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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It gives me immense pleasure in presenting the project on STUDY OF
EXPORT IMPORT BANK OF INDIA. Firstly, I take the opportunity in
thanking our very dear principal Dr. C.T. CHAKRABORTY then I would like
to thank the almighty and my parents without whose continuous blessings, I
would not have been able to complete this project.
I am thankful to our college for all the possible assistance and support, specially
our library by making available the required books and internet room which
have proved useful to me in successful completing my project.
I hope that I have succeeded in presenting this project to the best of my abilities
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1:
INTRODUCTION TO PROJECT
History:
This Act extends to the whole of India. With effect from the date i.e. September 1981,
as the Central Government by notification, appointed, a corporation Known as the
Export Import Bank of India was established for the purposes of this Act.
The Export Import Bank of India, commonly known as the EXIM Bank, commenced
operations in March 1982. It was set up so as to take over the operations relating to
export finance which the IDBI (Industrial Development Bank of India) had been
handling since the year 1970. Exim Bank acts as the apex financial institution
relating to financing for foreign trade. It provides financial assistance by way of direct
loans and advances for the purpose of export or import, rediscounting of usance
export bills for banks and finance for international trade activities.
MISSION
Exim Banks mission is to facilitate globalization of Indian Business.
Objective
The objective of the bank is-
for providing financial assistance to exporters and importers, and for functioning
as the principal financial institution for coordinating the working of institutions
engaged in financing export and import of goods and services with a view to
promoting the countrys international trade
shall act on business principles with due regard to public interest as Stated In
the Export-Import Bank Act, 1981.
OBJECTIVES
To provide alternate financing solutions to the Indian exporter, aiding him in his
efforts to be internationally competitive.
To forge close working relationships with other export development and financing
agencies, multilateral funding agencies and national trade and investment promotion
agencies.
The Exim Bank aims to promote India's international trade. The Logo has a two-way
significance. The import arrow is thinner than the export arrow. It also reflects the
aim of value addition to exports.
The Organization:
Exim Bank is wholly owned by the Government of India. The authorized capital of the
Bank is Rs. 2000 Crores, of which and Rs. 1000 Crores respectively, has been fully
subscribed by the Central Government. The Bank raises additional resources
through borrowing from the Government of India, from the RBI and from the market
through the issue of bonds and debentures. It borrows foreign currency form other
countries as well. Exim bank is managed by a Board of Directors, which has
representatives from the Government, Reserve Bank of India, Export Credit
Guarantee Corporation (ECGC) of India, a financial institution, public sector banks,
and the business community.
THE PEOPLE
Exim bank is a virtual melting pot of thriving minds from a variety of disciplines. The
bank has a total staff of 214 hailing from backgrounds as diverse as banking,
engineering, business management, information technology, accountancy,
economics and liberal arts. What they all have in common, however, is an underlying
passion for professional excellence. The creative synergy produced by a brain trust
composed of individuals with vastly different styles of thinking has helped the Bank
to constantly innovate, and come up with the original solutions solutions beyond
banking.
CORPORATE PHILOSOPHY
Exim banks corporate philosophy is built on two pillars:
The Banks believes that its people are its key resource. Therefore, the Banks seeks
to develop its human resource by motivating them through challenging assignments,
upgrading their skills through training programmes, and recognizing professional
excellence.
We follow an office- oriented; non-hierarchical work culture and open office plan
facilitating a free flow of interaction between and within groups. As a model corporate
citizen, the Bank maintains an equal ratio of men and women (1:1) .the Banks high
level of office automation and a lean and multi-skilled staff enables optimum
efficiency and profitability.
GLOBAL NETWORKING
Exim bank is quite unique in its global and national network of institutional and
professional linkages .Our five overseas offices-at Dubai, Johannesburg, London,
Singapore and Washington D.C.-have forged strategic institutional linkages for the
bank with:
The banks extensive global network, supported by the Indian missions abroad
makes it uniquely capable of offering advisory services to Indian companies looking
for marketing opportunities, buyer information, technology suppliers and partners for
overseas and domestic joint ventures. Further, our overseas office enables us to
garner economic and commercial intelligence on countries, companies and projects,
assess credit risks, review competitive export practices and provide alerts on new
export opportunities.
