B09 - Modern Russian

Lesson - File # - Description Lesson - File # - Description

1 01a Sound Drill 1 19 121 Preparation for Conversation A
01b Sound Drill 2 122a Conversation A
01c Sound Drill 3 122b Preparation for Conversation B
01d Sound Drill 4 123a Preparation for Conversation B (cont.)
01e Sound Drill 5 123b Conversation B
01f Preparation for Conversation 123c Basic Sentence Patterns
02a Conversation 123d Pronunciation Practice
02b Basic Sentence Patterns 124a Drills A: Repetition, Structure Replacement, Question-Answer Drills
02c Drills: Repetition-Substitution, Question-Answer 124b Structure Replacement Drills
02d Drills: Substitution, Question-Answer 124c Question-Answer, Response Drills
2 03a Preparation for Conversation 125a Drills B: Repetition, Expansion Drills
03b Conversation 125b Question-Answer, Patterned Response Drills
03c Basic Sentence Patterns 125c Drills C
04a Correspondence Between Cyrillic Vowel Letters and Vowel Sounds 126a Drills D: Repetition, Transformation, Structure Replacement Drills
04b Drills: Repetition-Substitution 126b Question-Answer, Response Drills
04c Drills: Question-Answer, Substitution 126c Drills E: Repetition, Cued Question-Answer Drills
3 05a Preparation for Conversation 127a Question-Answer, Response Drills
05b Conversation 127b Review (without pauses)
05c Basic Sentence Patterns 127c Review (with pauses)
06a Alternation of Voiced and Voiceless Consonants 20 128a Preparation for Conversation A
06b Structure and Drills: Repetition, Substitution Drills 128b Conversation A
07a Drills A: Question-Answer 129a Preparation for Conversation B
07b Drills B: Repetition, Substitution 129b Conversation B
07c Drills B: Question-Answer 130a Basic Sentence Patterns
4 08a Preparation for Conversation 130b Pronunciation Practice
08b Conversation 130c Drills A: Repetition, Transformation Drills
08c Basic Sentence Patterns 130d Question-Answer, Response Drills
09a Structure and Drills A 131a Drills B: Repetition, Question-Answer, Patterned Response Drills
09b Structure and Drills B 131b Structure Replacement, Response Drills
5 10a Preparation for Conversation A 131c Drills C: Repetition, Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills
10b Conversation A 131d Question-Answer Drills
10c Preparation for Conversation 132a Drills D: Repetition, Structure Replacement, Question-Answer Drills
10d Conversation B 132b Expansion, Question-Answer Drills
11a Basic Sentence Patterns 132c Drills E
11b Sound Drills 133a Drills F
11c Structure and Drills A 133b Drills G: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
12a Structure and Drills B 133c Transformation, Response Drills
12b Structure and Drills C 134a Review (without pauses)
12c Structure and Drills D 134b Review (with pauses)
13a Repetition, Substitution Drills 21 134c Preparation for Conversation A
13b Transformation Drills 135a Conversation A
13c Question-Answer, Transformation Drills 135b Preparation for Conversation B
14a Reading and Writing (with pauses) 135c Conversation B
6 14b Preparation for Conversation A 136a Basic Sentence Patterns
 14c Conversation A 136b Pronunciation Practice
15a Preparation for Conversation B 137a Drills A: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
15b Conversation B 137b Structure Replacement, Response Drills
15c Basic Sentence Patterns 137c Drills B
16a Sound Drill 138a Drills C: Repetition Drill
16b Intonation Drill 138b Translation Drill
16c Structure and Drills A 138c Reading Drills
17a Structure and Drills B 139a Structure Replacement Drills
17b Structure and Drills C 139b Drills D: Repetition, Response, Question-Answer Drills
17c Question-Answer, Substitution Drills 140a Structure Replacement Drills
18 Question-Answer Drills 140b Drills E: Repetition, Reading Drills
18b Progressive Substitution Drills 140c Question-Answer, Response Drills
19a Structure and Drills D, p. 102 141a Review (without pauses)
19b Structure and Drills D, p. 102 141b Review (with pauses)
20a Structure and Drills E 22 141c Preparation for Conversation A
20b Structure and Drills F 142a Conversation A
