First Year in Hebrew

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The aim of this book is to give students of
Hebrew a fair preparation for constructing easy sen-
tences, and chiefly to acquire the fundamental rules
of the Hebrew grammar.
At the hegin;ning of every lesson, some rules of
grammar are inserted, so that students may become
familiar with them before they start with their prac-
tical work. These rules are expressed in an easy and
precise language, and any one familiar with the terms
of grammar will be able to understand them without
the aid of a teacher.
The words in the vocabularies and the senten-
ces in the exercises are selected mostly from those
words and phrases used in every day discourse, in
order to make them agreeable to a student. of mi-
nor age.
The introduction is prepared mainly for an adult
student who is not as yet familiar with the alphabet
and the rudimental rules of reading and pronunciation.
I am greatly indebted to Mr. H. Malachow
and to my friend Mr. B. N. Silk for their valuable
suggestions made from time to time.
New York, October 2, 1907.
H. E. GOLDIN.
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Hebrew First Year..
INTRODUCTORY.
THE ALPHABET.
The Hebrew is read from right to left,. and the
alphabet consists of twenty-two letters, all consonants.
Five of these letters, when at the end of a word, take
a different form and are called finals.
FORM
1HNTl!D WRllTN NAM a 0 UN D
N ;c Aleph Not pronounced.
~ ~ Beth b
:l ~ Veth v
J or .l ; Gimel g bard
i or 1 ~ Daleth fl
M S) He ,..
Vau ,..,,
' I
," - --,
I'
\
.n.ne-N, :i l t' n'"':l~
I!
FORK
........,co W*TTSN NAM 11: .. " ..
l z
1 Zain
n n Cheth German a#f.
t> (J Teth t
\
' I Yod 'II in 11n
:!) ~ Caph l
-4 p - - Final Caph Same as .:l)
,:J "
"
Chaph
Final Chaph
Gennan t:h
Same as~
-~
r Lamed l
0 N Mem m
", C {) Fina lMAm Same as o
J J Nun n
1 Final Nun Same as .)

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\>' 3
P'IRST YEAR IN HEB.R~W
m
FORK
P'"INTCD WMTTIEN NAM IE SO UM a
0 0 Samech sin,,.
y 0 Ain not pronounced
e @ Pe p
~ 6) Phe ,
~
Final Phe Same u I
1l'
y Tsadi t
l' ~ Final Tsadi Same as t
i
i' 1' Koph
,, ') Resh ,.
V) (1 Shin lh .
~ ,, Sin 1meea
n n Tau t
~
n "
Thau in sea cc
~
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.c
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.nl,t'tt"\ MltU-l"\,.,:J~
IV
VOWELS.
~o M NAM C sou
)
(T ) Kamets o in son
(_) Patach a in fatAlr
.
( ) or ('".. ' Tsaray a in fat1
<.) SegoI e in cell

('.) Chirik i in polie1
( .> Chirek i in it
~ (. ) Cholem o in go
Shurek oo in room
'
\ )
\
Kubbutz u in pull
.
rhere is another mark ( ) sh'va, placed under
a letter withont having a full sound, as the e in b1l0U1.
;fhere are three compound vowels: (_:) Chataph
Patach, which has the sound of a, (T: ) Chataph Kam-
etz which has the sound of 0: and ( .) Chataph Segol
which has the sound of e. These vowels are sometimes
placed under the letters V n n N, instead of a simple
sh'va, in order to strengthen their pronunciation. Pt..
tach under n ii at the enu of a word, is pronounced
before its consonant: as
-, .-: e-lo-ah -,mi ru-aela.
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FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW
ACCENT.
The accent is either on the last syllable of a
word and is called V'J7p, or on the penult and is then
called ""'f?P Most of the words are VJ~~ The accent
on the penult is indicated by a vertical stroke below
the syllable called metMg; every word 'without such
stroke is cousequently V1.~Q
. .
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~ .,rn, ~~o (n lfl'n. r>~im i>:::n m> P" _,,,~
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6~
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FlRS1.' Y-EAB I.N HEB BB W
L
The Hebrew language has no i1141futiU arliolt. .A or
a must therefore be supplied by the student whenever
the sense requires it; as .,~~ a boy.
The tlffiajU tlrliel1 is the prefix ;:t followed. by a
_,,,1& 1) rJrt; as .,llf.!' the boy; before M , ' and i it
js ~ i); as ~~the father, ~;:t the friend, l!)W, the pen.
mother, Ctt teacher, (111.) n"JiO,

friend, () ~- pupil, (111)-ro?z,
pen, t:>ll boy, .,~l-
....
tree, n, father, .:lM T
~:li1 I .,ll~ .3 . TZ?7~1 , -rO~t\ .2 l"l".)~;:t , ~ .1

.(2 l::>V!; , t:>V. .7 .(1 ~1. , l!.";!. 6 C~ij , C~ .6 .,:,~' , :;,~ .4
, ::l~ , l!.'11' , l!)v.o .10 .-rc?t' '.:l~ , JQ.., t:>V. 9 nm Irv...8

.-ro;;.w,
:....
1. A boy, the boy. 2. A pupil, the pupil 8. A tea-
cher, the teacher. 4. A tree, the tree. 6. A friend, the
friend. 6. A mother, the mother. 7. A father, the fa-
ther. 8. A pen, the pen. 9. A tree, a mother, a teacher.
10. The tree, the mother, the teacher.
l) A dot la tbe cotre of tbe letter. :Z> Tbe lettlln a, n. n. t .... 't
llolellmlaofaDAGESH
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2.
There are only two genders in Hebrew, the maio-
liu "'\?! and the feminine it?P..~
An adjective always agrees in gender with the
noun Which it qualifies. To fo1m the feminime of adje-
ctives add it T to the masculine; as ;)'\t::> good,
.
mas., i1.:l'\o T
good, fem.
The p<>Sition of adjectives is al:ways after tbejr
DOUJl8;. &,S
.
~it:> ivJ,
.. ..,.. a good l;>oy. ' .
sister, .nintt teacher, (f.}

. good, kind .:lit:> pl,lpil, (f.) in'O~.n
T : -
bad, vi ..
girl, iT'IV.J T ~ -
. beautiful, nice, (ilD')

TT
i1El'
~T
brother, MNT
it1'Q?,r:l ,.l 'l ,,~~l1 .2 n~it::> nijo , ;i;c il".)iO .t

_n~ .5 .n~ic c~ , .:lit:> .:i~ .4 . n~: i1llt~.' n~: ,ltt. ~3 ~
f lry ,lt1. 7 -n~: rv. I viT t::>V.. I .:lit:> v-~ .6 ii~~ nin~ In~:
n~ t rrr~?t' I n1ic ,9 i1-?it::> riin~ .:lit:> n~
t .8 iiV;lT il~l.
0 TiNit
TT
, i11'0~.n,,
T:--
, i1iiCi'
.,.
.10
1. A good brother, a good sister. 2. A bad boy,

a bad girl. 3. A nice boy, a nice girl. 4. A good 'teacher
(m. and f.). 5. A bad pupil (m. and f.). 6. A beautiful
tree, a good friend, a bad pen. 7. A had brother, a bad
sister. 8. A, good fath.;;r, a good mother. 9. A sister, a pen,
a fiiend. 10. 'fhe sister, the pen, the friend.
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3.
An adjective must agree in number (as well as in
Hender) with the noun which it qualifies.
Masculine nouns aud adjectives form their plural
by adding er . to the singular; as t:ll[ a pen, O~l!, pens.
PLURAL, 0'-?1 SlNGULAR, "WT'

.'
ct;iv._
lr,1.
'"IV.t.
C"'iiC ni'c
C!..,.cr,.n
. .:- icr,n
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:
MN
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r
little, small, <c~~R ,n~~R) i~R uncle, iio:r

big, large, (cr,iil ,;i1:>iil)t ~il
: t' T
aunt, mio:r
1'
idle, lazy <c?~. 1;i?~). ?~. garden, Jl_

1liligent, (C~'"lt1 ,n~ir,> Y''"\lJ room, (pl. C"!.?r]) '"1111'
, ln,-.,.~7lJ .2 .011~ito 0""1ii , n~~to iitit:t , ~ito i\o:t .1
, ~ ~~- , f''"lt' '"l~l.. 3 C~r C'"1"~7r:t , ;v,t, , I !'Cf?&::'
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.Ml'lt'K"\ Mlt:' ni:Jp
--~------~~~--
i~ .5 .cJm..,C"f'.I~ , ~, rnntt , ~T.~ n~ .4 .c~ cry-;.?
c"- , :i~: fV. ;c"7ii~ C~'10 , ':ii~ i~_p .6 . c~i~ c~ , m~
..c~n:i C'"'ti'l , f'i':' ii~ .9 .:i~~R nin~ , l~R n~ .s ~:
~~ C"!1n ' ~~ i1.p .11 C"m., C'!~}, I~ .,l!~ .10
1. A good boy. a good girl, good boys. 2. A bad
pen, bad pens. 3. A small garden, small gardens.
4. A big room, big rooms. 5. A diligent brother, a dili-
gent sister, diligent brothers. 6. A lazy uncle, a lazy
aunt, lazy uncles. 7. A beautiful garden, beautiful gar-
dens. 8. A lazy pupil (m. and f.), lazy pupils. 9. A big
tree, big trees. 10. A little boy, a little girl, littfo hoys.
4.
To form the plural of feminine nouns and adje.c-
tives oinit the ;i and add ri'\ to the singular; as ;r;t:y s.,
T T
PLURAL, l"lt:!l'1. SINGUJ,AR, iri'ri' ...

Ji'\iiC
n'\1"~7z.:i
niiV.JTl
c~
n'\MN
'
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PIBST YEAB IN HEBREW
PLURAL, SINGULAR.
nUl'? ~ iT1'M'
T :
'""' y
r.~m C'~,tl i1.'.l~t) :rit:>

T
rnn c'ri
~T ~T V1
~T C"!)'
T
~
TT
n!l'
... ,.
~,~ c'?ii~ mMl T
?i-11 T
rri3~ C"~?;;l~ il~P. ~T

~inT Cl'1'iMT il1''1M T'~
T
~.. ~
c"?~, n'ml, m:
- ''OU , (m. p.) C.nN
.. - I, (m. and f.) "~
you, (f. p.) l~ you, (m. s.) ,nnt

y
they, (m.) cry you, (/. .) nc

I
they, (f.) li1 he, M\'1

here, iie she,~
there, c~ we, (m. and f.) ~Jruae

T : r- - :
I am diligent, f'i1:' 'J~,

He is a teacher, il"J,10 N'6"1
We are here, nb ';i;i;~
.
nr~~~ ~ .~ vi,,~?~ n~ , .:l"tl (1 i'C?Q. ~~ .1
i1t.c N"i1 , .:Jitl ni)C N~.n .3 n?~, i11'~7~ T;'~ , n~~i:i
J) The dasesh of ll ,:;, ,9 and A Is omitted when the ~ word
~nds in i; , ;i, ,, or ' SILENT
9 -
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~Ji;t~ .5 .o~?ii~ o~v.t ct'~ , c"~~r C"':IVT~ Ur:J~~ .4 .n-tit!l
. c~ cri , nb '.:ir;tJ~ .6 . ni?~, ni.,V.1 l~ , ni':n.,i:i ni.,V.~
.ni.:li?!> niii':i , Cl".:li?!> c~i':'I .ni':f\.,n nimN , Cl"?~ cmN .7
T T - : ., -: -
C!!/ ~;;i , ne .:ltti/ .10 .f'1i~i~ 1'1iiV.t liJ , c"~~R C"!V.1 CiJ .9
.nit~ ni.,V.1 ';c\~~ C"!V.1 ; n~~ ilj!l~- , ;i~~ illt- .u
1. I am a good boy. 2. You are a lazy pupil (m.
and f.). 3. He is a good teacher. 4. She is a bad girl.
5. We are diligent pupils (m. and f.). 6. You are good
uncles. 7. You are little girls. 8. We are here, they are
there (m. and f. ). 9. A nice brother, a nice sister; nice
brothers, nice sisters. 10. I am here, she is there.
5.
PRESENT TENSE, i11J,
To watch, keep, .,brr;
T
;o:a:::c:~::a:~. ~11 I ~:
shewatches, is watching, M19itt> l N";:t
iQil1 l~
~ ~nn
we watch, are watching, 1'JnJN ) 'JMJN
ygu watch, are watching, Z"liit?1rt> l~; ,C"}~irt> ~; l
they w!ltch . are watching, [ l::S .( cry ,,,
who1 "Q to sit, dwell, stay, :it:" )-- \' , T
also, even, ~ to write, .:irui \ ..

\
- ID -
/
FI HS 'r YE AR IN H ~BU. E W
in, with, -~ Jetter, ~

Ti
to the (1 ,-~T ,-~ in the, with the (I ,:;i ,.:;i

T -
Z'ltiv,~1 .c"'l~iru C'!V.~i! .n1pitd n;~JlJ .i~tru '1llf!' .1

, C'.J:::-.~
:
C''Tiin
. - .3 .n.Jni.:l
... ,... .
niiin. , .:::-it~
.. iiin .2 .niiciru
. -
~ H~ n~.~i' N'it .5 ? lf?R ,~t-, ~ic;:i n~~ .4 .ri'b~i" niiii:,
1 il~~i-? il';llj. , .'.:l}.'?~ li?1t.ii~ J;1tt '07 6. Cl~ lii't1~tt Cl~
:lNit
tr
.9 1 iin~
.. -
cttJ
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:l~i'

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; -
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r.;:ni.:l
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C'!V.~ .13 .ne ~~i' i'l"l~c;:i .12 i ne .J~i' '~ .11 .ri;-:t,iry ll'.)t:t
C'fPl;.~ c~.::ir;-i~ c..t,;,~
1. The father watches, the mother watches. 2. The
friends are writing; the sisters are writing. 3. To whom
are you (m. p.) writing letters 1 4. We are writing let-
ters to tho teacher. 5. vVhere is the father, little boy !
6. He is sitting in the garden, also the bro~hers are
there. 7. Who is sitting there in the room? 8. The tea-
cher (f.) is sitting there. 9. She is lazy, also you (111. .)
are lazy. 10. I wlite a letter to the uncle.
6.
to break, -j.:ltt}
T
to stand, ic~
.
,J1i"'l?itU .c""l.:littJ 11i!?ittJ ,i~iet t'lt~iv ,C"1~iV 11i!.piV 11QiV
1) The prefixes ll IN. ll AS and ; 0 are contracted wltb the article
R Allto :D. :D. and ;; wit~ i'1
T
ln;o :;i, ll
~ 1
an~
.
,ancit, TM~ to ieam, study, -.07

always, .,..on
' T
rni01'J'
,tMOii,
l
.n~c;',
If":
,io1C,

and <' ,., -1 1 now, ~':''.
sign of the objective case, <ziN>

.. (2 n11t:
T',1' i"Q?~
A diligent pupil,
The diligent pupil, (3 T',7';:J .,..Q7~:i
The pupil is diligent, f'i': i"Q?ZJ.1
t ~ irrm .2 n~: rv.o i1~)':t ~ it@! 17.. .1 I I
;r:ill~:J , ~. ii':'~~_ .3 . c~i~ 0"!100 , c~tq.:t C"!1-'14':1

, niJ~P.1 rn-i~~tt , nt~~P. nii~~ .4 . ;Tm, in)~., , ~~r:i
.:;h" T'ii:ti'.'.I -r~?~! .6 t i1p~ Cf .:lV/.i" .,~ .5 .n~ n'i~+:i
~?.ir:I ~i'.i1; il':'ll~:J .s . H~ n-::ieiv ir!i~i:r .1 . iQi'1 c~
c.:~ t)\J~P.;:1 C"!~~:t .9 ~ c'-1\i~~t' r~1 c~m ~ ,~~
t;i) ~' CVJ 'P .10 C"~V..f C"~r:'i~ c.,i,,n+., C"!~~iJ! ,cr~.,~~f
nr;iv. .:lVJ'i' l~Rij <David) in .12 mi, ('' nb, .:tt:: c;' .11
C"ioip C.j .14 9C"'1V,liJ il~.~ .13 lO~ :z:i~~ < .:lt:l'b1 i\'J~
"iV.fll .16 . niiJ?1'1 ll;! nn). nt:~i" mil!~' C"!3'~ .15 l~
. C'-!ii~~ry n~ i"Q~ i~i~ ~:!
1. A big brother, the big brother, the brother is
big. 2. A little sister, the little sister, the sister it little.
1) Before words besinlns with ::l t) El or use ' for AND. 2) Used before
:
a definite objeet oety. 3l The definite article 11 written n be1or n aocl y.
... y "
4t Alter tlle c~ction t AND, :a. :l), B and T-1 omit tM DAGESH
- 12 -
\ Digitized by Google
.FIRST YEAB IN HEBREW
3. Lazy boys, the lazy boys, the boys are lazy. 4. Good
teachers (f.), the good teachers, the teachers are good.
5. The little boys always break the pens and the pen-
cils. 6. The diligent boys are sitting now in the room
and studying. 7. Who is standing in the garden t 8. The
good aunt is standing there. 9. We are good and diligent
girls. 10. They (f) are sitting in the garden and studying.
11. You (m. p.) always break the pencils. 19.. She is stan
ding now in the room.
7.
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES.
my uncle, "ii':r my,'

your uncle,{. 1.) ( 1 (V,i':r) 'fit.I your, (m. 1.) <;,.,. ) ; ,
your uncle, (f. 1.) ;n;o:i your, (f. 1.) :i ..
his uncle, iiii his, i
her uncle, ;:ni':'t her, M
T

our uncle, ')"ii":t
1
our, ~J1
your uncle, (m. p.) C?1i':'t your, (m. p.) c~;
your uncle, (f. p.) 1~-1i':'t your, (f. p.) l?.,
their uncle, (m.) C"Ti':t T
their, (m.) c
T
their uncle, (f. ) T!'':r their, (f.) t

My uncle is good, ~ilO "'!h
My good uncle, .::ii~' TA

1) Ueecl t the end of clause or sentence.
- 13 -
this, (a.) :it
"t
but, C,!lN
.,.., this. (/.) nNf
Add pciasesllfTe adjectives to H110V.. ,~and~
~~, r~ .'1' !riio.1 ~~~~ .2 f''ilJ'. !l110 ~~ .1
,~,V ~P:,'! ,.,.., ~ ' 'W. Vi.,~. 8 .ic;'1. 'i'Tpj~ ~ti
::t111J' ~~i' em .6 1 n~~P. "1llt-' ~N ~ .G ~~rt~
icirtl t.!_t-1 .s 1 c~~ ~ n~v.. '"lQit: '~ 'l C'~ "'*-''Q1
i'ff\'ilJ', ~it:> UJJ~ C,~~. , n?~- ~ 1~~~ .9 U}.! ~
.~f?N Mt I Mt 'q .12 n'\C M! t ~! "Q .ll ~ ~CJ_! .10
i~it: ~1 i1V..J. .lo .n,~ M"'l'il~ Ntt .1, .n~: .,.,1' nt .13
itt'l7. n-::~'' n?ii+1 11n1n~ .16 .c'.ri~~~ ~ D"10Vt1 ~-re~
;""1rt::t !lt1i" an., .1s i c"~?PP. c~iv~ , ~i,ie ~.~ .11 i11~P
.!lnQi
.. :
1. My brother is bad and lazy. 2. lrly lazy brother
is standing now in your (m. s.) room. S. Your (f. .) sis-
ter is good and diligent. 4. Your (f. .) good and diligent
sister is sitting now in our garden and writing letters.
5. His pupil is diligent but yours (your pupil) ( . p.) is
bad and lazy. 6. Their (m.) little boy is breaking the
lamp. 7. Who is this (m.) 1 This is their (f.) teacher.
8. This is a beautiful candle-stick. 9. Hex iittie sister is
good and diligent: she is always sitting in her small room
and studying.10. We are good pupils (f.), but you (. p.)
- -- -eadas
1) ~
- ua n_are feminine
- 14
Digitized by Google
are bad pupi1s. lL Who is this (f.)I , , . ilf 1 big

sister. 19. Where is your uncle, little girls t 13. He is
l!litting in our room. 1'. His little boy ahraJ8 breaks
the pencils.
s.
to sell, i!)Z( chair, (a) (l (pl. ~) N~~
,~,n".!~~it) table, (.) <' (pl. ni:lf?~) 'f'krt

on, upon, ~blackboard(.) slate, (I (n'imr,) r"R?
at, before, ,,,,'JEh
: ..
g1a8B, cup, (/.) c~
who, that, which (2 -n ,-n
" -
ZTJ:Vf'.) .I tM ".ll$ ~1t!.f Np~-, ~ :l~ ..,_,, .1
il"l~' .s -~ ur.i~ ~~1 llffl'i1 . ~ ~ ~.,
rrimC, '1z ~i rn=i~1 ritlt?iV c,p_ ~~' nt-l'Q._,, _..
"v_,:2"9 ~ .Ii i.t'~ ""~, ~ ~ ~ ~ . -~~
. ~~ ~ ~ ~1 Or/ :l~ .,,,. .8 I lT)n~ ~~
~10 'f?~ .8 .Qi' C'.;lito O~~~l.:l t;i~ ~ptl ~-l'j .7
T~Z, n~1rd n~~P,i, O!'iri~ .9 n;,Ut?, ~ , rriJTf?t!!
ct) n7~1v ;:in~~ ;:i?f?V! i,v., .10 ni~:i ~ ~., ~
tA;p "v_ fito!P.~ ~p~ N,;:11 Ji,,P~ ~ ~ .n . n~:
c~: nt:i110 n1~t:tv .ts .c,~t;iP, n1N9~;:n, , c~ nujrr,,:t .ti
N';:i ; N';:i ..~,n~ '~~ n~ n~_91re;:i i"l"l~m .14 -~~to n~~::S
a
1) )fuy muculille DOUDS form tbelr plural In
CJeed witll die aw-at teDae only. Stt Jeaaoa 1.
"'i . ~f pl. nbK.
"
- 15 -
/ J
Digitized by Google
'1 ~., ~~ "lt ,'Q1' l"I~~,, N'::t : ~1 n~ic n"Ul~
~ irt?~ij
1. Ky table is big, and your (m. 1.) table is small.
2. My big table is here, and your (m. s.) small table is
there. 3. Our chair is nice ; our nice chair is in your (f.
s.) garden. 4:. His little sister always breaks the glasses.
5. Who is sitting on my chair? 6. Your (m. 1.) mother .
is sitting on your chair at the table and is writing.
7. The little boy that is standing in the garden is my
brother. 8. The teacher (m.) is sitting at the table and
the pupil(.) is standing and is writing with chalk on
the \:>lackboard. 9. The fathers are good, also the mothers
are good. 10. The chairs are small, but the tables are
big. 11. Ky uncle sells tables, chairs, slates and lamps.
12. The boys that are standing in their room are diligent
pupils; they are always sitting at the table in the gar
den and writing. 13. We sell pens, pencils, chalk. slates
and small lamps.
9.
THE PASSIVE PARTICIPLE, "'-!

T
(m. s.) .,,,:ituT

f (111. .) .,,~
<f. > m':ld sold,

I
~
(f. > m:>e
T ;
I <. p.> ~
T :
Ca p.) C"'l,:ld
. :
l (f. . ) nrn:ic

- 16
Digitized by Google
there is not, are not, ~
you (/.,.) are not, do not, i?-?"~ I am not, do Id, 'Vt'

they(.) are not, do not,~ you (m. 1.)are not, do not, ;rtt
they (f.) are not, do not,1~~ you (f... ) are not, do not, v~
sick, rt/in ,D'?in ,,~ ,,-i'?in heisnot, does not,(~),~
why, ~ she is not,does not,<.1.:,c>~
because, for, that, ';a we are not, do not, ~
very, ~-) ikqyou(m.p.) are not,donot,~~
n1tt9z.1 , ~ lrtr'~i'J .2 . n;~ rric'UJi:t , ,~ l~J .1

~'~ lJ'1P .4. C',;l~ C'~~tpi) , !1'~ ~~~ti .a . ~tp
~~ip .6 ~' ~'- "~ !11)-Q -~.r,~ .5 '';lp. ~ ~ ~
"l!t$ .s '~ ~ 'l 111-9'' '~l~ .1 1 ii.!~P m~)-J'11?~ ':J~
nro?l) ~P,-1 ~;~ .9 ~ ill_ zi~ ~' u.r~ 'Jh~:i
~'Q
r~

nie;; nt.r,tc1 ~ i'Q'l ~.~' N';:1 '~ ,ikz? ~
10
~ttJ \lrtt .11 t CirJ D"";I~~ ,U)~ ~ ~ ~~
~ ~ l;>nt ll'1Q 12 ~V.~ r:riq;; ~ '~ ~~
~'!1' CMOW., '~ ri~t:) 'i.~ .18 I~ ~?~ ;~
'f?9~1 ;m .is tM:t mprf HrRtrt ;v_ ,,,~ ~., .u
C"'"\~ '~ ~V.. '~ I J1to!P~ ~ '~ .16 i\:l~
reti ~ .17 .C,j c~ 'l 0"'1?~' or~ ".f-' .16
ir'l~vt
~l!' m:i~ ll! '; ,,kt? zi~,~. liii~"'" .18 ~ ~' D,l'J
- 17 -
Digitized by Google
c~'tt ~ .m ~ ?n~ ,..,~ ,Jpn 19 .111rrtf>1~11~
.l'\~':n"'\M n\TIK,, ~.:K .tn1in
Y y-i,y T-Z T
1. I (-.) am not bad, you (m. 1.) are not bad.

2. You (f. 1.) don't study, he does not study. 3. The
lamp is not broken. 4. The pencils are not broken. 5. The
little girls don't study now because they are sick. 6. Why
don't you (f. 1.) write a letter to my brother 7. I
don't write because my pen is broken. 8. The big boys
that are sitting in our garden are sick. 9. Their (m.) un
cle sells his table to my father because it 1) is very big.
10. My siAer sells the lamp because it 1) is not nice.
11. Why don't they (/.) study f 12. They don't study
because ,t heir mother is sick. 13. We write with chalk
because the pens and the pencils are broken.
10.
The auxiliary verb tll do does not exist in Hebrew
and, in translation, you must change did I ull into
1old /; tlo '"
uiz into are 1ori selling etc.
PAST TENSE "l;lJt
I watched, have watched, 'mctd :1- T
you '(111. 1.) watched, have watched, r-ncrd

u- y 'I'
you (/. 1.) watched, have watched, riictd

l ' - y
1) 'Wlaea tile 90miaatlve IT 1tands for a maecullne aoua, traa.late u b11

an.-,; wtiea far a feaiaine aoun, hsnalate It by M'i!
- 18 -
, '
'
he watched, nas watched, ~ttl

- T
se watched, has watched, ;nett/

TIT
therefore, 1;~ to remembeL", ~!
no, not, (1 ~
tc1 introcJuce a question,2)i'1,-M,n
: - -z
yesterday, 'iio~M 1 ...
Write the past singular of "i2 .,~

T T
,:J~ and
T
,b;
T
ic11t
y:
ottJ :Jri' r,ru,, '1N .~ 'c.:lm 'ncM :Jr "C .1
T -y T- T .;-; ;: -y
~6 ,tO ':Ji~1 ~ ,j'!1~~ ~ ~:~~ ~ry .s -~ ~

:or;~~ ~ ~ tr1?ir0 .5 ~V.. N5 .,~~ TI "r:r!~~ "~
'il!l9::t "Cu, ~ ?io~ "'1~~ ne 111.ft~v.: ~~! n ~r;r
~.~ ~ ~ 7 .n,~ir n~l~ M";:J ~-?~ ,c._..,;m ~ .6
7\o~ ..~ 'J~ ,:Ji~;:i ".:t~ ,N; .8 f il~1 it?t:t ;~ :J~~
n~~P.i1 "~ .10 'Jito1P.-? l'J'(iJ C,v._ ~ "Q .9 ~ ;tt .:iz:i~~
'!"'FJ~ ~'- ~ri'J n~~P.0 ;r;V.#iJ 11 ~toi~~ ~i! ;ll n~
"~~? iQ~ -r~?l):t .ti .".ri.,~lt. ~ "t?~ N5 'Jic~ ni~~
N$ ~'1 irt?tf.iJ ~-M!.~VT it'1T"~7l)'j\ t'h~~ N5 "1Q?l iit?~tt
ln1Q .M ~ ~QiVi1 .,llf~ "~~. ~ "zn?-q "~ .13 .mjJ~iJ
i~~ , "l;)V. "! ~~V/ ~ .15 '~"'i!1V~ ':!~ ~ ~~
~~ PJ1Q .17 U7.iC7 iJ~ n~ ~9 rrrr.r .16 ~V.1 "~
? 11r:q~ 1;i? ,~rt niM9~iJ .18 1 ;i~P. ~J ,rktfiJ ;v.
u It~ followed Irr oe- means NO. 2> Befare IC- n. n. Jor . - it;
"".
llelure IC.
'f
*1.
T
n 111M1 JI -
'9' T
ft,
:
otherwise M.
.
- lD -
Digitized by Google
x ' '- L
n~;?,ir N'i1 : -tkD ~ n~i10 rm11t .19 1
''nP-'n lf'J~~n
..~ ~ i"~J;i
l. I stood yesterday in your (m. s.) garden. 2. You
(m. s.) have not studied your lesson. 3. You (/. > broke
her slate. 4. He did not remember his lesson yester-
day. 5. Did she study her lesson 6. No, she did not
study. 7. Your good uncle sold his garden to my father.
8. The little girl did not study, therefore she does not
remember her lesson. 9. The big boy that is standing
now in your (. p.) room, broke our slate yesterday:
10. Did your </. p.) friend write a letter to his teacher!
11. His mother is very sick, therefore he did .not write.
12. The pens are broken, therefore I write with a pent!il.
13. My brother sold his garden to our uncle.
11.
P ABT TENSE CONTINUED '1~~
we watched, have watched, U"'lctd

:t- T
you (m. p.) watched, have watched, (1 cr-nt>r!

