Sri Lanka Institute Of Information Technology

Report on In-Plant Training

At
International Construction Consortium

Name: GUNATHILAKA O.H.D.C

Registration No: EN 13501426

Course: Civil Engineering

Field of Specialization: Building and Construction

Period of Training: 3 Months

Abstract

End of last September, started the three months of training period at INTERNATIONAL
CONSTRUCTION CONSORTIUM (PVT) LTD. Then as the training site, proposed office
building for BRANDIX INTIMATE APPAREL (PVT) LTD at Walisara was selected by me. As
a trainee engineer, under the ethics and rules of ICC, there were set of traditional duties and
responsibilities to handled. Those were the path makers for gain the site based knowledge. In that
case, how to be responsible for the officer in charge and the site engineer, how to supervise a
constructing process correctly, knowledge about construction materials, applying the technical
and engineering knowledge, how to work with labors, how to work with internal and external
machine power handling, why the job need to be inspect, what are the kind of general office
works and how to preparing bill of quantities can be highlighted. Besides all these things there
were lot of important characteristics also gain through the training. Among them, How to accept
a challenge, how to take a decision, how to achieve a target, how to monitoring the quality, time
management, drawing handling literacy, how to cooperate with high rank officers and labors,
how to work with the toxic materials, how to manage a healthy lifestyle for a continuous
working, how to improve the instrumental knowledge, how to drive the site vehicles and etc.

i
Acknowledgment

I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been possible without the kind
support and help of many individuals and organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks
to all of them. I am highly indebted to SLIIT INDUSTRIAL TRAINING DIVISION for their
guidance and constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information regarding the
training, throughout the 3 month. I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents &
member of ICC WALISARA SITE for their kind co-operation and encouragement which help
me in completion of this project. My thanks and appreciations also go to mates and people who
have willingly helped me out with their abilities.

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Table of Contents

Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... i
Acknowledgment ............................................................................................................................ ii
List of figures ...................................................................................................................................v
List of figures ................................................................................................................................. vi
List of tables .................................................................................................................................. vii
1.Introduction .................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Company background and history .....................................................................................1
1.2 Organization chart .............................................................................................................3
1.3 Project details ....................................................................................................................4
1.4 General summary of proposed office building ..................................................................5
1.5 Brief description to work I have done ..............................................................................6
2.Training experiences ..................................................................................................................8
2.1 Summary of duties ...........................................................................................................8
2.2 Projects involved ...............................................................................................................9

2.2.1 Safety and site ....................................................................................................9

2.2.2 Level machine leveling and safety ...................................................................12

2.2.3 Concreting at site .............................................................................................14

2.2.4 Form work for concreting ................................................................................16

2.2.5 Process of concreting .......................................................................................17

2.2.6 Chemical anchoring .........................................................................................18

2.2.7 Brick work .......................................................................................................19

2.2.8 Floor cement cut and polishes..........................................................................20

2.2.9 Tile works ........................................................................................................22

2.2.10 Gabion walling ...............................................................................................24

2.2.11 Vehicles and instruments ...............................................................................26

2.3 Problems encountered and approach of solving ............................................................28

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 2.3.1 Safe sand ..........................................................................................................28

2.3.2 Flood vs. lover ground .....................................................................................29

2.3.3 Wasp invasion ..................................................................................................30

2.3.4 Improvements on wheelbarrow........................................................................30

3.Conclusion ................................................................................................................................31

Appendix ......................................................................................................................................31

iv
List of Figures

Figure 1: Organization chart ........................................................................................................... 3

Figure 2: helmet and the file i used ................................................................................................. 7
Figure 3: Food bill .......................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 4: Safety notice board .......................................................................................................... 9
Figure 5: Safety hand book ............................................................................................................. 9
Figure 6: Connecting the scaffolding and the wood ..................................................................... 10
Figure 7: Establish safety Switch panels ...................................................................................... 10
Figure 8: Daily safety meeting ...................................................................................................... 10
Figure 9: Keep Fire extinguishers and provide ............................................................................. 10
Figure 10: Miss Use of safety helmet ........................................................................................... 10
Figure 11: A labor works without a helmet .................................................................................. 10
Figure 12: Form work for a slab ................................................................................................... 11
Figure 13: Example for ongoing concrete leveling....................................................................... 11
Figure 14: Example for ongoing concrete leveling....................................................................... 11
Figure 15 : level the instrument .................................................................................................... 12
Figure 16: Variation of a floor/ slab ............................................................................................. 13
Figure 17: Readymix truck ........................................................................................................... 14
Figure 18: Formwork .................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 19: P-cone .......................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 20: Comb tie ...................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 21: Covering ...................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 22: Fill the concrete to the bucket ..................................................................................... 16
Figure 23: Crane boom deliver the bucket .................................................................................... 16
Figure 24: Labors drag the concrete bucket .................................................................................. 16
Figure 25: Labors releasing concrete ............................................................................................ 16
Figure 26: Distributing the concrete ............................................................................................. 16
Figure 27: Make sure the correct height is there & porkering ...................................................... 16
Figure 28: Holding the pump ........................................................................................................ 16
Figure 29: A Pump truck using for massive concreting ............................................................... 16
Figure 30: Chemical anchored bars .............................................................................................. 16
Figure 31: After Concreting .......................................................................................................... 16
Figure 32: Chemical Used ............................................................................................................ 16
Figure 33: Making a wall with bricks ........................................................................................... 16
Figure 34: Delivering bricks to works .......................................................................................... 16
Figure 35: Barra Emulsion Chemical ........................................................................................... 16
Figure 36: A cement block for correct height ............................................................................... 16
Figure 37: Keep blocks for relevant heights ................................................................................ 16