20c Reading and Writing (without pauses) 142b Preparation for Conversation B
20d Reading and Writing (with pauses) 143a Conversation B
7 21a Preparation for Conversation A 143b Basic Sentence Patterns
21b Conversation A 143c Pronunciation Practice
22a Preparation for Conversation B 144a Drills A: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
22b Conversation B 144b Response, Question-Answer Drills
23a Basic Sentence Patterns 144c Drills B: Repetition, Transformation, Structure Replacement Drills
23b Sound Drills 144d Question-Answer, Response Drills
23c Intonation Practice 145a Drills C: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
23d Structure and Drills A 145b Question-Answer Drills
24a Mixed Structure Replacement Drills 145c Response Drills
24b Structure Replacement Drills 146a Drills D
24c Question-Answer, Mixed Structure Replacement Drills 146b Drills E
25a Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills 147a Drills F
25b Question-Answer, Mixed Structure Replacement Drills 147b Review (without pauses)
25c Progressive Substitution Drills 147c Review (with pauses)
26a Repetition, Cued Substitution Drills 23 148a Preparation for Conversation A
26b Cued Question-Answer, Question-Answer Drills 148b Conversation A
26c Structure Replacement Drills 149a Preparation for Conversation B
27a Subject-Reversal, Structure Replacement, Cued Question-Answer Drills 149b Conversation B
27b Repetition, Structure Replacement, Cued Question-Answer Drills 150a Basic Sentence Patterns
27c Response, Cued Question-Answer, Progressive Substitution Drills 150b Pronunciation Practice
28a Repetition, Question-Answer, Response, Cued Question-Answer Drills 150c Drills A: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
28b Question-Answer, Response, Progressive Substitution Drills 150d Response, Question-Answer Drills
28c Reading and Writing (without pauses) 151a Expansion Drills
28d Reading and Writing (with pauses) 151b Drills B: Repetition Drills
8 29a Preparation for Conversation A 151c Response, Question-Answer Drills
29b Conversation A 151d Drills C: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
29c Preparation for Conversation B 152a Response, Subject Reversal Drills
30a Conversation B 152b Structure Replacement Drills
 30b Basic Sentence Patterns 152c Drills D: Repetition, Substitution Drills
30c Sound Drills 152d Response Drills
30d Intonation Practice 153a Question-Answer Drills
31a Structure and Drills A: Repetition, Substitution Drills 153b Drills E: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
31b Question-Answer Drills 153c Response, Question-Answer Drills
31c Structure and Drills B 154a Review (without pauses)
32a Drills B: Structure Replacement, Question-Answer, Cued Question-Answer Drills 154b Review (with pauses)
32b Structure and Drills C: Repetition, Cued Question-Answer Drills 24 154c Preparation for Conversation A
32c Drills C: Integration Drills 155a Conversation A
33a Structure and Drills D: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills 155b Preparation for Conversation B
33b Cued Question-Answer, Structure Replacement, Question-Answer Drills 155c Conversation B
33c Structure and Drills E: Repetition Drill 156a Basic Sentence Patterns
34a Drills E: Structure Replacement, Cued Question-Answer Drills 156b Pronunciation Practice
34b Question-Answer Drills 156c Drills A: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
34c Structure and Drills F: Repetition Drill 157a Response Drills
35a Drills F: Structure Replacement, Question-Answer Drills 157b Drills B: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
35b Response, Structure Replacement Drills 157c Structure Replacement Drills
35c Progressive Substitution Drills 158a Drills C: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
36a Reading and Writing (without pauses) 158b Response, Question-Answer Drills
36b Reading and Writing (with pauses) 158c Drills D: Structure Replacement Drills
9 36c Preparation for Conversation A 159a Structure Replacement Drills (cont.)