1 1- ;
you (f. p.) watched, have watched, (1 l~!Q~
they (m. and f.) watched, have watched, riceJ

...
apple, fJ'p,r:t to go, walk, 1'-~
nut, ri.lNw to eat, ';~

T
1) ~ !M - d penoa pllll'81 the ,. la chao11ed into , : tlae lln.t letter e

!he jStOUlldrm. ( rfie') beiDS It n, M "~ J7 Jt receives
~ -
- 00 -
yes, so, j~ who, that, which, ~~
Write the past singular and plural of~! ,ib:q ,:p:;s and;~
C"mln

\J?!*
: 1- T
Ceii 'nM
T t
:
;N
:
'JioziN
: "."
~;il
: 1- r
\lnllt
.- -.
.1
;r-;1~ .,~~ ,;i~Ri'.:I ~v.~::i
.3 Y~mel:) ~ ~~"! 'Q .2 .c~J
~tt .:i~Q ?io':'~ c~~iJ ' 'V''BlJ zi~ ~ ~~~ ,~v_n~.
'.lf-' ;~ c~ ,~~o ;~ ~~ 'J-?~~ ,.::iitQ;:t t.;i':'f l~ .5 t C.?,7io
( 2 'J11~~ (2 ,C'!\ltr.J C'mel:) <1 llj~~~ j~ i~~ l~ .G U?f-'-?
iko ziimn ere zi'b~n nii~Jn .1 .uio?i \lTtM.:1 mru~

; T T : - T :- : t-1'! ... : .... ; ;i-y
n~ry i't"1i..~ry ~ ,,~~ '1~~.fl ?io~ ~rt?: ,~~ ni.,~+':I .s

' C?~ c~ l?\,ri .,llf!':t ~it '~ . 9 1t.m~ ~ n"tt.?~ .,~~
ll')"1~7~ .12 .c~~. c-ru~::i1 c'r:nezy:i .11 i~~;:i tr~~ m, .10
,~ ,~,~ ~ U:t~? ~ '*'
.1a 1zii.:lito ziii-c?z::i ,P7'~ ;'\~
c0 ,~ .15 ,t.~ .,~~ rm ;ll c'!iJ~ rtt .14 niin ~N
C'ilt~:t c.::i .16 t c-metJ ,;~~' l~ 'Jio~ '::l!i: .,~~ c~~i!
c~~ .17 C'f'fl91J ,_~~ c~~iN Cft t~?1 t~1 ~ C'!;'i~ij
.;,~ "'\j) ~ cry:~~ '~ri':~ ;v._ cr:nQ~, ~ r c'n
1. We stood, you (m. p.) stood. 2. You (f. p.) went
yesterday to your uncle. 3. They ate apples and nuts in
our garden. 4.. Did you (m. p.) break my slate t 6. No,
we did not break your (m. 1.) slate. 6. Did you (f. p.)
go yesterday to your friend? 7. Yes, we did go there.
1) See PtlS 20 11ote. 2) The cionJunc:tloa , AND u writte ~ belore_,1
t before.. , and i beforeT 1
- 91 -
Digitized by Google
8. The little girls that are standing here broke the bea-
tiful lamp which you (/. p.) sold to my father. 9. Why
don't you (f. p.) eat the apples 1 10. We are sick, there-
fore we don't eat [any] apples. 11. Who is the girl that
is walking in your garden 9 rn. It (she) is my sister.
13. The good aunt sells pens, pencils apples and nuts.
12.
~ouns ending in i1 change the
T
n into n when the
possessiv& adjectives are .a.dded
. n i T io:i
our aunt, un,;,
l""T
my aunt, 'niii
T
your (m. p.) aunt, C~I?1i, your(m.1.)aunt,(;r.J1.'i"lt}'=f1?1ii

your (f. p.) aunt, 1~1?1.i':J your (/. a.) aunt, 101.'i,
their (m.} aunt, cn'ii,
TT
his aunt, irlii"!t
T
their (f.) aunt, tnii":f his aunt, nnii"!t

TT TT
horse, C'lJ to lie, recline, ~c'

T
master, sir, Jii~ bed,neeT
but, ( 1 c~ ~~ cow, me
TT
both ...... and, 0!0~ servant, <nin~ty'> no~~
MQ~Q~ -rQQ ~~ittJ N'~ '~ 1'iN9 it~~Jt/\~RiJ ':j~inlf .1

~rn1Jt? ~ 'no~~ M"H~ '~D.q~~ .2 Mf'vr/ Tl~ n:J~i' n;.~~1
]) Uted after negative exprenloas.
22
\\
Digitized by Google
FIRST YEAB IN HEBBE W
~'fti' n~i9rI ~l'f!)'=t 3~1".J~ "~~ "'-.M"\qYT ~ ~f?u

CIJ1 "'rit ~q "~l.1 .4 ~~~ ~~ :i~~ ~t''C7 .'1*11 nJill
.,2~,,~i' ittfl 'V:l~Qf ,,~o :i~)td i1Q~ Pl~Q .& Vil.Pr n~
'~ :i~ittl l~~ ~ c~ "~ ,n1ico "ZJ;;li ,~~ "~ .6 ' ;.JV
,';ii~,~ .a 'il~R ~t- ,c~"'9t\LI n~ r;i?~~ ~ .7 -~t~
~ c; n??~ n;n~:i "lJ'iM~: ct;t 'il 1C'tnetu:i ~ "l;\~~ "~~ N~
C'?ino ,c;m~Q~

C'~~ittl

Cl'.')~

l-'j':IQ
I
.9 D'tilltJ"IT

I"\~ Cl_ D'l'J'91JiJ
ri~ ~~ "~ .11 .\lr].t~ O'~in ,n~il9rt Uf.'1i':t l~ .10 t er.;~
'D-;p~ "~ it? "J.'ii~ ,N':i "12 t i!iTQP:lJ "J:'1'Q?t1 ,~j 1~)'i.lft
1
n~ Ci ,~p_y ~ Q! I n~itc iM.)t-t- .13 'tf."p~~ - ~ "~ ,;:i~)'i.l"?

~ n~-tr "J:'iri~ ,"~ii~ 1J;.> N~ .14 M4~f?tt 'iJ{lin~ :"t}?r ~,,V.y
i'~!lY n.~ ii'#~ "'111'.J-i1 eie~~:J ':ill ~W?o il'Jllfi"T\ ,icl;q
1. My servant is very sick. 2. Your (. 1.) little
sister broke our lamp yesterday. 3. Your (f. 1.) good
aunt sold her cow to my father. 4. Why do you (m. p.)
lie always in your bed, are you sick t 5. Yee, (our) sir,
we are sick. 6. Your (/. p.) beautiful lamp is broken.
7. Their (m.) uncle sold his horse and his cow to my
brother. 8. Did you (m. s.) break my pen 9 9. No, (my)
sir, I did not break your pen, but my little sister
broke both your pen and your pencil. 10. Her sister
did not go to their (f.) teacher (f. ), but to their aunt,
11. Your (m. p.) cow is standing now in your garden.
12. Their (m.) little sister broke my pencil and my pen,
therefore I write with chalk on the slate. 13. Why is
- 23 -
Digitized by Google
your (f. p.) sister lying in bed now, is she sick t 14:. No,
(my) sir, she is not sick but lazy. ,
X'! /.'
13.
Verbs ending in lJ or V_ have n_1Jnstead of n_..}n the
present feminine singular, as : lilJpj';, taking; n~~tt},
I
hearing, instead of n!)R)'; and n~,r:tird.
to send, ,;;,,.; rm,T'

to take, -1
-1 'f
nirff'!J ,C'~et ,nq?ird $rd ninp:i'; ,t:l'J".IRi'; ,nQPij? ,o~;i,

to, for, belongs to,-7 to know, Y-1"
-IT
'7
to me, for me, mine, n~~t"!i"
.
,Q'v.!i'
.
,nll'!i"
I
,~.i'
I
to you, for you, yours (m.s.) + to hear, understand, ~Ord
1{ ~. T
to you, for you, yours (f. s.) ':"'-
=1~
ni~'Oird
ii :
,omoie
ii. : ie..r- ""'i~
,n""'ird .:r-
to him, for him, his, ;'; voice, 'np
to her, for her, hers, ii~ to obey, 'lip? or 'ni.,1 ~~
watch, Ji~
"r:'l1i0 ,&6 .2 t ~P: ;q'P7tl T.l'~~ n~ ~~ n4.'i'L1 .1

i6 ~~' ,s ."t:i1P~ ~6 "~ ,"!~VW n.~ n~' '~.~~~ ,n1~::i
"r;in~ ,~:c:~~q .5 "f;'1~~ 'N' 1;.~ ,ik9 ii~in 't~ ' 1 l'?1~~
.'~V;Qf '1~ ,6 t C".:lito C'yil~~ C'T}~UJ '7 M2'1// '~Jii ';l i't~i?Oi1
1~'~ '~ ~Q.jl i'; .:i~ u;JiO .7 1 '? o; n?f t-6 Y31Ql
~6 ~ 1 nv,+ m,J.!~- .s 1'?
n2~ N~ l-?.~ ,;';;pi n~ird
1~V. nt1 ~; WPP "tr~ 9 ' f:'!J~Z ,~~ '~v.. r.~ ~ r;iq~r
24 -
, ,, ,1
"/... ;;.......
Iy
I \ I
Digitized by Google
FIRST YEAB IN HEBREW
1-tiip~. ~ no~~ ~~J 1~in~ 11 ? '-1i,~V.. l\'1 np~ 'Q 10

C~ "~ ,N~;:'I "( ~ "~!/?~ ~ i~~ CU;:t .12 .i~r i\~~. 'il
1? o~v.o .14 N"::t "~1,,? li~ ri1 ~,~Q m_Jtt .1a YJ?
C~ '~ ,N!lit Tiii? N? Cf ,~,VQ C'CLI .15 .;C, C';i~~Q1
' ikp n~n ,,i.;tt 'r:t~ "~ ,ri'bi~ riii'P?D ,W~tf'il .16 'r:t~?
~ N!li't "~ ,,.ri.;o'? :iT:Jtl~
T
1i:i-nT,

".'i> ,~tz/T
t
Alli,~
I
l~ 17
!l9.~tz! "~~: "~ ,n~..; Ji~ "~ n~~ ~itiliJ "i', ".'i> ,ct;V~Q~iJ .1s
C,;p~ llQ5tV Uv.J. tl! ~6iJ.~,~Ttz! N?1. Uln,..: ~ .19 'i7\p~.
I I I
c110. V-9-'rt! ,,~q ~ .20
. . .
N?i: 1'? tnil
! ,i, m'
l13~C' ,'Tiii
! j~~ ~r?;p 1'1~ Cl;J~~t?v .21 .;? N'1 ~ m~ l~~ ,..,;~ ?ipf
.c~7ip

1'1~ UV.Q'"
1 'If
1C'-'i~ CTI 1l: .22
1. He hears, she hears. 2. We (m.} obey him; he

obeys us. 3. You (f. s.) know, you knew. 4. I (/.) take,
you (m. 3.) take. 5. You (f. 3.) send, you sent. 6. The
chair is mine, and the table is his. 7. The lamp is yours
(m. 1. ), but the bed is hers. 8. The horse that is standing
in the garden is my uncle's (belongs to my uncle), and
the cow is my father's. 9. Our servant does not know
that (".Z>) her sister is sick. 10. My good aunt sent (to)
me a beautiful watch. 11. The lazy girl does not obey
her teacher (m.). 12. Did you (m. p.) take my pent 13. No,
we did not take your (f. 1.) pen, but your little sister
took both your pen and your pencil. U. The watch
which my aunt sent (to) me is broken.
25
./
I
Digitized by Google
\ .. -.
Ohapge such constructions as: I Aav1 into ,,.,,.,.is to

me, .,,.,, fatAlr ha1 not into flttrt i1 not to m1 falllr.
there is not, there are not, 1'~ there is, there are, rd~
I have not, I have no, ; 1"~ I have, ti, ti' . ..

my father bas not, '.;i~? r~ my father h~, "':;'fl et
to us, for us, ours, "ih
' JT
to you, for you, yours, (f.) l~~ ,(m.) ~~
to them, for them, theirs (f.) lv~ (m.) Ctj~
to whom, whose, who has, "Q?
more, else, yet, still, again, iiv
many, nb110"~1 under, NJp
C'~'J D";\'1\31{:1 O'?QV.. 'ff i1J;17~ ;i~itllti ~~ .1
nin~ 'fl ~ .3 N';:t '* fV.4 r'ifJ/) 0~ li1~.iVq. in~Q
.n~~i~ l~~ ,,~Q N";:I ~.~" "il ,.,k9 N'rt nit>1 ,n4i:iP:
.2
;)~~tt ~ '* n?f ~'M .5 t ;l~t?iJ ~ o~~ ,~ .4

Z,v._ l"l?~iVy n~;n n~iJ~i:I 'IQ? .6 iNp ;tin 'lo~ '~ ;)~l
n.?r
~~q .s up!;!~~? o~ '.;> N';:t 'if NZ, .7 N'i? ~tlLJ DP;ltl?tf
'~ r~ ,;)~tllw ~lp. ,N; .9 'CWPP: C'iV): C"!'J.~ iiv Cl~~
I
o'?'\ir:i n~9-i>tt "? .10 .c'J:l'Bti iuj ~ ;~~ ,o,.u~ iiv

,~l~ nu~~ 'riv 11 'co l~~ 11~ r~~ no,o c"19iVQ
n'\"'l~:S .1~ .C"~~P: riiN9-? o~ . ~ ,C'!iif niNq~ uJ l'~ l;?~
~it) -
vv . ' 1 11
~ t"- r
\
Digitized by oogle
FIRST YEAR IN HEBUE W
rrm, 1~ mnt:11~ 1lu ~110 nrr~?~ c-; nt~f'!.1

.u '~t?O 1" m~~iJ nQ1'f 'Q] .1s ~;
~ n~fr't ~;:t
"~: ~ "~ ,"~~ ni10 iriV~ '~ ~ ;:i~1 ,"tp~ ~:i
TJ1Q rti~ C";l~" O";litliJ C~IJ .15 C~'YWil ~ i~~
.Q~ 0'7~ TllQ ;p_ O"~~" C'Q1 D.,~iUl ,C"it?i"i
CJ ,n~1 ";yin~ ,1~ .17 ' ,,~ ,C'31 Dj,~ ~.il .16 'f?
"? ~1 C"v.J ~ NJfJ tl";l~O ~r.:'
1. Our good uncle sent (to) us apples and nuts.
S. The pens are ours, and the pencils are yours (m. p.).
3. We have no more apples in our garden. 4:. Who sent
(to) you the beautiful watch J 5. Our teacher (f.) sent
(to) us the watch, because we always know the lessons.
6. In your (f. p.) garden are many trees, but you don't
have [any] apples. 7. To whom did you (f. 1.) send a
letter yesterday I 8. I have sent the letter to my father.
9. You (/. p.) have nuts, and they (m. p.) have apples. 1
10. Who has a good pen 1 11. Your (m. 1.) little sister
has a good pen. 12. Have you (f. 1.) [any] more apples t
13. No, I don't have [any] apples, but I have (some]
nuts. 14:. The little girl that sits there under the tree
is very good, because she always obeys her teacher(/.)
15.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.
When a noun is modified by a demonstrative, or
both by an adjective and a demonstrative, the defenite
- ~ -
Digitized by Google
article is prefixed to the noun, the adjective and the
demonstrative.
The position of a demonstrative is afler the noun.
When a noun is modified both by an adjective and by
a demonstrative, the order is, Noun-Adjective-Demon
strative; as ii~iJ i~pn' this bog; iWJ .:li~iJ illpn, this good boJ.
those, (m.) C{!y this, (m.) (it.!.LJ) i1J
those, (f.) liJy this, (f.) (Mt;:t) Ml
man, husband, (pl. C"rttJN)
T-:
rtt'N these, (111. and f.) <mttn)
:1 T
it'N
:1
woman, wife, (pl. (1 C'~~ itt:e that, (m.) N\.,iJ
etc. ~~ ~~~ ,~~ that, (f.) ~'
n~o ,~~ .2 'l:t'1y ~ ,~r ,,~ ,~~ ~, ii~ .1
ii;iy i'l';!~1 N';:t Mf .3 ? ~q2~ i~~ '~i~ l\~ np~

;~~~ ~ ilQP.~ rimo ~Q ~~f.!1 ' .~"J1uq zi~ i111~ .,~~
'~:f~ ~ "'~ ~; .,~~ C'j~~iJ ii~~ .5 . i~~ ig~ .,~~
~!~ .1 ~~ 174 zinp \'Jr; n~ o~a .6 .c'~
~ rn~1 ..s .r;i~ ~ ~ "? .\'Jz;if ,~~ m~+1
n~ -09 i~~ Vi'~~ m., .9 U;JiO ~~ C'.'J t:l"~Q.?Q \'JN
N";:t .11 ~i? \"'\~ l\., ~ N\-,;:J rtt'~~ .10 ";'f? io'iO
n~ ilQY.~ N"w nt+~Q .12 ;~v.. ~ i1QP.~ ,~~ itf~;;i
~ 'i"~\) C"'1?"tri C"flit't:' D'1"Q?p.:t Cij .18 i't~tt i~
C"!'W.iJ ~ O"i;?if C::li1 D~.,q::J CJ"Q7:;;:i .1.4 ~w.;,
l) . . . .7 ....... - fora ,.._ plural la a.
~
,.,
.\ /
'
I
"
Digitized by Google
n~~ ~ rni9i? w.~ ,.~~ rii~ ~'?rn ., .1s

iil~i'! .i1 11vt
~ '~ N'1 iuQ rn?~ ~ .16
,N\, \.';l.~i ~p ~~y .lS fl{Q ;p_ ~Q ~~ nttJ 'm+J
m~ a6 c:i ~rt 'intr'~ N'J ~1~ ,~;:i ~ ~ ~Ql
C'~~ .19 ~~ rtin~ ~:":i1 '~~~ n~ N\, a, 'i> .N';:I
!ibi?:l lVQ C~r1 .20 t:l'~~ rtiJQ?~ C~ ;i9 D"~tl
.~ ~,~ ?~~ .n.iro rmrri n~t;t~ .21 ~ ~
1. This is the man that sent (to) me the Jetter.
2. This man sent (to) me a nice slate. 3. This is Uie wo-
man that sat yesterday in our garden. 4. This woman
sat under the tree. 5. These are the bad boys that broke
my chain. 6. These bad boys broke your table. 7. Those
lazy pupils don't know their lesson. 8. Thoae are the
diligent girls that are always sitting in the garden and
studying. 9. My brother is a very good man, but his
wife is bad. 10. These men are diligent, but the women
are Jazy. IL Our servant is a diligent girl 12. These boys
have a good teacher, but they are lazy and do not
study.
'i l/ "(
;
l.6.
FUTURE, i'l:'V,.
you (f. 1.) will watch, 'J9fZ) I will, shall walcla, "'lbtt(~
ne will watch, ib~
. you (m. 1.) will wakb, ~l;l
.
- 29 -
/ ' i'
' '
.nl,rtMi nJttt n'i:>y
------------~--
she will watch, (1 'ib~~
window, <3 (a.) (pL n'ili;rt> ~;!J to shut, close, ~

oo_py-book,(f. )(pl.rrii~~Q) n:,~~Q town, city, (2 (f.) (pto~ .,..V.
house, (pl C'r-1.::1)
T
l"\\'.!l
1-
warm, Cl?J etc. in'~ 1'=Jt:'~~ ;17~ 'J:I\~

cold, '1f.1. door, (f.) (pl rrtrVJ> n~
'ibr~ "t~ '~~ "~ n~v.. ~~il nNfiJ ~ .1
'~ , iRJ ;~ c'~Q .,~v .':lh?t:' '~ ' .':li~o 'ti~ Jl i!Ui~ z,~
' Cl';i'1p~ C~V..ii!1 'ii~t'L! I n~ n~~~- .3 .N\, ~: ~ .,~~
~ Tii':t ~?~ ~1Q .5 -iiV tltf4~ ~ti, ...,.i~O "J:l1ic NC, .4
li~~~ .,~ C'i1t\iJ '~ .6 ! ik9 N'il"I ii~ ~4 ,ilf!J n~~ti
C'~'l o~ii~ O'~i eJ~ liNfiJ il~i,1t1 '1'V.~ 7 C!:I C"~R ni0
'~ti 9 i-1Q'~i1 :i~ll :lt;fi'LI ~2:t~ i-11;\':W n~ -u,p~ 'J:lfi':t .s
imC, "2 'n'W n.~ =:Mt~ 'l':t~ /'fl'1~i7~.'t 'i'WI ~ ~~
,~ .11 ';,:ntJ? .,~~ p;oo n~ i;~ 'Q ,,,~~ p;:Ii'q .10
..~ .13
' 11r,ti~ ,n4n n~ l'?l)~ ~~lQ .12 ?Zf~ "~,~~~ ,:ii~u '.;~
,~ .15 t p;OLI n~ n~~Ll n~ il91'.'lq .14 .ik9 Mt.LI \{t:'~ ...,R
l~~ ,.~Q ~ l~P.P "1'."lf.J~ .l6 .n~!1 n~~~ co '~ 1'iJ9t' N?
l"\'\:!l'J rrin'f-1 ~ N\,iJ :'l~.:p'I: ~ii~ l"\~~~ .17 ~' N~~
~~rv .19 .ikq Oij D'~?ilR c111ry~ .,~~ nil'l'Ot1 .18
1) Tbe aecoad ~ Ill. 1. and the third penoa f. a. - always
alike. 2) N - of -trlea aad citle1 are femiAime. See 1 - IS llote. J) 8M
..._.8_..L
- 30 -
..... Digitized by Google

n~ll. "~J:\:t .m 'f.J ~ ~1 '~P'~ ~ ~1' n7.ti~J

MJ;I}? .:lf.l?~ "" '"" .it I 1~2' C,tj !l~
1. I will watch your (m. 1.) house. i. Will you (m.
s.) shut that window 9 3. No, I will not (shut), because
[it] is very warm in this room. 4. Will you (f. 1.) break
again the pens I 5. No, I will not break again. a. Ky
father will sell the house that he has in this city. 7. The
girl that is sitting now in my room will watch our ho-
use. 8. Why don't you shut the door, lazy girl I 9. Be-
cause [it] is very warm in your (m. p.) room. 10. That
bad pupil (/.) took your (f. p.) copy-book yesteday. 11. In
that big house (there) are many doors. Ii. Our aervant
(f.) will sell her beautiful lamp to my sister.
17.
FUTURE CONTINUED, i'J:IVT
you (f. p.) will watch, n.npyJI;' we will, shall watch, ibtp..l
they (f.) will watch, ,,t?r. you (m.p.) will watch, fitf~T;'l
they (f.) will watch,

c n.l"'lbe'n
T !I :
day, (pl. C'Q~ Cli' to meet, ~.le

T
to-day' Cli~tt to finish, ibJT

flower, (pl. C'nie) nie
T! -1:
to say, think, intend, ibNT
only, but, 1~ to-morrow, -iriq
1) Tlae ncotMI penoa f. p. and the third penoa f. p. an alwa,. alike
- 31 -
/
w,h at I how I ( 1 n~ ,n~ ,n~ when t 'Li'f
young, l"li"l~ 10"!'~ ,n-,;~ ,iYf
old (of age), li'iJY.~ ,C"~P.~ ,n4P.T; ,lP.,t
Write the future of rd.la"
T
iJcT and 'iclT
~ 'IY'f-l$ .,~~: ,:i~~lj l"I~. ~r.p~ ~~ ~'ill:' 'tV .1
",.,..,..
..,,._, rtJ "N ,inc ,inc,, .3 -:l~"",
1~"' TT TT 611' inc
TT
.2 1 -':-"
l.J":"fJL!: C""lttl ~
'nif1 ~ i~liC ~ \l~~~ 'ncz;i~ .4. .i'QI;' ~ -.piM

l~ ~- niv+ niisrt: '- ,,tf iQ~ N\"1'! "'it!l n~p1
\iJii 'i~ .6 ! l"l~it) nii!?~ ,'Z)'~ ~ C~'D nnz:~r.~ .5
0'?1 ~ "?~~ ~,~Y C~"v.iJ C"i!?+:t .7 ic~~ ,:i~;:t
,~6 .9 1~iQ0''1'Q~O ,o~l'~ ~ 'Ol~~:t 8 -~ ~~
,N~, ri?'f1 N'it"'llj 1~1 fU'~y .10 '31~4 N? -riV ,:li&:S \l;liC
it#?f-1 n~y .11 .i'111'.J-'t 'in~~ "1z. "'l'QQ ~ird N\., 1~?
N'i1 .lB I '7io~ 0?.1ii l~? n?~ it~ .12 ';~ rt~'~ ~ ~'fl'.\
~'ry .15 ~ ci-';:t 't.?~ o~~ i11t?~ n~ .14 .o~~ O'f'.11!P
ilQ .16 ~f ~iru 1~'~n ,itl~l! ~: 1'1- '1!l1- ,~ ~ n1?~
'* rl;.'f
o~~:;i ~1 c'?~-:n9 .11 t ;!~ .,~~ C'?:'J Ci':1 O'~;
I m ni"l~iJ C'tr~"l iv nil'"ll;l n~ .18 I Ci-:W:;J tr!'v.t1
1. We will watch her garden to-day because she
is going to her uncle. 2. When will you finish your les-
, son, [you] lazy girls ? 3. We will finish our lesson to-
morrow. 4. Will you break the window again, [you] bad
l> Delore K ll, Jt and , use 1'1~; before N 1'1, M and Jt UM 1'10.
' T T T T T ~
- 32 -
PIBST Y EAB IN HEBB~ W
girls ,f 5. No, (our) teacher, we will not brea~ again.

6. These old men will sell their beautiful house to my
father. 'l. To-morrow those young men will watch
the flowers (that are) in our garden. 8. What did your
(f. a.) aunt send (to) you to-day t 9. She sent me apples,
nuts and flowers. 10. What did my teacher (/.) say to
you (f. p.) yesterday~ 11. She said that you are a bad
(and) lazy girt 12. When did you (m. p.) meet our friend
in this city t 13. We met your (m. p.) friend yesterday.
14:. How nice this young girl is I 15. How lazy these
yoling girls are! 16. How diligent those old men are!
17. Who is that old woman that is sitting now in your
(f. 1.) room t 18. That old woman is my aunt; she al-
ways sends (to) me very nice flowers.
18.
Poeeeesive Adjectives Appended to Nouns in t1rn

Plural.
our uncles, ...

~"iii my uncl&:1, '1i'1
your (m. p.) uncles, C~"1i1 your (m. p.) uncles, ;?.51
your (f. p.) uncles, l~"':l.ii your (f. s.) uncles, T.;1'i1
their (m.) uncles, .. ..
en~,;, his uncles, 'l~i
T
'heir (f.) uncles, lv...,.ii her uncles, n"ii':f
Tr:
- 33
,..
oar aunts, ~J"li-ri"lf my aunts, 'O'Mi"='l
....
your (m. p.) aunts, C:>'J"liii"lf your (m. .) aunts, ":l'J"liii"='l
1 r:
your (I. p.) aunts, l~'r.'tiii~ your (I. i.) aunts, 'f.p'Mi"lf
their (5) aunts, Cit'l"\iiii
..... his aunts, , ..Miiii
T
their (f.) aunts, l\r.Oiii"lf her aunts, it'.n'Mii

TI'."
only, pJ to love, ~MN

T
sign of the objective, l"\N... ,J"IN .. parents, J"l'bN

T
,MQiN r'iniNt'=JZJiN,';t;'iN me, ,.J'JiN when, as, (1 ~~~
i~iN 1CQiN 1~~ ,C~fi~ ,,J~iN as soon as, ":I~ .,~~~

with, M~ well, .'.lr:;ro
M~l!t,~1~,;~withme,'G~ some, few, riii.p~ ,O"':t.P~
1~ ,c~~ i~l1~ 0~-11~ '~t:t

,'Qi'r;tlt ~ .9 titib~ Tpb~ 'ZJb~ ,rib~ .1
l~'lJii~ ,e;>'ntiY) ,~'pii~~ ,J"liiV.). .3 i1pi~~ ,i'Qi'r;t~
,;i;.,~~o 10 'Q .s ltJ'Oin~;t ,cr;r.nin~r ''ZJin~r ,nin~f .4
.,~~ ,ntiv.;p .6 t 1P it;'iN 'l}~~~ .,~~f- 'noi;i~ ;~ ~1i'.1 .,~~=
l'?iP-? ')1f ~w '."? ikrr z:iiN ribi1iN 1r.t ; 1ni:ii-n'!t ,'l!'~ ~?1;1
Cl\~P.!P C~i~\1 Cu 'Q .7 11 C,~ 1~~ 'J'J'\N Vlp~ }~~ ,,,~I;\
~-,iN '~AP .cri "!\"lf ~.~Y cv~;;t .s '"V:t ,~'?'~" c~~i:I
l) Tiie ,_twe teme muat be used after i~~ 11~ ~~ D~ "'I (,~
anti 1:1"9,~ ...-...,_twit)' 11 Implied..
- 34
Digitized by Google
.PIRBT YEAR IN HEBREW
:"i~f:'::t 01"v. ~t} Cl~ ,';lr 't'il< C;:t C~ ~~ iict? ~

-~~~ ~- ;~ c'~Q;>Q c':;it> c~r~ ur;tQ ~9 Mf,.ti1
~'~~ti rtt ~~ \l?~~ r~ io~~ 1~ ~~ .19 r Of)'?~~
uiJ ~Q1 tr~it> ;~t\ ,C"!Qtt: D'1"f.:17ti P'J t': ~? .11
i~t'~ ~Q .12 -.:l~"iJ C~"':'.'!:~ l"I~ i"QQ ~ C!:f ,-1k9
,~~'~ .1s ' m~ii;r;:J 'lJii"Q~lJ ,l"INfo m~pn ~ nb'(in
.~~ nb'f-., '3f~ i~~ ,tt'::i iTfn;m~~- -~ ,.-:i~ ~=TiN
?io~ .1& \lj c~ '~JI at; ii~ 'l'1Plt~ '"P.~ Tri-ii'!'f .14.
:i~ 'it'
n'U~P::t iJ;l"JJi"~tc "-i> ; ,,~~ ,wi Tl;liN 'r-i~~~
~QiN nt~ ~vP 'Q'ill ri~ '"R7
ri~P:n r~~tt 16 C~'PP.
1. My sisters are good pupils, but yours (your sis-
ters) (m. s.) are bad pupils. 2. His boys are lazy, and
also your (f. p.) boys are lazy. 3. Her parents don't love
her because she is very bad. 4. Your (f. 1.) young aunts
went yesterday with me to the garden. 6. Why don't
you (/. s.) take those little boys with you t 6. I don't
lov~ them because they are bad, therefore I don't take
them with me. 7. Your (m. p.) teacher (f.) does not love
you because you don't obey her. 8. Why don't you
(f. p.) watch my flowerst 9. As soon as we finish our
lessons, we will watch your (f. 1.) flowers. 10. When .
I have met your (m. 1.) friend to-day in the garden, he
told me (ea.id to me) that you took his watch and broke
it. 11. In our garden (there) are only a few trees, but
they are very nice. 12. These old men are our uncles;
- 36 -
Digitized by Google
they always take us with them to their big city, beca-
use we obey our teachers and (we) know our lt&lons
well. 11. Their (f.) bad girls took my lamp yesterday and
broke ft. ) 14:. In this big city (there) are only a. few
nice haees.
19.
IMPERATIVE, "'~
f (m. p.) 'i.rQ ,(m. s.) ibtf
sell: ~
. l (f. P) i!l1P9 ,(f. s.) "!1Q
til'ed, rner;-:,C"~".ll: ,n~",lt: trlt . to pour, spill, 1e~
agreea111e,1oTe1y, m-.c"m-R~~ i9~.~ to tear, fyT

r N) book, (~) ~
pray, please, t N~l$etc.'M~,~,'il~,.,.~
if, or, Ct;C ink' i"1
not~ (2 ~ti paper, 'i"J
T:
"!~ .! mr:J-'f ikp .,P- ~ fi~IJij ~ ,"fl&$ ,N4 ~ .1
"v.J .I ~i1 lr.qi~ 7~ .:l~Q "~~! 'f.lf?Q n~ ,~ ,N~

'.niN ~ TJtf? 'in'iN ~rtr:i ~~ i-1ivvt ~ ( ~t?T:\ ~ 3 t .:N!tt
~v.. "1'1 ~ ~' no~ ~ ,,,rj~ n~ ;? 'i~rt~ ti? "?