Evolving Vision
Functions:
1) Financing of exports and imports of goods and services, not only of India but also
of third world countries.
4) Providing loans to Indian parties to enable them to contribute to the share capital
of joint ventures in foreign countries.
CHAPTER 2
BANKS
MAJOR
PROGRAMS
EXPORT CREDIT
Exim bank offers the following export credit facilities, which can be availed of by
Indian companies, commercial banks and international entities.
PRESHIPMENT CREDIT.
Exim banks pre-shipment credit facility, in Indian rupees and foreign currencies,
provides access to finance at a manufacturing stage, enabling exporters to purchase
raw materials and other inputs.
SUPPLIERS CREDIT
This facility enables Indian exporters to extend term credit to importers (overseas) of
the eligible goods at the post shipment stage.
Indian project exporters incur Rupee expenditure while executing overseas project
export contracts i.e. costs of mobilization/acquisition of materials, personnel and
equipment etc. Exim Bank's facility helps them meet these expenses.
Exim Bank offers a special credit facility to Indian exporters of consultancy and
technology services, so that they can, in turn, extend term credit to overseas
importers.
GUARANTEE FACILITIES.
FORFEITING.
Project Finance
Equipment Finance
Import of Technology & Related Services
Domestic Acquisitions of businesses/companies/brands
Export Product Development/ Research & Development
General corporate finance.
Funded
Working Capital Term Loans [< 2 years]
Long Term Working Capital [up to 5 years]
Export Bills Discounting o Export Packing Credit
Cash Flow financing.
Non-funded
Letter of credit limits
Guarantee limits
Import of Equipment
Export Finance.
Pre-shipment Credit
Post Shipment Credit
Buyers' Credit
Suppliers' Credit [including deferred payment credit]
Bills Discounting
Export Receivables Financing
Warehousing Finance
Export Lines of Credit (Non-recourse finance)
Exim Bank encourages Indian companies to invest abroad for, inter alia, setting up
manufacturing units and for acquiring overseas companies to get access to the
foreign market, technology, raw materal, brand, IPR etc. For financing such overseas
investments, Exim Bank provides:
a) Term loans to Indian companies upto 80% of their equity investment in overseas
JV/ WOS.
b) Term loans to Indian companies towards upto 80% of loan extended by them to
the overseas JV/ WOS.
c) Term loans to overseas JV/ WOS towards part financing
(i) capital expenditure towards acquisition of assets,
(ii) working capital,
(iii) equity investment in another company,
(iv) acquisition of brands/ patents/ rights/ other IPR,
(v) acquisition of another company,
(vi) any other activity that would otherwise be eligible for finance from Exim
Bank had it been an Indian entity.
d) Guarantee facility to the overseas JV/ WOS for raising term loan/ working capital.
With this acquisition, HEL will be able to expand its overseas customer
base.
This will help TVSLSL gain access to new geographical territories, such as,
Australia, New Zealand and China.
CHAPTER 3
Thakur college of Science and Commerce Page 16
Study of Export Import Bank of India
In India the small and medium enterprises are not well defined. The internal group
set up by the Reserve Bank of India has recently recommended that the units with
investment in plant and machinery in excess of SSI limit and upto Rs. 10 crores may
be treated as medium enterprises. The definitions of small and medium sized
enterprises differ from one country to another. SMEs have been defined against
various criteria such as the number of workers employed, volume of output or sales,
value of assets employed, and the use of energy. Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD) defines establishments with upto 19
employees as very small, between 20 and 99 employees as small, from 100 to 499
employees as medium and over 500 employees as large enterprises. However,
many establishments in some developing countries with 100 to 499 employees are
regarded as relatively large firms. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
has recently developed a guarantee programme, called the Small Investment
Programme (SIP) that is specifically designed for SMEs. MIGA defines SMEs, for
coverage under this programme, as firms with not more than 300 employees, value
of assets not exceeding US $ 15 million and annual sales not exceeding US $ 15
million. The European Union defines SMEs that have employees of less than 250,
with a turnover not exceeding Euro 50 million. Thus the definition of SME varies from
country to country and from region to region. The importance of SME sector is well-
recognized world over owing to its significant contribution in achieving various socio-
economic objectives, such as employment generation, contribution to national output
and exports, fostering new entrepreneurship and to provide depth to the industrial
base of the economy. India has a vibrant SME sector that plays an important role in
sustaining economic growth, increasing trade, generating employment and creating
new entrepreneurship in India.