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Figure 38: Extend the concert on correct level ............................................................................ 16
Figure 39: Put cement on chemical mixed concrete ..................................................................... 16
Figure 40: Pour Titanium Mixture on cement .............................................................................. 16
Figure 41: Completed the Titanium pouring ................................................................................ 16
Figure 42: Pond for 7 days ........................................................................................................... 16
Figure 43: Terrazzo machine to cut the floor................................................................................ 16
Figure 44: Wax ready to apply on floor ........................................................................................ 16
Figure 45: Ongoing tile works ...................................................................................................... 16
Figure 46: Tile cutter .................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 47: Marble cutter ............................................................................................................... 16
Figure 48: A grinder/Skid loader (Bob Cat) ................................................................................. 16
Figure 49: Grinder blade ............................................................................................................... 16
Figure 50: Chemical for proper bond between tile bed and the concrete ..................................... 16
Figure 51: Chemical for proper bond between tile bed and the concrete ..................................... 16
Figure 52: Geo textile ................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 53: Attaching the geo textile.............................................................................................. 16
Figure 54: Gabion wall under construction .................................................................................. 16
Figure 55: Gabion wall under construction .................................................................................. 16
Figure 56: Skid loader (Bob cat) ................................................................................................... 16
Figure 57: Sakai roller .................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 58: Putzmeister truck ......................................................................................................... 16
Figure 59: Putzmeister boom joystick .......................................................................................... 16
Figure 60: Mitsubishi Dozer (D-40) ............................................................................................. 16
Figure 61: Excavator ..................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 62: Sakai 5 ton roller ......................................................................................................... 16
Figure 63: ISUZU ready mix truck ............................................................................................... 16
Figure 64: AIRMAN compressor ................................................................................................. 16
Figure 65: Tractor ......................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 66: KOBELCO mobile crane ............................................................................................ 16
Figure 67: Leyland Truck ............................................................................................................. 16
Figure 68: JCB Bacholoder ........................................................................................................... 16
Figure 69: Mobile crane ................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 70: Canter .......................................................................................................................... 16
Figure 71: Leyland heavy truck .................................................................................................... 16
Figure 72: Rain water washing the sand ....................................................................................... 16
Figure 73: Lower ground floor by the pond.................................................................................. 16
Figure 74: Drain that save the lover ground from the flood ......................................................... 16
Figure 75: Pond under construction .............................................................................................. 16
Figure 76: Wasp ............................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 77: Site platoon .................................................................................................................. 16

vi
vii
List of Tables

Table 1: General summary of proposed office building .............................................................................. 5

Table 2: Concrete grades and its applications ............................................................................................. 14
Table 3: Cement, Sand, Aggregate ratio of Concrete grades ...................................................................... 15
Introduction

ICC is today a leading Sri Lankan general contractor with multi sector capability. As a company
ICC was established in 1980. But on prime time ICC is holding seven main divisions.
projects development division
Infrastructure development division
Building construction division
Water supply & sanitation division,
Road and bridge construction division
Property development division
International division

ICC, apart from its construction capability, owns and operates the following units which are
complementary to the construction industry
Ready mix concrete manufacture & supply unit
Pre-stressed and precast concrete yard
Quarry and crusher operations
Joinery workshop
Asphalt concrete manufacturing and supply unit
Concrete block production unit.

ICC which has the ISO 9001: 2008 accreditation has been classified by ICTAD, a Sri Lankan
Government Authority, which is responsible for grading and regulating of all building and civil
engineering contractors in Sri Lanka with the highest grading available (C1) for the 4 major
disciplines of the construction industry namely Buildings, Water Supply & Drainage, Highways
and Bridges.