.4:
I) WMa the objective IT rtanda for a masculine noun . trau.late It by

ir\itt; wtiea for feminine noun traaslatc it by i=l~ht 2) The impentive ne .
satlve la formed by a future ten .. with ~~; as "i::l~T:I ~!' dont break.. 3) SH
leuo 18 -.le.
- 36 -
Digitized by Google
FIBST YEAB IN HEBBBW
~~ ~ ~ .O "~J?Q ~ Qlf".PT ~ I~~ ~t!:~.~

~ D~ "~ 1o/1~f1Q ~ "l;'1'=;"'-R. "~!\ ~ 11~ 'nt ~iJ ~
~~~ ~ n~~~o n.~1 .,~l:! ~ 11:jP),. n~ ;~ .6 .TW.P
~"iJ nv.;ti' N"iJ ; (1 ii~1;1~ i1f~ ~~ ~. 'f.11C1 .7 ,:CQiN
;:tpiN 'Uf;T~ D"~4iN 1~~ .c~9'i'J un~ ~ "1P!1 .tr .AW.tr
,uf~~ rt~ D"J:iP;'i? u;i~ Wl ;~ ur;i~ c"~?i-., ~~~ ,ik9
C'!~~ .8 'U'i:~~ '1~!\ D'i'VWil l'I~ W~ N";:11
! C"~~j:?
~,~l:' "~ 11-l'1 ~lt 'i1;J ~l;' ~~ D~"O'i"_'; ~flrOiP.1 ~
~Q i1~~l1 D~ l l'l~'it> . l'l'i.,Vi .9 l~~iJ "- 'i1'1 ~
,7\o~ '7 rTLtf '1~~ 1D'j~ij "-il 'i'J Nf i14~ ,it;n-:i ;~
n~1 "Qt! rtt i;~ "Q ,..~~ ~ n~"r\ .10 ,CfJ D"v.'.,B
~ ~ ~?J' iV~RiJ !Jz:l'iM!\ ; "~ l'IIQj" 1~ 11 t ii1~r;t~11
-~ m;:r "tl";, ~ "r:l~ ,N~ '-urr .1~ T.:J~ ~ ~ c~1
,;J?in~ rt:'!' .13 $"i!! i1~P.'.P ~':f ;~ i'iJ;llt ';~ n;;;tai
N";:I ii~~ "~ ,Pr~f.!.~ PtQ1:Q 'v_ ~~'i~ N';:l U t ~ .,~~
.ik~
1. Please close (m. 1.)your book and write a letter
to your old uncle. 2. Pour 1.) this in~ out because it
(f.
is very bad. 3. If you (m. p.) write a letter to your
friend, please write (to) him that the cup which he sent
(to) me is broken. 4. I will not sell (to) you (f. s.) my
watch because you took my beautiful cup and broke
it. 5. Good (and) 1) little girls, please wakh my
1) Two adjectives modlfyins a DOUD mu1t alwa.,. be -ected by tlw
eoafunctloa \ AND.
- 37 -
Digitized by Google
house to-day, because I (m.) am going now to my sisters.
6. Who has spilled ink on my paper 1 7. Your (f. 1.)
little sister did it (spilled ink on your paper). 8. Your
(f. s.) bad pupils have tom my books and my copy-books.
9. Lie (m. p.) on your beds and don't study your lessons
now, because you are tired. 10. If you (/. 1.) write a
letter to your uncle, please write (to) him that the books
which he sent (to) me are tom.
20.
J11tranliti"11 verb1, and transitive verbs, having N, ih
or -V for the 1econd radkal, or tJ and ~ for the lhird radi-
cal, . have a instead of in the future and the impe-
l"d.tive.
;~~~ ~~I:' ,.:l~tf'~ ;'~~tpl:l ,~~z:i ;~~~ Future.

n;~~~l:' ,,.::-rr~ ;;i;?.~rrz:i ,~~z:i
iV~tp ,,.:l!;' ;'~-?' ,~,'!/ Imperative.
to ask, to borrow, ~N~

T
;~~ ;"~~,, ;~rp~ ;"?~rrr;i ,;~~l:' ;?ttrrtt Future.

i\f::~tqr:i ,,,~r~ ;it~~~tttr;i ,,,~~r:t
iit:r~tp ,,;~~ ;'?~~ ,~~rr Imperative
.Ti?~
-1 T
;~~ ;~I;\ ,n;t, ;"~~I;\ ,n?tqz:i ;"1~~ Future.
- 38 -
Digitized by Google
i1~1j~fl'.I ''"7f: ;.-,~rt>~ ~l'.I

old (not new),(rii-,c\,nJ~')
TT;
JJ't to please, to be agreeable, C"J
il'TT /IT
till, until, (i~~)

iv_ to open, tine
-1 T
long ago, already, ~ to forget, ~r

then, tN present, rt.l~
T TT"
somethig, any thing, i'IO,NO new, rii- .c~ ,,~ '"'-n
Tl : "f" r! ,rg h
~tr'~ 'Tf.YO!P r:i;o ?ip.f 11~tt{1;1 c~ 1i~r;i.~1 \"~ .1

\.,io ?ip? i\Qt;' ~.ird '~t:$: 1n~i~iJ \riin~: .2 .n~~ n~ ;'?
c~ ?_;:11 D?iP-il VQ~~ n~i~? '7 \tt?~fl N? c~ ~ ...nb~i
n~; ~~q , 1? n~tt{~ nq' .3 itt,, '? CV-:1'. n~ '? ~~t:\
rtt' ,~;:)
T:
\.:l)

C'rtt.,n
r:
t:l''"l!lC
T:
\' N.lT 'mrtt
;
.4 j C\td-rn
1:
D~!lC
T:
Cit
N?1 ,.::lP'!.I 0~'1'V~ ~ 'ip? I C'';n"l~ij ].'Q?~ .S Ji~ "

u~~ .6 "rN? ,, 'Oll:lr;'i '~1 ,citt .,lt Cfi1~7 .,~~ l'I~ ~r;t~l:'
"l~jf~ .7 CQiN "~~~ N~ ,,~~ 'o~ '~ 'J'?~ n~ i'Qt' iQ7~
,"11tJ~ ~~ "l~R it~.f ~ N? c~ riQiN '~~z:i ;rpn~ 1" tdJ!tl;\
M~ ~LI n~ '.~ ,i:tQiN ?~tp~ N" .8 I n~tt{l;l ,~, 'i.:)!
i ::til~Q n~ ii~N .,~~ ;~in~: N'q .9 ~11J~ ~~~: ,.f:ll?~r
'r-J?~~ '"l~f 10 .;.qii ?~ 'irtiN ri~2ittt ilit~ J,'J,1Q r-1Q'iN ?~tp
ri~ ( 1 ;o2r:i .,,t:$: ivJriiN m'z, N? ,~ '? i'T;l?f NlliJl ~
u.r,~q -i'~~ ,c;.1., '.lQ~ cv~ cA o~~l'J: N? ~10 .11 Q(J'~
l) See Je..oa 11 aote
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ui,:t~ ~ 9g~ t1/~1J~ l~ t11ir; '.:i;i~~ .12 ,,~ '~
:PJ;>Q .1, ik9 C';~ l'lNfij i1~1Qf:tl i'lf# i~ti C'~:i .13
l'l~ n~ ~~ .16 -i~? 't tn7f ,'ti'~~ r:it:~F ,~~ ,l~v
~-.0 a:t '.f' ,jimrs ~ ttf.l'11' '~r~ .16 .ikp oi~tt ii"- '. Ti'llttiJ
~ll. ~z:i l't~ ll'':'JP' 'r~'VW ~ ~7P~ .,~~ ~6q .11 .miN '~
~ ~~ .,~~ 1ll. 't:l~~ ~V...:l~~~ N? .18 i f'.,~V '!iZ~ 1~
,tb ~ ! N';:t ~n i1~~t! 'iQ1'i1 '~ f;'~~Q ,19 'Jn.~~ ~ti
~ i~'O_,t np,~r ,7~ ni!l~ll:C~ .21 .n~~9 'l;'~~ ~6
~}? l~'"'.'i~V~ ~ i1f1p7r;i
1. If you (m. 1.) meet my friend to-day, you shall
send him to my aunt. 2. My aunt said that if I obey my
teachers and my parents, she will send (to) me a nice
present. 3. Have you (m. p.) any thing with you 4. No,
we have nothing (we don't have any thing) with us.
6. If I meet my sisters to-day, I will ask them why they
did not take you (f. 1.) with them, when they went
to our teacher (f.) 6. The old books which you (m. p.)
forgot in our house are already sent to you. 7. My
good aunt, if you send me new books, then [it] will
please me (to me) very [much]. 8. When will you (f. p.)
send (to) me the new books 1 9. If we don't forget, we
will send them to you to-morrow. 10. I will not write
the letter till I finish my lessons. 11. My mother will
sell my old lamp to that <;>Id man. 12. When you (m. p.)
meet your sister, please ask her if she forgot an old
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book in my room. 18. We will not open the window

because (it) is very cold to-day. 14. If you (m. p.) are
tired lie in your beds, and don't study your lessons now.
2L
COMPARISON.
The Comparatiu1 is expressed by a simple adjective and
the particle iQ or the prefix Q before the objeci com-
pared; as: TI'Q?tiQ .:lio "i'Q7lJ, my pupil is 'bdur than
your pupil.
The Supcrlanv1 is expressed by the article before
the adjective and the prefix o or .:l before the objects
compared, as: "J'Q~lJ~ .:l1~tt' or "TQ?lJQ .:l1~iJ, the 'best
of my pupils.
in, with, ~ from, than, (l ~ ,Q rlQ
in ,with me, '~ from me, than I, 'Jt;')O
.......
in, with you, (1.) ':1T
T.:ll (1.:\l) -:r:a
llT . : ''1~Q ;n~t.1 ,u~Q ~Q , i9Q
in, with him, 'i:a lt'~ 1Ct:I~ ~~Q ,C~Q
in, with her, ;:r:a
T
as, like, :p ,;of
in, among, with us, U.3 as, like the, 2) ~ ,~ ,~
IT
liJ~ ,CiJ~ ;l~i\ '~~ as I, like me, ".rio~

. 1 T
son, 1:a ;."'Tll'ic.::>T ,,mo.:;,

I T
;'!T'i~.:;, ,~~~
,.,_T 1-T
~~ ,iJ~ ~~f ,1~~ ;'~-11 1~0.p.oiJic~;1~10.p .o~1c?"J;i~f
1) Before ~. n, n, l7 and "\ use ~ 2> _See lesson 6 note 1.
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daughters, :ii.l.::lT
etc. ~,"l!"n'\.U
T t.,- :
,~ni.l3
-11 : :
Ni'i.:~
-
?tt~ l~ 2 ii-ilQ rnp "~-il '~ '"~fQ :iiio i?~ <1

"~ ;~~ ,"~Q ii+~~ .3 .ir\iN v:im rv~Q .,~ "~~o
n~:i ;:i9ti ~ 'l;i~P i1Qi-?~ n~~P;i'.l ':JD~ .4: ~Q ~
;~~ (1 ,"J!b~~ ni';i~.v-: H'~ w~i.:i~ .5 .;:i~iN n~-t~1 i11~t;'~"J1
f'.,P'! :iito "~tc: ?~~ "~~~ ?ii? o~t~ .6 ~"Qi.l-fQ n'bizo "lJ~
"l'J'\'1'.1~

.s 'n.:iTizo mtl ~- ,':JiOT~ nil'i.,Tn ':('.'ZJi'r:t~
T"-. I
c~n. .7 '31~Q
.
\l~~ .9 .ni?~.v..:ni?ii~a "lJi'~~ ?~~ ,'~ic~ niri.,Q ni.l~j?tl
P'.:l rtf.~ C~l'V.~ ; if.t~Q N'i'.1 it~ ?~tt: ,0~'1"l!~ ~,,i iV.~~
C'~'J C'~~ C'U Ci rd.~ u;:t'V.1' ,;,~ l'~ C'~a ?-t~: C"'(i.,~ C"~r
ti ,~~ c-,~n ;~~ ,c~i;t"~i ?ii~ 'f.}'~ td~iJ '~r'.l".~ .10
ni~.,Q ni.,VJ: rt+~ '.l~io? .11 C~f?";;~ ,~~ C":i;!..f7Lt~ C"fJ;
'Q .12 ~!~ n~i.pyJ n~i?QiJ N'i'J n~pj1 in~~~ ?.t~ ,~'J
~..:i:ic ,\l~.l~ et? .13 'lO?~cr ?v. i'lt! ntt ':I~~ ,c"!~ ,c~Q
1~f ''i# .,~~ ?~+1': V'i# .,!l.fit (David) 11~ ct;t ~ ,:ti~!J
.,prpi "? n2?f ri "l:'l~ii. u lQ?~a ;~ .:l~; 1~ .,~~f- ;~::J ~
ill'.,Q1 n1i10 n~~:~ "- i~~Q1 ;:i~ :ttl~ '~~ "~ ,n~ n4~
i~pi"~lt c~ N?q .15 .:ii;r;:t ...,,,vvt n~ i"qQ "~~= nilj.i" ~1 ';~
i ni;;~~ lDr'=' c; ':Jr'.'1i":t n.?~ti N? ~~~' ,':Jiof niri.,tJl ni.:lit>
.,~~ .11 "'? i''l n??fr:t l~?1 liJ~ nl'.,1::\!1 n1i~iJ "~~ ;~~ .16
I) Tbe llftflxea ~.: lJ,: :a' are written ~. ll .ll
.. before a 1h'~.
Digitized by Google
FIRST YEAU. IN HEBREW
~ .J"f ~ ~ '16 ~ .; ~~ -~ ~ C1'LJ "~~

D"i~P: (1 C"il?~~ n7.~f C"i~9 ;:ito N~ ~ ''199 CZJ1t3~ i~~
~itl~
1. Your (m. 1.) son is bigger than mine (my eon),
but my son is better than yours (your son). 2. Your (I. 3.)
bad daughter borrowed a copy-book from my daugther and
tore it. 3. His son is bigger than I, but I am more dili-
gent than he. 4:. Her daughter took of me a lovely cup
and broke it. 5. My daughters are not (as] lazy as your
(f. p.) sister, but they are [as] bad as she. 6. My teacher
(m.) has many pupils (m.), but I (m.) am the most dili-
gent of (in) them. 7. Are also his sons (as] big as you
(f. p.) t 8. No, they are smaller than we. 9. Who of you,
girls, has broken my lamp ? 10. Sarah (;n~), the wonit
TT
girl of (m.) us, has broken it. 11. My room is not [a.'il]
big as yours (your room), but my room is nicer (than hEi).
12. That new house is my father's, and (in) there are
many beautiful rooms. 13. Your (f. p.) uncle said that
he will not send (to) you his new books, because [such]
books (as these) are not good for (such] little girls as
you _[are].
22.
Infinitive iip9. Words with Plural Suffixes.
The infinitive has two forms, as: "'l!:li and ~;
- 4:-J -
01 9itized by Google "J....

~ and, Ii;W To this latter fonn the" lo is prefixed; as:
to eat, ;;,~
:::
h!:JN-?!)N
:: T
to sell, ~o?
:
,"\!:Jc-"'l!)o
: T
to say, ib~?. ,jb~-ib~ to lie, ~~f? ,~;;'{}-~~

to take, ntlP-~ 1llr;tP-qp7 to open, qhp? ,~-q~
to sit, live, ~~ 1 :i;tfP.:lttl; to ask, 5N~7 ,?~tf*-5N~
To some Particles only plural.suffixes are appended.

behind, after, ~tc ,ittlt to, ;~
behind, after me, "if'l~ to me, ~~
; ~tt ''7!~ ; ':J;'jr}l'j ,1?q~ ; if?.~. ,r'?~. ; :f.fJ! ,i'~~
; y'~ ;J~~~, c~~tt ,,;';:i_q~ 1~~,c~.!i ;1~'~~,~;l-f ,\lJ'.~~
liJ~~ on, upon, at, by, ?ll
j
before, in front of, '~~7 on, at, by me, I have, '?V

bt,foreme, in front of me,'~~7 ;~.l~~ ;q?-~, ''~VT;':J~VT'f.?.lt
;'U?~? ~'1',~~ ,''~~? ;1~~~? '1~~~ li:J'~V..:1 CQ"?Jt: ; i~;.lZ.: C;>~!l: .
1!)'~~; Ci:J'~~7 ;1~'~~~ C~'~-~7
wherefore, why, ii~~ to be angry, mad, ')lpT
because, ('~) 1~ because, for that, i~~ ??Z
from, (etc.1z;itt~ 'f'~p) l"lttP woods,forest, (1"\i'1f:',C"1f:) .,~:
ii~ll'-'1 ,~ Niii .2 i ,J~~-~~ W,i..,u lP.fP rv't;ty 'Q <t

~io~ ~~ jp~ \l1JiO .3 ~'l?i"I ~ N'!1 '"1J~ l\?,'.?.inu
~~~ N'2 \l~;)r 'J~;tt:'l C'~~~iJ C'1'VWiJ ~ io?~ '~
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'l'IN n?f' ~ 4 iN~ Cittt ,;~ N\, t}W id? ,oq'iK

-~ ,~ icN~ r,7.~ 'DiN ;r,r:f?~ "l')'irltt: .5 '~ nw.- ,'?~
j',~
'ffl fd'iTMT!}. ;:'l"iT~p
. .~ . f-iT flP--r'
., ir~.
. . ~11_ .,,.,
' . "T N1il ~p
.,.
i~tll M\.,,':t ~,f, J"\~~l 6 ''~T ,..,: ~~ tll1 '~ Q~1
;i~~ C~ C';yn' i1f7 .7 Ci:! ~i? ''~? ~ ~
i1yll .::!h;>7 u'?.vT \ lll.1~ .S ? <1 i1:;11?~1 ~~ tJ"~., ~1~
:i~,~~ \l?.VT \l?NP ti~ iCt-1 i~~~ Ql? ,C"~ C";:lf9Q
O'E;lr\p nQ ~lt .9 '-miTi':'f ;~ Ci-'LI C'~'f'i;r, U'UC~ '~ ,J")~il
. I . ' I . r
OWt-:C""1,'Q7JJ '~ c1::r?.ll.: rn,~~

i~~: ;lt .10 I C'i9LJ "2J7., ~"~1
04 1~ '~ i'QQ tli'.)'~ll: "i~iN i115t>!J ~ N'/Q ;~~ .11 CJ:l
n~~ j~ ~ ; tl!/'},l.1W li~ Cir.Ji" Ct~ "~1 ,'i'Jipf1 ~'i?V
(Jacob) .::ipll:~ '1'~ ! .::ii~LJ ,~,~ .12 ''~V,. p1 C"~~ cr:i
,~~ '~ ~ b n.?~l'.l lot; o~ "~ ,,7.,oN'- ;~~ "z:!iN rfl't/
C?{"\M~ ~ ~ C"~q'iN C~ 13 1Nt? 'f1~VT tlIR~ ,~Q Qlw,~
~J"?F~ .14 ? n+?~J c~~~ i1QiN ct.i'?P-7 N? iit~ ,.,~P:tJ
M~f~ tn'rt r~vtf o?v,. '~ ,mTr:r~ "i:.,~~ ':ltt ,~~ ~ ~~
,-im;r,
I ~'T f" CtV ti.::irtti~n
Mrl
- T :r: - ;r.tt1Ni1
"f
N'ii 'C .16 N'i1 ;i'1in "~ l'"
T .It( T
;i~~'iVy ~ll~i11 1N'i) '1~tt ,;:i'i~!i ~v.1. 1}~ .16 t N"iJ ~tt
T :- ~Jn'ir!N
ifn1li1 ,.. -: N"i1 i1".l>?
T f."T:
~Why don't you (m. s.) go with me to my un-
cle f 2. Because I have to stay home (in the house) now
Tbe uoac:ceotc:d M is added to a noun to indicate motloa or direc.tioa
T
to a plaee.
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n J i ~ Mi n J fJJ .n ' i :> 11
and (to) watch the flowers and the apples. S. My aunt
sent me to tell you (to say to you) that she is angry
with (on) you because you tore her copy-book. 4:. Who
is the girl that is going behind us, is that your (111. p.)
big sister t 6. Yes, that is our sister, and the old man
that is guing m front of us is our uncle. 6. Who sent
you to me, htde girl t 7. I am sent to you (/. 1.) by
(MC) 1our fnend David <i,~), to take from you the new
book which he forgot in your house. 8. Why don't you
(m. p.) go wit.h us to the woods to-day t 9. Because we
have to write many letters to-day, and when we finish
our letters we have to study our old lessons. 10. My
sister sent me to tell (say to) you (m. 1.) that if you
do not send (to) her the books to-morrow, she will be
angry with {on) you. 11. My little brother is sick, and
our mother said that he has to lie in (his) bed to-day,
therefore I did not take him with me to the garden.
12. The big ~y that is going behind us is my brother
Jacob <jp~
23.
FU'l'URll AJiD DIPBRATIVE OF THE VERBS M"S> AD J7'e.

The Terb ?ll,e generally consists of three letters call-
ed raditaJ,. These radicals are designated by one of the
letters of C,~; thus, the first radical is designaW bf e;
the second by p; and the third by ;.
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PIRBT YEAR IN HEBREW
The verbs M"!) and j;"l are such as ha"Ye n or y for

the fir!Jt radioal.
to stand, ib~ ,ic~-ic1
we wiD, shall stand, iblZt- I will, shall Aanc1, ib~.tt
you (a p.) will stand, ,,9!l.1J you (m. 1.) wi11 stand, -ibll:l:"
you (f. p.) will stand, :inpllp you (f. 1.) will stand, ~lltl
they (.) will stand, ,,?~ he will stand, ib~-
they (f.) will stand, :inp~p she will stand, "'tbpp

f (m. p.) ,,,Qll (. s.) '~
stand! ~
L (t. P> illlPJ? u. > '11?!
to think, intend, ,:Jt;ri,
:-
,.:ltfJn-.:ltdn
-: T
; :l~J . .
. a~1) ,:iftlr:i~ ; "~V/r:it' . ; .:i~
. . ,:Jftlr:iti .. tuiue.
. ;i~~'J"l '~~~ ; rq~~,, \:rt?r;iri
.
Mfr~Q ,,.::l~M ; ".::l~i:t ,.lftl.Q impM&&iTe.
; ~ ;~,~~ii~ 1i~V.
.~Jt ,09~ q~~l? ,o~~J! to punish, ~J~
alone, i~? ahild, ~ ~) -t.

I alone, '1~? child (f.), m;,
T:-
etc. ~~~ , ~':1;? ; 'f:!'7 ~11~? dear, (Ji"- ,tr'-.mn") ..,~"'

irr. TT
I am yet, still, ~f.]iV ,'TiV wit.h, CV,

~tc. ~P .u;.pp ;tyiY ,;;nv with me, t~:V> "tf)J1
- 47
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; ;
~- ~ ,~,,~ ~ "~?~,, ~~ ;'f;l~-r,~~ ;'~~-~ .
V:J""t\ ;ctr;l~ ;i~"~t\ ~"~ ; ~r.f
'Tr:- T._. ; ~N
i"TniC ,'f'MK "lj~-
.~nN
1,.:-
: 'MN
--
'T":lN.
l\l _
1..Jt~sD..:"1.l~;i~~,C~"lj~~~ ;~p~1"M:tf;:r1'~ I~~~"~

~ 'i> ,~tJ? i1;i7 nt.o ~u ~ :iT~lJ N~ ;!C .1
'!J~~~ 'f.;l,.~ n~ VJP:~ ~ c~ ct.~ "l'liifi;tQ' ~ ntt

;~ .3 .,Nrf 'iniN "~~ .:lrylN "~ , T.':1!Jt ii='? V'\iN :i~ t6
~j ~ 'j~~l;' Ot:t ". 1i'tl0,.~!l?- ,lit~ij 'v_ ~'?!lD
,\l,:Mt ~ ;p~ ~pt~ "lJ~ 4 . T~~ '!JOi~ tz>.:i~ I '~T j~~
~VU'?~ ;1~ ,'no1?~ i-tz+iN :i~ ~tt{q Ct! .5 91',:P. ".rii~
!~ "t:t .6 -C"!Q~ C"Q~ -ril7 iie ~~~ C.~ J;;>~ ,.~n
c~llQ ~ r11-tr .,~~= ;ll. (Rachel> 'in 't:'lin~ ntt ,;tv.
m~? ~ :iTV~_tt; "~. 1': 'z::!!~t$ NC,ij: .7 C"-liifltQ n~1
i-tQiN N"t ":Jz;rlN rz>~.. J~i1 '~i't ~~~
~ i1~: 'i?.~~
r"Ti1J~ i'TfqVT ~f.'Q~~ C~ "~ 'ii1~? ;.t~iN "J:'f.!!? t6 .8
"l;'~ '~ .9 "!'?Q ~ 'U1~Q M-P.Z. 'v.'J. ;~ '~2Q .,~~~
~ l~ ,'imt nn~r/z::i I "::C9- ~ ni1~~ c~ '~ "Oi"~tt 11~~
~ ~ ~p.i;,~ W':ffi~ i1~lt1: '7v,. J\'10~ ~i Jf;\Pp~
l~~ ,"':!i!r n~ i~pp nu;iip Mftl ntrn .10 upiN Wi.pz:i
~ tr;q'ite ~~ ~pi"'lt!l ;:rpt.! Cl ; i:t\."iN ~11K -~t~
n~ '~T iVl1iP:t;i ;~ .11 Ci:r,l~Q ~ Ci nr:rip"" '~
z:nN 7'~ 't'~ '4) '~ 1~?~7 ~~~ "t'?~ .,~~ "11..nt.:l'ilo
- .s -
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FIRST YEAR IN HEBU.EW
1}~ .I:S '~ C"f.'ltt ,it:\ 'f? ~~ .1~ r'lt'~-l''l ~ ilp'?~

~ .14 &a."1 ,_,~ ,?;c~ ~~V. ~iJ .,~.tf i~i;t~1'! n~ ~ ~
C'~ ~ "~ ~~ .1s ' m~..n 'Wll c~ 1lP,j; ~ ~ w.
'~}D \lfiP'Sl ;;ri'=t Ci Tly N; ~1Q ~16 .ri~~ ~~ ~~
'"~ ;41 ~~LI WV. n~1Q 'ir.o~ "-i> ~ .17
1. When will you (m. 1.) leave our city I 2. I

intended to leave it to-day, but my dear aunt (she) is
still si~ therefore I have to stay here a few days more.
3. Don't (f. ) stand on my bed, because if. you break
it, our father will punish you. 4. Why do you (f. 1.) leave
us'alone, and you.don't go with us to the woods t 5. Because
the child (m.) (he) is still sick, therefore I to stay home (in
the house) to watch him. 6. Our dear mother is going
with us to-day to the village. 7. This little boy is always
breaking my pens, therefore I don't love him; even his
brothers do not love him, because he breaks their pens
also. 8. Why did you (f. 1.) leave that child (.) alone
in your room! 9. Not I but our brother left him there
alone, and he tore my books. 10. Our aunt does not go
with us to the garden, because her mother went with
her to the old woman that lives in the village. 11. Be-
cause you (. p.) went with your friends to the woods
and you did not finish your lessons, your father will
punish you. 12. Her brother is as big as I, but I am bet
ter and more diligent than he [is). 13. Because you (f.
p.) tore my copy-book, your father Will punish you.
- 49 -
24.
The 'denoting possession is not used in Hebrew.
When two nouns are closely connected, the first
is S&ld to oo in the C<Jnstruct Stat1 (nio~~p), and the se-
cond in the Po1111siv1 t.:a11, as: ~ji":t i~ the garden of my
uncle, or my uncle's garden.
The noun in the construct state drops the article,
and remains either unchanged or undergoes a change in
its vowel, as:
Cliii!lN 1"13, The daughter of Abraham, Abraham's
TT:,.. -
daughter.
~:i~ . n::i, The house of my father, my father's house
'T
The feminine singular

.
termination i1 T is changed
into n- when in construction, as: mii,
T
nm.
-
The masculine plural termmation o~. is changed

into ~ when in the construct state, as: C~":t, ~i':l .
Nouns which undergo a change in their vowels

are given in the following table.
Constr. Absolute. Constr. Absolute. 1)
1) A ao-a which is not connected with a followlns DOao la uld i:o be

la dao A880LUTE STATE.
- 50 - -
PIBBT YEAB IN HEBBEW
Oonstr. Absolute. uonstr. AbeolutG.
~~ c~ HJ ~
"l/.fj C~.t.
r. ~ -rm
~12 c~~ mt... m~
mi~ nii~~ ~Q ~c
T
~ l'lilMC
T- nin~ l'linN
T
rnn'?i r\'U"\'T:
r-t M~t! ~
r.tip, ninM'
T: ~ IM,i~
~tt Mi'JJt! ~~ c,,-iJ

~ l'li.llT ~~ D'l"\!)C
"T:
red, <n~ .C'- ,n~itt>

T ~-:
ciNT to plnck up, i'i
green, (M~ ,O'- ,ilp~i'~ pii~ to help, aid, "ifi
wise, smart, (ni tD' ,il~~t\) c~~ story, tale, i'9Q
~'n .i ''ff.I~ i-ni~ n~v_:rqi,t:i i~n rrr~y m, 'IQ .1

.~., ~Q'! ~i~ ttr~ "~ ,iniN Cl'~qi~ \Jg~~ ; j~p.p ,,~ ii".}iC
C"r:net\ ~ ;~~: C'~1 C'~. IV~. iip~ ;\Jp'!)'=t l~ M~~ 71P .3