The SSI sector in India employs around 26 million people and is involved with the
production of over 7500 industrial items with the product range varying from very
simple items produced with traditional technology to high tech products. At present,
the SSI sector accounts for over 90% of industrial units in the country, 40% of value
addition in the manufacturing output and approximately 35% of Indias exports. SSI
sector in India has been exhibiting a striking export performance. Barring few years,
exports have grown double digit in the last 10 years. Major sectors contributing to
SSI exports include readymade garments (27%), engineering goods (14.5%),
chemicals & pharmaceuticals, electronics & computers, and processed foods (11%
each).
AGRI FINANCE
The globalization and post-WTO scenario offers considerable scope for exports of
Indian agricultural products. Exim Bank has a dedicated Agri Business Group to
cater to the financing needs of export-oriented companies dealing in agricultural
products.
Initiatives by Exim Bank for both Small and Medium Enterprises & Agri
finance:
3) Exim Bank along with BASIX to organise skill upgradation workshop for handloom
weavers in Mahabubnagar Mandal & for tussar silk weavers in Kosgi, Andhra
Pradesh
5) Exim Bank has signed a Memorandum of Cooperation with Uravu (an NGO
involved in employment generation programs in the bamboo sector for tribal & poor
families in Waynad, Kerala) to provide larger visibility to bamboo-based handicraft
products. Highlights of MoC:
6) Exim Bank has initiated discussion with handloom weavers cooperative societies
in Fulia (West Bengal) for marketing their products overseas
10) Exim Bank is also associated with rural knowledge centre of M.S. Swaminathan
Research Foundation for providing technology inputs to rural areas.
Recent Developments
EXIMs focus on SMEs
Special Line of Credit from ADB: The Bank is negotiating a long term Line of Credit
of US$ 250 mn. From the Asian Development Bank, without Central Government
guarantee, for extending loans to SMEs . The Bank will have an option to draw the
funds in different currencies, as per the needs of its customers.
Innovative Programme for SMEs The Bank has entered into a cooperation
arrangement with International Trade Centre (ITC), Geneva, for implementing a
unique Enterprise Management Development Services (EMDS) program, which is an
IT based solution provider to enable small enterprises to prepare business plans with
international market in focus. This is a pioneering initiative for supporting SMEs and
for providing term loans and export finance facilities to the identified units to help
them in their globalisation efforts. The Bank has partnered ITC in implementing this
project. The Bank thus supports small enterprises through capacity building and
assistance in formulation of viable proposals. It is envisaged that the learning from
this programme would be transferred to other developing countries, and thus assist
in capacity creation and institution building in the global arena. The Bank has
partnered the Commonwealth Secretariat in the Commonwealth India Small
Business Competitiveness Development Programme. The objective of the
programme is to undertake capacity development initiative that promotes economic
development (increased employment, investment, trade and economic activity) in
Commonwealth member states by providing competitive strategies and policies on
SME development to practitioners and policy makers, and to build and develop
institutional capacity.
CHAPTER 4
FLIM FINANCE
FILM FINANCE
The bank has till date-sanctioned loans more than Rs 33.15 crores for film
production .the first three films financed by Exim bank has been commercially
successful across India and overseas market. The bank, finances films with the
objective of boosting export earnings, films which promote India as a country and its
trade
CHAPTER 5
LINE OF CREDIT
Line Of Credit
Introduction
Exim Bank extends Lines of Credit (LOCs) to overseas financial institutions, regional
development banks, sovereign governments and other entities overseas, to enable
buyers in those countries, to import goods and services from India on deferred credit
terms. The Indian exporters can obtain payment of eligible value from Exim Bank,
without recourse to them, against negotiation of shipping documents. LOC is a
financing mechanism that provides a safe mode of nonrecourse financing option to
Indian exporters, especially to SMEs, and serves as an effective market entry tool.