ICC has won ICTADs construction excellence award for the Years 1994, 2002, 2003, 2005 2006
2008, 2009 and 2010 and ICTADs construction merit award for the Years 1992 and 1997 and
Merit Award for Innovation Construction technology in 2006. In addition ICC was presented
with the IFAWPCA (International Federation of Asian and Western Pacific Contractors
Association) Gold Medal for excellence in civil engineering construction. In addition, ICC won
the ICTADs Construction Excellence Award, National Award for Effective Adaptation of Safety
measures in Construction.

ICC has also won the following awards presented by the National Chamber of Commerce of Sri
Lanka

First Runner-Up award for Best Realized Growth in 2004.

Winner of Best Construction and Engineering Company presented in 2006.
Second Runner Up for the best company under large category presented in 2006.

1
ICC has 3 fully owned subsidiary companies named

ICC Housing (Pvt) Ltd.

Nivasie Developers (Pvt) Ltd.
Durra Building Systems (Pvt) Ltd.
Whilst ICC Housing (Pvt) Ltd.
Nivasie Developers (Pvt) Ltd.

ICC is backed by a consortium of 3 bankers and ICC has adequate working capital and Banking
Facilities to undertake major construction projects.

ICC has worked as Joint Venture partners to numerous international contractors and hence is
familiar with their techniques and management practices. ICC has successfully carried out
several projects overseas in Doha, Qatar and in the Republic of Maldives.

Vision of ICC

Committed to building long-term relationships based on integrity, performance, value, and client
satisfaction. We will continue to meet the changing needs of our clients with our quality services
delivered by the most qualified people.

Mission of ICC

We are a dedicated team striving to bring growth to our community, helping to maintain existing
companies and assist our clients in making their dreams become a reality.

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Organization chart

SENIOR
TECHNICAL
OFFICER
Mr.G.M.S Priyantha DRAFTMEN
Mr.Ruwan
PLANING &QA/QC
ENGINEER
Mr. M Kosgamage ASSISTANT
ENGINEER (SETTING
OUT)
ASSISTANT Mr. Madhusanka
ENGINEER
(REINFORCEMENT)
Mr.R.D.P Jayanatha

PROJECT ASSISTANT
GENERAL MANAGER QUANTITY QUANTITY
Mr.Mahinda MANAGER SURVERER Mr. SURVERER
Panditharathne Mr. Athula Wijesinhe Charitha Attanayake
Ms. Sarasi Paranagama

ASSISTANT JOUNIER TECNICAL

ENGINEER (F/W OFFICER
CONCREATING)
Mr. Amila Rathnayaka
T.D.S FONSEKA

SAFETY OFFICER
Mr.
K.W.A.K Udayanga

ADMIN OFFICER STORE KEPER

Mr. O.P Alas Mr. S.P.L Keerthirathne

Figure 1: Organization chart

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Project details

PROJECT
Construction of 04 storied office Building with swimming pool, pond, Driveway and
ancillary Buildings.

CLIENT
Brandix Intimate Apparel Ltd.

STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
Saro Weerasooriya Associates.

ARCHITECT
Rukmal Indrajith Kathriarachchi.

COST CONSULTANT
Clag Consultancy (pvt) Ltd.

MAIN CONTRACTOR
International Construction Consortium

LOCATION
Walisara, Ragama

YEAR OF COMPETION
2015 of January

VALUE
Rs.778 Million

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 Table 1: General summary of proposed office building

Bill Description Amount

No
01 Preliminaries 22,462,295.00

02 Site improvements 14,183,293.00

03 Main building 359,247,355.00

04 Open office area 8,684,408.00

05 Screen walls 17,701,470.00

06 Ancillary buildings 11,205,898.00

07 External works 35,129,860.00

08 Plumbing and drainage 31,890,419.00

09 Provisional sums 278,012.000.00

Total (excluding VAT) carried to form of bid 778,516,998.00

Total ICCs component including OH% profit of 509,464,998.00

provisional sums

Total revised ICCs component including OH% profit 509,464,998.00

of provisional sums

Revised Total (excluding VAT) carried to form of bid 778,516,998.00

5
Brief description for work I have done.

Under a technical officers observation, my duty is to supervise the work process on the
2nd floor. During the training period, mainly I have to supervised the concrete works, brick
works going on, 2nd floor cement cut works, bathroom tiling processes, slab/floor leveling
process, wall plastering process, wall painting process, arrange the scaffoldings for workers,
protect the labors safety, make sure to arrange row-materials on second floor without a delay and
etc. In this practice, the officer allowed to access his labor platoon. It includes five of skilled
labors. These five members were responding only for the 2nd floor. And their duty is to make
sure about the continuity of the construction going on. Besides those site works, at the end of the
day there was a daily report which should submitted; that was considering the man power,
internal/external plant, material which are consuming for the entire day. Furthermore, there was
an attendance sheet for sub contract man power which should submit at the end of the day too.
And need to request for inspection sheet (R.F.I) about the work progress going on.