.t:l ~~ C"~T.. c~T~ Ct1. ,c"~'J C'l"J'!Q 'tt. ~ 'J~'
I ,il l'~
~~ v.;t .,p, N\i ; 'v.1...,,~: ~,, 'l~~ ':J7.i.~ .,~,lii .4
~ ; 'in'iM ~jiN ~tt! l~~ ''1-'V~ ~ Yt,15" 'lf~ ,~;; 'f;tt
1~in~ J~Qf .6 .iziiM C'~qiM c;-~ W~i-r;t~ "1~ ''"Q~
,c. p; Cf~ tl~JQi'J C'itt ~.?~ ; (1 O"~f' c~ ~ C"1'BQ ~
1) Wlaea the conJuuctlon i stands before ~ tbe 'I drupe Ge Sh'n aad
the i reeet.ea
- 51 -
/
!
Digitized by Google ' . -....1111111
C'~~ ~ iiV 'iBllr-l ci:c I 't'I~ .6 C,~~.q c;,~ o~Ji
C?~ et~ \l'~ c~'?.V..: :}~~ h'io~ C!Jli'Jl: i~~~ }J--W.
~o:r ~.! ~J c~ '~ ,l~'J 'IT"!~ ri~ '.llP,J? 'JlJJ~ ~ .7
CQiN r71'i?- iQ.iN N\ii: ,f'\a~l lL;Jj' l\J~~~ CA tlQiN ,-,P:
i'9Q ~ C"~?iiT Cv; CD "Zn Mfij M9~QiJ ii~y ';.f .8
rri'~ .9 \l?'~ ~ C~:9i'J C'~~' '.l~i~: Cf1C~V' ll ~~
~ ~Q .10 l~Q }rt lii~il;l ~~~: 1J~io~ ti'io~Q l~ '"}iO
ti~~ n J>;. ,0'1:11~t~ n.~ N'~= C'P,i'i~;"J 0-11,etwi ri~ ri~~N
'r~ .1~ CN?~y~ C~i~ C'j?ii~;:t c-ryiB?JiJ '~ l~,~ .11
rnn~ ~ iw ~rv.n cN .13 i t-t'q ,c'p,ii~i1Q c,~it0 0~1.~q
.,~~ ~1 .14 1lJ'iN td-'1'..~ ,;:;i"?.)liW lit< io?? 'n~
Cti c~q 1~'.f1 ''7. ~4?'V '.l.~: .15 .ik~ CiJ C'~ i\~.p
l~ it~ .16 lf CD 0'~~~ l~~1 ,'4\i~ iV1~ it~ ,~ ,'?
'~ ,'f.pi"~ ni.:ij?~ ~r)m~ riin~f?i .11 . c~~ l~' ~t;t
iv~ mml'\.,~
1. My uncle's garden is not as big as your (m. s.)
garden, but it is nicer than yours (your garden). 2. Your
(f. 1.) aunt's house is bigger than ours (our house), but
the rooms in (of) our house are nicer than those (the
rooms of) in her house. 3. This woman's daughters are
more diligent and wiser than his sisters. 4. The. young
man that is standing behind us is our teacher's son.
5. Who of you, boys, has plucked up the flowers of
our garden t 6. Not we hut your friend's brother did it
- 52 --
Digitized by Google
FIUST YEAR IN HEBREW
(plucked them up). 7. Don't (f. p.) help your brother (to)
study his lessons, because he is a lazy boy. 8. That little
girl is always eating the green apples because they are.
big, but she does not know that the red apples are bet
ter than the green [ones]. 9. The doors of your (f. 1.)
house are old and broken. 10. My mother's aunt is very
wise; I love her because she always helps me [to] stu-
dy my lessons; also my brothers and my sisters love
her. lL Why is your (f. 1.) brother's servant (f.) lying
in her bed t ua. Because she is sick.
25.
PRESENT AND PAST OF THE VERBS N"? 1)
to find, (Ntc?>
:
NlC
T
.niNiC ,c~~~c ;n~~Q ,Nrie Present,

we found, UNlO l found, ~nNiC
ITT ~T
you (. p.) found, OJ:!Nl9 you (m. s.) found, ~~~

you (f. p.) found, l{)N~~ you (f. 1.) found, .n&t~~
they (m. & f.) found, 'N~~ he, she found, i1ffl ,Nl~
to go out, N~ to read, (-~ ,~) ~
basket, ?g to call, <zitt ,-7 "te> &t\1

1
to carry, lift up, Nt'l

t> See l e - 23.
- 53 -
whither, l~? ,;i4~ school, ~ l"\"-11
every, all, whole, (1 ;f
"~ ,~~ "~~ N'1
n~~~ c'i-"iJ ;~ "r:it,~ ?ioi;itJ .1
,':Jtl~TQ.i1 ~it'
1
TITiV U)i,~ .2 . ik~ i1.~T"

