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Distillation using the Ponchon-Savarit method with alpha

by Mark Burns and James Sung


Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Michigan 100000.0
D= 41.18 mol/hr
Example from Geankoplis, Xd = 0.95 80000.0
1993, p. 674
60000.0

40000.0
R= 1.755 H or h
F= 100 mol/hr alpha = 2.5 20000.0
q= 1.195
Xf = 0.45 E(ML) = 1 0.0
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
-20000.0

-40000.0
W= 58.82 mol/hr
Xw = 0.1 -60000.0

Pure component enthalpies Number of Stages = 11 -80000.0


Qr = 4138403.676 J/hr Minimum Reflux = 1.16
Saturated Saturated Qc = -3510493.93 J/hr Y or X
Liquid Vapor
hB = 5109 HB = 38439 J/mol Ponchon-Savarit Diagram >>>>>>>
hA = 0 HA = 30820 J/mol
Graphical Representation of Successive Substitution McCabe-Thiele Plot Ponchon-Savarit Plot

Distillate
41.18 mol/hr
1.2
0.95 Desired Xd
Tray x y
Enriching Line Sat. Liquid line
1.0
1 0.88372 0.95 y= 0.637 x + 0.345 h= -5109 x + 5109.000
2 0.79762 0.90786
Axis Title 3 0.69951 0.85337 Sat. Vapor line
0.8
4 0.60308 0.79160 Stripping Line H= -7619 x + 38439.000
5 0.52114 0.73124 y= 1.442 x + -0.044
0.6 6 0.45970 0.68021 Point D'
7 0.39707 0.62213 x = 0.95
Feed 8 0.31272 0.53216 q line H' = 85510.303
0.4 100 mol/hr 9 0.21777 0.41038 y= 6.128 x + -2.308
0.45 Xf 10 0.13026 0.27242 x = Point W'
hF 11 0.06326 0.14444 x = 0.1
0.2 -3469.1475 12 - done Intersection (q,enriching) h' = -65754.763
13 - - x = 0.483
14 - - y= 0.653 Switching point
0.0 15 - - x = 0.4842993
0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 R= 1.755 16 - - Intersection (q,equilibrium)
alpha = 2.5 17 - - x = 0.492
q= 1.195 18 - - y= 0.708
E(ML) = 1 19 - -
Axis Title # of Stages 11 20 - -
Min. reflux 1.16 Bottoms
Qc -3510493.92647059 58.82 mol/hr
Qr 4138403.67647059 0.1 Desired Xw

Points for use on McCabe-Thiele (X-Y) plot - Only one decimal place used for the sake of clarity Data points for use on enthalpy-concentration plot - Only one decimal place used for the sake of clarity
x 45 Degree line Equilibrium line Stripping line Enriching line q line Distillation(MT) op equil x Sat. liquid Sat. vapor Equilibrium (PS) h H Mass balance h H Feed line Minimum reflux data
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5109.0 38439.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -65754.8 0.1 -65754.8 x = 0.5
0.1 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 30820.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 37677.1 0.5 -3469.1 y= 0.7
0.2 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 85510.3 h(x) = 2595.1
0.3 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 H(y) = 33046.6
0.4 0.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 H' = 67244.9
0.6 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 h(Xd) = 255.5
0.7 0.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 H(Yd) = 31201.0
0.8 0.8 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.9 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.5 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.1 4785.8 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.1 37338.5 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.1 0.1 4443.5 0.0 0.0
0.1 0.3 0.3 36363.4 0.0 0.0
0.2 0.3 0.2 3996.4 0.1 -65754.8
0.2 0.4 0.4 35312.3 0.1 37338.5
0.3 0.4 0.3 3511.3 0.1 -65754.8
0.3 0.5 0.5 34384.4 0.3 36363.4
0.4 0.5 0.4 3080.4 0.1 -65754.8
0.4 0.6 0.6 33699.0 0.4 35312.3
0.5 0.6 0.5 2760.4 0.1 -65754.8
0.5 0.7 0.7 33256.5 0.5 34384.4
0.5 0.7 0.5 2446.5 0.1 -65754.8
0.5 0.7 0.7 32867.7 0.6 33699.0
0.6 0.7 0.6 2027.9 1.0 85510.3
0.6 0.8 0.8 32407.8 0.5 2446.5
0.7 0.8 0.7 1535.2 1.0 85510.3
0.7 0.9 0.9 31937.2 0.6 2027.9
0.8 0.9 0.8 1033.9 1.0 85510.3
0.8 0.9 0.9 31522.0 0.7 1535.2
0.9 0.9 0.9 594.1 1.0 85510.3
0.9 1.0 1.0 31201.0 0.8 1033.9
1.0 1.0 1.0 85510.3
0.9 594.1
1.0 85510.3
1.0 255.5
Notation