Exim Bank extends LOCs, on its own, as well as, at the behest of Government of
India.
1. Exim Bank signs LOC Agreement with overseas Borrower Institution (Borrower)
and announces the availability of LOC for utilization, when the Agreement becomes
effective.
2. Exporter checks with Exim Bank, available amount under the LOC and quantum of
service fee payable to Exim Bank, if any, and negotiates contract with Importer.
4. Borrower appraises the proposal. If satisfied, approves the contract and refers to
Exim Bank for concurrence for inclusion of contract for being financed under the
LOC.
5. Exim Bank accords approval to the contract, if in conformity with the terms of
LOC. Exim Bank conveys contract approval to the exporter and the Borrower.
6. The Importer arranges remittance of advance payment to the Exporter and also
opening of a Letter of Credit, which states that the contract is covered under Exim
Bank's LOC to the Borrower and reimbursement will be by Exim Bank for the Eligible
Value of Credit, upon compliance with stipulated conditions therein.
9. Exim Bank reimburses the Negotiating Bank, on receipt of valid claim and service
fee, as applicable, by debit to the LOC account of the Borrower.
Under Exim Bank's LOCs, the Indian exporters can obtain payment of eligible value
from Exim Bank, without recourse to them, against negotiation of shipping
documents. The Indian exporter does not carry any credit risk either on the importer
or the importer's country, whilst the overseas importer enjoys deferred credit facility.
Thus, LOC is a safe mode of non-recourse financing option to the Indian exporter
and serves as a market entry tool for India's exports. The Indian exporter can also
increase his export volumes by offering deferred credit, where required.
Exim Bank has been using the LOC mechanism for promoting India's exports to the
traditional as well as new markets in developing countries, which need deferred
credit for buying Indian machinery, goods and services. As the LOC is extended by
Exim Bank on internationally competitive terms, the overseas importer of Indian
goods is allowed access to the credit facility at competitive interest rates. The
overseas importer and the Indian exporter do not have to negotiate credit terms
separately as the credit arrangement between Exim Bank and the overseas borrower
financial institution is already in place.
Capital goods, plant and machinery, industrial manufactures, consumer durables and
any other items eligible for being exported under the 'Exim Policy' of the Government
of India.
The overseas importer of Indian goods has to approach the overseas borrower
financial institution/recipient of Exim Bank's LOC, for approval of his proposal for
import of Indian goods on deferred credit terms. The interest rate that the importer
will need to pay to the recipient of Exim Bank's LOC, will depend on various factors
such as the cost of fund, the currency of credit, tenor of credit, security offered by the
importer, the risk perception of the importer and the interest rate structure prevalent
in the country. It may however be mentioned that Exim Bank's interest rates on LOCs
being competitive, the importer would normally have to pay interest rate lower than
what he would otherwise pay to his Bank on similar credits.
In respect of certain LOCs, the Indian exporter has to pay a service fee to Exim
Bank. The exporter should check in advance with Exim Bank the
quantum/percentage of service fee payable. In respect of LOCs extended by Exim
Bank, at the behest of Government of India, no service fee is normally payable by
the exporter to Exim Bank.
Minimum value of contract for being eligible for coverage under the LOC
Most of the LOCs stipulate a minimum contract value as US$ 50000. However,
under certain LOCs, the minimum value of contract could be different. Exporters
would be well advised to check the particulars of the individual LOC with Exim Bank.
Generally, export of capital goods and plant and machinery is allowed on credit
terms of upto 5 years, whereas the export of industrial manufactures, consumer
durables, raw materials and commodities is allowed on credit terms of upto 2 years.
However, the credit period allowed under each LOC could be different. There are
certain short-term LOCs which provide for credit period of 1 year, and there are
certain LOCs which permit credit period beyond 5 years. Exporters are advised to
check the details with Exim Bank, in advance. In respect of LOCs extended by Exim
Bank, at the behest of Government of India, credit period ranges from 8 years to 20
years depending on the categories of countries, based on their levels of incomes and
external debt.