Besides this practice under technical officer, underneath the command of Project
Manager anytime, QS sector activities to be assigned to me. In this case, I had taken part in the
social care project for low income persons housing development process which was engaged by
the ICC. Under it, my duty is to visit the selected low income families with the inspection team
and made low cost BOQs by considering their ideas also.

And then at the end of the November, most of the constructions which are going on 2nd
floor are reaching for the conclusion. So I was directed to work under another technical officer.
Under his observation my duty is to supervise the back filling process, gabion wall excavations
and constructing and supervise the rubble work process. As mention before my new officer also
allow me to access his labor team too. Actually this seems much challenging to me. Because not
like the interior building constructing, my new working area is open. So dust, sun burnings wind
all these hard conditions directly affect the working progress. And unfortunately as the
unexpected rainy season started at the beginning of the December, the back filling process was
kept in a negative situation. By protecting the additional soil from the heavy rain and once the
ground become dry, quickly fill a soil layer and beaten it. Like that step by step fill the soil to the
relevant height. In this session I had to supervise the backhoe loader, tractor, excavator, ten ton

6
roller and the dozer too. And I am happy to say that at this stage now I am fully comfortable with
these entire site vehicles and how to operate these machines correctly. Actually it is priceless.

Figure
Figure 2: helmet and1 the file i used

7
2.0 Training Experience

In my service duration, I had assigned to accomplish so many duties and responsibilities. Among
them, come on time to the working site can be considered as the supreme responsibility. At the
very first day the project manager, project administration and my technical officer also extremely
emphasize this fact as a thing that I should keep in mind. And the other fact that they have told
me that there are no weekend holidays, no poya leaves or any kind of calendar holiday is legal
for the site officers.

For my residential convenience, project manager agreed to provide space from ICC BRANDIX
site officers quarters. At that house a single room is reserved for the trainees and I had to share
the limited space with another three trainees. As trainees we are not allow to access the
bathrooms of the quarters and we were accessing the toilet and the water showers at the edge of
the garden. And there is a cook whom was maintained by
the company for fulfill the officers and our food
convenience. So at the end of the month we have to give the
price for the vegetables cost.

For convenience of the officers those who ready for report to Figure 3: Food bill
the daily site, company had arranged a three wheeler with 2
turns. But due to the space problem, bunch of the trainee people had to travel by bus. So to
accept this challenge I get up in the early morning and leave the quarters bit early. On the way to
site, I had to travel 1 km by foot to enter the Ragama Mahabage road. Then travel another 2 km
by bus and again travel nearly 600 meters by foot.

At the beginning of the very first day, my officer has no urgency to assign a responsibility to me.
According to him, as a trainee I should familiar with the site environment. So I accepted it and
went through the site. Throughout this journey I have observed that so many unknown heavy
vehicles were there and a large number of labor troops were contributing the construction
process.

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Safety and Site

Figure 4: Safety notice board Figure 5: Safety hand book

Actually construction sites are dangerous places, with innumerable hazards and dangers
present that can cause illness, injury or even death to a site people. Site workers can be open to
dust and chemicals hazards, injuries from tools, falling from height, manual handling injuries,
being hit by moving construction vehicles, and many more.

But the fact that i understand through the training period, most of the accidents may happen due
to the Carelessness.

So as a company, I have seen that ICC is trying to keep their site accidents on a minimum level.
In that effort,

Assign a safety officer for each site.

Weekly safety meetings held for labors and officers in every Tuesday morning.
Daily inspection by the safety officer around the site.
Display safety posters around the site.
Barricading the risky areas.
Penalty programs to those who violating the safety rules and regulations.

9
 Some photographs about the worth of safety.

Figure 6: Connecting the scaffolding and the Figure 7: Establish safety Switch panels
wood

Figure 9: Keep Fire extinguishers and Figure 8: Daily safety meeting

provide

But this kind of ignorance also can be seen.

Figure 11: A labor works without a helmet

Figure 10: Miss Use of safety helmet
10
 However as my first and foremost duty, I assumed a slab form work leveling task. For
this task a level machine and two labors was obtained by me. While one is holding the staff
upside down other persons duty is to adjust the jacks according to my order.

Although this slab leveling process mainly depends on the leveling theory, it is a new
experience for me. When the staff holds upside down, it was a bit confusing fact at the
beginning. But when the work
is processing on, I understand
that there is an easy method to
handle this duty much quicker
and easier. So according to my
experience, although there are
plenty of jacks to be adjust, first
consider about the jacks which
are holding the column, and
beam bottoms. They are the
holders of whole plywood deck Figure 12: Form work for a slab
frame. So by adjusting them
first, then the other middle jacks can determine easily and quickly. Throughout this process I
have improved my theoretical and practical leveling knowledge.