i~p 'i~Q!;l

..~.,T~T
I r-r
~ <2 .,~;:, r"~ ;~ ~?Q .,t.P
ni.,VJtl ?~ N;q ,~tt: iQ~)
'{.1;07 ' .ikq "'~ n~~= ;~~ .,P.;tt "li,~ ,;V~= "~r~ .3
c~ ; .'.lP"v ~~ tti~~ nJl?.i" K"tt ; nti~} n9._11 i117~ ~
~~1Q .5 .-2~ iniN n1N N"il ,?ioi;i~ 1iN~P,. .,~~ ,~~~Qtt n~
1 .,~~Lt l"\~~7 ci~tt ct:tt2q ,~~~ ,"ltl ,"7 CA Cl:J~i? ttt,
~~~q "~ ,,~ ~p~ n~~~ti :p;iin~ ?t~ 'll ttij:?'? u;i~~ .6
U~~' r~iJ l"\"~Q Ci-"i1 ,;N,t .,~~~ 7 i,'.P":i ?~ i'fl~ Ott
c~ l~ .s .~-~~ ;ry'itt n?.rq~ "~ ''t' .,~~1 'iif.l "'!~ ri~
C~iN C"~trU \lQJ~ .9 WC"~i~rt it! 1C"~~iJ ~ 0"~~
"~ ,c.t~~ tin "~~."~ ,N~ .10 j 'J,~V. ':f?5n ,.,~~ c}q ; m_):~ n
u~p c?ri .11 .c"~~~iJ C"i'VWO ?~ l'lt~ ci~tt ..:..07? ?
i.'.l N1P:7 "'lb?~ ':Jtt .,~~;l' ,,JP"~Ti ~~~~ irp~ 'n~P ~
~ ip;p. "~ii~ ,;r:i~ ~tt .12 i~?~ iniK n?~~ ,,.,~ .,,eQiJ r~
;~ M~~ i-IQ'iK nQP:1 n~1i-, .13 M~ Ni~? "J:liN i1Q?~ 'JP1iO
N~l "'~ "~'P~~ 15 9 "ltl ,il?'P?~~ ~ft!'\.l l"tl;l~ i1~ .14 M~"J<
J) ~:!) followed by an indefinite alnsular noun traaalate lt by EVERY;
when LY a der1nite alaaular noun by WHOLE; when followed by deflnlle
plural noaa by ALL. 2) In compound nouns the article Is prefixed to the MeOtld
noun ODIF.
- 54: -
Digitized by Google
PIRST YEAR IN HEBREW
.~~'lino~
-. }.!' i.r: - ':1"1~
-,,...."! M... nri' ~ft"b nl'!'I.,
T.IC. T'!.. ~JN
'T(T'
.16. .n\-.?MC'
T : -
~ .,-:
ri-~ ~ tt? 17 t i{)f?i1 l"l';lC ~~ ~ C"1'Q7~:i ?.;> ""rt

-1"iM i~~ N\., '~ .,-i':t l'i"~ ?~ C~ '# ,l"!l;'~ Tzi., "~ ~:!
,C'~'J C"iitt rt}~ ~Qy '.l~"~~ .18 'i"~ ri~ '"lb~ 'i";J;I
it~~?!:> O~ ?~ N~, l~~ ,l"l~Q rd~ ~"Q
.19 i11t1tf" '"i'
ri~J ?~~ .20 CiJ"t'i~~? C':;l~tl c-.lttl ~~ N'i ;~t\ .vt~7
,,.,~ i1.? 1-t$ ntrr 'm.f:J
1. I found your (m. p.) basket, which you left
yesterday in my room. 2. Did you (m. 1.) read the nice
story in my new book 1 3. I read the whole hook, but
I did not find [any] nic~ story in it. 4. Why didn't
you (f. p.) call me when you went out from (the) school
5. We thought to call you (f. 1.) but your servant said
(to us) that you went [away] with your father.
Whither did you go with him 1 6. I went with him
to my aunt that lives in the new house. 7. In this bea-
utiful bag I (f.) always carry my books and my copy-
books. 8. Every father is good to his children. 9. Did
your (m. a.) sister find her basket 1 10. No, she did not
find it. 11. When my little brother went out from (the)
school to-day, he found a good watch. 12. To-day we
carried our books in a basket, because all our bags are
torn. 13. Where are all the pens and pencils, my daar
mother 14. Your (I. ) little sister has broken them
when you went out of the room.
- 55 -
Digitized by Google
26.
FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS N"'

we will find, NlOJ I will find, NlO~
T : T: :
you (m. p.) will find, 'N~?l:1 you (m. $.) will find, N"Wr;l
you (f. p.) will find, n4N~9r;i you (f. s.) will find,. ,~~tfr)
they (m.) will find, 'N~9~ he will find, NlO,
T:
they (f. ) will find, i1JNlO.n she will find, NlO.n

T 1:: T!
. f (m. p.) 'N~Q ,(m. s.) Nl'f

fmdl~
l (f. p.) n4~~tf ,(f. s.) ,~~~
village, it~ to sin, (-',) NOl1
T! T
one, (f.) rinN ,(m.) inN etc. Nton.n ,NfOM~ Future.

-- T'." T':;: T':::
two,(f.)(,t-),)C~ptt{,(m.)(,~.V{)C~~V{ to desire, want, Tb!;!

lest , 1~ . 11~- ,c,- ,nl~li ,rA'.lQ Present
where, ( n!l-~ etc.n~Qr~Qetc.,r:i~fiQPast
,",Q ~~~ i~tt: "J'.i''

~ N~?~ C~ ,j~~'J "v.J .1
"151 ov. ~n "~~ c~,il "~ ,oi~o N'l iQ "~~ 'iriiN ~~
"~ ,ri~~~ rtQll c~~ ~ZJi,r;t~ "IJ~ ,,ab~ CIA ; n1~~0 "t1m1
"~ ~~ p1 'Ii~. ~:] .,,V.Q ~~-l .2 .,,v.;,; ri~ ?ioz;i.~ '=iiv
ri~ ~? o~~t\ ,t1b~ .s .riiiv;:~ ,Q~ C"i~.f? ~~< 2 ,~
l) Mostly u1ed with verbs. 2) In comp0und nouns .the plural temdaatioa
la added to the first noun only.
- 56 -
l!'IBST YEAB IN HEBREW
"1]~11~7' 'ti~? i~ 1'1'~ i~~~ l'~ '~ ,i~~'J ri~ :l$ 1'q)"~
; "'? ti~Rt6! ~~1 ~~i;J ~.; ,'v.:i. ,; ~~.p i1('.'lt .4 .o..~P:i:J
'~t:t .5 1Q'IN in{.~. ~? N~P:z:t i~tc~~ tj~~ "' -~ ~;;J?
iN9' ,N\, ,,.~~= n~; '~ ,nt.o i'9QQ ~ N~ -~P. t iWP
~~ ~~ Ci,Lt '~ ,Ci1L1 N"1 iQ~ iri'\N ~P:~ .6 t D!l~;
i;+~~ CQiN ilil;L 1'~? N~ntj Z,~ ,..~~ .7 D'~'l D'+Q.?Q
N~RJ;l i~~~ ';f1iN ,,~~: ,~ 'NtttJ.~ tot':i CiJ Ci_ f2$1 ,;':?.'"!J?;
nq'2irv N'i:J ; N~;:i "1:11, "17!)~ Cf ri1~i:;p nt~.P .s ~'7
riri~ ,n;i~p~ riic'b 'l:J~ n.p?r ':iic1;'~ ; nw~ n~ "l'QQ '?
' ~? (1 ~rfl;l~ 41Qt:t? i11rt~ C'i-iJ1 ; '~ 1'1tlt$1 M~~f?iJ ,l)'in~~
'7ipf l!p.itti ,~l~ .:l~"v ~'l'W rite ~i' ~~~ '~ llZ,~ ilf?~ TiVf
n~ ibn i1~ -=r~~ ri~ ..,\t'rl '~ ,~~ 9 "'lie' 'JJ~
~c-~~tf 2t? v.3;'~ .10 1p1iN tziJ!l~1 'f.150 1~f~ ti~P:~ l~ ,,"":J''ft.i
oyiN tr,~ ti"tPO .11 ' ..~p.Q CJ:j?~tf' i~~ c~!~9iJ ~ ~
np~ ,Q '-~~~ tot? c~1 U?'.'J\Jf C1iiN t'1~~ N':i '~~: ~tt
nj2~ ,~, l~ '~ 1 i'11~i1 ~ZJO~;; ~? i11tf~ illilZ. ':i~~ ; CQiN
~iP:7 r~Q ~"m: ,c~~~ C"i'9~ CtJ1 NJ9 ill; ,CJ~tt ~
? :i~v/T r~1tti' ec-;:i ii!l'~ ' iP,.11 ';\i~ .;~ n~~ .19 DQiN
NiB7 ;~ ye~ti c~ .14 ...,~f~ i!tQ"ti'=I l"\"~~ ~~' N"i:t .1s
"IJi"r~ .15 ~ 'iriiN n'2~tc 1tzi{!;lv ~~f ..,~~: D"i'9QO ~
i~~tl ri~ "l:' n4N~P:Z1 ,1~"1~ ri~ :i;~~9r;i c~ t l"\i.:li~:i
.;~ ..,~~:~
1) Contracted from the relative pronoun .,rhc
:-:

- 57 -
Digitized by Google
{
1. If I find your (m. .) basket, I will send it to

you, but not to your aunt. 2. There are only two rooms
in our new house: one for my parents and one for me
and my big brother. 3. My friend's father has many
books, and he wants to sell them. 4. Where d~ this
old man live now t 5. He lives now with his son in the
village. 6. My good friend, if you find your big brother
home, please send bin to me. 7. With what did I sin
against you (m. p.) that you did not help me (to) study
my lessons I 8. Because you did not call us, when you
went with your uncle to the forest. 9. My dear brothers,
will you read this beautiful story with me 1 10. Yes, we
will read ii with you (f. .) as soon as we finish our
lessons. 11. Yesterday my uncle wanted to take me to
the village, but my mother said that I have to stay home
(in the house) a few days more, because I am still sick.
12. If you (m. p.) find my book, please send it to my
aunt becauee she wants to read it. 13. Our good
aunt sent us two lamps, one for my big sister and one
for me.
27.
PRESDT, PASSIVE PARTICIPLE AND PAST OF THE VERBS 11"~.
The infinitive construct of the Verbs i1"~ ends in

ni, as: ii.li',i ni.lP;
In the past, the ;i is c4anged into ' , except in
the third person singular masculine where the n is retain-
- 58 -
01 9itized by <Soog le
FI BST Y EAB IN HEBBE W
ed.; the third pers. sing. fem. where the n is changed

into I'\, and the third pers. pl where the it is dropped.
In the passive participle the n is changed into "
to buy, l"'liJP:7 rl"'liJP:-:iJpT
.l"\'L-ip ,C"~? ;;i~p .i1.t'\i' PreAent.

bought, ni~ ,C")JP; ;,i.;'Ji? , ~i'T Passive part.
she bought, i1Qti'T I bought, '1'";Wi.

we ,...,.
bought, \rJl"I you (na. .) bought, l"'l"~~
T f-'l'"T
you (. p.) bought, cr::r~P: you (f. ) bought, l"'l";j:';_

you (I. p.) bought, ll'J"~K he bought, ii.lw
T,.-T
they bought, \lR.

poor, poor D)an, "~VT fo do, make, (n~ iift
rich, rich man, i"~ to see, ~7l n~
another, rnir.i~,C"!r.t~J"\~r}~im~ to be, (n'\"rj?) ii-y
we all, all of us, ~~ to answer, Cni.lti> iiJ~
you all, all of you, (f.) l~?t (m.) ~?t
they all, all of them, (f.) 1~1 ,(m.) c~~
Q~!J :il>"!t 1';Jt;!'iN "l')N,~ Ni,! 1J'?".;.f 'lie~~ "r,;1;' .1

l"'l~ niNj'? "r-)~P-Q \~ r'U"l":il i,~ 1\1 ~1.1. Ci). '~2Q .2 1t~
N;4 ,c;-v ;f ',;o~~ i?fP,O T?~ n,4 n9 .3 C"~!:ID '"';!~9
.c..~~ 'i;"li~ ;q~ 1n ';o;oz;i~ ~?;;i ~~ l"'l"~ ~Q?t:l ;~
ci~tt ;f :i~rn ,n'?in ~ N'n .4 N'n ca ':f2Q N? Ja~Q~
- 69
Digitized by Google
i'1 l ' ft' N ., . i'1 l tt' n" '"1:l1-'
t ~,.r.t ~ ;~in~ n~ n9 .5 . ,.,"ro~ N; ~ ~.P
Cilljj it C\J'iC-f M~tn N'; 'if~ ,ci:i~~ er i'1ro ~tl 6
u~~ ~ .s . 'C":lit:llJ '1'Q~lJ bic~~ ne CQ~iJ: c~??=i .7
n~Nn
T T
.9 .rl71n
".'
;wi
TT
'~,ii!>

M'h
TT
*' l?!)~rt
Tl"",-
;i~"" "" ,;;!) \r"n
t"'~ T" JT
;c"~l ~~q c~~1 ,c"~"J c"~# t+:. ~ ;iktr ~.m:c~ ~ro

,c~~. i~p ii~~ Uj~ C"-T!P j;~ 1\."1~ .ti"~~ C~t?i? O;t~
i~~ iif,P i"t"fiJ9i:t Zi~ lt:'"~10 .10 Ji'lm,, fltl1i' ,C".riif(~
'J'r.1 'i*' 11 ' '";l'V.1 n~~Q ..,~~~ n+"~g "l)l.i~ '7 nt't~
iii~~ ~tr? f!i~ti t:~ 12 ':JG"~il u~;;i .,,~~ c;.n z:tO'IN
ni~~ 'r~Q "~~ "~ "'? N4 i~~ ,..,0~ tt>"~? 'in'iN -U,9i, ?tt
ri~,(:lb "~~ .14 ~ n~R:'P "~~ ,np?t n~v ~ np .1a ~'IN
'r;'i~ ~~: I C"~it:llJ "ln .15 i~~-i n~~i;:t 'l')~"!l ?~ :l~Q
n~~Jn .16 . "l)iN Ct)"~ll: N~ i'iV c~.~: ,C'~iQ -~~ c~
; i11~l1 ~~ iQ~ '~ ,;i~~1 1077 ?io~~ nl~~ *' n~tQR::J
~1~ ,rn~ nii9i? Mii'~?ttiJ ?~ '~ ~ n~., N?4,,
,N";:t ~ "~ n~~v,. "1P:~iJ "t r.ii"~?t'i:t ~.tt> n~v :i:r~
C'"J"Q?ti ~~ C~Qv '~io? .17 MO;~fiJ i=tpiN n?~ ~1001
.Jit:li:t mi l~P'.P "Tl~ ~ ,c"~.,r;t c~~ c~itl c~t . ,c"~'J
i:, MW N\i1 ,ik9 il"liN :liJi~ 'J?jO ;'~Q?ti ?~~ f'.,Qv1
Ci9Q '~ :lti" .,u;~tl1 ,c.,~~;'! C"~; C"1'9ti1 c~ i"QP
"~~r;J "r:r+i.J~ ~ ~' nin~ .ts .c91 N'J.~P1 ,.,1tJf
up.
iP.!JJ ~'.;l .19 l"ljp~ ~Jtf ~ :'iQtP,. Ci9::J1 ,;:t~N ~;'}
00 -
FIRST YEAB IN HEBBEW
1. I was in the city yesterday, and I bought twu

nice books for you (m. s.) 2. Did you (m. s.) see my
new watch which my rich uncle sent (to) met 8. No, I
did not see it. 4. I wrote (to) you a letter but you (f. s.}
did not answer me. 6. What did your (m. p.) brother do
at (in) my aunt':; house yesterday 1 6. He wanted to see
her new books. 7. Are you (f.) all here, my pupils? 8. Not
all of us are here; Rachel was not here yet. 9. Our
servant (f.) broke my lamp y0sterday and my parents
bought another one (lamp) for me; did you (m. p.) see
it 1 Yes, we saw it when we were in your (m. s.) house.
11. This old man is very poor; he bas many daughters
and all of them are wise and diligent. 12. What are
you {f. s.) doing now 1 13. I am studying my old
lessons. 14. We have been in your (m. p.) house to-
day but we did not find you; where were you then ~
13. I went with my sister to our rich aunt that lives
in the village. 14. These little girls did not know
their lessons yesterday, then the teacher (f.) said to
them: "You see that all the pupils know their lessons
well; why don't you know your lessons to day ~" The
girls answered that their father took them to another
city and they stayed there the whole day, therefore
they did not study their lessons.
- 61 -
Digitized by Google
28.
FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS ;r',.
we shall, will buy, il~P:; I shall, will buy, ~.t?~

you (na. p.) will buy, \JRlJ you (m. 1.) will buy, M).P,f:'
you (f. p.) will buy, il~~P:t'I you (f. 1.) will buy, ';P:;:
they C.) will buy, \Jj:?; be will buy, n~~~
they (f.) will buy, ,il4?P:z:! she will buy, n~i?J'.'.
r (m. p.) \JP, ,(m. s.) i1).P,

buy 1 l (f. p.) n~;~P: ,(f. s.) -~
milk :l~Q to weep, ~;i?> ;t~
wine l:':I to build ,(nil?~> ii.l~
morning, il'.:~
,
.-... to drink, (~) nh~
noon, C'ii1l word, thing, ,i.:l':i
.,TT:T TT
evening 1.:l~f. about, concerning, ~1 ?'2

bread ,en?
...,...
?tt ip. n~~f :l~P.~ Ci9lf i'1~;;tt\ .,,~~ I ipJl "l'J~ .1
iniN 'r;.?~'r '1~ .2 ~lP,!1 i~Q.iJ i~1 ?v._ iniN ?k~? ~~f;'l
i~ ';(? n~P:~ '-i> '7 .,Q~' i'l$tl '1~1t1 (about), niik C,iz
N'i'.1 : n~~f:iJ , 11~1 '7 n~tt'~ n9 tt4 '~ t '~~ .3 .,n~
'~ i? Z'9~~ ~ ''i7Q1 ii~ .,~~ '~ ~ ~ "T:i~
nr:Q..::i
T T
N';:t'l. ,.-,,,D ~in
Tr
?v.- . i'!tniN
T
'nttlm
:J T
~
T
.~ .~n
1'1-'(~ -
- 62 -
Digitized by Google
'~~ n~ lP.'.P. it''~;;t .5 i1.!,f .,~1 "TiV ~::1 ~ '-' 1~1

'~~ 'ini~ n~ ,~~~ iP.t~ ci~u~ ; n~,~t? i'J N1 an,.,
.:i~ r..~ n~~ Ci! c~ \l~ ;~lf!: i'J n~li'T ,~ZJ"~ ').~~ -rQ'iv
1~1 ,ikt;> N\., j~~ ?1tt: ,MNfij i~# 'Jii~ n;f ~ .6 'ff
~.;} ft1Q n~r- '11 n~-t~ ~;~1 .'irl'iN ~97 \lr~tt= c~~
~~ ,c;y~~ c~o c~1io c~~ iQ~ .,~~ C"!~1il ~ "1:f! .1
N~ i'T~ I ip;p \l'?~ .8 -O~iN '"~~Z) j~ ~"1~ C,Jt CQiN
C'")~Qt'J ~ 'b N1P;'( \l~~~: .nil~tJ "~ '~LJ ~0 ~ u,1
.ni.:iit:ll rnmQ rn-:v;: ,'lJ'iJ~ ,;i~~~i?':\ c~ .9 . C"i9ry~Jl c'~,D
,'l')~ .10 C'~1. Cl'!~ l~~ n~R~ l~'lJ1iO '1ip~ ru'=P~J:'\1
j'" If i ":rio~
.,- niz:\-7 I' T l"'ll?::lp T":-: nEl'
T-: mu,i, .'T
N; '~ 'l"
0
~ .:iC,n
r n.1! TT ,'P.'l'l'I
,.
';tt: ~ ,'l;1iN \:pl.O C,lt? i'T~.0 i11tJ 'ltl ,; N~ ~: .11

.n~ '~9 :l~f.~ 1?iOJi~ .12 ."? 'NlP:r:t ~~ ~~ 'i~
,"nfi3 z;i~ n~~, -n~i.:i' "'11~~ m;? .ti;,~" i14?Qi!?"J 'l'.'Yl~
'f:ilp~ "~ iu~n'b "~~'' : nlB~: no-t-VT N"l".11 -~ 'r:a?p~ -
~ '~ 'lJiM~ ,-.~~':\ ?~,, : ~ "f:il1Q~ ~ . '~ ~
,C~1f:I .,t1tt ,lt .,P.?1 lQ .13 ".n~p ~':1 ;v_ lQi~ tti~~
Ci'.j'f:l~~ C1~~' Clij .:iw~' ,i~1~::l l"\"~~ Cl"!'Q?~1 ';of C'~tpi'
C'if'l.j) Cl""\i~iJ .(iQ~?-> l"\~:~iJ Ci"? 0-:j"'.'\'~ ~ D""t.?i'1
CQ~N ;~irtl :T:1~iJ .,~~~ l"\i.lP~ it~ C"V,T\" OJ'~ C~
"TOll.z;l ;~ 1ip; TJ.. 14 CQiN rv;.i171 c;::i"?.ll.:t}T.ip an.-n: ,.,.1
\~ 1Q"{..PT ibt?- n;'to~ f1,f1~~~ ii~Q '4> 1"1.11Ji1 "'lf'1' ~'] "I
- 63 -
Digitized by Google
c~ ~~v.~ ~~- ciJ~u c~no C'r;1#u .15 ~~ ~:f? c~
.011.l~n
T:-
c-~,o
'T-
1, To-morrow I will be in the village where (.,~~p

my tich aunt lives (in It), and I will buy nice flowers for
you (m. p.). 2. 'Vbat will you (m. 1.) do in my house
to-morrow morning ! 3. I want to find there the book
which I have left in your (f. 1.) room at noon. 4. My
daughter, if you cry again, your father will punish you.
5. My uncle hdS a big house but it is very old, there-
fore he wants to sell it and he will build a new one
(house) for him. 6. My mother said that my little
sister should not drink [any] wine, but she did not
listen to her, and now she is sick. 7. My dear friends,
if you will do this thing for me, I will send (to) you
a nice present. 8. lf you (f. s.) see your uncle in the
villagr, please send him to me. 9. That old man was Ul
our house this (to-day) morning and ate bread with us,
and he also drank wine and milk. 10. We will be in
the village to-morrow (at) noon, and we will see the
new house which our aunt has built for her. 11. At noon
when we went out from school, we met your aunts
and they told us that in the evening they will be at
your house. 12. See, my brother, what the child (f.)
has done I 13. Our dear mother, please buy this beal4-
tiful book for us. 14. Be good and diligent boys, then
I will buy many nice presents for you. 15. See, girls,
- 64: -
PIBST YEAB IN HBBBEW
what your little brother has done : he took the ink aad
poured it on your books.
29.
NUMERAL ADJECTIVES: CARDINAL.

In numeral adjectives from tm1 to Un, the 0 ter-
T
mination denotes 1'UJ#Ulinl (exactly opposed to the termi

nation of other adjectives).
Numeral adjectives, except the numeral ou,,,_,ti.
their nouns.
FBK. MAsc.
Const. Absol. Const. Absot
one, nt!~ riJJ~ .,112! .,MN
T ,
two, '?JV/ C'r-1,.,;

-r'!" ~~
three rrh~ rv'"f ri't!h'!J
: I :
four, V~1~ v~itt n~~l~ nvf1~

five, rv~q ?don ri'l/p[.1 n,.~l?
T ... i1
tV'I/ n~'f. i1~'
six, ?V'I/
v~~ li!l~fP
v~~
~~'
seven,
n~c~
eight, . .
:"11.iCfP 1\1i0~ n~~
nine, ~r;i ~}l n~f;'I it~M
11.r"'!
ten, ,~~ ,,R. njru: m~:
week, (m.) Ji'ili~tV pl., ,~m how many t ~
T I '
- 65 -
.n.l,~tt., n.lru n'i:lv
~ ~~~ .t t 'v.:'. ,~Q!j ';"J~f ~: CJ'9Q iirf~ .1

,'in'itt th'ft< fBt'!:l o~ ; ik9 ~;i n~ ;~~. ,~~ !'9Q Pi
'~ ~ ~o~ N; iiv 'i> .ci'!!.., ~? 11.P ;;.?.~ iniN n~~~
i'tOT~Ttl.'1

~. 1f'l)N mT1Q?tJ

j'i ~~. \l'J~~
I
n,~~ .3 .,~Oil
i"V ':f? ~:i. 4 'iNq r.tljiN Cq;lQiN ~~~ ,C~Q?l)J '1f
C'&:itt ..~ ,,, "? ~~ ,~,rii~ 'i~ .5 ~ l~R. ..,~~ ,ni'Q~) cn~
C".""JTT1'1!~
.. .6 .en, 'l'.'in~ 'J'~~~
I . 1"~. 175na
. i""':~,
m"' ca ;l"i'MTt! 'ti~

~"ViT D"'JE)Or i't~T "~!TOT /i~llP.1J n\~ 'l'JNTTr .,'-~~
' I I
t Cv "Q? ,~ ,Ct)~ C'lrP't\ ; ,~~~ n~~ ?::l'P7~f ni'1#i;tQ
n~o~ ~.,'tu -~v~ td'~~ .s .c'v.;ti' '31~~~ ,.:li~:t 'lP,.'J.~6 .1
N'~ 11Q~ $i~'J 'ir~ ; niJ~ V~1~1 C')~ l'1li~1~ (1 c-~~
i'4~ n~~1lt ':J~ ; 'in.~ n;v nii'v.tt rv'='~ ,i'~V+'J ""Jii n'~-?
C'1'tt7o n~q ru~. \:?-~!;) n'~f .9 .c;:J n~r::i~ .,,v.~ c1~
;i~~f?i'J "tJ1 ;~lf ,c"~i?::l c~1 c~io c~~ ; nii'~?r:i rv~~1
1Q'p'b~ CJ! 1i!1QiN 'J~~~ C'.;lqiN l~.-7 'CV~ n~i~iJl ii'.,Qv N'~
n~ , . QQ ~ ClJ c;ip1 ,i!1QiN C'~ti;iN Y'pi~~"'I: Q'P~
~ ;; ik9 .,,rQv,. N'i!Lt i,;,~ n~~~ ,:,~~iJ td'~y .10 .n'J!>;
1) D'~ means alao CHILDREN, and includes both mucull.ne and feml
nine, bis and amall; It ls med In this sense only when the relation to their
...
oveata la mentioned. D''": CHILDREN includes masculine and feminine but
amall oal7, ud is abo med in a 1eneral sense when no relation to their
pacenta la referred to, u;
or) .,,r.,. Dl'1

0 :-
ll~:i
s-
nht1lm
- T;-1
D'r\llli"I
T:-
Dl'1

,,ii '.lll
;
? il~l'1
:1y
D,,,.,
y:-
~~
;
.nih
T
'.ll1 en
.. :
a~m
1-1
,"'1t) ('>J
a
- 66
Digitized by Google
FIRST YEAU I.N HEBREW
i1~~ ,~p: ~P:~ ,r;i~ n~t:: .11 .nin~~ ritl ~p-:n~

:iv-t' e'~ 'Djr~4 ~tc: ri~~ ~ii~: l~..l i 'll).:l~~ ~ cp;
1~V{ ~~ .,~.p ';~~' ,c~~ n~i.,:~ ~- i:_JiJ n~p .1a -c~~;
c' .14 t 11;#~ ~~ riirl'?i' niJ'i~lJ n~; ; nin?J ~~ nu;;,,
~"!f?il7 )1~15 !;ii~ 1l~ &-e? c~q ,nil"ln n~~ rrL'i?r:i "~'
i1~;:t P1 101/ 't:i1ii? 0~~1 ,nii~ vrm C~'D "1~ll.: nQit
nJ?ttIJlnii~): .,~.. n~ re~. ~-~Q ri~:r .1s N'tl 'fl. ~1.~.Y
ni~pitd JD ,c..,~fiJ~ ip~ nil'\rl? n'bitl rn~+:r :C""!l1.;l
,,~P t6 .11 ..:i~v lv"'J'~-' ritt n~V1i~ zr:tis0 'nyil ip~
'IJ~ ~~Q ~~1!111: i1~1 N1;:1 n7ii~J r)in!i ,v.J
1. My good mother bought 2 nice watches this mor-
ning; one for me and one for my big sister. 2. Our dear
aunt &mt us two lovely cups; one for our mother and
one for our father. 3. That old woman has S sons and
3 daughtem, and all of them are learning in our
school; the youngest (girl) is the wisest of all the pu-
pils in (of) our school. 4. Yesterday evening I found
4: books and 4: copy-books in a beautiful bag. 5. There
are 2 rooms in our new house, and in each room
there are 6 chaim and 5 beds; how many chaim and
beds are there I 6. There are 10 chaim and 10 beds.
7. How many weeks did your (f. p.) aunts stay with
you in this city t 8. They stayed with us 6 weeks.
9. :My uncle has 6 daughters and one son. 10. That
man bought 7 horses and 7 cows yesterday. 11. 8 men
- 67 -
Digitized by Google
and 8 women are sitting in our house now, and all
of them are my father's friends. Ila. There are 9 boys
and 9 girls in our school; all of us went to the woods
yesterday and plucked up many red flowers.
30.
FUTUR" AND IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS ""!).
The"'!> verbs, which are regular in the Past, drop

the ~ in Future and the Imperative.
to sit, stay, ro~/,
: ;T
,ro~-.:ltt"
:r: T
1
FUTURE.
we will sit, ~W'- l will sit, ~

you (m. p.) will sit, ~~{) you (m. s.) will sit, .:l~i'J
you (f. p.) will sit, iift~r:l you (f. s.) will sit, "~~;:i.
they (m.) will sit, ~tf'~ he will sit, .:iW.~
they (f.) will sit, n~1~f:i she will sit, .:lf!tlJ
IMPERATIVE.
f (m. p.) "at!/ ,(m. s.) .:iw

sit I l (f. p.) n~;i~ ,(f. s.) ~;l~
shadow, (etc. ,~"$) ?;f to go out, (~ ,Nq) ~;

out of doors, outside, f'M <nrn ,nY.J)
to know,
. .-
~'
,~IT
together, '':tM"
T:-
, iTT'
-r to go ,<ri?.,'tf ,n;}?> 'f/;
before, C.,!O.:l to go, get down, <ni-,; .rii-,)TI'
:r: :fT .,: T
- 68 -
Digitized by Google
J!'IR~'r YEAR I.N HEBREW
how long f 'i'O .,,,

- T 'JI
\'?ZJi:t: : c~ "'fti?J,~tz~n c?~1 io~ Tl..~ ~~: .1

~ 'io~~ ;r~ '1r/.t3~
t
,C'!;i~:J 7-J. 'i.. .2 1\.7.:\
I ,\l~V
,- _ ~
i1nNT
'f)f'O NJtl .,R~-1 '"IQ~ .3 ~~v. 'lJ?.~ ,'lJi'Ti'!f ;~ ~Lt

i1i~7lt :ltVf:\ Cii '~t)'b~ '1't 'tt tt'J nttrt '1"v.y i~
c~ ~!1?1} ~~tt \lpi,i'!f ;~ Ci" Ci' '1~ t'J. '~ ,ni~~
c~-vQ ~11 ~n \l~~ c"~~ "~ ,:l~,Tt.4 ,!l .,R1'' i~
1C:j1~~ itfrL:t '~lt:I C,ttJ ,'l;\ 11'\;~~ tt4 '~if* .4: C":lf?~ Nii?'?i
,~!i~ n~ nQ T;tt:I N? c~ 'f' ,:l~;rt T.;l'llW n~ 1> 'Vi~
"il;: .6 ':JljiN fdJV:tr} ~T tilP:t:I ~~ ni;to:) ':Jlj'iN ;~~;:
~ti ' ric
~f c~+"J ' ~.Q 9 1r~Qf ~~I;\ '~T "t' 1
n'~ '~ t': i~~tpQ ii. ~itd ';1iv n~1 ~iJ n"~~ ~?Yl
~70 ''r:l ,:t,r;tO C~'l ti7)'!J i~ ;~ Ci';"J ~r.. 'IJtt .6 ~!;
C'~1 C"!'iJ~. c~meJJ C~J C"~~ c-r:i+ 'Nl9J:\ Cii cf~ ,,,rr-
,~ i11t?~ ~~ ':Jlt 1il~"J C~!l ~7~ ik9 'J~~ c~~q 7
't19 "ill .s .\l'?'~ ri~ 'ior~ c1iBf iil'"tt NX4 ae" ~
,,9?1 n~~.f1 ~~ 'C!'99 ~Rl'.1J C~Q ?t~ ':l~lJ ,c"?~ll:
C'j~ ,,~~ NiR~ C'~tJiN c'?~: C'!ll.(: P1 "~ .c~...,~W! ~~
n4tt~t;l ~ li? 'l:'!P~ N?q t 'tiiJf 9 ;077 N;1 tr;i;
Cit. l~~tp '1iPf ll;J~Q~ t6 it'~1 'l;'iN ,;~rpr;i Cl~~~ itf,iMLl
: l~~ n~ riN1 i~~ .ci~Q ;f c~ lV1~'1 n~lf'P. l~"r.tiiii
1) See lenon 18 aote.
- 69 -
01 9itized by <) le
Gooo _ ,Jiiii.
''I"~ ~.. nT.:v.:Jtl
1 "1~~
. . iv_ Uto1:.~
. i1TJN';fl;I
,. ?m. . . . . ;~. i1T~I;
l;,j'tlj .
i~i:Vy \~~ tli'~~ '~'}i?1 ,'r-,~ .N; '~~ .lo ~~tu 1~"'1~VW
. ~~
i!Y> T- ci'~ ~"~
I ~, ic~- ?~1 .cr.i;. 1T ?~~~
1 'tlM w:l'~
I '~;i'?

ON ~:;, c.-6
: T
"icm
; ' :
'':J'
;
t '.nn~ttJ
T ;
,c.n~toc
T T
c~?n
' T:-
,,,, '.r.o
:" T
.11
cQ? .'Z:."?P~ ..,~?

.ua .c~iN ttJ~~:. .n~~~ CQ';~ cz;iN Nlt?~
c~::rn ~ 'l"1'1!tj l"141'="t,I:' c~ 13 ,~~P1 'Vq~ N~ )~~ ,.lit.J~
. iN~ l~'?iz: n~~~RJ:i ,l~'iN .niNl? lttr2!J N'1 n'V?
1. If you are a good and diligent boy, I will go
with ycu to our aunt in the village, and there you will
see many nice and pleasant things. 2. How long, [you]
lazy boy, will you sleep in the shadow of the trees t go into
the house and study your lessons. 3. When, my daughter,
will you get down from your bed t get down and go to
(the) school. 4. My aunt said that she will leave the city
this afternoon; will you go (m. p.) together with her t 5. No,
we will not go with her before we ask i) our parents.
6. If your brother knows that you (f. p.) were in his room,
h~ will punish you; go out, therefore, from this room.
7. How long will your (m . .s.) sisters stay in the willaget
8 They will stay there 5 weeks. 9. Because you (m. p.)
d(d not obey me, go, therefore into your room and
don't go out of doors before you ask me. 10. If my
brotbers know that you (m. p.) were in their city and
you did not see them, they will be very angry with
I> See leeeoa 18 note.
- 70 -
Digitized by Google
you. 11. Get down from your bed, [you] lazy boyai
and go to school. 12. My dear aunts, please stay with
us a few days more, then I will go together with you.
31.
FUTURE OF THE VERBS "''0 CONTINUED
Some ...,~ verbs do not drop the "' in the Future, as:-
to fear, be afraid, Ni'? ,Ni"
..,. .
.niNJ~ ,c~J~ ;il~J~ .N~ Present.
"'ntei"
1W ~
~"'
-: ' r"T ;ilNI"
T :T
1NI" Mi"
""T ' .,. T r.,. ,.,.1 Past.
1liNi' ;"nNi
.. . .
AN}! ; JONJ~
.1lli.t'"l'lt-l ;
, l Ni"' Ni"r-t
T "f t T
,Ni''
T
; 'Ni"M
:
1Ni'M
T
; Ni'N
T
Future
-mt-nr-t
Tf:"
,'\N.,'l'I
:
; i'C"""'"r-t
T....,....
;i1f?i~'irl '''-?~ ;'~"l ;';~~ to sleep, tfd"? ,ttv;

-ilJ?:i,n
T:1-
,,;':J,: .. ni- 1C'* 1i't.t~ 11~ ~1
to get, become sick, mi;i etc. "~~'J:I 'l~"r;t ; l;i'~ .,..1'~
etc. '?r;:O ,~~~ ;il~!A~ .,..t'~ to be, get weary, v~'? 1~l'
IT
to drive, lead, .lhJT ni- ,c- ,;i~~ '~-~ -n~i
bear (C'*~i) ~f:r "l!t"fl V)'f\ ; V.nc .,..1=1
' .... etc.
man, CiN
TT
to can, be able, ',~
T
water, tl"C .n;;~ .. ,c..;~. ,m':J' .;~...rnn

.- : ; T: T
face, tl"~e
'T nt,!>h~"P!l?~"r-l'~"'r-tr..~,.
T:T T":': TT~T' fjT . .'t
""..,"'
to fear, ..~.~Q Ni~ ''!'~; l~?~ 1C{:'?~~ =\l?7;
black, dark, i'intll
T ,c,~,. ;"?1~ '~~ ;'~ .,..J:\~
- 71
Digitized by Google
white, Mi- ,C"- ,:i.:i;J?
TT!
l~;
"TT
~ ~ N\., ~,_; l~~ ,Mic~ "~f ntu ir.u -or

r,pi~ '' N'q , ..~,,~ ,..~ ,"~ i1 .2 io~ iMiN ro.:ivp 1'
~~. 11".N V,) .3 iii~ "lJ1.i' ~ ~Lt M'~? ~?;;t I 'W
tWrl ll~r_
, iWtt 1J'JV/ zitt
. ..,,_ ll"i 1_'7\T, '"l')'-ri_; :l':\ll..'ll
,tf'I \l\0 :ff
I Clt'?!!'Q ~ ~O' ~'It ;~ ~~~iJ C~l?~ r;ir;i?J t6q .4:

iJ~ ~ UN,:'~ t6 .6 l}'Vti !l~~tl ~~ Clj~ D"~~ Cl-$v
1"tN'1 Di'!:I tl7.l 'f,~~ .6 'F
*1P;~ Ji1~ ~;c "~ ,\~??~ t6
~~ .8 .ikQ 'I~~.. n?.in
. "V.:. 'l~ .7 Ji"tMTT ;i?.in;:i
."!~~
T,. ~
'/.; "'IQf l~.7 ,C'~'J C"i_iMtt{ C"V/.iti rt}~ D~ ~i "\'V,~ "~~;;t
~ . ~ ,,..~ "~7'l;l ;~ ,ymil iinr t:'~ "~il;l .,,~~,, :~,
l.U "l:\~ ~~ .9 ''D~~y C,#Q ~r..i1 C"~~tW tlij C~
'~'" "' ..~ ,~ ~~ "'' ~ ,ikzr '"~9 "t:iNJ;. . !l, ,,Mt
'~~ .10 iMiN ~-,ill1 ~~V zitt N\., N~ ". ,~ "'? Mi~
'~ ~ l~ ,~~y tl~~il lQ n~tt{~ ;~: !l~'1 nQ~ t .,~
N'q .o~ 'x~ =ir.1!1 ,?~ ,"nq iv_ .11 .ikq ca cin
1" ~t' D'i"11 ~ .19 1D"~1. D'~9 Ci'iJ ~J ~V
C'~~ C'~~ .18 .,N??'~ ~~:l:l"V'T "~ ,.,tf9 C~ '~ C"~9iJ
~~ D"i.in~ D'i1 rl:'. .14 "111 'it~ aeC, c~ C! ,,,Q~ C"V,~;)
"~~;I! .13 .iin'iJ !l1!fiJ~ V11 ?i"t~ l~1ti !liO ; C'~~? C\~{
.,~~?! ~~ N-i;tl "~ ,'f.1:'1r:J~ ~;l? MNTtt nJ'(il n~ "~
.'l')iN \"\lP\ ,iQ. 1"J:\~ N~ ~~ .15 iiQ~ rtJ'l.t l"~. "~ it~
- 72 -
Digitized by Google
:FIRST YEAB IN HEBREW
I~ .18 'lt'7 ~ ~ ;~ 't}T!C '4> ,'PJ,'JV} "\! it:J'fl

D'~ ~ c~ 'tc!~ ~ 'iJ ,,~ n'fri;J oi-P ov \'?ti '~
tn'rl . ~,'tf '~~ "' ! n.;j '~ .17 .ik~ ~,~
~~ .1s ~.i:J~ y~ l'J '~~.,iatq oo '~ ,m~=fl
~ ,~u ,!l~ ;;p z,~f ,fi~ '~t' ~~ =i~y.~
'i!/? i;~Y FfPT ,~~ ~~~, ,c, ~ rrr/J . ~ '~Q
'- ,iQ~ MPT m-n: in'iM 'r-J~r~ "' ~ ~ ~'9' up~~
'tA
r.r T. ,lJ"\'INT. ,~,.,.;..
ikQ N:l"" T ! nnnT~. n'iei nup,~
. 'in1N ~
I~~
,~~NT
~ ''"''~
t rs-r. "'~C,n
.1- T ,,..,~1
TT nN.,. "l"l~CJ#
1- iW,N~
-: 'l'.,N
,.T
1n'iae fd~'
=-
"'TNQ 0''.W. in'bN-: '~ "'l"I~
-: T
i~' niinN
:.-,. . . - ' T -:
niO~
1. I did not help you (m. 1.) (to) study your les
sons, because I feared our teacher might know {lest
our teacher will know) it (nNf), and he will
punish me. 2. How long will you {m. p.) sleep, [you]
lazy boy, get down from your bed and go to (the}
school. 3. That child has spilled the ink out on the
table, therefore he is afraid to go out of his room,.
lest his mother might (will) punish him. 4. I (f.)
cann't write the letters now, because I am tired , and
weary. 6. Yesterday my little brother saw a man lead-
ing a black bear. He feared the bear and wept, but
the man who led him said: "Don't fear him, because
he will not do (to) you any <'+i) harm Ciizy." 6. Don't
(m. p.)drink that water, lest you (will) get sick, be-
cause it is very had. 7. My daughters, when you see
- 73 -
---
dark (black) men, don't fellr them, because they are
not worse than any other man (CiNn ':;,~). 8. My
TTT T 0
friends, when .we get weary we will sit in the shade of

the trees. 9. The white flowers are nicer and dearer
than the red [ones]. 10. My sister is still sleeping;
she will not go with you to the forest to-day because
she is sick.
32.
FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS NE).
The verbs N") are regular in the Past and in
the ~nt; the letters l"M'N which denote the gender
and person in the Future have a ; and the N quies-
ces in all persons except in the first person sing.
where it is omitted.
to eat, C,!)NC, .~!)N-,!)N
:;. :; T
; C,~M.1 ;C,~n ,;~, ; '71ttn ,C,;>ttn ; C,~k Future.

.;TJ;~Nn
T:j -
"'~N'
:
; mC,~t-tn
T:f-
,,;.:JNn
;
nt?i!)~ '''1~ ;\~r~ ,;.:,~ Imperative.

Like C,~N are conjugated 'ioN and .::ii-rN All other
T T T
verbs of N"9 are conjugated like n"e and 11''9 Verbs.I)

to gather, qc~~ ,qc~
; ~~~ ; t\C~:Q tie.~~ ; '!;>9~JJ ,qC~f:l ; ~c~:~ Future.
i'l~~9~r:) .~q~; it~~~~:Q , ~t.
1) . . . ' - 23.
- 74 -
Digitized by Google
FI UST Y EAU. I.N HEBUE W
-n;~~ .~9t.t ;'~9~ .~.~ Imperative.
fruit, (i1~ ''tl~ ,'~l~) '1~ meal, n~~

peace, welfare, ci?~ breakfast, iRT'' nr)'\'i~
are you welUhow do you do,;? ci~,q dinner, C~Y:liJ J"IJJ'~
I am well, "?, ci?rtiT ., .
supper, :r:i:t!;J
. .
l'l1:1'~
idle, ,ni- ,c"- ,n?io~

T;
,?io!
.. T
friend, (f.) l'\'Y}
ri~ ni"flc?JJ.11 D'j"Q7ZJi1 C'~iN .,Rt'J nm~ .,tilt .1

.,'1f cu c1ic n~ .~n n"~~ c".;'?ii"T! c.:r~'P7~~ ~
~i~iJ1. ";qi~:] ~).ii~ (1 l? ci?f,, : i? D"'1t(~ ,c~ D"~liC
N? ,c"p,ii~ c,:i~ ~~O c"r:Ael)J .2 <1 "c~? ci?~,, :cw~~
-:f?.i,i "~~ .s -~n~ l~ coitt ?~Nn N~ n~~ C1J ,~iN ;~~
,u~Q ~i;tP,Z .,~tt: i.,E?Q .,.;l t,2 'l)iN 7~'~ c~ ip. ~ ~?Z
,;~ nt} "l;iN,1~ N? iiV \~ Ii? ~.# ;~~ 4 ' ;; "'1Qk ~
~1Q .G iJJ~ .,~ '' n~P:~ ,,:)~y.q iu 'iniN NJ9~ N? c~
ic?~ $.N?4 ,~':1 nfriv 1.r~ ,"r,,'ll ,n'fza; r;i~ rq,'f'i"
J:1~.'LI ci? ~'vW ~ .6 wci~~?-> n~~rt Di"? '!l?'~ ~
nPrLl "l:riVJ c~. ~'/?. ~~tl= ,~~: c'lti1'= ,?iof?~ "n1,~~ -w
'I~ Ii~ c~ .7 1 ~t:t t':}7.~iJ ; c,rnrv:i l!/"1~Q-l l~V. N-IP:71
ci?IJ rtt ";D n~ij Tl!Q "'1~~ ,"IJtt A?.fNr-l ?~ .8 .;? ~LT
~o~~ N? .10 1 c~~l!. ..,, n~ 'D9~m "!Jq 1"'Ji'!T .9 D;'~
;i)"~ .11 UFtP~ .,.~~ C'ry~etitt r'I~ ~~~ .,~~ iJt CQ'iN
I) A Iona of ulutatloa ueed either at meetlas or at PMtllls.
- 75 -
Digitized by Google
'~~ 'l:iN~t;f N'1 ~1;'"~~ 't:';y
N?~ I~ ,?ic~ D{:l"~{:l
:i~iJ '-'1'~ ~ o~ O{:l"~~ri .13 ~~ '"l'V.f u;y '1ic1;'~ .12
\":1~a;t ~ ~ ,'iJ"\iN Utt~ l~ .14 t ;C, oiC,~4 t N"iJiJ i"V.#
r\~ tdl~l;' c~ ! ~~ "t)in~ .15 . in"~-? '--;:'!;' "~ ,~~ ,ii1'
'~'\, ll.''1P,T
I '~.~Q
. ~tttT.
. ,'-~
. . ~l:)J
. 'I~ j'!1T; "")QKf.\
. ,;r.nT 1lJ'liJ.
i11u -q~iJ ~ ~ iok ~ci, .16 ii~# i.~ n+:i~Q 1JP.5' ~f~"~1
'Jpin~ ~ "-i> ,;i~Q ntt :i~pT ~ N'i} "~ "~~ nr,Ji" ll!~~
P';)i"l'I~ iV~jP: ! n~i~LI "lJilr .17 .iziiN i'tflPT iT~~~::!
.,~? .1s .c~1rr n114i~ "$ ~ n~?r-Kn1 ''1~ niip,v;;i
! ~r.q .19 niz n~ ~IVT C".}~~ ''?~ '~ '-F 'ip~1lW u~~R
T.pi"J;t~l o;r.t! 1T.~~~: Cl ,,CiN ~'JN iT''10 n1~ ~~!;' c~
l'\~ 'lVf~ .,~~l'l Ji"~~ UN.t '1~~i1 O~~~~ .00 .1z:liN ':l!;I~~
-:i~+i Nj'i.,~ .,JJ~ ~"~f n~~nr, "~ "11 ,.,q~ ,r,piV':1.
11? ~~ .,~ fdtt~ Ci lMT iT~ZJ ?t!): ,:lit:) it~ll_:' "~ 21
C".}~f n~p ;~ ,"i'J ~~~ l~ ~ n~T ,~~~,, iQKn ;~1 ,~
.n;iip "UJt!I: =>ta"iJ PQ~ VQ~f:'
1. My dear brother, if you see my friend (f.) at
(in) school, tell her (you shall say to her) that I will .
be in her house this evening after supper. 2. I will not
eat the bread, neither shall you (f. 1.) (and also you shall
not) eat it because it is still warm. 3. I will not fear my
teacher but I will love him, because he is a kind (~it:l)
man. 4. If your (f. 1.) friend (f.) asks us about the book
which you borrowed from her, what shall we tell her
- 76 -
PIRST YEAR IN HEBREW
(say to her) t 5. Please tell (m. p.) her that as soon as

I find her book I will send it to her. 6. My eon, call
the poor man that is standing near ("J!)C,) our house, and
let him dine (eat dinner) with us. 7. If you are a good
and diligent boy, your parents will love you. 8. There
are many fruit trees (trees of fruit), in our garden; to-
morrow we will gather their fruit. 9. How do you do, my
friend (m.), where were you yesterday f 10. I went with
my mother to my aunt in the village ? 11. Did you see
my sister there; is she well t 12. Yes, I saw her there,
she is well. 13. Please don't (f. s.) tell my mother that
I broke the lamp, because she will punish me. 14. Why
are you (f. .s) sitting idle to-day Y go to the garden
and gather [some] fruit. 15. I cannot do anything
now, because I am not well.
33.
NUMERAL ADJECTIVES: CARDINAL CONTINNED.
Fem. Masc.
eleven, il'J~ lil'J~ i~ i11~ M"
twelve, i'1':\tp~ ("lJ~) C"l;l~ -:~ N~> C"~~ ~"
thirteen, i'i"J~~ 't;)C,~ iff ;i~C,tf l~
fourteen, i'1":1.tf~ ll~!tt 'if nv#lt:! ,,,

fifteen, ;r:itt{~ ~Q.q "'~ n~~t\ ~IO
sixteen, i'T1~~ tdt?! ..,~it~;' .m

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Digitized by Google
Fem. Masc.
.evenMia,
m.tp~ 11~" ~.? iii1Vi "
eigh~
. . ii;,ie'
t'IJ~:l . . ,~~ "~" M'
11ineteen. ,~i ~I;\ ~'
month, <trrf'ln) rd'Jj'i

TT. J
life, c~~IJ year, (~;ti) 1'1~
'T TT
afterwards, after that, l~ i1J~ farmer, peasan~ "QN

T'
Howoldareyoul':t7.!1'~~'P.?19~ field, <mi~~ 1"".!f

I am 9 years old, C'~' ~O ~) l~ '~t\
il'J~. l't1!C} ,o~tt?o .,~T ii'ttq rd.: u;:i~ n';?" .1

N"rt .,,, n nin~ :itt ,C".:}iD 07~ c'~~t\ c~~ .; ~?ti
t ii~QP: "1lZ?- ,n_;'f;J C'iJi~ ii~~ .2 Cr)~ i1ti~J1 ~~ti
"~!f ,lo I 'f.?1 'i.V{ '~~ ii~~1 .4 C'~1Q: ~V,." C"~~ ii~-} .3
'~"~ ~P- iP.i~y lP.!}1 rd'~~ .6 ii~V{ iTJfpJt D't'fl ~
I
c~ .n~ rr:t~1 rd?tf" C'Q'C .,t:lt n11~1Vi ~ i; ; ~-., ~~

rd.~ ii~iJ "~w.J ti'~~ '1 '1~i~ i"~V,t:! N\, ; i? D"~J C"~ nii~
.c-~iD} D'1'1'.1 D7~1 ,Q"~~ il~1'1 ni~ rd'{/ ; D"~~ "\~1'Titf'tp
N\i .9 I ~~JJ "~r/ "P.; ii~~ 8 ; '~~~Q li";ft rr:JiO N\i 'ii1f-t 'bf
~:if9T~l~ P1 rd~ ,,,.f'J ~~ .to ..,~ i'T1mt YWt;' l~
i~?~ "1Q9 '~ '~~ iQ~ ii'l~tl .11 .ikq ~iD D~ft ?;l\ ,~
\';!J:".Q ; ~f??:J u;1.~Q n"d "!'t;?o ?1 ~'r.. '~1 ,c~lt'I 'ii P'l

Di-il Dr] ~~ ~ff~ ~~~ 't'l!p ii~ .li I "v.J ,U~~. ~ll. l)I
- 78 -
Digitized by Google
PIBST YEAR I.N HEBBE W
i'l'JV.T1~ Y!TT1'T
._ :(?~. 1~ '10~1. C'fT"lT~ cl'H . ~
f "ipU , .11 t ..,~
.. T
!lW.~ 16 'cff ~?'D "ti9 "W_ "~lj= ,~tfV. ~ "'tp~ T.l R .u
,~ ~t~ r,~,N N~ 1~ Dt$ .16 !l':}~ NJ'~ "1).~ i t r:Jf
Nlt?~ t6 c~ "- !ll1m NJ'i~= "~~ iiv n~~ rfri/? ~ ,~
C''T.PJ: il~l;\ ttJ~. ~F~.f .11 "l'}'iN tt/Jy:~ .~;p ~ "~ "J!iN
~~ ITi~' n'iN~;> n~~ : l"\itiQ "r:l~ l"\'iN~~ "~lq ~. ~ ',~f
; n'iN~~ ~~n~fi niti~ ~~~. ii~~ e:~ D~ .1s '~~f
;~VI~ no~ ~~~ -nv ;~R:v "ryin~ 1~ .19 t~ ,ntt ~ti
,l"\ieU>V~!t! tti.~ i~~ r,~ C,lLI: ,niJ~ il~1' ~ ~~ : lD'iN
1v; .11 l"\ie'b itjtf'll.. ~JP ~~ er .20 '"11t'~ e:~ n'io'b i1~
. ii~~ ~ "l'.l'in~ T? n~~~ 1~ ,n~ro rn;~~u .:l1Q"Q n~v ' fl.
.,f~ io~ ~P ":Ji .,~l? n~l;l rd.~ nttu n'?1~1 ~~ .22
,l"\i"Qtj fth~ C'1:tt' i!Vf~~ rd~.~ .23 .nii~f? iV4D~ D~~?
n~tp 1~ N\, ; .,,~IJ/'j "1i":J .,,1'~ .,~l(: ~ N\, D~~~ '1iV'J1
C'~t': (1 nf.~~ !l~O cr1 ~~j).ti ':J20 "~7A 24 iV"f n'J~~
~ r:ibf ~ "~
1. There are 19 boys and 11 girls in our school.
2. Who is your teacher, little boys 3. Our big brother
is our teacher 4. How old is he t 5. He is 11 years
old. tt How many questions did your (a p.) teacher
attk you t 7. He asked us 15 questions, and we answel'OO
l:S (questions) only. 8. That young man is a rich
I) Witb namerala :ii mean ABOUT.
- 7!1 -
Digitized by Google
peasant: he has many fields and gardens. 9. Do you
.l{llOW, little girl, how many months there are in a
year t 10. In a year are 12 months, is it not I 11. Yes, so

it is, I will ask you another question: in our garden are
.
4: trees, and under every tree there are 4: chairs, how

many chairs are there t 12. There are 16 chairs. 13. This
morning my friend (f.) has bought 14: new books and
17 pe~. 1(. At noon when we went out from school,
we met the old farme~ who wants to sell you (m. .)
his field (\i'tvi); he told us that he will be in city to-
r'T
morrow morning. 15. That girl is very smart; I asked
her many questions and she answered (on) them right
(well); how old is she t 16. She is 12 years old. 17. There
are 3 rooms in our house ; in every room there are 2
tables, and on every table there are 2 candle-sticks and
3 slates ; how many candle-sticks and slates are there i
18. There are 12 candle-stiks and 18 slates.
34.
FUTURE AND IMPERATIVE OF THE VERBS J"El

J")verbs which are regular in the present and
the past, drop the J in the Future and in the Impe
rative, and the second radical receives a Dagesh. But
the second radical of such verbs being N, n, n, l1 or i
which letters can not have any Dagesh, the J is rotam
ea; as: Jh~ rJiJ~ rli:Jr
80 -
Tha &, of MP..? is likewise omitted in the Future

-JT
a.1d in the Imperative; as n~, Mf-l;i ; np_, "f'.1P;
to come near approach, ~jf ,~~ ~J~
FUTU re.
we will come near, tii~ I will come near, &t~
you (111.p.)will come near, 'ttJ~ you (m.1.)willcomenear,~Jl:'

you (f. p.) will come near, nrt~ you (f. .)will come near, "1:'
they (111.) will come near, 'ti~~ he will come near, ~l
they (f.) will come near, m""u:-1 she will come near, rl!f;l
T!'J<Cf '
IHPERATIVE.
(m. p.) '~l ,(m. s.) til
{
come near I
(f. p.) n.~~ ,(f. $.) "~t
to give, let, no? ,nfj?}V to touch, ~.3:1
!f.,.'IM~ ,lri.'I !r-'IM.'1,M.'I c2"nru Past to travel, ~J

7' 't":""t "-"f'r::;: 'f Tj-"f J "rT t T
~ ; l~t 'Ct:'tlt ; up1 to kiss, p~~

tM 1n" ;"Jr.in
'' ,lM ;1MN Fut. to fall, <~eh> ';!)J
: ... : : T
-n~ ,\lr-\" ; n.:inn ,unn ; TN ;?el;' he= ;if~~m, ;?~Fut.

'fj- : Tr :
.n~.. ,~n
I .. ;"Jr-\. .. ,ln.. Imp.
. .n~?,~ ''""~ ;n~,\'}~ ;',a;
hand, (f.) (3 (C"i" ,-~) i" {1 .n~~!l-l,'~~ ;~~ ,~Imp.
.,-T - T
I> Verlie wbCMe aecond radical have a In the future. do not drop tbe :i iJa
tJaelmperatinaad lntbcHCOnd lnftnitlve. %)The :I'~ of jr:J ls omitted la c:Jae
put In die Int aad aecond peraona. 3) All the double memben ol die maa '
.
llod ar.e fem . and have the DUAL termination D' In the plant
,-
- 81 -
Digitized by Google
at, by, ~..?
. ,~ ;'~ ,N, Imder. through,for,(~tc. ,..,~~)iv~
far, <rri 10' ,,~'in!> P'irll ~~ N!'1-Nf:f

near, a relative, (ni ,C" ,n:liip) ~iip,
T T
i~ ~ ri":li1 ~ t-r~? ~!,1 ~ "~!'flt-\ '~ l ..~ .1

'lf.1'~~ ~~f~ 'ncp~ i1P:"i;.1 'tqi~ .2 i'1'f1D i,~~ ~e~
O)} ,O~J! n~ ~~f;l c~ ,np~n1 i"~ -iqq VQr;i;t :t1~~1
,'IV,J ,~ ~.~T p)l0 .3 .ik9 "lJiN f'9piN "~rt~~ MpF, "liiN
i~ N"J;l:t "~ "~ l~P,. ,~~.. C&:tr:t ,..,~ i1~t;) n~ "J171P.Z ,~~~
~1 "~ lV..1~ , v~-1 iniN liTJP~ ~ 'l'!lf. N? .4 t iniN VJP:~
,, Oi"iJ ~~f ~ ~~" !Z.'1Q,, .5 .'l)1ii? Cl~ '~ ~, '? N;
~~
I.
~r.iJ
.
11'~ "~ Jlti
I
.j!)T~~

~Wi'ij 'f.':t "l;i'\N ',~tt,tT
,"iR~ 'l;ll~ ,~f n10t~!J Ci'? "l'V~ ~ ,c~o O'i9i;
." n;r,o 'ln"IN lttt' "Q' n!1 "P.i ,..,,., ., iQ~ , 1~ c~,, 'J:l~~v
.... .i...J.. "
~p.;} n:jfu 'Qfr ~?i'zQ1 ,tJ'10~ C'lr.17 "l)N~R-1 "~?y T~

M'f11J~ D~"'lJil D.,,iJ 'Q~ n~~ i~~~ .6 :l~W;;t i!l o~
ltf?~iJ '~ '~lfJ '~ ,;7J.), : M~ i'll-~~1 i1.f~RiJ 'l)irt~? i1~1~
"~~ . ~~ n'io~;:i ~ "1~~r:i l~ ,tJ ~~ '~1 'l1~f ,~~
n~~:t9 ~~ n~ 1~ i~~~1 ,;,~~ ',ip.;i ilV9~ N; l~ 'm
~r 1~~ ''"Ti~~ M"IO~il 'i- n~ ;q~f? 10?~0 '~ n~tJ
~ ~'fl N'I:' n~~ ,n.r;~, z:it_t.p .,,~, ~~? opp N"~
- 82 -
Digitized by Google
.,.';19 ~ ,~ ~it? irtto; o"i~il ~ ...n "? ~~ rfzrt 7

C~~ C"~1': :i~~ C~l 1i!P,.iri} iY? "lJtl~ -~~ PQ~ 'iP.fi~
''J~ 1" ~? l~ i;>~ ~Jt-~ 0'"1 ipt?- "~ C~ ~.~ .8
,N.; '"?: .9 C"".l~f1~'J1 C'~p C"')'81?Lt ~ Dp~ NiP:? DTl,!!.D
?~ J "JJ'iVJ .IO i1~1 CQiN U'tf/' il?f.v n'iNp~O 1'! "~
'-i> .rq i14'Pf-'.' ?~ c~1 ;,~ ii~Ptz:i ;~ MtiJ nt~n 'J~ ~:'
to~;p ""!'A .~7~ c~1~ n.i,RiJ .11 .crv~ ~~ N~ n~'1~
i~k!~ \l~ ili'IN Mf-; fBi;tD C~ 1"iNf? N~;:t il?iiP: 'lH .12
ri~ ?ttrf11:' c~~~ .c. ~i~iJ "'Jii ,c~~tt YQ~ t6 .ta -n~} li'Q~
,'~ff~ ?~ .14 -CQiN ':i~~~ C1~~ ~1 ii'~ N') ".i> ,"ZJbti
l~ IC\, "~ l~R. ~- iiv ~-t~ "- t,"J.; ':iv..,,,. TD~ ~ ,"~
"-!>,, ,ri~:;i n~? ?01 i119~ "' ;i~' ~ "~" .1& t":PJI 'P~l~
'',1090 ci1 -J'W. ~ n1.~.i':i "~~!' "'11~~ TJ;l? r;tt n;~"
n~~' ".i\W,iJ ;4> n~ :ita"v "~~ n~i" .,~1'" ,n~ n~.p
";:?"' '!ttt N~ "V/4 l~~" ,c~~ M~f?~ ","~ J?~ ~~ M~i~
. "J~ ru '!"'- !"WJN1 I,
'IT..._ !jf .........
1. If you (ns. .) allow me to pluck up a few flow

ers of your garden, I will take you along (with me)
to my aunt that lives in the village. 2. Don't leave (f.
s.) that child alone in your room, lest he falls (willfall,
out through the open window 3. When, mother, will
you travel with us to the far city t 4. I can not set
out with you for the city, because I am not well, but I
- 83 -
Digitized by Google
n""'\!>Y
.nl'\&'M., Mlt'
----------------
will ask your (. p.) aunt that she should (sh&ll) take
you along (with her). 6. My good sisters, will you take
me along (with you) to the forest. 6. No, we will not
take you (/. .) with us, because you wan' that we
should (shall) carry you on our arms (hands). 7. Good
friends (.), don't kiss my little sister, don't touch her
and don't come near (to) her, because she is afraid of
men. 8. The man and the woman that are sitting now
in our house are our relatives; they live in a city not
far from ours (our city); this afternoon they will set out
for their city, and they will take me also there.
9. Come near me, my dear son, and kiss me. 10. My
aunts said that they will give me nice presents, if I
know my lessons well. 11. Don't t~ke these cups, little
girls, and don't touch them, lest you (will) break them.
12. Take (I. p.) these chairs and carry them into th
garden. 13. Please give (f. .) me a cup of milk.
35.
NUMERAL ADJECTIVES: ORDINAL.

Fem. Masc. Fem. Masc
f"ifth, n'~Q ,-td't.'.Q first, nJirzlKi. ,)irti~"'!
sixth, li'rfr ,'rJrd second, <n;;f}> n'~Vl ,,#.
seventh, n'V,',+~ ,'Jr;~ third, Ji'~"/ ,~
eighth, 1''.f'Q~ ''~Q~ fourth, Ji'v.'~'"\ ,~.;"?
-- ~
Digitized by Google
Fem. Masc. Fem. Ma8c.

tenth, M"'1.'~ "!~ ninth, nWli' ~~
From eleven upwards, the Cardinals are used in.

stead of the Ordinals; as: "'1.f'i irt~y ~Q?~:t, the ele-
Yenth pupil; :T:I.~ Nl~q i\,Jf!'J, the eleventh year.
at what time, ii~ i~~~ cent, ;n\1N

T -:
at 5 o'clock, li'tt/'QL!LI nw4~ candy, t>'f!ZJt?Q

hungry: .:llQ morsel, n~
thirsty, NC!
.. T work, ('z;q:tiq) il1"~9
much, il~):t hour,~
a little, t)ltq which, what t , il'N 14'"U'N
.. . ..
behold, here is, it,lit
behold, here am I, (,~~' ,,;,~') \1f'
;<'t-"' '''"> u+., ;q~-:r ''~A;:i ; !ij::i .;.r:-r

14'' ,Cii1 ; l~+:r ,C~f''
n'~ niirtlNiQ it1'Q7tii:i il~V- ~~' "~ 'z:i~n~ .1
C'~JJQQ . ni.,il~.. tdP.tt cia ~ mr:i~
r: n'bp,? T":'T
mT'isiJ ; ~LT
1
l~ ,,!lp';:t ':I?~ ~ i~QQ '"m

'l?'?~ Ci:t,, : Ml it19~1
*'
,ni.,il~~ C'f.l:'~Q M'f n~-lR 't:1in~ ',~~ . "Ci' Ci' ~~ TI
.C'~it) C"'1~9 ~ nuP:'li: nu1 niiil~ qic~~ N';:t ill~ ,~
'~ .,rp~ '~Lt ~~~0 tf.li1 i't.~ '~ ,T.\ ,"? \:'H,W ii~~ . 2
- 85 -
. n~i~Ni nJ~ .n,i.:V
~ ("~-) ';)~ ~~lf ; "ZJiN ti~~~ N? iiV nv~1 ~ ~ti

;'? '~~ N? .a iz;tiN it~~~ '~ ~T:' 1~ i~~P1 i~?~ tili?~
~~wu c?a N',,, n.n..
,n.?in
. "z:i'~nT
I '~ 'r:i~~fT'
. N? 1ll ~ '-ipii.;i "lr.1
I
Cirt .4 itiiN "fl?~~: "T:'~,~~ '~ Q~~O n\'~1 ; "l".'~~Q "l;'~~~ .

rijp.iP .~~~ iW?Y: nttt~ na~1 "1)'~1': lit;ilJi:! ?~ "':1~~~. iR.?~
cq7, 11;> ? 10 N~ : "? n~~~ "l')iN i1t'~1 i~~~ ~r.t:~ ,~~7
ct:f.? ~ "~1J ,itP~#LI ~ "Z:~~ .'~~ n~~~ n~V1 "~ c~p tolt'P'
riii'ilNit
-:T
r!on
" T
.nN
'."
n?T 'n.n.l
,- T
tm
- :
,;u.,.nrvi
T : T ;
;6.:lN
T : T
N"m
' :
:ii,n,
T T :
,~~ n11~ N? n~~p C'Rtlt?O '~ .niJR~ ~~ '~ ii~~ ~~

i11 nit:~ i-1~ 'T:'t'.# N? ~~j~ ?t~ ,'':!; .n~ p'f/Jt7 M~!;J 1~
'~ rgii;i i,~ 1!l:J. 'ti~ '1'9". itl?' ir~f .5 .n.Jf
'c+'li?
i'W1 ~ ~I~ cr:i .6 .cne~>-il.JQ 'li9~ Cj~i t:QiN nm7?
0''1'9? ~ Vl.Jlp "':iPt;lf 7 C~~Y:liJ i!:ltt .nv:~7i;.t ~~~
'z:i'1;1 nin~ .s "rtl'~~rt i'8P!I N'n ~~3 :iitirt ~.:lJ;t ,,,~70
ci' ~nn ci~n- .9 . ,J,Elc
I.. :
.n':3 n'rzftt'n ni'o?nn Mll mn
'' : ' - T : - - T - T'." '
n~ it,~ .10 . ci~rr Ilf~ '~ ;i_rN;9 '='fl ntpll:l Ni, 1~'? ,'V.'.:fifrt
'~t:/f:\'J Ci" N\, ci~iJ .12 ri'~'~rft:l il',.tfu ilai'.1 .11 t ';ii~ ,N';:J
C'"1'8~:J Ci" '~ '~NJ N? iJ;I~' ''Jtfl;I tVj~M N",
T~rrv td1_;~7
n.nil1i
T 1:
c:v. nC,ii~n
T : -
"niMN
-:
n-'?il
T : T
ci:i'le:i
1TT!T -
iMN
- -
~ion~
:
.ts ~ii
q?,.vT qlpT l~~ ,:i~.l~i n'rtq'!Zf1 n'.t11t:J ilt c~ n~~;1 iii.):iY!
"tlt,~~ C~Q .14 ~~;11 ~,?~ -ril1 i-1~ l!:l~ ~6 ~~ ~~1 '.l'r~
iv_ ~W. n~ .'t;t~Pl ~c~ ';l' i~!:l~ n.it"rrJ';'O np~o iy
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Digitized by Google
PIRST YEAB IN HEBBEW
i1r.'..'-1 ~Ti1
,,.~, l~. .15 ikQ. 'l;1V.~~' .,.
. . t~'Jv.)T MJ~.
. . c~~
. rmtnQ
~
N~ ~tf/ .16 ~~Q 1"'~1 -,~ i1~~t\:J i'Q?ZJ.j Tin~ \-p.i;t

n~~ ';~~ -~~~~ "~ '~N'z9 ~ nit'~ "l")iN ~p;J .v.i ,,~
=i?rt\ cffi. c~? lD~ Cr:)~ C'~Q.~ C"~~ C~ ,~1 rt~'iM
~~ ~ il~jiJ i1~JP t:lilt! ~~ '~~ .17 Vl"t'1 ''?N!iJ
N.1 ~ "rit'iN il~F:~ .,Q~" i~Nr\ ~~ l"l~~/9 il'~ n'tz?~
.t .:lit:l~ ~'1 ~ n~~f:\ ;~1
1. This is the first letter that I am writing to

my aunt. 2. My sister Rachel (here) is the second pu-
pil in our school 3. Behold, it is three o'clock and my
friend David did not do his work yet. 4. To-day is the
fourth (day) of Thishre: 5. My friend's sister (here) is
the 5th pupil and I (m.) am the 6th (pupil). 6. To-day
is Saturday (7th day), therefore we don't do [any]
work. 7. What time is it 1 8. (Behold) it is 8 o'clock.
9. This farmer's son is now the 9th pupil in our school.
10. Yesterday my good uncle gave me five cents to buy
candy for me; when I went out of the house, I saw
(behold) a poor man standing in front of me, and
he said to me: "I am hungry and thirsty, please give
me something (l"IO) to eat". Then I went and bought a
morsel of bread for the 5 cents and gave it to the poo1
man. 11. Your (m. 1.) friend's brother is very lazy and
bad; there are only 14 pupils in our school and (behold)
he is the 14th one (pupil). 12. At what time do you
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o ;gitized by Google
(. p.) go home for dinner Y 13. At H o'clock. H. Don't
(m. 1.) drink (from) this water because it is very bad;
if you are thirsty I will give you a cup of milk.
36.
J>BBs:mrr .AND PAST OF THE VERBS 'l"V AND,.,,.
to arise, get up, C'P

p RESENT.
J"\ic:"I
l""T
, C'Q~
rT
; :i~:-i
TIT
, opT
PAST.
she arose, nop. I arose, got up, ~~P.

T JT . I
we arose, '\;Q:"I you (m. 1.) arose, r-ITQp_
: l'j- I
you arose, l~t!P- ,C~t?P- you (f. s.) arose, ~P-

they arose, 'OPfT he arose, CR
to wash, r"i to ran, f'i
to put on, ~:Jr, to hasten, f'N
T
garment, i~ to return, come again, :JW
a cage, :J'~i to come, Ni.l
hird, (f ) (C~B:t) "'l'ie:t etc. N'll ;l"IN.! ,.ntt;g '.nNl ="'""U
song,
T!'
n-i.;et
grain of seed,
,-.~
1'lr}A
"" T T fT '
to sing,

to put, C'ft
i"
IT ...~
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FIRST. YEAR IN HEBREW
sun, ift:t a sleep, n.:'

T ..
the sun set, Nt rl~Wo earth, land (f.) ~
the sun arose, <r.:wo ~) Nt, rl9'-1
ri,n ':l'~-i~ Mr\~ nq~\ ~: ii\IQR iie ~P,. "tpt_t .1

~ n?~ N'~ c'~ t:~\ D'~~ 'i:l nq~ '~ C'i" mi
..~,~ "fl9P,- ~~!Q 'ip~\ '111'.J.? ':l,,~ij ~ "::tr' C'\9ri
f'\.~
-r"'T
11.lff "'1.-il:\'ft
-: 'l=:j9'
~"i"'"'
T-.'f' ,i .Tfl\\
'~T ''t'
,wf _,
mrl'\
TfT;
~!"\ PW
,.,~,.. 'J!~
ntttt;
T T
~ ~ ~ rrrn JP. ~ rl.rii? ,n~;f{iil ~ll '~0

l:'JP.~ ~ i~ io~ .iR:f' NJ'~ ?;.ian: l~~Q "' ~~ '~f
n'~? wi . ~~'?' ';f? "~ ,,,'P~~~ "t''~P' ~ ~
~iJ n~~? C'~ C'J~ C"i~J' ?; ~ ~ 11~ f'"_:l ~;:t
~,~., ;tn"., '':'I nn nJl'N' mN i1 3 ""N rutol'llit mm ~., ,"l'IC~
. 'IT ya" I"' TT Tj": : TT ff T~- f'F r- 1T
C"!'Q~;:.:J ?f C"~f n'j~~. C"r:vfiJ i111R~ ~ 11'~?
,"r:i'~? tt;i '~11,~~~ C!;;i+70 nm~ '~?, on~~:r n'i'Q711i~
w.o n'~? ':l~ "~~= l~
.,,,t!'\ ,c~~iJ l'UJ'~ "? ~pu c~p
~~ ,T.\ ,otip i1f.~ .a .n~tft'I ~~i:I iv_c~ ~~i
iiNT.::lT '",N't"' '~ ,;inT~3ij
I -~fl T,.. ~H
.JT- \l':M , . .4: fiJl,~'J.~ 'no~~'
.. ..
'Y'P'li.! cv. n~~ N'rt MA-' .6 t~ ,if''"~ ~~ .& W Nii?'?
N,; ~ iij;:t ,C"j~~ ,~, 7 .~iJ n'~ C't.t; c;, -Oa:! '1
C'f>; D"1'~ ni.,~ lNtt+Q 'Prr .,~ c~~~i:I\ '~Y ~ rl~1Vj'O
~"J? JlC 'rl-?~ ,c~i:i~~Q ,,1 ; D'~~: ~-pv ~~? ''19~t1
t;'?JI _ar,4 .,;~ :s ~l';'JJ '~~~ :i?.~ ,c~'t~' ~'~ ~ '~
- 89 -
.:i.nrvtti rt.lttt n'i~y
---------~~~~--
*'
~ ~ 1n'V7 ~ ~?Q Vji~' W:t~ "1c~ iil1
11.JN a6 ~ '1' lll~ nqi?f~ ?k'? 't't,~Q N? .9 t ~i?t('?
.ni')f r/pQ 'f:'~~ '~ ittq 'r:i~~ '~ ,,~~T iv_"l'l1rt ~ "'?
i!VJ'"l U1~ Nf t'~WiJ ':1~1 ,iQ~i1 u:r.2Y1 '?tl~ '~ .10 .
; ~ ~1:i 1~1 rrr~y .11 -n1QF(iJ ci'? ""7'~ ~ U1P1:n
itt~ 1C"1Q~ ni~~ ~ .:>r.4 ,ik9 i1~i1i} fJ~~ K~ N\,

~1 ~ D"J~p N?q ,"t)ilp .12 .il'?tt? 'blt m~ 'r:t~ pp~ i~
c1in~ nbtVi' l~ n.~:i? ,C'VAJ Cl'~~~: n~~ C~::r) 1~ trPiJ
"7 .11, ~ ~1' J~~ Jit'7 C~~~ C~"~ Cltl1 l~'l)ii'~ nh~
1
l'\:1.7'i,. ,~~~ .,~f~ .,~.!:>~ : ik9 ~mi .:lit:>\ l~T n~ ~~

~~l'? WP,. ?Qi ~10 t1'n111i Cf m, i!P.:i ~ ~Ott~~
i1?~ "t Di" Di' i1Jtl ifl~iJ N.1 il~V iifi~ !l.'1~" ill?
ni~ l~" ,~ n.;~ ",r,'blt.? C":\.~~D "~ 1~.~,, ~~ in1K
?~ ~ Oft~? W~t$ "11f C"")~~p ~~ 1l'i"l~~ C";~} ~~
"Ct'T c,-,?
:T
il'n 'ittJN
TT:-:
1. My good aunt bought a beautiful bird for

m~ and I put it in a new cage. How lovely are her
songs I I love her very [much] 2. How long, lazy
girl, will you sleep ~ Get down from your bed, wash
your hands and face, put on your new garments and
go io school. 8. All the boys and girls are hurrying
and running to school, but you, David, don't hurry
and don't run because you are lazy. 4. The sun arose
(on the earth) and the birds are already singing their
- 90
FIRST YEAR I.N HEBREW
pleasing songs. 6. That old man is my uncle; he came

from a TfYr'f far country; he will stay with us for 6
weeks, and after that he will take my sister Bachel
with him to his country. 6. We returned home from the
forest as soon as the sun set. 7. Why did not you (& p.)
come to me yesterday when you came back from the
village 8. We could not come to you (m. 1-) because we
were tired.. 9. My sister aroee of her sleep at five o'clock
in the morning, but I (/.) did not arise before (till)
'1 o'clock. 10. Why were you Cf. .)hurrying and running
when I m~t you in the garden I 11. I was running to
see my kind <good) old aunt who came from a err far
oountr;r. U. The children are sleeping and you (f. p.)
are sitting in their room and singing; get out from here.
18. I will go home and put my warm clothes on, because
u is veq oold to-day. 14:. My sister got up at 8 o'clock to
day because last night she studied her lessons till 19 o'clock.
37.
lCuTuu AND JKP&RATIVE OF THE VERBS 'l''V AD "'J'
FUTURE.
we will arise, C'P~ I will arise, C'f'~

you (. p.) will arise, '~i'r\
I T
you (m. .)will arise, c'p~
you will arise, nmpri you (f. > will arise, ~'Prl
(f. p.)
T !1 T I T
they (m.) will arise, ,c,p~ he will arise, c'P;
I T
they (f.) will arise, n.:iopri she will arise, C'Pl}

T: 1 T
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Digitized by Google
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- -- ----
I JI P E R A T I V I:.
(m. p.) ''P ,(m. 1.) C'P

arise I {
(f. p.) n.lcp ,(f. s.)
T:1
'O'P
.I
,,i'rd.r-1
j'T
i~.l
J 'T
; i~i-l
'T
i"l'ti"
'T
;'i'ttJ.r-1
'l'T
,i"l'tif.'\:
'T
i~N
'T
i'l:i
itrr/~
T :a </
,,,. rt"
1 T
, i1.lil'tiri
T :r T
I itflfrl ''i"~ ; J1' 'i"'lf : "''~

etc "Hi~
'I T
1Nb.rl ,~~N .NU
T T
to flee, O'J
summer, r.p to fly, :"J'V

winter, :nti to tum in, depart from, i'C
night, (m.) ni~?. pl. ;i~~ ,;*
1
heart, (~~ '':/J~) :J?.
{ i::JQ to care for, regard, :J7, c~~

quickly,
m;ic
T- ;
to quarrel, .:ri
;~ c' ~~~ n~p~ i'V.~ "ZJi.:l~ cv..~~ N#iJ lt9f~ .
~~y '~~Q C'lQ ;~ "~f .2 '!'lf? :J'tz}~ '1\"~' r~~il "~":
n1ito ~'4 "~ .3 ViT ;~ ;? n'~- ~ "~ ,;;~n i'in~tt
1?~ np~O ~ liJ C! T~ l~~ ".;~ ;t'1 J::ly nii~P
''iTlj~
Tl.~ "~ ,.:l1l!~T .,. ci~iJ "~~. NT.l 'N~1 .4 ':llJ,N nTJ~lJNn1
1
'.t:l'lil 5 . r:i~T~ ,.l,.Q,T
1
"'lW~

n~ .,..
I
~LI ~ .,,,T.J c~T.
i1T.ijiJ I
:J'l'ti~ i~~~ ;v,;;i "~ t "ic~? 'J)iN i1Q?r 'J)iM~ ,n;i~Lt

'='~N ~ nirtilf.2 1D,N "i~m '!~ .,,cnT \JQ,Ti~ l"I"~
1
c~~ ii~~ ~~-~

C?.?iP "~ .0.;>"'1"' r1~
I
w\"'l'y/~ N~ 'tc .6
I
99 -
Digitized by Google
PIBST YEAB IN HEBREW
t:' h-'J ?io~~ .7 .c~.'~. ii'.lQ .,,o~ ,,,~ c~ ~ '\N~r;i

i~~~ ~ iJ.O v:J; ~ C'i'Lt;I ,.,,~rt ~~ 'b~ ~ ~ "ti;:
,i&)an
... ,.. -
n'~
..
;i.:i::run
T : I T
irdN~
; -:-
,'ni.l.l
- :
.s .i.:ii
TT
niit:>i1
... -
in\.~ ;~~
- T
illrQJ? '"riaJ .9 ri~i~Vf7 il~7.~VfI:i/ ili~i1 l~%7"ij':T C,~ i1fiC~

nil'MJo~ n'Q!:t n~ 'r;i~~ ,l;;.rirt i!lf "t:P'~ ?~ ~V,. n~
:iy~~1 ..~~ ,~~~ 1~ ,c'~'ll'.1~ .:i;?f Ml_):~ rriJP:? 1192Q1
ii-v.Jf ~~= Ji":!iJnrJ~ .:::p~ 'r:t~ '~ ,iiv n~~~ ..~9 N?
ntt
~~~ iTJ~o~ "Ji, ,~,et; ,~~i) .10 .n#ir(J ii'fl?- it~~ N'i'.'li
,'IJti -w_ .n .cn~7 '.:i~ru~ l~ .,11~1 c'V'!JI -~~ '.3(~1 n>
1~ ~ qb~ 117~: i?~ n~ flJl ;z;i~~Q c;p t l~tl ,;~
1~J n~ ?~ i'QD~ f'i1 ,1?'P7~f CQiN C'~ 'f.~'?Pi
ii~? il~!J i~~~ n~ '~!!iM N? '~ ,'~ 'tll~~ N?y .12 t
;~ ~?~ n:~iJ JQ nN~: '~17 1~~ r:'9~ N? ~ !~!!~
,ikq N'."l"T! ,'iN:t rV'~ l'~ '~ i1~~1 ~~~ CR. ,~~;:t ~0? ,T.PiVJ
i';Ji ii~D tU'a:t;;t .13 y;?.~ C,j)~ ,'in~~~ n~~~ rP.~ i~1?;1
l:l~r~' ,i'T'.!-~~ .,~~ in~1 .:i~i' Nil., r~n ~~ ;1-il ; ,N~
Ji:;''; ,.~~~ i~~~ il~~~~ .14 -i~l;1 i~~ 'in'~ ?~ .:l~ N'\it
,:i~ntt '~~ 'JP n~ iV~ r;i~~~ ; n~'b ~1 ?ip ..r;i~~~
0'~1': c~..l.f: tdi.:l~ ~1n1 ''4-1'~ ';~7 i~iV l~R- i~i n.~01
r:i~ ttt ~ ~~ ;r, l'~ ';;J '7 ,~~ ,~ail .,Nt? ip_ ;r,o ~=?u
"t:Z 'Uf)'~ C,~ 'iniN t)b~~ '' Jn~ '~ ~~~ ~~ ~~ttfll i"L1~~ij
1
i~~ il~ ,'~f ,iN9 .:l~to ';~~" il~N~9 i'> Nf1'~ ~~~
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Digitized by Google
.~7 p~~, ,~~~ ~? iQ~ ",~7,~
1. My eon, don't flee away from that dark man
and don't fear him, because he is a very kind man
and would not do you [any] harm. 2. My uncles are
going (traveling) with me to another city; there we
will stay the whole (all the days of the) summer and
in the winter we will come back to this city. 3. My
pupils, be good to every body 6~~) and don't quarrell
with [any] one (man). 4. Please come (f. p.) [ove1]
to me to-nigM and we will sing together the songs
which we learned of my aunt to-day. 5. We will no~
come to you (m. s.) to-night because we fear to walk
outside in evening; if you want come (over] to our
house. 6. How long, lazy girl, will you sleep t arise quic-
kly from your bed and go to school. 7. My good friend
(m.), please tell your sister Rachel that she shall turn in
to my aunt's house to-night, because she wants to see
her. s. Our father said that if you do (will) not mind
(to) the words of the teacher, he will punish you.
9. The bird which my uncle bought to-day flew out
through the open window. 10. My daughters, be kind
to those girls and don't quarrel with them, bOOause it
is not nice to quarrel. 11. Please don't (m. p.) sing
that song, and if you do (will) sing it, w& will depart
quickly from you because your voices are bad. 12. We
will sing, and we will see whether you (/. p.) flee
away or not. 13. In the winter the birds come to the
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city because they cannot find [any] grains in