The stage at which the Indian exporter should contact Exim Bank
The Indian exporter should contact Exim Bank before finalizing the price negotiation
with his prospective importer, if the transaction is intended to be covered under Exim
Bank's LOC. The exporter should ascertain details such as the service fee payable
to Exim Bank, the credit period permissible under the LOC, the payment procedure
involved and the contact person/department in the overseas borrower
institution/recipient of LOC. In respect of certain LOCs especially those extended by
Exim Bank, at the behest of Government of India, sectors/projects could be pre-
identified.
ECGC cover
As the LOC is a non-recourse financing option to the Indian exporter, he does not
have to obtain any ECGC cover.
CHAPTER 6
For the purpose of our financing, an export oriented company is defined as any
company with a minimum export orientation of 10% of net sales, or annual export
sales of Rs 5 crores, whichever is lower.
PROJECT FINANCE
Exim bank offers term loans for setting up of new projects, and acquisition of assets
for modernization/upgradation/exansion of existing units. The bank also extends
100% refinance to commercial banks, for term loan sanctioned by the lending bank
to an EOU.
The bank also extends finance to eligible units in textile and jute industries under
The Technology Up gradation Fund Scheme, to enable them to upgrade their
manufacturing facilities.
Exim Bank provides term loans (of 1year, 1-2years,and up to 5 years tenor) to
eligible EOUs, to help them meet their working capital requirements.
OTHER FACILITIES
Exim bank offers term loans to EOUs, for development of new technology to satisfy
domestic and international environment and standards, and to help them develop
and/or commercialize new product/process applications.
Finance for service sector: Services sectors financed by Exim Bank include
entertainment, health care, hospitality and shipping. Exim Bank has entered into the
business of film financing on a very selective basis to cover, inter alia, film production
and finance for distribution in overseas markets. The banks approach towards film
financing is to focus on films produced specifically for international audiences and/or
film projects, which have foreign exchange earning potential. The banks film finance
is targeted to select production and distribution houses with proven track record.
Natural resources:
Exim bank selectively provides term loans to Indian companies in their endeavor to
acquire overseas natural resources in terms of acquiring mining/exploration rights in
overseas locations. Exim; finance will be available to Indian companies for
acquisitions of such rights either on its own or in joint venture with an overseas
partner, subject to a reasonable proportion of the resources being destined for India.
Underwriting:
Exim bank extends underwriting commitment to Indian exporters, to help them raise
finance from capital markets through public/rights issues of equity shares
/debentures.
Exim bank offers term loans to Indian companies, to aid them in their efforts to
penetrate and retain their presence in overseas markets, particularly in developed
countries.
Import loans:
Exim bank finances bulk imports of consumable inputs and canalized items
undertaken by manufacturing companies.
Guarantee facility:
Exim bank issues different kinds of guarantees for EOUs. These include:
Exim bank offers term loans to Indian companies, both for equity investment in their
ventures overseas as well as for on lending purposes.
Besides, Exim Bank also undertakes Direct Equity Stake in Indian Ventures Abroad,
to enable Indian companies to supplement their equity with Exim Banks equity
contribution.
OTHER SERVICES
EXPORT SERVICES
Exim bank offers a diverse range of information, advisory, and support services,
which enable exporters to evaluate international risks, exploit export opportunities
and improve competitiveness.
Exim bank offers value added information and support services to Indian companies
seeking business in business funded by multilateral agencies such as World Bank,
Asian Development Bank, African Development Bank, European Bank for
Reconstruction and Development, and other official Development Agencies like the
Japan Bank for International Cooperation.
Apart from these we also offer support services, such as liaising with Indian
missions, monitoring bid performance, assistance in prequalification etc.
Commercial services:
Country profiles:
Exim bank also undertakes country profiles, which assess the economic, political,
currency and credit risks involved, along with the export opportunities in the country
concerned.
Financial counselling:
Exim bank offer advice on how to access foreign currency finance from multilateral
institutions and import lines of credit, trade finance alternatives, collection/payment
systems, as well on the credit worthiness of business entities and banks.
Internationalization support:
Information access:
Exim bank issues business opportunities alerts, which communicate business leads,
acquisition opportunities, industry trends as well as collaboration opportunities.