Besides this exercise in my career there are other leveling processes also I have done. They are
spot leveling and the ongoing concrete leveling.

Figure 14: Example for ongoing concrete

leveling
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Figure 13: Example for ongoing concrete leveling
 Uses of spot leveling
This process is using to get a clear idea about existing concrete slab or soil floor.
So with the help of spot leveling details the site engineer and the floor officer will
determine a fair finishing height and that should be done by increasing the height or
decreasing the current floor height.

On the spot concrete leveling

This process can avoid the big surface height variations and cut the extra time and man
power wasting for reconstruction.

In all these events, there is another fact that not giving the priority. That is the light balance on
the staff. As my experience by neglecting the fact it will gives some terrible answers at the end.
So to prevent this case, if the leveling process on going area is not enlighten enough, better to
hold a torch to the staff reading. And in dark situations always be ware to recognize the correct
cross lines on the instrument front face.

Level machine leveling and safety

Adjust the water bubble.

This is a so much easy fact, when

follow a correct method.

First keep the tripod podium

approximate horizontally. Then using
Figure 14
both the A and B screws first adjust Figure 15 : level the instrument
the bubble to our edge. Then using the
other C screw easily can get the bubble to the center of the circle. This gets only less than
one minute.

12
 Core fact that should better to kept in mind.

Figure 16: Variation of a floor/ slab

Easy way to done the job

Assume A as the reference height.

Reading B gives a less staff reading than reading A. So to bring the reading B to A
needs to reduce the floor height on that region.

Reading C gives a higher staff reading than reading A. So to bring the reading C to
A needs to increase the floor height on that region.

But when it note down on the site, simply region B marked as +B and region C
marked as C.
Safety of level instrument
Always keep in the box unless it is using.
Dont let the machine on tripod and leave.
Make sure the tripod screw correctly fixed with the machine.
When the instrument fix on the tripod deck, make sure to keep three screws as
following the triangle deck configuration. This will protects the calibration of the
machine from an uneven fallen.
Dont let the machine to get wet.
Always make sure to keep tripod legs in outstanding distance.
Keep in mind to check the machine when you deliver it from the site stores.
Dont let the unauthorized people to handle the machine.
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 Concreting at Site
Figure 17: Readymix truck
Mainly for this BRANDIX site, all the
concrete requirements are fulfilled by the ready-
mix concrete. These ready-mixes were delivered
by the SANKEN Lanka (Pvt) Thotalanga plant.
As maintain a limited space, then no need to
worry about storing the materials like coarse and
fine aggregate, cement, water and admixtures. And
by assuring the quality of the ready-mix, it can
deliver timely in large amounts as well as small pours. So this will helpful for maintain a high
speed rhythm in construction process. Moreover that there are no any problems like delaying due
to site based batching plant dismantling. And depreciation cost also is deducted for a
considerable amount. Besides all those things it is much easier way to fulfill the consultant
requirements; because consultant also only have to go through the test results of the ready mix
samples. Also by deducting the noise pollution and air pollution this method will helpful for
protect the environment too.
Table 2: Concrete grades and its applications

Classification Grade Applications

M10 PCC (Plain Cement Concrete) e.g. Leveling course, bedding for footing, concrete roads
etc.

Ordinary
M15 PCC e.g. Leveling course, bedding for footing, concrete roads etc.
M20 RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) e.g. Slabs, beams, columns, footing etc. (for mild
exposure)
M25 RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) e.g. Slabs, beams, columns, footing etc.

M30 RCC e.g. Slabs, beams, columns, footing etc.

Standard M35 RCC e.g. Slabs, beams, columns, footing etc.
M40 RCC e.g. Pre-stressed concrete, slabs, beams, columns, footing etc.
M45 RCC e.g. Runways, Concrete Roads (PQC), Prestressed Concrete Girders, beams, RCC
Columns

14
Basically our site used those grades of ready mix concrete to constructing process.
Table 3: Cement, Sand, Aggregate ratio of Concrete grades

Cement Sand Aggregate Grade

1 2 4 Correspond to M15 Grade
1 1.5 3 Correspond to M20 Grade
1 1 2 Correspond to M25 Grade

The Slump test is the field test that done for ready-mix concretes

To get a representative sample, take samples from two or more regular intervals
throughout the discharge of the truck.
Dampen inside of cone and place it on a smooth, moist, non-absorbent, level surface
which large enough to accommodate both the slumped concrete and the slump cone.
Fill cone 1/3 full by volume and rod 25 times with hemispherical tip steel tamping rod.