the field. 14:. My brother Jacob sent me to tell you
(/. s.) that as soon as he comes back from the rillage,
he will come to your house, and (will) help you (to) do
your work.
38.
NUMERAL ADJECTIVES: CARDINAL.
five hundred, niN; ~~q twenty, C""'l~ .~

(;i:J':ie''
T ;
.c~.'Je"i)
1-:
iT'IN'I
T : !
i1NC
T , NJ~1 I~~ D""'ltf'i ~
thousand, (C'E;l'q~> q~~ ,D~f:'~' ,c;~tf*' C""'l'i .~
two thousand, ( 1 C'B~tt
,-:- thirty, D'r{J'~ .~
time, (C'QV~> c~e forty, 0''.qil~ C
twice, (C~!:'Y;p fifty, c~t;~JJ: .J
holiday, llJ sixty, cr~ .o
Jew, Jewess, n;i.;iV ""1-?V seventy, D~t~ .v
language, lip, ,;i)~ eighty, C'fie~ .S)
TT
Hebrew,;i;!-?V!;' n.p~n:i,i~p. npp ninety, c~;:i .~

tooth, (C~~') l'- hundred, (f.) (-~9> i1~~ P
etc. ;i~~ 'iJ' ;':J~W ii~,'~~ two hundred, (~[JN~ .j
mountain, hill, ,iCI three hundred, niN; tu"',rf ~

head, top, beginning, tUNi four hundred, r.iN; P.il~ .,n
I) The c~,- termination denotes the DUAL plural
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Digitized by Google
' ~ p.:;i~l C"'1o/v... Ci' r,~i' C'P~ ii1r:f ~irrt~ .l
c~ ;,~p ~~ ~~~~ .2 ' '~ lr;;)~~ ~~ ni~ ~~
~~ ,;~ ; ~~i'J 'I:'~ ,~n,, i~..3 "~~ ~6q ; nivt ttfie~'
c~ "n'-: c'~b~ ~. ,,tn ':>i"'t}o i~ ; '!i?JiN '~r~ nu~
;ni~~ ttrf/QQ1 niJQ?~ tt~t// flt ;f nrJp1 O"tu~ "ll:C~.t;U
C"v.f1~': c~p~rt tti~. o~ .4 1 H~ ~:. niN~~1 niJr::~~ 119~
'V- ;)TQ"G n"~~ ill,~ 'I:'; ,i~ .5 .Jii~9~ liiN~ 11~1~1 niJtt~
li~ ~ "-W;D1 ,Ji'hi.l~ ~Q~1 C'V.#1~ !J~ llJ~ ,n~~y ni':>~~iJ
,~?rJ.1 i1~il. ' "1~11 ;;,~ "rJ~ .6 "~~~ r:i?r-~ ~~ ~r:t
Y;~ n'~~ C"!'Q?t' n9~1 .7 .;.,~Q n"~~ ~~ D~-?~t1
n~'J ~~ .9 .o..,-tt?o n~tP'! o",rio~ nm~ ~tt! C!~ '01' .s
niNg 'U~m C"~~~: M~tf( : rd"~ O"~~~ (1 T\1Zrl~f ~ Ntttt
'f,~-' ~ .10 O"'i,"~ll: i!~tf'~- 0~1;1N~ i''l1 ,o~':U{ D~t\1
ni'i 'A~,.,~ ''1ii 'i;Q .11 w,,~~ n~in;:i ,,,~ 'ci~v c"n
~n ~' Cl! l~~ "i~i "~~ n~in n~~ ni~'l o"QV~' ,.,kt?
'~ rr~f ; '11~ u;Jjo N"., 'J:~.~~ !J?.i.i:i .,,~'Jv ~'tt;;t .12
c:im
TT:
tnn n'n
;-
.,"Wt'!
T-
mi~m
: - :
,ziiiio v~iNi
- ;-;
O""'liO

nwon
T -:
~"
'~ ~'tiM ".P tni"1 ll].i" lil1 ~ , iNp "t:iiN ~U'iN N'it : 01Jt ~ierrt
11T~? ~p~~ 'J:1~~if ~~~~ ':>iOt;'~ .13 i1;1~~ ~r~~ ~
~~ l'riNl'? ~ "f'?,?i;l .14 Yt~ ~~"y n!>'~ ,1{'iN '~9 "'1
1~rtt ;# ;J"l""-*r;itt ~tf'rt n.~::r .15 ..,~.ft:I~ n~.'tr/ ~,
ll See pace note.
- 00 -
Digitized by Google
P'IBST YEAB IN HEBBE W
; "!"T
..~T ~:u
l :"
1 ~
'~"f_1 "~~ 1 .: rr n~.;i~
nT.n~) ,.,_~ ~ 1:1\~1
f'llt,
WT 1, .
~ , ~~ ".t.t~ .16 !.~LI n11~7 :P-1 ~ ili'JZ? c-,-::

rdth ~ c~ i~;v "Q .11 'tt/N-i.f "~~= ~ ~ ~ n?in
ni WH 1~..n ,Ci"iJ Jrt 'I~ ,:rf.!iVJ cv. 'I~ Cf .18 '"'ri':]i~
"-'~ ~;Ti io4'-i2 tc", C"l~ll? n~o rdth .19 .~'l "";lf
cr.;vi; c~ N.,P:~ ik9 .:iry1N "~~ .20 -~1' ~ .n.,
~ 'r:f.:/11 .21 N':, i11911~ n~~ n'~ "; '~- ~;
~ Ci~f r~ "~ ,~ nMfLI
1. In our school are now 50 pupils: 28 boys a..nd

22 girls. 2. In that garden are 80 trees: 46 apple-irees
and 34: nut-trees. 3. It is 9 o'clock, and you (. 1.) are
still sleeping; get down from your bed, you lazy boys.
4. We are not lazy, our good mother, but we have a
a headache (we are sick in our heads). 5. All Uie pu-
pils of our school went to the farmer that lives ihere
on the top of the mountain, and his boy took us with
him into the woods ; there we stayed ihe whole
day, because we had a Hebrew holiday and did not
go to school. 6. My sister went home at l~ o'clock
because she had a toothache (she was sick in her
teeth). 7. In this big city are 5,600 boys and only
300 know [hov~] to read and write (the) Hebrew (lan-
guage). 8. This girl's lips are white because she is noL
well 9. How many times were you (m. p.) in our house
yes~ay 10. We were there twice, but we dii not
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find you (. 1.). 11. In this city are 2,677 men, and
1,908 women. 12. My brother is now the 56th pupil in
his school 13. And how many pupils are there t 14. There
are 600 pupils, 360 boys and 240 girls. 15. In our garden
are 15 trees ; under every tree there are 5 bask~ts, and
in ev6rf basket there are 25 apples; how many baskets
and apples are there 1 16. There are 75 baskets and
1,8'16 apples.
39.
VERBS V''V c~'Eli ; VAV CONVERSIVE.