Our Eximius Learning Centers in Banglore, Ahmedabad and Pune organize training
programmes, workshop and seminars for exporters. These programmes, often on
sector-specific issues, are conducted buy international experts from trade promotion
organizations and multinational companies. The bank also carries out research on
issues related to international trade, economics and sector/product/country studies,
which it publishes in the form of Occasional Papers and Working Papers.
Besides, this publication also carries a regular feature, country scan, which gives
update on the trade/investment climate in various countries. The bank also brings
out a bi-monthly publication titled Agri Export Advantage in English, Hindi and 10
regional languages. The bank supports three quarterly publications viz Indo African
business, Indo-LAC business and Indo-CIS Business. Exim Banks commitment
to promoting and supporting trade with the African, LAC CIS regions.
Exim bank provides advisory services to Indian exporters to enable them to offer
competitive financial packages when they bid for exports.
Exim bank shares its expertise in the creation and operation of a financial institution
in a developing country, with countries endeavoring to set up institutional
infrastructure for international trade. Our activities in this regard includes:
Feasibility study for establishment of an export credit and guarantee facility for
Gulf Co-operation Council (GCC) countries.
Setting up the Afriexim Bank, Exim Bank in Malaysia, and the export credit
guarantee company in Zimbabwe.
Designing and operational sing of export financing programmes in turkey and
South Africa.
Inputs regarding export marketing/export development for Armenia, Vietnam
and Ukraine.
Feasibility study, undertaken on the behalf of the government of Mauritius, for
projecting Mauritius as an investment hub for Indian firms.
CHAPTER 6
JOINT VENTURE AND PROMOTIONAL PROGRAMS
JOINT VENTURES
Global procurement consultants limited (GPCL) is a successful consultancy
company, promoted by Exim bank in 1996,in partnership with leading private and
public sector consultancy firms in India. GPCL provides procurement related services
particularly related to multilateral agencies such as World Bank, Asian development
bank and African development bank.
Global trade finance limited (GTF), a joint venture which had its shareholders,
Exim bank; FIM bank, Malta; and international finance corporation, Washington and
bank of Maharashtra commenced its business in September 2001.GTF offers
factoring for export and domestic receivables with credit protection. The focus of
GTFS activities is on market driven export-financing solutions for small and medium
sized Indian firms.
PROMOTIONAL PROGRAMMES
Promotional activities:
a) Sector studies assessing export potential: the sectors covered are Computer
Software, Floriculture, Medicinal Plants, Steel, Jute, Sports Goods, Machine
Tools, Organic Products, Chemical and Pharma.
b) Bilateral trade and investment studies: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic,
Uzbekistan- Trade Potential. Israel, Sri Lanka, Australia & New Zealand
-Trade & Investment Potential .
c) International trade related studies: Transaction Costs of Indian Exports- An
Analysis, Business Practices of Successful Indian Exporters.
CHAPTER 7
RUPEE RESOURCES OF EXIM BANK
Term Deposits:
Minimum size of each deposit is Rs. 10,000/-. Applicable rates On the deposits for
different tenors is published from time to time. An incentive in the form of a higher
rate is available to senior citizens. The deposits are non-transferable.
Term Money:
Bank can borrow term money for 3-6 months from scheduled commercial banks and
cooperative.
Issued for tenors 1-3 years at mutually agreed rates in multiples of Rs 1 lakh with
minimum amount of a CD from a single subscriber at Rs. 1 lakh. Eligible investors
include individuals (other than minors), corporations, companies, trusts, funds,
associations etc. and nonresident Indians (NRIs)
Eligible investors
And unincorporated bodies, Non- Resident Indians (NRIs) and Foreign Institutional
Investors (FIIs) (investment By FIIs would be within the limit set for their investments
by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)).
Bonds
Issued for a minimum maturity of 3 years. In respect of bonds having call / put or
both options, the same would not be exercisable before the expiry of one year from
the date of issue of bonds. The coupon on the bond may be fixed or floating (linked
to a mutually acceptable 'reference rate').
All the above instruments currently enjoy the highest safety rating from CRISIL,
ICRA and Fitch.
Distributors with proven track record can empanel with the Bank for arrangement of
term deposits.
CHAPTER 8
LETTER OF
CREDIT
INSURANCE
TO
OTHER BANKS
The Exim Bank Letter of Credit policy can reduce a banks risks on confirmations
and negotiations of irrevocable letters of credit issued by overseas financial
institutions for the financing of U.S. exports.