Fill cone 2/3 full by volume. Rod this layer 25 times with rod penetrating into. But not
through first layer. Distribute rodding evenly over the entire cross section of the layer.
Fill cone to overflowing. Rod this layer 25 times with rod penetrating into but not
through, second layer. Distribute rodding evenly over the entire cross section of this layer
Remove the excess concrete from the top of the cone, using tamping rod as a screed.
Clean overflow from base of cone.
Immediately lift cone vertically with slow, even motion. Do not jar the concrete or tilt the
cone during this process. Invert the withdrawn cone, and place next to, but not touching
the slumped concrete
Lay a straight edge across the top of the slump cone. Measure the amount of slump in
inches from the bottom of the straight edge to the top of the slumped concrete at a point
over the original center of the base. The slump operation shall be completed in a
maximum elapsed time of 2 1/2 minutes. Discard concrete. Information gathers from the
truck drivers and the helpers.

15
 Figure 18: Formwork

Formwork for Concreting

Formwork is a temporary structure.it is used to contain poured

concrete and to mold it to the required dimensions. And care until
it is able to support itself. It consists primarily of the face contact
material and the bearers that directly support the face contact
material.

Different formwork systems provide a wide range of concrete

construction solutions that can be chosen to suit the needs of a
particular development. But in our sites we used only the
plywood board to make the formwork.

Coverings: these are readymade concrete blocks. Using for

provide the required spacing between the plywood and the steel
bars.

P-cone: hold the comb tie by using threads

Comb tie: tie the lockers and support the formwork to
keep the shape.
Lockers: this is for hold the formwork
Jacks (adjustable probes): avoid the formwork from
bucklings, shakings when the concrete pouring into. Figure 19: P-cone

Figure 20: Comb tie

Figure 21: Covering

16
Process of concreting

Figure 22: Fill the concrete to the Figure 23: Crane boom deliver the
bucket bucket

Figure 24: Labors drag the Figure 25: Labors

concrete bucket releasing concrete

Figure 26: Distributing the

concrete
Figure 27: Make sure the correct
height is there & porkering

Figure 28: A Pump truck using

for massive concreting Figure 289: Holding the pump
17
Chemical Anchoring

If the architecture comes and says, that he needs

to change his design about the already finished
concrete construction and extent it further. What
can be done? As trainee I was lucky enough to
face such an incident in my maiden training
period. Answer is anchoring the new concrete
structure to the existing one.

For that, chemical anchoring process can be Figure 29: Chemical anchored bars
used.

Sequence of process

Remove all the obstacles in the

working area and clean.
Drilling with a drill bit of selected size
and the depth.
Clear the drilled hole.
Inject chemicals with the dispenser and
extensions.

Insert relevant size of reinforcement bar Figure 30: After Concreting

into the hole.

Figure 31: Chemical

Used
18
Brick work

Figure 32: Making a wall with bricks Figure 33: Delivering bricks to works

In this site, brick works are going under the contracts. On my floor, there were fifteen set of
labors have been working under three contractors. For all these contractors having a daily target
and each of them were paid Rs2700.00 for a 1m2. And traditionally those who completed the
brick walls will get the plastering process also. In this case Rs.750.00 will be paid per 1m2. As I
understand the contractors those who done the brick walling will cover their losses from this
plastering quota.

In this case my duty is to make sure about the brick working positions and whether they are
going on right measurements. And to check whether they are using the right cement sand ratio
too. Here for the brick walls the cement sand ratio is 1:6. Besides that instruct the workers about
the details of drawings, Point out and marked the door openings, window heights, tie beam
heights and widths, lintel heights, vanity finishing top levels etc. Besides that using a plumb bob
I always keep watching the work progress. Because I always need to specify for them, though
they have a rush to cover the target; it should be fulfill the quality requirements. Else I ordered
them to take off the brick wall bindings and re construct it. At the beginning I is not easy to
describe the errors for them. They are always trying to show anyhow they are right. Then at the
next step they are trying to cheep the problem. And finally one of the labors told me to do and
demonstrate correctly as my willingness. So I accept it and demonstrate. Then after that moment
they become friendly my orders and accept them nicely.

19
 Floor cement cut and polishing (floor
titanium)
Figure 34: Barra Emulsion Chemical
Steps:

I. Clear all the dust and irrelevant things

on the floor.
II. Give the relevant floor heights to fill
with cement.
III. Pour Barra Emulsion or L- Bond
to the floor.
IV. Keep cement blocks considering the
finish floor level.
V. Keep the thin glass belt (25 mm) for
attractiveness.
VI. Add the cement sand mixture which is
having cement sand ratio of 1:5.
VII. Let it to be settle a day.
VIII. Then pour the cement and the titanium
mixture (Cement : Ti, 20 : 1 ratio )
IX. Keep it to settle a day.
X. Then these titanium covered floor need
to be pond with water for 7 days. This
will make the protection from bad
causes and avoid the cracks that can be

formed due to titanium toxic. Figure 35: A cement block for correct height
XI. Using terrazzo machine then do the
cutting process call Best cut.
XII. Remove the titanium mixed waste water from the surface.
XIII. Adding new water cut the surface again.
(Commonly 3 times) for a better result add some sand too.
XIV. Let it to be dry for one day and do wax and finally polish the surface.

