
analyses the head position, which generally starts to drop between six and seven
seconds after the eyes close. An infra-red camera and image processing
technology is used to measure the duration of retina visibility over a given time
period. This information is used to calculate an approximate level of fatigue, which
is communicated to the driver visually, generally through a series of lights on the
dashboard. However, once the observed retina coverage reaches a certain level
(below a standard threshold), an audible warning is triggered, alerting the driver
and prompting them to stop for rest.
c)

Advantages Disadvantages

This system only warns drivers of


Informs drivers of their fatigue levels their fatigue levels and does not
force them to stop driving

Can reduce frequency of collisions Expensive to implement

This system will also require


Trauma reduction
electricity to function

d) Drivers are still responsible to take action (e.g. take a rest / break) once a vehicle
detects and alerts the driver of their fatigued state. Therefore, any effectiveness
of such a system in alerting a driver that they might be fatigued may be
considered independent of the effectiveness of such a system in preventing
crashes.
Seatbelt interlocks

a) Weight sensors in chairs and sensors in seatbelts.


b) Seatbelt interlock systems operate by detecting the weight of an occupant in the
chair and whether the seatbelt is buckled. A seatbelt interlock will prevent vehicle
operation until all detected occupants are wearing seat belts.
c)

Advantages Disadvantages

With a regular seatbelt reminder


system (SBR), some drivers may still The lack of public acceptance of this
choose to ignore the reminder, thus technology has negatively affected
interlock systems may play a role in the
further increasing seat belt use.
Relatively cheap to implement
Can be frustrating for occupants
(software upgrade)

d) Whilst a seat belt interlock system is effective at increasing seatbelt use, lack of
public acceptance of enforced behaviour has caused vehicle manufacturers to
adopt less intrusive reminders.

Speed Humps

a) Reducing vehicle speeds.


b) Physical humps in the ground made from a mound of bitumen reduce the speed of
cars, usually to 25km/h. Speed humps make it difficult for drivers to exceed speed
limits, otherwise they experience discomfort and therefore reduce the chance of
collision.
c)

Advantages Disadvantages

Frustrating and can cause discomfort


Relatively cheap to implement
for drivers
Promotes slower speeds (when a
driver notices a speed hump, they are Can cause car damage
likely to slow down)

Forces vehicles to travel slower Noise pollution in nearby area


d) A cheap method of promoting lower speeds in neighbourhood areas, but can have
various disadvantages to drivers.

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