Beruflich Dokumente
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Citations
With each quotation or paraphrase that appears in your assignments there must be some
acknowledgement of where that information comes from. In academic writing we call this
acknowledgement a citation. For the Harvard referencing style we use an in-text citation i.e. the
citation appears within the sentences and paragraphs of your assignment. The in text citation is
surrounded by parenthesis i.e. rounded brackets ( ). This can be embedded within a sentence or
placed at the end of a sentence. The full details about the source are then placed at the end of
document in a bibliography or cited works/reference list. Each entry is normally listed in alphabetical
order.
Paraphrasing
When you include the arguments, ideas, or theories of anyone other than yourself in your assignment
but put them into your own words, this is called paraphrasing. Any type of paraphrasing will need to
acknowledge the source you originally obtained the information from.
Quoting
When you include the words of someone elses work in your essay you are quoting. You must indicate
that the words you are using are not your own. To do this you will use speech marks or single inverted
commas around the words you are quoting.
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is presenting another persons work as your own. When you include the arguments, ideas,
or theories of someone else, or use the words they have used and present them as your own
argument, then this is plagiarism. Plagiarism in written work can occur intentionally (e.g. you copy a
section from a book without referencing it) or unintentionally (e.g. you paraphrase another person's
work or ideas but fail to acknowledge them as the source).
Refworks
RefWorks is a web-based tool accessible anywhere with your University username and password. You
can access your information online from any computer, anywhere, any time. More information can be
found here: http://www.roehampton.ac.uk/RefWorks.aspx
Paraphrase: (Surname of author of article, Example: Frostag, P. & S. J. Pijl, (2007) Does
Year) being friendly help in making friends? The
Example: (Frostag &Pijl, 2007) relationship between social position and social skills
of pupils with special needs in mainstream
education, European Journal of Special Needs
Education, 20 (1) 15 - 30
Website Quotation: (Surname of author of website Surname, Initial., OR Corporate author, (Year site
OR Corporate author, Year: p.no.) created/upYeard) Title of Webpage in Italics,
Example: (NSPCC, 2009:13) Available at: full web address, (accessed:
dd/mm/yy)
Paraphrase: (Surname of author of article,
Year) Example: NSPCC, (2009) NSPCC response to 21st
Example: (NSPCC, 2009) Century Schools: A World Class Education for Every
Child, Available at:
HINT: Corporate author is the organisation http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/policyandpublicaff
that has created the source airs/Consultations/2009/21stCenturySchools_wdf64
HINT: most websites will not have page 379.pdf, (accessed: 15/06/09)
numbers unless pdfs
Audio/Visual Quotation: (Title of A/V Source, Year) Title of A/V Source, (Year) Directed by Directors
Source Example: (Dirty Harry, 1971) Surname, Directors Initial., [Film] Place of
Production: Distributor
Paraphrase: (Title of A/V Source, Year)
Example: (Dirty Harry, 1971) Example: Dirty Harry (1971) Directed by Siegel,
D., [Film] London: BFI
Remember: This handout is a guide only. For full details of how to reference an extensive
range of sources, as well as further advice and guidance on referencing, please visit the
University of Roehampton Harvard Referencing Guide. Some tutors will have different
expectations for referencing or bibliographies and you must follow these exactly.