20
Figure 37: Keep blocks for relevant heights Figure 38: Extend the concert on correct level

Figure 39: Put cement on chemical mixed Figure 4036: Pour Titanium Mixture on
concert cement

Figure 41: Completed the Titanium pouring Figure 42: Pond for 7 days

21
 Figure 37: Terrazzo Figure 44: Wax ready to apply
machine to cut the floor on floor

Tile works

I. Chip and clean the surface which is going to be tilled.

II. Distribute the tiles on the floor and recognize the pattern.
III. Considering the tilling length, if there are tile pieces smaller than half of a tile; distribute
that length to the equally.
IV. Smearing some chemicals on the floor to ensure that a
proper bond would be created between concrete floor
and the tile bed. (Barra emulsion)
V. Considering the finish floor level, create cement blocks
for appropriate height of the tile bed. (cement block
height + tile thickness = finishing height)
VI. Add the cement sand mixture which is having a ratio of
1:3 (cement to sand). To avoid the bad causes, this bed
should maintain a minimum of 25 mm thickness.
VII. Keep three days for desiccate the bed.
VIII. Do a free layout.

IX. Rectify the edge errors. Figure 385: Ongoing tile works
X. Ready the adhesive mixture. (Adhesive + Water )
XI. Using adhesive, fix the tile to the bed.
XII. Keep 24 hours.
XIII. Grout.

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 Specific tools used in tilling process.

Figure 46: Tile cutter Figure 397: Marble cutter

Figure 48: A grinder Figure 49: Grinder blade

* for make the smooth edges

Chemicals using for proper bond between bed and the concrete

Figure 50: Chemical for proper bond Figure 51: Chemical for proper bond
between tile bed and the concrete between tile bed and the concrete

23
 Gabion wall

This Gabion word is derived from an Old Italy. Actually this is like a "big cage". Gabions are
enclosures that can be filled with any sort of inorganic material: rock, brick, or concrete
debris. The cages were originally wicker, but now are usually a welded mesh made of sturdy
galvanized, coated, or stainless steel wire that won't bend when filled with rocks. In landscaping,
gabion walls can support an earth wall, stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.

Steps for gabion wall constructing.

I. Marked the bottom level of the gabion base and level it.
II. Put boulders to the bottom ( 100mm-250mm)
III. Put ABC to the bottom. ( 50mm-70mm)
IV. Keep the gabion cages angle. ( 5)
V. Lay the geo textile on the ABC layer.
VI. Assemble the cages on it.
VII. Put the rubble into the cages and fill the voids with small stone particle
(Rubble 120mm-200mm)
(Stone particles 25mm-50mm)
VIII. To prevent bulging, each opposite faces of the cags needs to be tie with binding cables.
(Bracing tie)
IX. Close the cap and tie it.

Basic Benefits

I. Environmental friendliness: When onsite material is used as filler, transportation costs

and associated fuel consumption are eliminated.
II. Permeability: Gabions are permeable and free-draining; they can't be washed away by
moving water.
III. Easy installation and built-in strength: The stone fill settles to the contours of the ground
beneath it and has such frictional strength that no foundation is required. In fact, the
wall's strength and effectiveness may increase with time and long lasting.

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Figure 52: Geo textile Figure 53: Attaching the geo textile

Figure 54: Gabion wall under construction

Figure 55: Gabion wall under construction

25
 Vehicles and Instruments

Figure
Figure40: 56: Skid loader (Bob Cat) Figure 5742: Sakai roller
Figure 41:

Figure 47
48
49
50
51
52
Figure 58: Putzmeister truck Figure539:
Figure 43 Putzmeister boom joystick
44
45
46

Figure 550: Mitsubishi Dozer (D-40) Figure 541: Excavator

Figure 572: Sakai 5 ton roller Figure 563: ISUZU ready mix 26
truck
 Figure 594: AIRMAN compressor Figure 585: Tractor

Figure 607: Leyland

Figure 66: KOBELCO mobile crane Truck

Figure 68: JCB Bacholoder Figure 69: Mobile crane

Figure 620: Canter Figure 611: Leyland heavy truck

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Problems encountered and approach of solving

Safe sand

As our site doesnt having a proper way to store the sand correctly. When the rain started, nearly
40% of sand is driving with the water towered the water sources. This is a disaster and a heavy
environmental pollution. On the other hand, when the sand washed away by the evenings, next
day morning the workers have to weep whole day for sand and it ruins their daily target too. As I
am responsible for the external plastering, this problem affects me also. So to prevent this I
sagest the site engineer to unload the sand trucks at the main gate region (geographically height
region of the site.) and bring the required amount per day to the sand sieving unit. Fortunately he
understands the issue and decided to activate my suggestion. Though it is unrecognized tiny
issue, via that I have given my contribution for reduce the environment pollution and helped ICC
to increase the daily target achieving.

