Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
COMMENTARY
COMMENTARY
(Continued from page S14) neighboring 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s channels. This trial confirms
the suitability of 100 Gb/s DP-QPSK for multirate operation in
channel reach a long-haul, or even an ultra-long-haul, dis- existing systems on deployed fiber infrastructures.
tance. Figure 4 shows a diagram of a DP-QPSK transmitter Using coherent detection has another advantage because of its
and receiver. In the transmitter the 100 Gb/s signal is generat- tremendous tolerance to fiber impairment, as mentioned above.
ed by two phase modulators with the same wavelength, while Verizon and Nortel conducted a field study showing a significant
the orthogonal polarizations are combined by a polarization PMD tolerance for a 100Gb/s-like channel [29, 30]. The trial
beam combiner. At the receiver, the 100 Gb/s signal is arbi- involved 92 Gb/s, 46 Gb/s, and 10.7 Gb/s channels for compari-
trarily split into two polarizations. The 90 hybrid interferome- son. The 92 Gb/s channel employed dual-subcarrier DP-QPSK
ters help obtain amplitude and phase information of each modulation, while the 46 Gb/s channel used single-carrier DP-
polarization. The detected signals are then converted into dig- QPSK modulation, and the 10.6 Gb/s channel used standard
ital formats. With the help of the DSP, the received signal is OOK modulation. The 92 Gb/s channel used two subcarriers,
reconstructed in time with phase, amplitude, and polarization which together occupied only one wavelength on the 50-GHz
information. With coherent detection and powerful digital grid. The field fibers used for this trial were four aged spare fibers
processing, all linear fiber impairments (e.g., CD and PMD) between two field sites for a span of 36 km. In the trial the spare
can, in principle, be corrected at the receiver. fibers were patched at one of the sites and looped back to anoth-
In another 100 Gb/s trial, jointly carried out by Verizon and er site, where the 92 Gb/s transmitter and receiver sat. The four
Nokia-Siemens Networks, DP-QPSK was shown to travel over spare fibers exhibited different mean differential group delay
a long-haul distance with significant tolerance for fiber impair- (DGD) values. The spare fibers were patched in different combi-
ment [27, 28]. In this trial the optical transmission performance nations to find those with high PMD values. In the trial a pair of
of a 111 Gb/s coherently demodulated polarization multiplexed fibers with mean DGD of 65 ps was used. The wavelengths of the
RZ-QPSK channel with electronic post-processing (100 Gb/s) is channels were tuned to the ITU-T grid with a high instantaneous
characterized. The 100 Gb/s channel traveled, neighbored by DGD value; then the BER of the channel was measured. The
both 10.7 Gb/s on-off keying (OOK) channels (10 Gb/s) and 43 performance of the channels was measured by the error seconds
Gb/s differential PSK (DPSK) channels (40 Gb/s) over 1040 km of the OC-192 tributary signal, which was fed to the client ports of
of field fiber (13 spans). The 1040 km link had one ROADM at the transport channels. Figure 5 shows the measured error sec-
each end and one center-span ROADM. The 10 Gb/s, 40 Gb/s, onds (ES) for the channels vs. instantaneous DGD values. The
and 100 Gb/s channels were fed into the ROADMs at the ends 10.7 Gb/s channel begins to fail when the value is more than 50
of the link. The composed optical signals traveled for 80 km on ps, while 92 Gb/s and 46 Gb/s channels maintain error-free per-
each span, then were fed into an amplifier with mid-stage dis- formance for DGD values up to and beyond 100 ps.
persion compensation, using an optimized 10 Gb/s dispersion All three field trials and associated laboratory testing provid-
map. No Raman amplification was used, and the optical ampli- ed the necessary confidence for Verizon to be the first carrier
fiers consisted of erbium doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs). The to deploy 100G in the production network. On December 14,
100 Gb/s equipment consists of a full C-band tunable return-to- 2009, Verizon deployed a full GA certified Nortel 100G mux-
zero (RZ) pulse shaped DP-QPSK transmitter and a coherent ponder on the 893 km route between Paris, France and Frank-
receiver. The transmitter was fed by two 27.75 Gb/s PRBS sig- (Continued on page S18)
nals with lengths of 216 1 bit. The received data was then cap-
tured by a 50 Gsamples/s digital storage oscilloscope and
processed on a computer. In this trial the 100 Gb/s channel was
surrounded evenly by two 40 Gb/s channels and eight 10 Gb/s Sumter Seminole
channels with 50 GHz channel spacing. To examine the impact Lake
Hernando
of the neighboring channels on the 100 Gb/s channel, the bit Orange
error rate (BER) of the 100 Gb/s channel was analyzed along Pasco
the input power of the 10 Gb/s and 40 Gb/s channels. The Osceola Verizon national
results showed the performance of the 100 Gb/s channel could video service network
be optimized by carefully choosing the power levels of the Tampa
Polk Indian River
Pinellas
Manatee Okeshobee
Hardee
Lucie
100
Desoto Florida, USA
Sarasota Martin
Glades
Charlotte
100G capacity-distance (Pb/s-km)
Palm Beach
Lee Hendry
10
1
Miami-Dade Miami
100G
DWDM
50-GHz ch. space Monroe
COMMENTARY
/2
ADC
Data and
Laser generator DSP
/2
Laser
Figure 4. DP-QPSK transmitter and receiver proposed for 100 Gb/s transmission.
