REVISION NOTES: M1

VELOCITY AND DISPLACEMENT VECTORS

If a body starts from a point with position vector r0 , then at time t, the position
of the body is given by: r = r0 + tv

CONSTANT ACCELERATION

1 2 (u v )t
s ut at v u at v 2 u 2 2as s
2 2

KINEMATICS

On a velocity / Time graph

The gradient represents acceleration

The area under the graph represents the distance travelled

MOMENTUM

Momentum = Mass Velocity

In a collision the total momentum is conserved.

NEWTONS 2ND LAW

Force = Rate of Change of momentum

mv mu m(v u )
i.e. F ma in vector form, F = ma
t t

n.b. When applying F = ma , F means the Resultant force

IMPULSE

Impulse = Change in Momentum, i.e. I = mv mu = Ft

FRICTION

In general F N, however if a body is on the point of moving ( i.e. in

limiting equilibrium ) or in motion then: F = N.

MOMENTS

The moment of a force about a point is defined as:

The magnitude of the force multiplied by the perpendicular distance of the line
of action from the point.
 REVISION NOTES: M2
KINEMATICS

ds
v
dt
so s vdt

dv d 2 s
a
dt dt 2
so v adt

dr dv d 2 r
In vector form: v r a v r
dt dt dt 2

PROJECTILES

The vertical motion is constant acceleration, hence use the v, u, a, s, t formulae

Distance
The horizontal motion is constant speed so use: Speed or s = vt
Time

CENTRE OF MASS

The general principle is that:

The moment of the whole body = Sum of the moments of the individual parts.

WORK AND ENERGY

The Work Done by a force is defined as:

The Magnitude of Force Distance moved in the direction of the force.
i.e Work Done = Fs

Potential Energy PE = mgh

1
Kinetic Energy KE = mv 2
2
In general:
The initial (PE +KE) + Work Done = Final ( PE + KE )

POWER

Power is the rate at which work is done

For a moving vehicle Power = Force velocity
P
When applying F = ma use F
v

COLLISIONS

Newtons Law of Restitution states: v1 v2 = -e ( u1 u2 )

 REVISION NOTES: M3
VARIABLE ACCELERATION

dv dv
Use a or a v to set up a differential equation.
dt dx

ENERGY

x 2
Elastic Potential Energy EPE =
2l
The General Energy Equation can now be extended to:

Initial (PE + KE + EPE ) + Work Done = Final ( PE + KE + EPE )

SIMPLE HARMONIC MOTION ( SHM )

2
The equation of motion is of the form x 2 x ; T=

This has solutions : v 2 2 (a 2 x 2 ) and x = A Cos t + B Sin t

n.b. If x = a when t = 0, then x = a Cos t

If x = 0 when t = 0, then x = a Sin t ( v > 0 )

CIRCULAR MOTION

When a particle moves in a horizontal circle, the angular speed is normally constant,
and is denoted by . In this case the only acceleration is towards the centre of the
circle and has magnitude :
v2
r2 or .
r
If the angular speed is not constant e.g. Vertical circular motion, as well as
dv
acceleration r 2 towards the centre, there is tangential acceleration r or .
dt

CENTRE OF MASS

b b
1
xydx 2y
2
dx
For a Lamina x ; y
a a
b b For a Solid of Revolution
ydx
a
ydx
a
b

xy
2
dx
x a
b

y
2
dx
a