Figure 632: Rain water washing the sand

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Flood Vs. lover ground

There is another problem around pond area. Pond

region is below the lover ground floor. When the pond
excavation and its constructions are stared, a rainy
season also started. And when the rain becomes high,
total water from the higher lands are going down by
the pond and it is also filled with mud. So the officer
in charge of this massive pond, for his convenience;
turns the water path to the lower ground floor
direction. as that floor in charge was absent on that
evening, if let this happen when next morning dawn,
floor will be filled with mud. Though I am assign to
upper floor, this affects me too. Because when the
mud comes to the lover ground floor, the cable winch
cant land there. That means all the 2nd floor requested
materials are blocked at lower ground. So I come
accompanied with the bacholoder and ordered to clear
the road and slope the water path to other direction.
And dig a drain way for rain water flowing. Within
this decision I was able to protect a floor and Figure 643: lower ground floor by the
construction on my floor. pond

Figure 654: Drain that save the

lower ground floor from flood

Figure 665: pond under construction

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Wasp invasion

As previous incident, in this particular day also my officer in charge was out of duty. And
it is a Sunday too. In the afternoon, set of wasp are coming to the site area and gradually creep in
to the 2nd floor. In this situation one of the officers is ready to move them out by making a huge
smoke. But according to my opinion that smoke will be cause for change the roof foils original
color. And if a fire also stared then the
total foil layer will get vanished in
seconds. So I disagree with him. But as
a trainee I cant stop him from ordering
my labors to make a fire or a smoke. So
what I done was, I ordered my labors to
leave the duty at 3.00 pm and get off
from the 2nd floor. Then no one is there
to follow his orders. But I stay there to
make sure if someone came and do any
kind of an odd thing for this wasps.
Because if someone do so, I am the one
who subjected to question on next day
morning as the deputy in charge of 2nd
floor. Fortunately no one came to fire to
the wasp troop. So I make a phone call Figure 676: wasp
to site engineer and informed the
incident clearly. And off at 6.00 pm

Improvements on a wheelbarrow

One of my duty is to provide the bricks for those who working on the 2 nd floor of the
building. Once I order the fact for the floor labors what they doing is filled the wheelbarrows by
the bricks and delivered. In this case, these people trying to delivers two wheelbarrows load at
once. As it is much more exhausting I informed not to do so. But what they were doing is that.

So in my lunch interval, I decided to stay at floor and find a way to reduce the effort that the
worker should provide to carry the weight. Actually if we can balance the loads moment that
occurs at the wheelbarrow wheel axis then it is easy to hold up and carry on the instrument.

So I find out an iron partition which was abandoned by the roof works. Then I connect it to the
coved GI pipe which is going coved in front of the wheelbarrow wheel. When the labors seen
this, they have started to smile on me and at a glance they said that you have increase the weight
further more on this wheelbarrow but finally they have understand that now it is easy to lift the
wheelbarrow and then become happy. But when they are using it I have understand that iron
block is disturbing for the unloading and turning effort of this instrument. So it is practically
successful application for the wheelbarrow. But what I understand is when it comes to the real
time, it should be improved more. So in the future I have a plan to make improvements on this.
30
3.0 Conclusion

At the end of the three months, my training career is fortunate enough to cover two main civil
engineering steams at a one construction site. Those are Building construction and road
construction. As a trainee engineer, under the ethics and rules of ICC, there were set of
traditional duties and responsibilities to handled. Those were the path makers for gain the site
based knowledge. In that case, how to be responsible for the officer in charge and the site
engineer, how to supervise a constructing process correctly, knowledge about construction
materials, applying the technical and engineering knowledge and how to work with labors can be
highlighted. Besides all these things there were lot of important characteristics also gain through
the training. Among them, How to accept a challenge, how to take a decision, how to achieve a
target, how to monitoring the quality, time management, drawing handling literacy and how to
manage a healthy lifestyle for a continuous working can be extract as the core extraction
throughout the training period. For these three months of training period ICC also makes a great
effort to keep our moral up and organize some lectures from their experienced offices too. And
ICC provides a little allowance for our contribution also.
It was nice time to be remembered. Birthdays, target achieving parties, weddings, trips and so
many celebrations for the last few months. And I met a bunch of positive and delightful people
those who never care about the site pressure. Although we were very good friends, when the
work is going on all are challenging to each other. Actually that is a very nice and I would like to
mention a story that my officer told me at the very beginning. Always be ready to accept a
challenge. If you want to stay here, keep doing it

Figure 77: Site platoon

31
Appendix

32