This policy affords commercial and political coverage against the failure of an
overseas financial institution (issuing bank), whether sovereign or private, to make
payment or reimbursement to the insured bank on an irrevocable letter of credit.
Coverage is also provided for the insured bank's refinancing of payments under a
sight irrevocable letter of credit of the issuing bank.
What is covered? The policy applies to irrevocable letters of credit which conform
with the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP), 1993
revision, publication number 500 of the International Chamber of Commerce where
the insured has a relationship with the foreign issuing bank. The policy is not
applicable to revocable, back-to-back, red clause or conditional letters of credit.
Coverage applies to irrevocable letter of credit sales for goods produced in and
shipped from the United States during the policy period, and for services
Performed by U.S. personnel either in the U.S. or in a host country. Receivables for
products, which are less than 50% U.S. content, excluding mark-up, and certain
defence products, are not eligible for cover.
Terms up to 180 days from the date of first presentation of documents may be
extended for consumer goods, spare parts and raw materials. On a case-by-case
basis, agricultural commodities, fertilizer and capital equipment may be insured on
terms up to 360 days.
Principal amounts are covered up to the maximum insured percentages stated below
or as specified in the policy declarations. Documented interest is covered up to 180
days after the date of the issuing bank's default (or fewer days when the claim is
settled earlier). On letters of credit that are payable in U.S. dollars, the insured
interest rate is generally prime rate minus 0.5% or the rate stated in the credit
agreement, whichever is less. Exim Bank uses the prime rate published in the Wall
Street Journal, under the table "Money Rates."
The policy specifically excludes coverage for those transactions in which there is an
unresolved documentary dispute between the insured and the issuing bank.
Additionally, coverage is specifically excluded in situations in which the issuing bank
refuses documents at the time of presentation and seeks a refund from the insured
bank to which a reimbursement has already been made.
The policy may be issued to any bank doing business in the United States in
accordance with applicable federal or state banking laws and regulations. An
application, form EIB92-34, is required. The insured bank must act under the terms
of the UCP as the paying, accepting, or negotiating bank for the insured transaction.
PERCENTAGES OF COVER
The Bank Letter of Credit policy provides coverage against losses caused by events
such as war, revolution, expropriation or confiscation by a governmental authority,
cancellation of import or export licenses, and foreign exchange inconvertibility, and
commercial losses caused by events such as insolvency of the foreign issuing bank,
and failure to reimburse or to pay for other reasons.
High credits may be extended up to the amount specified in the IBCL, which
generally remains valid for a maximum period of 12 months. Once issued, the IBCL
becomes a revolving credit approval limited only to the approved issuing bank with
specified terms and tenor.
Exim Bank has published its Short-Term Credit Standards (EIB99-09) - Buyers, for
Letter of Credit Transactions that may be consulted to determine the likelihood of
approval of the confirming bank and the issuing bank.
2) By use of a Discretionary Credit Limit (DCL) given to the insured bank. The DCL
requires the insured bank to have specified documentation of the issuing banks
creditworthiness, such as a short-term debt rating or minimum net worth and
profitability. Alternately, the insured bank may evidence satisfactory experience with
the issuing bank.
Under the DCL, political risks coverage is provided against those of the country of
the issuing banks head office. If the insured bank wants coverage against the
political risks of the country of the issuing bank, when different from the country of
the issuing banks head office, it must specifically apply for that cover (see IBCL
above).
PRE-PRESENTATION AGREEMENT
Prior to the presentation of documents on the insured bank under a letter of credit
and at the time an insured bank commits to finance or pay, the insured may obtain a
pre-presentation agreement under which ExIm Bank agrees not to withdraw
coverage, add, delete, or amend any policy condition, credit limit or other limitation,
including the country limitation schedule for a period of up to 90 days.
The policy also sets forth a method by which this optional agreement may be used
and extended for additional time under the Discretionary Credit Limit.
Claims may be filed no earlier than 60 days and no later than 120 days after the
date of default. Prior to claim submission, the insured is required, within 30 days of
default, to make written demand for payment on the issuing bank. The insured is
required to file a release and assignment form with Exim Bank, transferring any
rights to the defaulted receivables and any security when the claim is paid, so that
recovery may be attempted.