36d Conversation A 159b Review (without pauses)
37a Preparation for Conversation B 159c Review (with pauses)
37b Conversation B 25 160 Preparation for Conversation A
38a Basic Sentence Patterns 161a Conversation A
38b Sound Drills 161b Preparation for Conversation B
39a Intonation Practice 162a Conversation B
39b Structure and Drills A: Repetition Drills 162b Basic Sentence Patterns
39c Drills A: Cued Substitution Drills 162c Pronunciation Practice
40a Drills A: Subject Reversal, Question-Answer Drills 162d Drills A
40b Cued Question-Answer, Response Drills 163a Response, Question-Answer Drills
40c Drills B: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills 163b Drills B: Repetition, Structure Replacement, Expansion Drills
41a Response, Structure Replacement Drills 164a Structure Replacement Drills
41b Response, Cued Question-Answer, Structure Replacement, Response Drills 164b Drills C: Repetition, Response Drills
41c Drills C: Repetition Drills 164c Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills
42a Drills C: Question-Answer Drills 165a Drills D: Repetition, Expansion Drills
42b Response, Subject-Reversal Drills 165b Question-Answer, Response Drills
42c Drills D: Repetition Drills 165c Drills E: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
43a Substitution, Question-Answer Drills 165d Response, Question-Answer Drills
43b Response Drills 166a Drills F: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
43c Drills E: Repetition Drills 166b Response, Structure Replacement Drills
44a Drills E: Substitution Drills 166c Review (without pauses)
44b Structure Replacement, Question-Answer Drills 167a Review (with pauses)
45a Reading and Writing (without pauses) 26 167b Preparation for Conversation A
45b Reading and Writing (with pauses) 168a Conversation A
10 45c Preparation for Conversation A 168b Preparation for Conversation B
 46a Conversation A 169a Conversation B
46b Preparation for Conversation B 169b Basic Sentence Patterns
46c Conversation B 169c Pronunciation Practice
47a Basic Sentence Patterns 170a Drills A: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
47b Sound Drills 170b Structure Replacement, Response Drills
47c Intonation Practice 170c Drills B: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
48a Drills A: Repetition, Structure-Replacement Drills 170d Drills B: Structure Replacement, Subject Reversal Drills
48b Response Drills 171a Response Drills
48c Drills B: Repetition Drills 171b Drills C: Repetition, Response Drills
49a Cued Substitution, Response, Question-Answer Drills 171c Question-Answer, Transformation Drills
49b Response Drills 171d Drills D: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
49c Drills C: Repetition Drills 172a Subject Reversal, Question-Answer Drills
50a Substitution Drills 172b Response Drills
50b Structure Replacement Drills 172c Drills E
51a Drills D: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills 173a Review (without pauses)
51b Structure Replacement Drills 173b Review (with pauses)
51c Question-Answer Drills 27 173c Preparation for Conversation A
51d Structure Replacement Drills 174a Conversation A
52a Drills E: Repetition, Cued Question-Answer, Response Drills 174b Preparation for Conversation B
52b Structure Replacement, Response, Question-Answer Drills 175a Conversation B
52c Reading and Writing (without pauses) 175b Basic Sentence Patterns
53a Reading and Writing (with pauses) 175c Pronunciation Practice
11 53b Preparation for Conversation A 176a Drills A: Repetition, Response Drills
53c Conversation A 176b Structure Replacement, Expansion Drills
54a Preparation for Conversation B 177a Drills B: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
54b Conversation B 177b Question-Answer, Response Drills
55a Basic Sentence Patterns 177c Drills C: Repetition, Response Drills
55b Sound Drills 177d Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills
56a Intonation Practice 178a Drills D: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
56b Structure and Drills A: Repetition Drills 178b Drills D: Question-Answer Drills
56c Substitution Drills 178c Structure Replacement Drills
56d Question-Answer Drills 179a Review (without pauses)
57a Structure Replacement Drills 179b Review (with pauses)
57b Substitution, Response Drills 28 179c Preparation for Conversation A
57c Structure and Drills B: Repetition, Cued Substitution, Cued Question-Answer 180a Preparation for Conversation A (cont.)