Verbs, whose second and third radical letters are
alike, are termed c~~~?
to surround, compass, .:l~
; <n~19> i1#Q ,(.:i~) .:lQ ; .noi.3Q ~\~P ; ~~Q Past .

(,.:l~~) '::lQ ;l~Q ,C~ ; ~
1n:l.:l'iD ,.:Q.'iD or .ni::lQ ,Cl'~Q 1i1#;i ,.:l~ Present.

: 1:
..nti.;iio ,o.+?io
; l'llkra
~
; .:ibJT ; .:ibnT ; .:ibT ; ~;;ion
., T
,.:ibnT ; .:ibN
T
Future
.m~QZ, ; ~b ; it~:!lCM
TI~ jT Tr: ~ :
When a verb in the Past is connected by 'l with

a Future or Imperative, its time is therby changed into
the Future, as: ~1Q~1 ':f?1 go and 1a11; ~~: iotf{f'.I gou
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Digitized by Google
FIRST Y EAU. IN HEBRE \Y
shall uq aad do; this' is called Yeu eonvernw 1~tttr:r '

When the Future is connected by ' with a
Past Tense, it receives the signification of the Past.
This ' is written +before N, otherwise i; as: -iQN':) N~ .,~,ii'J,
the bor eGnN G1ld said.
The n of the verbs n-? drops when the Vav

conversive is prefixed to the future, as: i1~.lf-' ft?,J.
With Vav conversive, the second_ in the Future
of "'E> verbs is shortened into ... except in the first person
singular, as: .:l~, .:Jtti .:lttJN, .:lttfN'I.
:,- .. " ""T
In all those forms of the verbs , .. ~ which have

no suffixes the ' is changed into except in the first T
person singular, and the ~. of the verbs '"V is changed

into ._., as: C'P~ CR~'l.; C'ft'~, Cf?.'~1:
The of V"V verbs is changed into in all those
T
forms which have no suffixes, except in the first per-

son singular, as: :io~, .:lO'i ; .::ioN, .::ioN~.
T Tl'r T TT
foot, <c~':ili
.,-:- , '':ili)
: - ':i.li
... !"..
celebrate, .Un
T
eye, <r;l.?V. ''~'V) l~~ to measure, iio

T
ear, <q~~l~ 1W~> n~ birthday,

.,. ci
ni;.;:i
~
to cease, stop, ',in T

banquet, feast, nt)t!Q
k>wards, agamst, MN'Ji?? way, {\~ ,i.J~
- 99
27451HA
sweet, pleasant, ci:4 how ' ,"f~
~ '~i !~~ ci n~ '7ic~ i\110 ~VllH r:i-pi 1

rri!l; ~ ~ '"z:r~ 'y;.Jiln~ ;;t'p. '~ ~?;1 ,'nit ~
ci~ 'fl (1 .,;;i~'l Orf n~~Y ,,'.'.} 'ltl. nin~ Ci ,~~ ~~!IJ
"l!'in~ nm~q "?. no~ ,nici~ ritp n~1PT ~~ .2 C'Q"v.t' o~;
, 'Q~ n~i? ;.i~'b '- N':)pl nic'biJ ~ 'z:iin~ ~pl ~'.:l
nin~ .a .n'b::/? 'n~~J 'Qb n~ ;:i~ i~ ,~?t'J w ~ N~j
1J~'J ti'tL:i ;~ tt>l~ 1i'J!J;j i':i~? i~Ri'J if~~ ~ n~~ 'VJ
l~ ~~~ c~y;~~ .4 .;?11 n~ "i~~:i i1'"iJ tiv~ ?9;'.l
~'iM ~;J "'(~ ,ru~~ o'~'1 o''1i?~ ~p.~~B~ '~ ,~J:1 n"~
u?.~~ .., \lpi..~ C~Q ~':jQ Ut."?1? n~?~ 'i~ \lN N'1 lf~i:19
,,J-C,~c
1 T..
'~c
1T
~6i: ui.:ii':i
f"T:
o~?
T'
'o~
JT
N? on ?.:i~
T-:
,DJ"riN
T
cq"~.~ ~~ ~iJ li'~~ tl't;t~' '"'?io n~ '~~ i~~~ 1tt

,,.::lQI .s 'i."tl1Q. tmi ;;,Tl n~rn ,11111 n~1 oi;::i ~':'tQ 5 "l>1uTi
I
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"Q lT!lJi':t: : iQN"I_, '~'11..
?it ,~.n~ O~~ 'if1~Q '11!,~ f1 f'M:;
'Q nll;'-'? ;~,N :r~ 'i'.~.~ niN"}7 "'? jtll') lot? t:lt:t :iv~ ''~~
~ rdil'?~T

li"v.'~~lj

i1llTtNT ~ 'l'."Tl~Q

r:i~P-
J
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I
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'nriT,.
: iQW,. '?~ rQ~ll'! "J:lN~i-?7 fi Yji':i 1? i'l.~~1 i'll'~!:I N~~'\ "'Jft

Ni ;'?.:t l~~ ,'\nl;~ Di" n~ lh_; Oi,iJ7 'b7Jp ~~ !1~ '~~
D Oa - t of tbe i the .of ,,~ becomes -
- 100 -
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~i~ 'npi; N? ct;t ~ .9 C~~~ ii~#. n~P:~ ~ i1r!...

.n~~ 'F~ ;'?ip '~ ,111~~ i!:i~ N~~ ,"~l~~ ntn ~ti
ti~'!. ; .:l'~ttt zi~::J ~ .,i.lp; "z:iin~ ;:p?~ iR1~ ci:j .10
~"~ ~ '~'V1 ,"~~ .11 -~nti tlf~iJ f\'1:itt iu~ "'lie~t!
':T;.~
1
tt- .12 .t6 c~ 1l1'~

~n ?ii~

zi't:_t-T,, .'\rl'iN 'i~'
I
i,~ '~ ""n~ ~ iQ?~ ~tt ,~n ~ ,QVIJ Cl.?~~

'1;1.;)1 ~TiTJ i!lT~!:iQ
'z:!~~
'I nr-iTv_ '~ ,ikQ '~~. W.,."'1. q~
'r "~ ,"l'.'tzT~
'~ r:'?P~ T~J 1'P7t:'f 'P~~ zi~ "J:l'~~ t611 13 1\1'ii-,, v;
"~ 1~ zii"'l'bt\ t:1"tt-fQ1J: '? it~ "~~ .14 wmi.~ i'llt1t? ":,in~
'"1!!~ "i~;?
1. Hy aunt bought two little watches, one for me

and the other (second) for my sister; but my sister, see
ing (when she saw) that my watch was nicer than hers
(her watch), she lifted up her voice and wept ; then I
gave her my watch and she. stopped crying (to cry).
This morning we went around your whole garden and
(we) measured it ; it is bigger than our garden. S. My
uncle's little daughter fell out of the window and broke
her leg. 4. My friend David celebrated his birthsday
last night ; all our friends and relatives came to the
banquet and gave him beautiful presents; my aunt
also was there and she sang beauti~ul and sweet Heb-
rew songs. 5. Did you (m. p.) measure my room 1 6. No,
we did not measure it 7. This morning I got up at eight
o'clock; I put my clothes on and went outside, and
- 101 -
Digitized by Google
behold my uncle's son ran to meet me (against me) and
said that his father returned home and to-night he will
celebrate his birthday. 8. Friends, compass this garden
and you will find many pleasant flowers. 9. David, I
have seen your father to-day, and how did you say
that he did not return yet from his journey [way].
10. He returned (fl'9m his way] at 12 o'clock in the
night.
40.
Verbs ending in M drop the M oofore the suffix011
~f:', ? ~ CQ and 1~
to cut, M~
T
she cut, nni:::i I cut, ~.ni:::i

T !T
~
we cut, Ul1"1!1 you (m. s.) cut, .ni:::i
I: -T T1-T
you (m. p.) cut, Cl'.)1~ you (f. s.) cut, f'li:::i
:-T
you (f. p.) cut, 1~1.f he cut, ni:::i
-T
they cut, 'ni:::i

!T
The infinitive Construct is inflected like a noun.

our watching, '.:io~ my watching, ~orv
I"! T : T
your(m.p.) watching, c~;9~ your(m. 1.) watching, 11~~

your (f. p.) watching, 1~19~ your(f. s.) watching, 11~'
their (na.) watching, ciorv
T! T
his watching, iiorv
; T
their (I.) watching, 119~ her watching, MJ.Q~

T.T
102
Digitized by Google
FIRST . YE.AR IN HEBREW
To the Infinitive Construct the prefixes ~ 111~, of

as, 7to, and o than are added; as: -it't1 iOt!-11 when the
boy watched ; upiN"1:::l, as we saw ; ri;r/r:;> l~~ ri;,~~ .:lit:)
!f-~' it is better to sit in the garden, than (to sit) in
the woods.
The adverbs .:J and ~ with an infinitive may be

employed as an adverbial clause of time, the tense of
which will be the same as that of the principle cla-
use, as:--
cti~~ '1'."~~ , li~ 'Ji?~~

When I walked in the garden, I found flowers
C''!~~ N;r\~ '~ti ' l~~ ;:i-f~f

When I walk in the garden, I find flowers.
,tl'J:t1~ N1~~ 1 l~;:l 't'?~f
When I (will) walk in the garden, I'll find flowers.
dark, wn
.. to rest, roro T
branch, ttW Sabbath, roe'

T
companion, schoolmate, ..,~Q to create, N-ul

T
heaven, coro
,-T God, tl'i'.i?ti
.
half, <~in
:
,.niin>
-: in
.. .. ,m. -: light, iiN
n-iT12.~n
., "J.;n cv. ~~T~
:1:: , 'J:i.;i. tot~~. Q ~;o~. ~.. ri.:J'"
nY 'JN -: .1
,?ic~~ C~;l~ ~.i~ .2 ..:J~.~~ .nv.-~tt-(iJ il~~iJ "'tll. Cf .:l~..U
- 103 -
.nlit'Ni Mlrt! li'i!ly
Ci' ~ ~ \:~io '-i> lll,~ .8 9 ii~~ -'ti mi nf~ ~6 N?q

i'\~~ tr.ct;\~ ~~.f .4 .ci~iJ '~t'I ill. p'J ~~i t.?~ 'U~
,IJ',t:\ ~Q ~V,. n'J~ i.p~ 'li"i? .,~~ n~;:i~ 'l'.'.'~t'l ,\f~ ~
j~~ ~ ~ jnr!) ' ?iP n~ iVt?~? 'ti~ ' ?ip? N~~.)
'\n'\N 'Jkvf? M~~fl ':itt 'i1i, ':i~ .:lQ1~ 1~~~ ,':lf .G -ti;.~
iii,Ai'l ~JJ'f 'r,iM~ ~2~ .6 '~P,Q ':i~~ i~ti i~giJ ~1 ?ll
.,kt? N)'~ C';~o n~ Cf 'l)iN"J~ 'tt;l .n~~ 'J;iN C! ilQ~~
N';:t M1~t1; '~
; \:p?i, ~~ '1'Q~ 1"'1.~~rt n~~~ 1;.'tt>~ ,;-:~' .7
.n~ 'f.l'l'l~ r;i1~; .,~~ n~tt n~'~rt n~ Y7.i~.f i'rt/~~
10~9 ~ no~?.): nQ~~~ nj;:R il~0 N';:ttt n~~TP n~~Q .s
nN
:
i!:i~r'I,
: -
iiliN
T :1-
7\eni
-
i':'fn~wc
TT nnii.?
T : :
':"'II'!
:-
,ninW:i
:
0 ,-
11 0
r~ n~q n~~ t:l~~~tt n~ c;:t?~ ~+# Cl'~; n~.~r .9 ~~~'J

~~ l~~ ,iM.1N2r.t ~*Q 'l'.'.:;ltfiJ Ci~~ ~o/~ ,Cf,! ii?~ ?#
,.
:,;:,T. t>t;il' 'z;.'~1. nrn . ui:i;~. Cl~ ; roTr ii.tri
. Ci'~ t:l'J:l.:;litU .. . oi~
~'R ;ii10 .11 C'j~'7 li:it;'VIQ t:l'~l?~7 li'.19~ .:lit:l .IO i1~N~9
i~~ :l'J~# ti~1~f .12 l"l;f~ ;~~ n~~Q n';? .,;07? .,~.~ti
~~' "' n~i.:J itl;'~ n~.~" ; n~i.:l' .,g;v l~R. illf- il~i'.11 ,\l'~~
N'1 u,r.inT~~~

N-;l?7

"J:liN nnT 7~T

'Q~ ,, :iQN~l illJ.rt
I
1a.
I
iniN
tU'~~ 'd~~ i1~~~iJ .:J'tU~ "~~~ NJ; it~lLJ 1~~ riZiiN 'rJ~'i I
,1t'1 n~ '.:t.~~1 'iJ~l "fliIJ 'P.~11_ n~o c~ igivy iint0

'\N"1n ,"n'.:J~ ci~n c:ini'n~ ,'1ti .13 .in" m:iN n:i?'
; : - :: : 1:'1'
-
'' U"l~N
-,- :1-T 1T :
?~ ~f ,'tlilr.l ? '.lti~
11 io/ti nii~r;i~;:;! r~~~J ni.l~iJ n~
- 104 -
FIRST YEAB IN HEBBEW
,R~~ .Q'Pil .14 ."t'7i~ Ci' ri~ 'il31J-t ~I? ,~~ i11:/1!~'i1
'J?~9 1i~ ~.:i~tf~ t1D?7? iii~7il '-i1,~~1 lr.!7 "l)~~~ "~~
u~?,.1 c'~V~ 'ftt!l. '~ ririp ~~; m~~n '1~i:i-t U~~ $1
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.;i:1~it
T :jT-
:itt'.n
Tor-
U"'~~
,- :
cri'iN
T
cru.n
:,,.-
1. This morning when we were in your (. p.)

house, we saw the beautiful presents which your friends
gave you when they came to your birthday banquet.
2. We rest from our work to-day because to-day is Sab-
bath. 3. Because you . (m. 1.) cut off (of thy cutting
off) a branch of the apple tree when you were in the
garden, your father will punish you. 4. When my big
sister went with me to the forest, I feared greatly
[very] because it was dark outside. 5. In 6 days God
created the heaven and the earth: on the first day he
created the light, and on the sixth day he created the
man. 6. My friend (f.). when you return home from
school, we will go together to my aunt. 7. Why
did you (f. p.) rest yesterday, my friends? 8. We rested '
only till midday because our teacher was sick. 9. It
is better to study lessons than to read books. 10. When
I went to school, I met my companion David. 11. When
you (f. s.) know your lessons, the teacher loves you.
12. My father gave me a nice red apple, and I cut it
into two (C"Jri;~) and gave one half to my school-mate
Jacob and the other (second) half to my sister.
- 1011 -
Digitized by Google
13. When you (m. p.) take my book, please don't tear
lt. 14. When my little brother heard that he will
have to stay in his room alone at night, he feared great-
ly. 15. When he went with me to the garden. he took
Hebrew books along {with him) and we read many
sweet and beautiful stories.
-100 -
Extracts for Reading.
,niN ?ti)~ TI?~ tperi :i.;;;i ii~1' .~in'?# :J?l;I P~r.

I".,~ ..,~~,,"' p~~". u.~1 l!J n~,, ;iniN 'itct?41 ,,1 ii~t'l
il~ n~~" ".in, N~PT .,~.~ N'1 U~f ~t'I N?4., P!;''r, iVV
PO~~ n~~ "1 "1~f 1J?eri . ~ ,n~ ntfM ~ .?ttty't'
..,~ n"~ "~~; ~~ ?ti"~~ ic~c ?lt .:l;l~ .,!;'~ ~

C"1"Q7~ .b'O!:t n!.;171 n~ 'VP~ i~~r:i n:~ ...,:Q~t;\ .?w b'Oi:i
: ~"Nn
T
riN
.
,,,~~
-:T
C"i"~'.nn
:--
iDCn
""(-
M".::10

'~r
:T
C'IWfMN
T-:
C".:l!litzf
T
~~"~ "~'" ;cv~ :i4vT ~"~01 "? .,..~~ ;ttic ~ c2 Q1~'?q,,