Exim Bank will pay claims within 60 days of receiving a satisfactorily completed and
documented proof of loss, form EIB92-39.
CHAPTER 9
The Exim Bank of India signed an agreement with the National Water Supply and
Drainage Board on Monday to finance three projects in Sri Lanka to the tune of USD
403 million to provide pipe borne water to about one million people.Following is the
text of a statement issued by the Indian High Commission in Colombo in this regard:
Export-Import Bank of India (Exim Bank) on March 08, 2016 signed Buyers Credit
Agreements, under National Export Insurance Account (BC-NEIA) amounting to US$
403.01 million with National Water Supply and Drainage Board (NWSDB) of Sri
Lanka in Colombo, for financing the following three water supply projects:
CHAPTER 10
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
Exim bank is a sole government organization authorized to carry on all the functions,
duties and regulations relating to the export and import of all the various goods and
services. Today Exim bank is not only an import and export bank, but it has grown
over the years and as the time passed it now stands as a large financial institution
which has adopted all the basic requirements and has gained enormous fame and
has made a mark in the entire globe. Established in 1982, with the objective of
promoting Indias international trade and to function as the principal financial
institution for co-coordinating the working of institutions engaged in financing imports
and exports of goods and service.
Exim banks mission is to facilitate globalization of Indian business. Today India has
emerged as a developing country and has faced many challenges and hurdles and
has successfully overcome the tag of underdeveloped to developing and is soon
going to be felicitated with the tag of developing country. With large infrastructure of
various projects lined up and the industrial sector which has attained a boom in the
recent past has led India to climb another milestone and Exim bank is one of the
tools to develop Indias foreign trade. This has played a major role in supporting India
for becoming one of the successful countries in the world.
Today Exim bank has emerged as a huge financial institution in the world, which has
not only undertaken import and export duties but is also catering to the various
needs of other sectors of the industry.
CHAPTER 11
LAST
WORDS
The journey, long with many hurdles along the way, but at every step was a higher
learning & a better understanding of why the Export Import Bank of India is well
established in the minds of many, today. While working on this project I came to
realize that the essence of Exim Bank lies with its ability to recognize the changing
global scenario and move ahead with the world, by extending financial assistance to
different countries in the form of loans, advances, consultancy, rediscounting
facilities, working capital finance, project finance and not to mention its Lines of
Credits facility. Because of its range of differentiated and tailor-made products and
services, the Bank has been able to achieve international recognition & today it can
be truly called a catalyst for Indias international trade. With the advent of
globalization, the barriers to trade are getting dismantled & the dividing lines
between national & global markets are slowly disappearing. Towards facilitating
inclusive globalization is the banks new initiative, which has been seen through its
involvement in creating export capability in small & medium enterprises, grassroots
business enterprises & agro industries. Exim Bank recognizes that the these sectors
have great potential & with the right assistance, support, investment & expertise, the
purchasing power at the bottom of the pyramid can increase thus leading to a
gradual effect in all other sectors and thus the overall development of the economy
which was ultimately the aim of the Bank at the time of its incorporation and still is.
Throughout the entire project we have referred to all the various functions and duties
that Exim bank has undertaken in all these years. This project has mainly put light on
Exim bank of India.Exim bank of India has grown exceptionally well in all those years
and catered to the needs of all those thousands and millions of people in their export
and import regulations. It is the backbone of Indians foreign trade and today that
Indias foreign trade is touching heights, Exim bank has played the major role in
fulfilling that expectation.
It is now Indias one of the largest financial institution and is acclaimed worldwide for
all the functions it carries out. It has been graded A+ + + by CRISIL.it has taken
various functions apart from export and import duties. Lastly we can say that it is not
just a bank, but an enormous financial institution, which is leaving no stone unturned
in making its mark globally.
CHAPTER 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCE
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books:
Publications:
Newspaper referred:
Economic Times
DNA
WELIOGRAPHY
WEB SITES:
www.rbi.org.in
www.eximbankindia.com
www.commerce.nic.in
www.eximbankagro.com
www.eximcomm.com