Drills 180b Conversation A
58a Drills B: Question-Answer Drills 180c Preparation for Conversation B
58b Subject Reversal, Structure Replacement, Integration Drills 181a Preparation for Conversation B (cont.)
58c Structure and Drills C: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills 181b Conversation B
59a Drills C: Response Drills 182a Basic Sentence Patterns
59b Structure Replacement Drills 182b Pronunciation Practice
59c Drills D 182c Drills A: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
60a Drills E: Repetition, Structure Replacement 182d Response, Question-Answer Drills
60b Question-Answer, Response Drills 183a Structure Replacement Drills
60c Drills F: Repetition, Response Drills 183b Drills B
61a Drills F 183c Drills C: Repetition Drills
61b Reading and Writing (without pauses)
 61c Reading and Writing (with pauses) 184a Transformation Drills
12 62a Preparation for Conversation A 184b Question-Answer Drills
62b Conversation A 184c Response Drills
63a Preparation for Conversation B 185a Drills D: Repetition, Transformation, Question-Answer Drills
63b Conversation B 185b Response, Structure Replacement Drills
64a Basic Sentence Patterns 185c Review (without pauses)
64b Pronunciation Practice 185d Review (with pauses)
65a Drills A: Repetition Drills 29 186 Preparation for Conversation A
65b Substitution Drills 187a Conversation A
65c Structure Replacement Drills 187b Preparation for Conversation B
66a Question-Answer, Mixed Structure Replacement Drills 188a Conversation B
66b Drills B: Response, Cued Question-Answer Drills 188b Basic Sentence Patterns
66c Subject Reversal, Translation Drills 188c Pronunciation Practice
67a Drills C 188d Drills A: Repetition Drill
67b Drills D: Repetition, Substitution Drills 189a Structure Replacement Drills, 1-4
68a Drills D: Structure Replacement, Response Drills 189b Structure Replacement Drills, 5-8
68b Question-Answer Drills 189c Drills B: Repetition Drill, Response Drill
68c Drills D: Repetition Drills 190a Response Drills 3-4, Structure Replacement Drills
69a Expansion, Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills 190b Drills C
69b Reading and Writing (without pauses) 191a Drills D: Repetition Drill
69c Reading and Writing (with pauses) 191b Response Drill
13 70a Preparation for Conversation A 191c Structure Replacement, Question-Answer Drills
70b Conversation A 191d Drills E: Repetition Drills
71a Preparation for Conversation B 192a Structure Replacement Drills
71b Conversation B 192b Response, Expansion Drills
72a Basic Sentence Patterns 192c Review (without pauses)
72b Pronunciation Practice 192d Review (with pauses)
73a Drills A: Repetition, Structure-Replacement Drills 30 193a Preparation for Conversation A
73b Response, Structure Replacement Drills 193b Conversation A
73c Question-Answer, Structure Replacement, Response Drills 194a Preparation for Conversation B
74a Drills B: Repetition, Response, Expansion Drills 194b Conversation B
74b Drills B: Cued Question-Answer, Question-Answer, Structure Replacement, 195a Basic Sentence Patterns
Response Drills 195b Pronunciation Practice
74c Question-Answer Drills 195c Drills A: Repetition, Response, Structure Replacement Drills
75a Response Drills 196a Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills
75b Drills C: Repetition, Response Drills 196b Drills B: Repetition, Reading (Substitution Drill)
75c Question-Answer, Expansion, Subject Reversal, Structure Replacement Drills 196c Structure Replacement, Response Drills 1-2
76a Drills D: Substitution Drills 197a Response Drills 3-4
76b Structure Replacement, Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills 197b Drills C: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
77a Drills D: Structure Replacement, Subject Reversal, Question-Answer Drills 197c Transformation, Response Drills
77b Reading and Writing (without pauses) 197d Drills D: Repetition Drills
77c Reading and Writing (with pauses) 198a Drills D: Response Drills
14 78a Preparation for Conversation A 198b Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills
78b Conversation A 198c Drills E: Repetition Drills
79a Preparation for Conversation B 199a Structure Replacement Drills
79b Conversation B 199b Response, Question-Answer Drills