. ''~+~r;i ri~ niN"J? t!~f "Q-.O , ,.."111,:ti"
l) Won19 to h loaad la tlM seneral Yocabulal')'. J) DW . - ......
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~~- * ~~ '~ ~N~?~ ~;1 ~?~ '~'"' -'PP:.
fT T 'J~,,
". 'i."'1'\N 'l"INXO ....;
iON
- T
?~o~
;
",ir\'iN 'l'i."'tlC 'JN,, iCN
JT T -: - T
,~~ ,~~ "~tl n~,, .,~~ ?~o~ "n~~ MQ~,, "lQ~ ::!P.Jr-
~r ~?Q N) ?tt 'ti~,, : .,~N'' o~~ .,~1 ~ ~' ,op~~:~
fiJNi1
::T
nN
:
\lr'IJ
:T
O'ill.34,
"T:-
"~lit:)?
:
o:i?
':T
iW1N ':lj~' ,riJNi'1
:;. 'jT: ::T
M: ''
'7?q ~ JOO. ,'iniN ~tf~l liJ~p l"I~ ~P.itdij Mj'.!,_ ~~itU~
;:;,;n ~~' ~tp'? ltli '~'-u ~~~ n~' .::ip~ i1;1~;;r n~7P;tt
i? i'f.~1 'i;ltt ",O~t;'t$ 't;>~; i~~ ? MP-~
~~~ q~ ~ niif ,~ru'? in~Q ?1t l~f'.P t}Qi' ni?!z~

-1 1f nrsh,,
~~i' ,...i., TtT
'iliit-t ?Nru~,
-:-
,n&-tt nNi
TT
''::ltt
T
.,'!>;
0 T-
mr-10
r i'!tniN
T
i;!l/t. ii~~" : iQN!I). i~p;t 1~,~ "1 rq:~~ nNtQ q~iJ ,'~'~I:i
'!)~ ~ ? i1~~y N? ':J~ '~~? C';i~ O'?~~~ it~::t;i ,,~_?~
''I;' o'?~~n~ i'!tj ~~~ ~tt n~ i1JiV- 'r:)J?P~ T~?l ,09~
"i1fi'1 rf:t,J,.~
:- na-
- 108
,~it) i?.~. ,'? tIJ '7 -19

:i""1~ tt? ctjf rie p'iy
f'i~ p'J -:r~q~ t~
.f'M' tl_i ,l'i~~~ Ci
;io?~ c~ <1 il~R'N 'l

"ib~ c.~rirt ?lZ T~
- 7ip:r Mil!~ ?~ ?il. CJ
;~~.? 0~~ \? 10 it'
ii~tf~' i'l~~1 il~~Q i'\9,!J i'l1.~~ il~~y NJ~ iiel

tolZ.q ''Q ,;~ r:J~~ ?v_ c;~ ,~ n~19 iie,a .c~~ '~ N?
,~~LI
I
19 ri'inrq~1

i~iJ ':fin ~~ Ni.:iT? ;hT~T'

It~ i'\9'1' .c~oT I
<1 i?.~t:il .riiJ~R 0'~1~ .,;e'l't:t iiOR~ .,1 il"-r0 i~iJ '~ '~
.n~~ .,;e11:11 ,i;ia '~ iv_ ' 11T c~~iJ .,~iJ ':!'in ?~ l~iN
(.,~Jt '1DCn~)
1) As .,~:C. 2) Aod ca~
109 -
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~ tJ~ tl'1 ,tnpQ C"P.ZJ9~ .c~ iot'J ~f).:'! 'T!1
ctfr .. 'I~ j'1~~9 "' jt"~ iot?1 '1~11Til~:;! , ..~~ 'I~ ,f, ~
i~-:o '/, mm, 1i'1R:i"7 "'l"Vh> 11~ l"l'.Ji, Ni:lf'1 (1 D~iJ '~ ~~
:~ ~~::> ~.p;i np~, l"l\l,P{J ~.rt :i.pp.~:3 r;i ,,~ ~
" '? 1W:t:! C~~ DJ D"P.11t?~ ti~ .i.'.:171 "\Q~ "1t:I'!"~
ni.:l;t? ~~f?' 1.:lirt1# iQ;p "~~ lP..lr l'ti!1'\ N':t'l 'ir.li>~t "(1;'.i
'7 Mtf.~: 1 "~~: !l~4 N? llJ,, : b~-f "111. "'l~N'). D"'111Pi1 ~
t'H CW. Cl ~~ iit!J lP.!P "~~.. '~~~ nt'? !li?!l tt?4 t D"f?~O
r,t:! :iJ*.:i lP.!!z. i~ mil~~ i~. l\;! ,n~v,. l~ !l~Q ,~~;:, +,
(2 !l?. !li?O~ t.J~ Yr).
~ tci.Q tt\'1 . ti'~~ i~ ~"'\1 ii~ ri~ Cf i~~ "'t'J.l

"p "~ ,.,~ti )9 n~?~iJ 11; ~ (5 N"rii17 ?!:>~ &o6 ?.fl~ ,DpQ 'ie~
~Ji~ ~ ~l ,~,~ ?ip~ "'1W1J pi:r.1 "'11 :-t:Q ~~ti
~Q ~ :i~p D~,, : i'l':f9~1 ili{tl~ .~4~ il~~T "'l~!i ~
,~tl lQ 1:~ ~ N'':fiil? ';~~ t~ ,zyw~ -.~
D . . . 41117. 2 ) Alld laappy. .f.J Take out
- 110-
Digitized by Google
PIBST YEAU I.N HEBR.B W
.-.,; c~ ''"#i 'af

,n~ .,~e;c ~?i
~ (I C"jv ~t'1J ~.
-~~J~~
TT.
mi"JT'I
T -r:
*
,vnc~
tT<
ct'
T
,mN!i
p-f"
~
T
- ,nm
TT
n.nc -nev
T.. "
rtrnN
T
i"lN.,
T T
-';--
l_:;..: ..,W"
"'tt
i1'1' c" ~
,"~~"I cn.t'~ aci_) .,rr'~ i1!01' ;~ PWP \~'

"'? ~i ~~,, .,~."" ~TI rv.. ,.,R,Tf "~i] '~ ""1 '"IQ~
"t nt~ ~ m~ ~:Y ;~,, c~tt,, ,;\~'J <2 'l"Q\, ....,.,~
;~'t .., '\"if'l nl'tJ ~ rv.4 ~ i!:ltt!~ ;;vi.=t ~fl~,
."'!'.>; i6i=mitt "ipil;'z ..,~;:;i r~ 'fie':\~., ~1'
- 111-
_ 01 9itized by c;;oogle -- - --~

~71T <1 ~~ r:m '~ t'.11 ,~rllo rti~rp Pri, ~J
li~~ ~tt "1>; ~~:t? n9~0 ~ < .,.fJ ~ ,'Ito .,~
-w>
',;~ ~ n~-~ n~~: hnii'J ~f ;y ,~v !~

..;:r,T ~'::la ~
'T T1'."T"
9 1~; ~Q "v.7~ T~n.n~-~ 1 i\'1~-~ : ~D ~~

1J.r~ .,~ i~N' c~ ,;q:,~ 1~~ -ietr?;I: rp~~ N? ~'J
t.NU '~D 'f~
-
~NT '?' - -;997 J"l~' '~~~ ,~~ : i1-P:Ni)M~ i1~T
~ ~ 'lf0 .:l~~tO '"l~,. ~N '{~': C,- i~90 "J~ M~'
! 1t\t! ,~~ ,"'\:i C'~1~: C1:J''.?~: (3 ~fPtt?
iJ'*: ?1 '7'fi311 iit. li~~-?' .~q~o . ?tc n~~R- np:~Q ~

i"MMN
T ,.-:-
)) And lie leaned. :! ) Was brolr.r.a, 3) To throw.
- 112 -
Digitized by Google
MORAL SAYINGt:>
1. Be diligent to leam the

Torah. l"t1in iV:J~ -np' iWt (l
i. The day ie short, and the ~~1Z? n1N~Z?r:1 it~ mo t2
task is great, and the ;
reward is much.
!
I
.il~lrt Wt'l
i
8. If thou hast leamed much j o~lnil
:
:i.::iin
-:-
ni'\n
1'
n'ic~
T:-T
ete

cs
Tomb, they give thee I
much reward.
I
i! .n~;::J "11' i7
4:. He who acquires much I .o~ n~lQ ~ n~~ ('
Torah, acquires much life. l
6. Betake thyself to a place
of Torah.
M1in tripq~ $ it'.!] (5
6. who is wise 1 He that

leams from evtiry man
1 O~~ .,,Q iQ'iC,.:J D~Q \i.,t~ (6
7. The bashful is not apt to

leam.
."TQ? 1r:~1 ~ <1
s. Whoever fulfils the Torah . i!lic ~ ~ ~qtt ~ ~ (8

in poverty, will at length 1
.~gri~
fulfil it in wealth. I
9. Great is the Torah which i ~IJ'il tfl;:l~ i17U" n?i,~ (9
giTes life to those who i
.~,1'? D~~
possess it.
IO. No meal, no Torah; no C&r\: i11'\n l'~ MQP... rt! ~ (10
Torah no meal
"QR. r~. n+in r~
11. If thou hast practised "."~ i1::lii1
:-
iliin M"'tC.,
~T: T
ON (11
Torah much, claim not
merit to thyselt, for the
reunto was thou created. j .r-\iliJ
T :T
- 113
Digitized by Google
12. Do not say, when I have .n~i)~ mAMr.;? ~ 'tt (12
leisure I will study. ,. 'i W-\9'i
13. H BM now, when \
14. H thou idlest from the i'? ~~ l"1".)'iA1 l~ ~ Cl~ (H

Tmah, thou will
have
many against thee idlers. -~.:a D'~~f
15. Excellent is the study of :p~ op n1ir-i -nc?.1,:1 n~~ <i5
the Torah together with
worldly oooupation
16. Where there is no .Torah .I r~~ T.l::J i'~ ;r:;in r~ t:ll;t (16
there are no manners. i
And Where there are DO
ners, there ts DO Torah.
-

!j nii.n 1'~ ~ :P:t r~
T
Oll;t1

17. He who learns as a lad, j ;i~'~ i'1~ n~i":1 ~. ,P.obiJ .17

to what is he like ! To ink I T ..
I
written on fresh paper. tP..t iQi~iJ1 , etil) ,,~ ~~
And he who learns when i T. T.
old, to what is he like ! i'J ~~ it.:JV'l:J M~

To ink written on used i T: T : : :
itO,,
paper. I i
!
18. Quick to hear and quick 1, i:nN', ,,nc' Piord':> 'W'i~ (18
to forget, his gain is
.
! -:
I
T - : T
cancelled by his loss. I

I
lt. Slow to hear and slow I ,~? il~R1 ~~ ii~R. (19
to forget, his loss is can- l
. gam.
celled b1 h is 1 .,i!)~~ i1C!lit Nl'
I T : ' T TT
to. WhoeTer hath forgotten

one word of his study
I1ruett:lO inN ~':J n:rtwn ~.'.:) (20
T: T: TT- - T
~hey account it t<? him a~

if he were gmlty of i
I . "~!lJ.3 ~..
1
'"'"' ,~.'.:)
.U-a"":'
:-: :
death. .
il. Whosoever works are
'
i'~=l~Q. C'~l~ i~Jl~~ ?~ <21
~-11' ~
Digitized by Google
.FIRST YEAR IN HEBREW
in eicess of his wisdom,

hi wisdom stands.
~Rr;q 'int;~
22. Not learning, but doing
is the principal thing.
~P;QiJ ~1~ .,p, ~ll?tt .c, \ ::::! ~
23 Great is the Torah which ,:r? :ir~:s ~'in n'?tr~ c2a

brings to action.
24. With whomsoever the UC'it

"l"
itnil
T
.n'Pi.li1
:-
m-.rt/
- :
"~T (24
spirit of mm is plea-
sed the spirit of GOO is
pleased.
25. Let the honor of thine
associate be as the fear
of thy master; and the
fear of thy master as the .C~~Vf N1io~ ii11 Njie'
fear of Heaven.
26. He who learns from his ,;,~~ 'i11~ p;,~ '\~Q. ,r:?,;CI (26
companion one section,
even one word or one 1,-,l ntttc niN i:-t ~~ "'li.l1
letter, is bound to do him ii.:U> u lhl?
T :
honor.
27. Be beforehand in saluting .CW i,f Ci~~~ C"!i?9 i'1.'1.!] (2'
every man.
28. Receive every man with ., ~~f 01~ "f ~ '>~P-9 ~!J: (2S
a pleasant expression of
mE>"T C'.le
'T
countenance.
2\). Judge every man in the ti;l7 c~~;;s '~ TltJ n 11'1.!::l (29
scale of merit. .J'"A!)l
30. Judgenot thy friend until P'}r.Vj ip ;t;.t':f~ f'1t' i,tc <80
thou comest into his place.
~~
31. Keep afar from a ~ad \ i~IJr;'Lr:\ ?~i: "\. l~Q P'JiP (81
neighbor, and associate
- 115 -
not with the wicked.
'9~1?
I
II. If I am not for myself i'
who is for me. ~ 'C ' ?. '~.. 1'~ C~ (32
33. In the place where there '1n~0 c'~~ r~~ o;p 9 ~ (33
am no men endeavor to
be a man. ~ rn~ij?
8'. Regard not the flask but ii~f N~~ lP...fP.~ '~f:\ ';~ (34
what is therein.
. . ~3 ~~
au. Say little and do much. ~n~11. ;i;tPi. ~~9 io~

.. (35
36. Pray for the peace of the
government. ~~ rt9i~~~ ~ ~] (3H
.ru?o
37. By three things is the
c~11~ c~1 mt:'tt~~ (37
world prese"ed: by truth,
by judgment, and by -~1'11"'1v?!11 n~~y-';' ci~
peace. .O~ii
r -
38. Who is rich He who re-

joices in his portion. .ip7~~ MP.'LI .,.~~ "-ir~ (38
89. Who is honoured1 He who -~~ ,~~t?LI 'i~p \'if~ (39
hcnours others.
.rn~~:r
40 Who js mighty He who
subdues hi8 passions. .
. ~il'-nN
: ... rtJ.:i~n
.. - ..,i.:lJ. : .. <40
\'irN
41. Despise not any man,

for there is not a man that l,~~ 01~ ':t7 '1 "~ ~ <41
~ not his hour.
.iii~ ,, rte~ 01~ l?
t 0. Separate not thyself from
the congregation. iuci lQ rdii:' ~ <42
- 11b
Digitized by Google
FIBBT YEAB IN HEBREW
'
VOCABULARIES
Hebrew-English Vocabulary.
few, some, C..,MN
T-:
eleven,~ NJ~ ,~p io~ father, .::lN

T
meadow, 'MN to lose, i~N

1T T
sister, <nrnN)
T-:
ninNT but, C,.::iaic
T-:
behind, after, ~~ ,'1!'Jtt stone, (f.) C'~~ pl. l~~
another, .,tltt nut, ri.l~
where (is), I ii~~ cent, m'i.lN

T -:
what, which, ~rN

,nt'N
y ... sir. roaster, tii~
how, 'f~ man, ciN
TT
there is (are) not, r~ red, ciN

T
I have not, ~ r~ to love, .:inN

T
see ~~ ,;il't,t j>0rhaps, ~N

man, e''~ to hurry, l''N
only, but, l! light, .,iN
to eat, ;~N then, fN
T T
farmer, peasant, "'UlN

T ear f. (c~;r~> l~
to, at, ;~ brother, MN
T
not, ;~ one, (f.) NJt! ,(m.) "lQ~
- 118
Digitized by Google
PIRBT YEAB IN HEBBEW
HEBREW-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
earth, land, ~
... these, rDN
......
woman, wife, nrtJN
T God, C';:ti~
who, that, which, "1~~ thousand, OJ'~~) t}.~~
sign of the object, ri~ ,ri~ mother, Cnit;)~) c~
you (s. ), r;i~ ,n~tt if, Cl~
you (p.), 1~~ ,ct:'~ to say, 'iCN
T
yesterday, ?ici;i~ troe, ri~~

see, NlT 1N:N
TT
in, with, .:p we, UMJN
:a-:
jn, with the, :!l ,:!l I, '~~
T -
garment, i.u
...,... pl of rd'~ ,c~~
to come, Nb to gather, qo~
idle, ?tol four, V~l~ i1~1~
"" T
before, cito:!l
{ .," n+'~l~
....... :
house, (C'Ml) ri~l
fourteen,
T - M1ft/~ V~1~
school, i!:lo ti'~ forty, C'v.-1~
:r ..
to weep, ii!ll meal, nmiN
T T -:
still, riNr ?:i~
T; breakfast, "lR.f.1 l'llJ'i~
to build, iiJ~ supper, ~~ lirJ'i~
T
pl. of ~ .riiJl dinner, D..,,"Tr.1 MriN

T 'ITT:T- - -:
through for, i~~ lion, "'1~
- 119
o;9 ;1;zedbyGoogle
i'1 l ' ft' Mi M l rt' .n ~ ., !l l7
who, ~hat, which, i'1

T
,;i
- morning, "iR?
he, N\, to create, K'i;i
she, N~iJ daughter, ri~
to be, ~i'I duck, rtnN-n.::l
T T:- -
to-day' C'\Si) J
well, .:lfP.'i:I big, large, ~,3
T
to go, f'Q also, even, Ci

they, Jr.I ,cu to finish, ic3
T
behold, here is, n~n garden, l~
mountain, hill, "'\,J thief, .:Jl.i

T-
, ........ ' ...

_,,ch ---._~. '
, grain, 1'1(1~
bear, (C'.r-'0
and, ~.~ ) ,, 1 . \ .:li
word, thing, cause, ~,
l TT
this, Nh il.J uncle, 'iii
to remember, ~T aunt, mi':J
T T
old, JP..1 ink, i'1

to throw, P!1 door,
n way,
beloved, .:l'.:JM
'T
n
companion, school-mate, .,.:Jn
"'T
the, n ,;iT ,jT
-
holiday, .l!1 to introd. a question, il ,;i ,jT
T -;
- 120 -
Digitized by Google
FIBBT YEAB IN HEBREW
store, n-cnT to celebrate, l.ln

T
to desire, want, f!1~ to cease, stop, 'tm

T
...
half, 'ln ,'m
-:
room, ,
"'\in
.. ...
diligent, f'iQ new, Vin
TT
winter, q~p month, rdii'l

....
to think, :iC'nT sand, 'nr1
arithmetic, ~~\I sick, ;i'nn
...
dark, ':I~ out of doors, outside, ~
strong, ptn
TT
w sink, ll!:l~ to sin, K?on

-T T
good, :ii~ anim1:11o~, beast, ;in

T-
to taste, Cl~ life, C"-!I

T
., w .;ea, smart, c:in
TT
to get weary, ll,l' milk, ~'m

IT '"T
hand, f. (C'.,') ,, to get sick, ;;';in

rT - T
chum, i'1~ window' r6ri

to know, UilZj) JQ~ to dream, c~n
"f
day, (C'O') Ci' ' warm, D11

"T
birthday, ni~n
...,..... Ci' five, rvon
T
,n:;on
T '-:
together, ,1ry~ ,,~ fifteen, n"Jtp~ rv~.q ,ifVV nfQQ

wine, 1~.~ fifty, c~
- 121
Digitized by Goog Ie ,_
.nJ~ttNi nJrtJ ni:lv
HEBREW-ENGLISH VOCABU1.ARY.
already, long ago, i:i!l

T:
can (11.), ?!>-T
pitcher, i~ child, ~
T:-
,-r;..
:r.
cup, glass, CU see ~i"I
'I'T ,(""""')
~r..
,"'ft'i
=vT
power, strengt~, n~
-1
bag, 10,,7~
because, that, ~ because, (~) lP.~
but, c~ ..~ forest, woods, ~
,-
6'f'e'l"f, all, whole, ';i.:l) nice, beautiful, i'1El"
T ."T
dog, :i?!l
...,... to go out, (nN:t)

MrT
cage, :i''ti dear, ip~
how many, i"IQ.:l) to fear, .Ni-
T- T
see .p ,it:)f to go down, descend, i"i"

T
yes, so, l.. green, P1:

wing, ~~ there is, are, ~~
chair, to sit, dwell, (l'\:lfd) :J~
: . .
(l"\'iNC!l) Ntl.:l)
.. :1: T
spoon, hand, ~ I have, "'? ~~

village, iE>!l
T:
I
I
old (not new), T?d'"
TT
pillow, ~ to sleep, tit';

to cut, ni!l
T
to write, !il"\f as,~
'
when, as, ~~~
to, f~r, belongs, to, ? as soon as, 1~ ~~~
- 122
Digitized by Google
very, "iNf? te the.~ ,7

hundred, MNC no, not,~
T
something, nc~c
TI :
188 nlN
TIT
ia6
T:
from, llt~ heart, .:l?.

food, 'J:t-tc
T-:-
alone. ,.;l?
tWO hundred, D'n.~c
1- T
white, l~
to measure, iicT to put on, clothe, 'd.:l~
T
black-board, aJate, crnm?> m~

why, ~Q
-.
what ' how t nc
:
,ncT ,,~- bread,
.
crt,
.......
quickly, M'N~
T :
,.,,,C
-
M>, for me, mine, ~
teacher, m'\C ,,,.,,c

T :
at, by, i~
copybook, n~c
........ : - night, m,-,- .7'.,!1
to-morrow, "'\MC
T
therefore, l~~
bed, i1?!>C to learn, study, ic~
T T
who t '9 see me ,:iw~

.. - TIT
water, C'C whoeet who has, '~?

r
to sell, ~c
T
before. at, '~~~
letter, ~c
T: to take, (rii:JP.1 o~~
work, n:l~~c
T T:
against, t.oward. MN'l?~
eandy, C'P.tlqQ c
see Q 1~ from, than, p ,Q
- 123
_s:;oogle
Digitized by
--------------------------
sweet, C'llJ lamp, candle-stick m'ilc

'T ' T :
io be pleasant, . CVJT a little, tlll_Q

boy, iz,'~ numner, "1900
T;.
I
girl, niuJ
T;
to find, N':l=
T
. to fa.11, ?!)JT feast, MrU~

.: .
to carry, NfoJT dead,~
pt of nrz>N
T
,C''" J
,, T
when I 'l'lO
-T
. . to kiss, ptef4 present, rtJMC

Tr -
to gin, suffer, (tir:i) fn4 l

c please, pray, NJ
T
to surround, J.!lcT to Dark, tit~

around, J,:o
T
touch, ~.lJ
IT
to shut. close, -UcT approach. come near, tti.lJ
T
horse, o'c alms, i1J.,J

TT;
to depart, to turn in, i' to lead, .lhJ

T
basket, ~~ to rest, lie, nu

-,
story, tale, .,,er;> to flee, OU
brook, ~m
book, i!lO
:, -,
to number, i!lO
T
lovely, .,cm
..
T
paper, i'J
':J 1';
to pass. i!l~ to travel, ~J

tT
- 124
Digitized by Google
l'IBST YEAB IN HEBBEW
pencil, ~V. Jew, ":9V.

tree, yv. J eweae, 1'1.;'!TV.
iazy, idle, ~~V till. ~
to pluo&: up, i'V how long, "~ "i~
evening, .:lJ~ Jnore, yet, still. again, iili
to do, make, nft'~ 'fly. ~;;
rich, .,~~~ ' leave, jfl?T
ten, ~
'W,... ,mft'~
TT
to hel~ i~
f:enty, C""'}~~ pen, t:)v.

now, n.ny
T ere <'> #<c::nl l ~~
iired, tr~
to meet, rdl8T city, town, ~
mouth, <-:r~ ~---"~)

here,
n'ne because, for that,
on, upon, ~
i.ri, ?~
elephant, ?~~ about, concerning, ~1 ;~
lest, l~ with, t:IJi
face, C'~eT to stand,-ib

~ answer, iiJV
time, Cl'e
cow, ~f
.- poor, "1i
flower, me
-.... lnnch, ~
' .......,, l*li
- 125
Digitized by Google
HEBREW-ENGLISH VOCABULARY,
cold, 1~ I morsel, zi$

to read, ~ J'\~) NiR. to open, [Iii@
f T
. call, L,) .
to (~ '{ NiP,.
near, r0Iative, ~iiP,. to neigh, ~m
T
chalk, Jito'1R noon, c...,m

' 1TT:T
P"1
, to tear, ltiP,.
to see. nk'iT
I
to laugh,
shadow,~
thirsty, Net
T
looking-glass, ~Ni .)' oung, i~l!1
bead, top, ~Ni toy,~~

first, JirdNj bird, 1i&1
many, c~~'J
narrow, it
fourth, n~v.~7 ,~v.i~i .
foot, (/.) cc.,i,Ji)
,-: - ',Ji
: ~
voice, ',;p
m0ment, second, V~'J. to anse, get up, C'i'
r I
to run, f'1 little, small, lTOP,.
street, :liMl summer, r.n
lj"-
merciful, c,n'J shell, n,~P:
far, pin~ to buy,;;~
to wash, rrq to jump, rbP,.

to quarrel, :l..,. to be angry, C':Il> ~
126
ffEBREW-ENGLlBH VOCABULARY
black. i'inrtl
T
tender, eoft, (,~) 'f.!
to put, ctt bad,~
to mind, care for, ::b c~;
T
friend, (.) r,:l
to sing, .,\, hungry, :lv.J
"T
song, m~r1
T
'i\fU

friend, (f.) rnvi
to fie, recline, :i~tzl
T
only, P'J
to forget, n~tzl
-1 T 10
peace, welfare, ci'lrd
T
to ask, borrow, ;N~
to send, mtzl
-,T question, 1Vtc~
table, lQ?~ week,N~
-,,
third, 11"'/t~~ ,. ~~7~ seventh, rrv.'~ T~tP . .
tnree, ~?tzl nrU';itzl seven, Y~'!/ ~=?~
T T ;
thirty, C";t':iVf seventy, Cl"V,~tP

there, Ctzl to break,. "'\!ltzl
T T
eight, n,T\cV}

,n.:ic?V'
T
to rest, rot T
eighty, c\;'iotp 1
to rejoice, n~~ field, tn~
-,T :T
joy, itMO~
T;
to return, :i'td
heaven, c\~rz; rough, :i:ii~
,-T T
eigMh, n".rQrp ,..~\Q~ fox, ':ill'tzl

T
k> hear, understand, ll~~ judge, t)~~
- 12'/
Digitized by Google
llnmlw-E!TOLISH VOCABULARY.
Hebrew, VJ rt>r to obey, "'P? or ~~ ~

liar, nR~ to watch, keep, 'icf
six. 'd'd

,ntl?'d
T
IUD, 'tk;/f!
abih. rt'f~ 1"'1!~ "*h, (f.) ~
sixty, C'~~ year, 'f\~

to drink, 4'in'd
T
aleep, (.) i\To/i
8etl T:I:fVl I ~nttt ,c;p~ second, tr1// ,'~'I!
n iwo, ''-'f .~~
kernel, into, ':Jin hoar, m TT
under, mn watch, fi~

-.-
pap!, ;rrc71:\ i'Q~~ ~ "'nW.
always, i'cn language, lip) ~
"T TT
apple, me.n
- I -
Sll'V&nt. nn~
T:
mne, n'O ,~~ to judge, ~
ninety, C~(' to api11 OB~ --~
- HI -
Digitized by Google
FIRST YEAR I.N HEBREW
English-Hebrew Voca.bulary.
approach, see come near A
arise, ." about,~~
arithmetic, }'b~O afraid Che), see fear
around, ~".::lD
"T
after, Jr!~ ,-ir:i~
as, p.~.p again, see more
as, see when, against, M"JP.'?
as soon ae, 1t' ~~.; all, see every
ascend, see go up alms, M:lil
w,""'7/J
1 r.
alone, i;,~
at,~ ,~ already,~
T.
also, ~
B
bad,~ always, "'rCA
T
bag, r>-.p7- and,J ,~,) ,, }

bark (to), ~ angry (be), t\JR,
basket, 'Jo animal, ;pn
T-
be, ii'O. another, im~
bear, !:>~ answer (to), :-UV

beast, see animal anything, see eoo>ethmg
beautiful, itf; apple, ~
r29 -
Digitized by Google
.nJ"~'Mi MJtt;
--------
n~"'l:l~
ENGLJSB-HEBRl:W VOCABULARY
but, ~ "1 ,C,~ because, ~~ ;q_ ,~~ ~

buy,~ bed, ~c
; .
by. i!/ before, D:J~t "tt"'I?
beginning, see head
a
behind, see after
behold, i"l~rt
beloved, .:l~.::in
' T
candy, Df?~ big, 'n.,l

/
care for, ':l'J D~ bird, .,;ei

carry, Nftt;i birthday nJ?~ D1'
cause. see word. black, "\in~
T
cease, 'Jin
T
blackboard, tJb
celebrate, lJ'1 book, "\)0
......
T
cent,~ borrow, see ask
chair, N~~ boy, "'IU~

I
chalk, ~!l'?i( branch, ~~

child, rrf1. ,-f1t
r.- '
break,~~
T
chum,~ breakfast, ~)ti l'l.J"'"M., .,

city (f. l "'rP brook, ~J"P
close, see shut brother, nf
clothe. aee put CID build, ~
IJO -
FIRST YEAB IN HEBREW
.l!.liGLIBH-HEBREW VOOABULABY
do (to),~ cold, 1?.

dog, ~;;, come, l'ti3
...
door, n!:t
.,. come back. see l'Btum
dream (to), c?tl come near, rillT
drink (to), rtri~ companion, ~
'"T
duck, i"lnN-l'\3
T:- -
concerning, see abou.t
dwell, see to sit cow, me
TT
E create, Ni~
ee.r, wit
t-:-r cup, c'U>
earth,~ cut, nt.u> T
eai (to),~~T
D
eight, ~C~ ,il~Crz! dark, ~ 1"'1in;'
eighty, c\~' daughter,~
eighth, ~rQ'/ ,n\rt:;' day, c;~
elephani, ~~ dead,~
eleven, ~ iti~ 1il'Jft{i m~ dear, -i~

else, see more depart, see tum .Jl
even, see also descend, see go down

evening, !l~ desire, fElQ
every, ~f diligent, f'iiJ
ere, 11 dinner, D~-it;i ~
jTT: T- 'L" ..,
.
131 -
Digitized by Google
for, "'IP-" . ~ ,~
forest, see woods face, o~~,
;glT
.
forget, t9' fall,
forty,~~ far, pif11

four, p~ ,.~J1l' farmer, "itft .
fourt~, T;7 ,nT~ father, .:iN
T
fox,. fear, th~

T
friend, tn.'rnvi.
f
feast, il~JdQ
from, ~ 11~ ,lltip few, C""ln~
T-:
fruit, .... field, ni~
."T
fifty, c~~~IJ
gard~. p fifth, n~~~pq ..~
garment, n"I find, NlO
'!1f
gather Cto), qc~ finish, ic, T
get up, see arise first, ~tt'N1

girl,
.
~!.
T
five, n~~n ,tt/go
I
give, 1nJ fletJ, D'l
glass, see cup flower, MJ,lt
go, -p; 'W fly (to}, q'v
go down. Tc food, ;~ 0
God,~ \foot,;~
132 -
Digitized by Google
PIRST YEAB IN HEBREW
~GLISHHBBBXW VOOABUL.&&T
house,
.
11"~ good, .:lilO
how, T~ go out, N~
T
how ! see what 1 grain, rv.tt
how long, "r"O ii: green, pii~
-T -
how many, ilW.l)

T- H
hundred, ilNC
y
half, 'm
.-'~m
... I
hungry, .:i~ band, i~ ,~.
I hasten, f'M
I, '~ he,~~
idle, ~~~ head, rzjN-,

idle, ~; hear, v._~~
if, Ott heart, .:i?.
in, ~ heaven, ~~~'
ink, t;t help, "iTlZ
T
intend, see to sa Hebrew, "l~P. nPfJ "1;'11V. ;ip~

J here, iie
jew, "i.~V. here is, see beholci
jewess, n~i.:iv
y;.
hill, see mountaia
joy, nnott!
T:
holiday, ltl
judge (to) roer horse, c'c
judge, ~'irzj hour, nVJt
133 -
ENGLISH-HEBREW VOCABULARY.
lie,~ jump, rE>P,.

life, '-' K
light, .,~ keep, see watda
like. see as kemeL ~
lion, ~: kiss, ptd/
little, lPR know, Y.1"
JT
little (a), !:)~

I
looking-glass, "N1 . .'
lamp, mi.le
T ;
long ago, see already land, see eanh

lose (to), -ON language, i1fl~
T
love, :L,N large, see big

T
lovely, .,q~~- laugh, ph

lazy, see idle
M
mad (to be), see angry lead (to), J,,.
make (to}, see do leam, ic;
't
man, ~N

,c.,N
TT
leave, .:it
many, D"~1. lesson,,,~
meadow, '"N lest, l~

JT
meal, nmiN
T -:
let, see give
measure (to), ii9 letter .:J~Q
meat, ~lB liar, PRrri

T
114 -
Digitized by Google
ENGLJSB-Hll:BREW VOCABULARY.
no, "'
noon. W"i"Y
"TT
I merciful, Dytl
milk, .:lr,n
TT
not,;lt, see no moment, Vli
-,...
now, n.nv month, td'in
T ...
number, ,,~9 more, ii~
number (to) "'lOO morning, 'iR~

T
nut, ri.l~ morsel, .iif!
0 I mother, c~
obey, 'lip? or 'll~t ~" mountain, 11'
old, lP.J,. mouth, ii~
old (not new), l~' much, i1~7''J

TT
on, ;ll N
one, intt
T'."
,MN
- -
only, ':Jtt P:l near, .:liiR.

open (to),~ neigh (to), ~MY
T
or, see if new, ~in
Tr
outside, rm nice, see beautiful

p night, ;,; ,;i;~
r T:1-
paper, i'l
T: nine, nr~ ~f:l
parents, ni.:tT ninth, ._.~ftif' 1 M'"1'
pass, i!li ninety, ..
cw.n
135 -
o;9 ;1;zedbyGoogle
,, question, ;~"
peace, Di~~
quicly, .,,,c
-
,m,,c
-r:
peasant, see farmer
R pen, ~V.
read, (~ 'f) M'i~ pencil, lii@V

red, C"tN perhaps, ~2'iN
T
regard, see ~ for pitcher, i~
rejoice, nb~
-,T please, N3N ,N.l
TT T
relative, !i'i~
r,.
pleasant, see sweet
remember, -tlT pleasant, (tu be), C!:l
T T
request (m.) see question pluck up, '1PV

rest (to) rord T poor, '~
rich, ~~i pour out, ':Jbi*
room, ,,n
....... power, see strength
rough, !l!l'irl pray, see please
T
run, f'i Present, iiJrlC

TT-
s punish (to}, rdJV

sabbath, ~rl pupil, i~(t'
sand, ~'in put, C''
say, '"lbM
T
put on (to), ttJ:i
school, W. IT~ Q
second, 'ii) ,n"'lt quarrel (v. and n.), ::i.,
136 -
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FIRST YEAR IN HEBRB W
ENGLISH-HEBREW VOCABULARY
sixth, ~ ,T'l'"Yi see, iiNi

T
sixty, C'tr~ second n. see moment

slate; see black-board sell, ~9
sleep (to), f~~ send, nr,,,,
sleep ( 11.), itlrd
-1"
T""
servant, il~~~
small, see little seven, nv-ttri JJ~J
smart, see wise seventh, ~~rr ,n.,,.~
so, see yes seventy, c~~
something, MC'llCQ
T t
shadow, ;J
son, l~ she, N'rt
song, iw ,.,.,," T
shell, ilf~P:
spill out, see pour shut, 4lC
T
stand, 1oJ? sick, n7in

.:
spoon (f.), i:; sin (to), N?OM
T
stay, see sit sick (get sick), :tie,

still, Mt ;!)3, see more
't :
sing (to), i';/
stone, f. l~' pl. C'~ sink (to) U!l!O
1T
stop, see cease sir, ~,~

store, rn.::n
T
sister. nintc
story, i'99 sit, (to) j~
T
street, ~in? six, n~rv ,rzlqt
1~7 -
Digitized by Google
they'
thief,
'' l!:I
~
I
strength, n!i>
strong, pm
-.
T TT
thing, see word sun, fdctd

...,...
think, :lftln surround, .:i:io
T T
thirsty, NCl
T
thirty. c~?~ T
this,~ ,Nb table, ltf?~
those, COO iltU'.;I take, ljp'.z
thousand, q_~~ taste (to), cpP
T
three, nttJ'
T
?V/ ,rhVJ
T
teacher, iT');o .nj'ic
through. .,~.il tear, r:i2
throw, p'il ten, i11frf!l.J'i,It.
till, .,!l I,"~ '1ll tender, '!J1
time, C~I tenth, ''1'~~ ,n"'1''1ll:
I
tired, =t~ . than, see from
to, '~ i that (rel.), rt ,-,_~~ ,'~

to-day, Ci-LJ that (dem.), N\ii1 1N'nu'
together, in'
-r ,~11'
c'
T"-
then, TN
T
to- morrow, "'\Mt,,

TT there,
tooth, 1' therefore, l~.;
top, see head these, n1i>N
......
I~ -
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FIRST- YEAR IN HEBREW
l!.:NGLIBR-HZBREW VOOABULABY.
w touch, llJJ
IT
walk, see go towards,~

want, see desire town. see city
warm, en toy, ll'~
wash, rtii. travel, ~.;
JT
watch (11. ), i'VV tree, Tll.
watch (to), ibrtt true,~~
T
water, cc tum in, '"\~

-
way, f. T.J1 twenty, C'1~
1
we, 'tlMJN twice, C~Qll~

:r-'
weary (get), lll'
... ' two, Q~~ ,c~~
week, ~:rt+ two hundred, 0"~
-1 T j--T
weep. n:i::iT u
well, .:l!P.'1:1 uncle, i'i':J
wing, ~~ I under, rinn

-.-
what, i1~ ,nr~ understand, see heal"
when Y ric upon, see on

-T
when, i~!1~ v
where Y~!' ,;;!)~~
which, see who village. i!>~
T
white, l.:l~
TT
voice, ?ip
1~ -
Digitized by Google
.nli~Ni nno n~i:Jp
------..-~~~~~-
ltwa LJSB-HDBS11V VOOAB'OLARY
word,_,,,, whither, mN
"'"f T
,~
If{
1
woods, it~ who t 'Q
I
work, ~ who, ti,,~~
write, ~ whole, see every
y why, '9!1ic
~ r
,net.
nf
year, :'J;l' wife, see woman
yee, l~ window, ~'i:r

yesterday, 'no~ wine, l~ ~
.,-
yet, see more winter, t}~T.1
you. nf.\M ,P.\Y ,,.,r..u ,"-'N wise, c~
TT
T- r~ ~~ rT......
with, ~ . 11'\C ,Cl1

~
woman,~
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n;~ ,~ ~ !

' i;p n~fp n1i1ri7 MJir-l7;)

:\ ;':~ \1 ;: ~er~ Copyright 11111. by S. DRUCKBRJIAN

r rr ~ ,..,.~ :,..~ /rr ~

Dig 1tized by Google

Digitized by G-.tJ. t.~

N ;c Aleph Not pronounced.

.n.ne-N, :i l t' n'"':l~

n n Cheth German a#f.

-4 p - - Final Caph Same as .:l)

", C {) Fina lMAm Same as o

1 Final Nun Same as .)

y 0 Ain not pronounced

l' ~ Final Tsadi Same as t

(_) Patach a in fatAlr

<.) SegoI e in cell

...- 1~1gi1ized by Google

r-r .,_, p-p )- l

."~~ "~ ~nw 1 )ihct ~~ !tW ~ '~ ~ d!

mother, Ctt teacher, (111.) n"JiO,

~:li1 I .,ll~ .3 . TZ?7~1 , -rO~t\ .2 l"l".)~;:t , ~ .1

, ::l~ , l!.'11' , l!)v.o .10 .-rc?t' '.:l~ , JQ.., t:>V. 9 nm Irv...8

DigitizedbyGO Jgle ,..,.

sister, .nintt teacher, (f.}

. beautiful, nice, (ilD')

it1'Q?,r:l ,.l 'l ,,~~l1 .2 n~it::> nijo , ;i;c il".)iO .t

1. A good brother, a good sister. 2. A bad boy,

PLURAL, 0'-?1 SlNGULAR, "WT'

little, small, <c~~R ,n~~R) i~R uncle, iio:r

idle, lazy <c?~. 1;i?~). ?~. garden, Jl_

PLURAL, l"lt:!l'1. SINGUJ,AR, iri'ri' ...

r.~m C'~,tl i1.'.l~t) :rit:>

rri3~ C"~?;;l~ il~P. ~T

you, (f. p.) l~ you, (m. s.) ,nnt

they, (m.) cry you, (/. .) nc

they, (f.) li1 he, M\'1

there, c~ we, (m. and f.) ~Jruae

I am diligent, f'i1:' 'J~,

also, even, ~ to write, .:irui \ ..

in, with, -~ Jetter, ~

to the (1 ,-~T ,-~ in the, with the (I ,:;i ,.:;i

Z'ltiv,~1 .c"'l~iru C'!V.~i! .n1pitd n;~JlJ .i~tru '1llf!' .1

,ancit, TM~ to ieam, study, -.07

and <' ,., -1 1 now, ~':''.

sign of the objective case, <ziN>

;r:ill~:J , ~. ii':'~~_ .3 . c~i~ 0"!100 , c~tq.:t C"!1-'14':1

my uncle, "ii':r my,'

their uncle, (f. ) T!'':r their, (f.) t

My good uncle, .::ii~' TA

are bad pupi1s. lL Who is this (f.)I , , . ilf 1 big

,~,n".!~~it) table, (.) <' (pl. ni:lf?~) 'f'krt

THE PASSIVE PARTICIPLE, "'-!

(m. s.) .,,,:ituT

<f. > m':ld sold,

there is not, are not, ~

you (/.,.) are not, do not, i?-?"~ I am not, do Id, 'Vt'

very, ~-) ikqyou(m.p.) are not,donot,~~

n1tt9z.1 , ~ lrtr'~i'J .2 . n;~ rric'UJi:t , ,~ l~J .1

1. I (-.) am not bad, you (m. 1.) are not bad.

PAST TENSE "l;lJt

I watched, have watched, 'mctd :1- T

you '(111. 1.) watched, have watched, r-ncrd

you (/. 1.) watched, have watched, riictd

1) 'Wlaea tile 90miaatlve IT 1tands for a maecullne aoua, traa.late u b11

little, small, <cR ,nR) i~R uncle, iio:r

n~ry i't"1i..~ry ~ ,, '1.fl ?io~ ~rt?: ,~~ ni.,~+':I .s

1-tiip~. ~ no J 1~in~ 11 ? '-1i,~V.. l\'1 np~ 'Q 10

;~ I:' ,.:l~tf'~ ;'tpl:l ,z:i ;~~~ Future.

; ;",, ;~rp~ ;"?~rrr;i ,;~~l:' ;?ttrrtt Future.

;~~ ;~I;\ ,n;t, ;"I;\ ,n?tqz:i ;"1 Future.