(1) Color convention

Black line in McCabe-Thiele plot denotes y=x line


Black lines in Ponchon-Savarit plot denote enthalpy-concentration lines
Blue-colored values denote spreadsheet-calculated values
Blue line in McCabe-Thiele and Ponchon-Savarit plots denote stage steps
Green line in McCabe-Thiele plot denotes equilibrium line
Magenta line in McCabe-Thiele plot denotes q line
Red line in McCabe-Thiele and Ponchon-Savarit plots denote operating lines
Yellow boxes denote required data entry

(2) Variable Descriptions

alpha Relative volatility (ratio of partial pressures if system obey's Raoult's Law)
b_e Y-axis intersection of enriching line
b_q Y-axis intersection of q line
b_sat_liq Y-intercept of the saturated liquid line
b_sat_vap Y-intercept of the saturated vapor line
D Distillate flowrate
E(ML) Murphree tray efficiency based on the liquid phase
equil_hi Equilibrium (tie line) point i on saturated vapor line on Ponchon-Savarit stage steps
equil_ps_Hi Equilibrium (tie line) point i on saturated liquid line on Ponchon-Savarit stage steps
F Feed flowrate
H_del_D H-position of the "D" point
H_del_W H-position of the "W" point
hF Feed enthalpy
liq_hA Enthalpy of saturated A liquid
liq_hB Enthalpy of saturated B liquid
m_e Slope of the enriching line
m_q1 Slope of the q line when q is not equal to 1
m_q2 X-position of q-line when q=1 (i.e., Xf)
m_sat_liq Slope of the saturated liquid line
m_sat_vap Slope of the saturated vapor line
massbal_hi Mass balance point i on saturated vapor line on Ponchon-Savarit stage steps
massbalance_Hi Mass balance point i on saturated liquid line on Ponchon-Savarit stage steps
min_trays Stage-number vector used to determine minimum number of stages required (at infinite reflux)
min_reflux Minimum reflux (at infinite number of stages)
mintray_equil_i Equilibrium line point i used to find minimum number of stages
mintray_op_i Operating line point i used to find minimum number of stages
mt_equil_i Equilibrium line point number i used for stage step plotting on McCabe-Thiele plot
mt_op_i Operating line point number i used for stage step plotting on McCabe-Thiele plot
mt_x_i Point number i for x-axis plotting on McCabe-Thiele plot
q Feed quality
Qc Condenser heat duty
Qr Reboiler heat duty
R Reflux ratio
root_i Root of quadratic equation used to find intersection of of q and equilibrium lines
slope_stripping Slope of the stripping line
stages Number of stages required to achieve desired Xw
stage_number Stage-number vector used to determine number of stages required to achieve desired Xw
vap_HA Enthalpy of saturated A vapor
vap_HB Enthalpy of saturated B vapor
W Bottoms flowrate
X_del_D X-position of the "D" point
X_del_W X-position of the "W" point
x_i Fraction of lower boiling component in liquid leaving stage i
Xd Fraction of lower boiling component in distillate
Xf Fraction of lower boiling component in feed
Xint_q_enrich X-intersect of q and enriching lines
Xint_q_equ X-intersect of q and equilibrium lines
Xs X-position of switching point
Xw Fraction of lower boiling component in bottoms
y_i Fraction of lower boiling component in vapor leaving stage i
Yint_q_enrich Y-intersect of q and enriching lines
Yint_q_equ Y-intersect of q and equilibrium lines

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