80a Basic Sentence Patterns
 80b Pronunciation Practice 199c Review (without pauses)
80c Drills A: Repetition, Cued Question-Answer Drill 199d Review (with pauses)
81a Response Drills 31 200a Preparation for Conversation A
81b Subject Reversal Drills 200b Conversation A
81c Drills B: Repetition, Cued Question-Answer Drills 201a Preparation for Conversation B
82a Question-Answer, Substitution, Structure Replacement Drills 201b Conversation B
82b Response Drills 202a Basic Sentence Patterns
83a Drills C: Repetition Drills 202b Pronunciation Practice
83b Question-Answer, Response Drills 202c Drills A: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
84a Drills D: Repetition Drills 203a Question-Answer, Response Drills
84b Structure Replacement Drills 203b Drills B: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
84c Question-Answer, Response Drills 203c Structure Replacement Drills
85a Drills E: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills 204a Transformation, Structure Replacement Drills
85b Question-Answer, Response Drills 204b Drills C: Repetition Drill
85c Drills F: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills 204c Structure Replacement Drills
86a Structure Replacement Drills 205a Drills C: Response Drills
86b Reading and Writing (without pauses) 205b Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills
86c Reading and Writing (with pauses) 205c Drills D: Repetition Drill
15 87a Preparation for Conversation A 205d Structure Replacement Drills 1-4
87b Conversation A 206a Structure Replacement, Question-Answer Drills
88a Preparation for Conversation B 206b Review (without pauses)
88b Conversation B 206c Review (with pauses)
89a Basic Sentence Patterns 32 207a Preparation for Conversation A
89b Pronunciation Practice 207b Conversation A
89c Sound Drills 208a Preparation for Conversation B
90a Drills A: Repetition Drill 208b Conversation B
90b Cued Question-Answer, Response Drills 209a Basic Sentence Patterns
90c Question-Answer Drills 209b Pronunciation Practice
91a Structure Replacement Drills 209c Drills A: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
91b Drills B: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills 209d Structure Replacement, Response Drills
91c Response, Question-Answer Drills 210a Drills B: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
92a Drills C: Repetition, Substitution Drills 210b Expansion Drills
92b Structure Replacement Drills 210c Drills C: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
92c Structure Replacement, Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills 211a Transformation, Response, Question-Answer Drills
93a Drills D 211b Drills D: Repetition Drill
93b Drills E: Repetition, Structure Replacement, Response Drills 211c Response Drills
94a Question-Answer, Structure Replacement, Response Drills 212a Drills D: Question-Answer Drills
94b Reading and Writing (without pauses) 212b Structure Replacement, Response Drills
94c Reading and Writing (with pauses) 212c Review (without pauses)
16 95a Preparation for Conversation A 212d Review (with pauses)
95b Conversation A 33 213a Preparation for Conversation A
96a Preparation for Conversation B 213b Conversation A
96b Conversation B 214 Preparation for Conversation B
97a Basic Sentence Patterns 215a Conversation B
97b Pronunciation Practice 215b Basic Sentence Patterns
97c Sound Drills 215c Pronunciation Practice
 97d Structure and Drills A: Repetition Drills 215d Drills A: Repetition, Response Drills
98a Structure Replacement, Cued Question-Answer Drills 216a Structure Replacement Drills
98b Drills B: Repetition Drills 216b Drills A: Question-Answer Drills
99a Expansion Drills 216c Drills B: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
99b Response, Expansion Drills 217a Response, Structure Replacement Drills
99c Structure Replacement Drills 217b Drills C: Repetition, Response Drills
100a Drills C: Repetition Drills 217c Structure Replacement Drills
100b Structure Replacement, Cued Question-Answer Drills 218a Question-Answer Drills
100c Drills D: Repetition, Substitution Drills 218b Drills D: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
101a Structure Replacement, Response Drills 218c Response, Structure Replacement Drills