(Continued from page S16) [19] A. Sano et al., 13.4-Tb/s (134 111 Gb/s/ch) No-Guard-Interval Coher-
ent OFDM Transmission over 3,600 km of SMF with 19-ps average
PMD, ECOC 2008, Th.3.E.1.
furt, Germany. No changes were made to the existing Nortel [20] H. Masuda et al., 13.5-Tb/s (135 111 Gb/s/ch) No-Guard-Interval
line system that also carries many 10G circuits between these Coherent OFDM Transmission over 6,248 km Using SNR Maximized Sec-
two locations. Live traffic was placed on the 100G channel, and ond-Order DRA in the Extended L-Band, OFC/NFOEC 2009, PDPB5.
[21] G. Charlet et al., 72 100 Gb/s Transmission over Transoceanic Dis-
other routes are being considered for turn-up in 2010 [31]. tance, Using Large Effective Area Fiber, Hybrid Raman-Erbium Amplifi-
cation and Coherent Detection, OFC/NFOEC 2009, PDPB6.
REFERENCES [22] Verizon News Release, Verizon Successfully Completes Industrys First
Field Trial of 100 Gb/s Optical Network Transmission, Nov. 19, 2007.
[1] S. Elby, Bandwidth Flexibility and High Availability, presentation at [23] T. J. Xia et al., Transmission of 107 Gb/s DQPSK over Verizon 504-km
Service Provider Summit, OFC/NFOEC 2009. Commercial LambdaXtreme Transport System, OFC/NFOEC 2008, NMC2.
[2] Cisco white paper, Cisco Visual Networking Index Forecast and [24] G. Wellbrock et al., Field Trial of 107- Gb/s Channel Carrying Live
Methodology, 20072012, 2008. Video Traffic over 504 km In-Service DWDM Route, 21st IEEE/LEOS
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Equalized NRZ Transmission over 400 km, OFC/NFOEC 2006, PDP32. [25] P. J. Winzer et al., 100- Gb/s DQPSK Transmission: from Laboratory
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mission at 0.7 bits/s/Hz over 1000 km Non-Zero Dispersion Fiber, ECOC [26] OIF, 100G Ultra Long Haul DWDM Framework Document, June 30,
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[8] C. R. Fludger et al., 10 111 Gb/s, 50 GHz Spaced, POLMUX-RZ-DQPSK [30] T. J. Xia et al., 92 Gb/s Field Trial with Ultra-High PMD Tolerance of
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OFC/NFOEC 2007, PDP22. [31] Verizon News Release, Verizon Deploys Commercial 100G Ultra-Long-
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480km SSMF, OFC/NFOEC 2007, PDP23. 14, 2009.
[10] P. J. Winzer et al., 10 107 Gb/s NRZ-DQPSK Transmission at 1.0
b/s/Hz over 12 100 km Including 6 Optical Routing Nodes,
OFC/NFOEC 2007, PDP24.
[11] K. Schuh et al., 8 107 Gb/s Serial Binary NRZ/VSB Transmission over 100%
480 km SSMF with 1 bit/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency and without Optical 92 Gb/s
46 Gb/s
Equalizer, ECOC 2007, Mo2.3.1. 10.7 Gb/s
[12] A. Sano et al., 30 100- Gb/s All-Optical OFDM Transmission over
80%
1300 km SMF with 10 ROADM Nodes, ECOC 2007, PD 1.7.
[13] K. Schuh et al., 8 Tbit/s (80107 Gb/s) DWDM ASK-NRZ VSB Transmis-
sion over 510 km NZDSF with 1bit/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency, ECOC 2007,
Error seconds (ES)
PD 1.8. 60%
[14] C. Sethumadhavan et al., Hybrid 107- Gb/s Polarization-Multiplexed
DQPSK and 42.7 Gb/s DQPSK Transmission at 1.4-bits/s/Hz Spectral Effi-
ciency over 1280 km of SSMF and 4 Bandwidth-Managed ROADMs,
40%
ECOC 2007, PD 1.9.
[15] X. Zhou et al., 2Tb/s (20107 Gb/s) RZ-DQPSK Straight-Line Transmis-
sion over 1005 km of SSMF without Raman Amplification, OFC/NFOEC
2008, OMQ3. 20%
[16] G. Charlet et al., Transmission of 16.4Tbit/s Capacity over 2,550km
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[17] J. Yu et al., 20112 Gb/s, 50GHz spaced, PolMux-RZ-QPSK Straight- 0%
0 30 60 90 120
Line Transmission over 1540km of SSMF Employing Digital Coherent
Instantaneous DGD (ps)
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QPSK Long-Haul Transmission under Constraints of Typical Terrestrial Figure 5. Measured error seconds of the 92Gb/s, 46Gb/s and
Networks, ECOC 2008, Th.2.A.3. 10.7Gb/s channels.