101b Drills E: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills 218d Review (without pauses)
102a Structure Replacement, Response Drills 218e Review (with pauses)
102b Reading and Writing (without pauses) 34 219a Preparation for Conversation A
102c Reading and Writing (with pauses) 219b Conversation A
17 103a Preparation for Conversation A 220a Preparation for Conversation B
103b Conversation A 220b Conversation B
104a Preparation for Conversation B 221a Basic Sentence Patterns
104b Conversation B 221b Pronunciation Practice
105a Basic Sentence Patterns 221c Drills A: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
105b Pronunciation Practice 222a Response, Structure Replacement Drills
106a Sound Drills 222b Drills B: Repetition, Response Drills
106b Drills A: Repetition Drill 222c Structure Replacement Drills
106c Response, Cued Substitution Drills 223a Expansion, Structure Replacement Drills
107a Structure Replacement Drills 223b Question-Answer Drills
107b Response, Question-Answer, Progressive Substitution Drills 223c Drills C: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills
107c Drills B: Repetition, Cued Question-Answer Drills 223d Response Drills
108a Question-Answer, Structure Replacement, Subject Reversal Drills 224a Structure Replacement Drills
108b Drills C: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills 224b Drills D: Repetition, Structure Replacement, Question-Answer Drills
108c Expansion Drills 224c Structure Replacement, Response Drills
109a Response Drills 224d Drills E: Repetition, Expansion Drills
109b Drills D: Repetition, Question-Answer Drills 225a Expansion, Question-Answer Drills
109c Structure Replacement Drills 225b Response, Structure Replacement Drills
109d Response Drills 225c Review (without pauses)
110a Structure Replacement Drills 226a Review (with pauses)
110b Drills E: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills 35 226b Preparation for Conversation A
110c Question-Answer, Response, Subject Reversal Drills 227a Conversation A
111a Reading and Writing (without pauses) 227b Preparation for Conversation B
111b Reading and Writing (with pauses) 228a Conversation B
18 112 Preparation for Conversation A 228b Basic Sentence Patterns
113a Conversation A 228c Drills A: Repetition, Expansion Drills
113b Preparation for Conversation B 229a Question-Answer Drills
114a Conversation B 229b Structure Replacement Drills
114b Basic Sentence Patterns 229c Response Drills
115a Pronunciation Practice 229d Drills B: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
115b Drills A: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills 230a Response Drills
115c Response, Cued Question-Answer Drills 230b Drills C: Repetition, Expansion Drills
116a Drills A: Question Answer Drills 230c Structure Replacement, Question-Answer Drills
116b Drills B: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills 231a Drills C: Structure Replacement Drills
116c Question-Answer, Expansion Drills 231b Drills D: Repetition, Structure Replacement Drills
117a Response, Structure Replacement Drills 231c Response, Question-Answer Drills
117b Drills C: Repetition Drills 232a Review (without pauses)
117c Cued Substitution, Structure Replacement Drills 232b Review (with pauses)
118a Drills D: Repetition Drills 36 232c Preparation for Conversation A
118b Structure Replacement Drills 232d Conversation A
118c Drills D: Question-Answer Drills 233a Preparation for Conversation B
119a Mixed Structure Replacement Drills 233b Preparation for Conversation B (cont.)
119b Drills E: Repetition, Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills 234a Conversation B
120a Reading and Writing (without pauses) 234b Basic Sentence Patterns
120b Reading and Writing (with pauses) 235a Drills A: Repetition, Response Drills
235b Question-Answer Drills
235c Drills A: Structure Replacement Drills
236a Drills B: Repetition Drills
236b Question-Answer Drills
236c Response Drills
236d Drills C: Repetition Drills
237a Structure Replacement, Question-Answer Drills
237b Drills D: Repetition, Response Drills
237c Drills D: Question-Answer, Structure Replacement Drills
238a Drills E: Repetition Drills
238b Structure Replacement Drills
239a Review (without pauses)
239b Review (with pauses)