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SAUDI ARABIA / SHUQAIQ-II PROJECT

COURSE-F
ITEM Turbine and Auxiliaries

CONTENTS
Turbine

15 May 2009

MITSUBISHI HEAVY INDUSTRIES, LTD.


NAGASAKI SHIPYARD & MACHINARY WORKS
Turbine PAGE 2

Contents

1. Feature of SHUQAIQ-II Steam Turbine ------------ PAGE 3


2. Construction of Turbine -------------------------------- PAGE 9
3. Overhaul Maintenance --------------------------------- PAGE 46
4. Bolt Tightening Procedure ---------------------------- PAGE 154

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 3

Contents

1. Feature of SHUQAIQ-II Steam Turbine ------------ PAGE 3


2. Construction of Turbine -------------------------------- PAGE 9
3. Overhaul Maintenance --------------------------------- PAGE 46
4. Bolt Tightening Procedure ---------------------------- PAGE 154

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 4

SPECIFICATION
TURBINE PROPER
Type Tandem compound double exhaust
condensing reheat type (TC2F-33)

Number Three (3)


Rated output 340,000 kW
Rated Speed 3,600 rpm
Direction of rotation Clockwise
(View from gov. end)
Design steam condition
Steam pressure at main stop valve 166.7 bar(a)
Steam temperature at main stop valve 538.0
Steam temperature at reheat stop valve 538.0
Vacuum at condenser top 0.096 bar(a)
No. of extractions for feed water heating Seven (7)

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 5

TURBINE & GENERATOR OUTLINE

GENERATOR LP TURBINE HP-IP TURBINE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 6

TANDEM COMPOUND TURBINE


MSV & GV

RSV & ICV

LP TURBINE

HP-IP TURBINE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 7

TANDEM COMPOUND TURBINE

LP Last Stage Blade

LP Turbine
Exhaust Flow
Turbine Type : TC 2F - 33
Tandem Compound
The Number of LP Turbine Exhaust Flow
LP Blade Height at Last Stage

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 8

STEAM PASS OF TURBINE COMPONENTS

LP Turbine HP/IP Turbine



Main Steam Flow from Boiler


HP Turbine Exhaust Flow to Boiler
Reheat Steam Flow from Boiler
IP Turbine Exhaust Flow to LP Turbine
Steam Flow from IP Turbine
LP Turbine Exhaust Flow to Condenser
MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 9

Contents

1. Feature of SHUQAIQ-II Steam Turbine ------------ PAGE 3


2. Construction of Turbine -------------------------------- PAGE 9
3. Overhaul Maintenance --------------------------------- PAGE 46
4. Bolt Tightening Procedure ---------------------------- PAGE 154

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 10

HP-IP Turbine

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 11

HP-IP TURBINE CUTAWAY VIEW

MSD-3-0073

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 12

SECTIONAL VIEW OF HP-IP TURBINE


HP
7 6 23 4 28 INLET 3 9 8 2 29
16 15 5
IP
EXHAUST

GEN.SIDE GOV. SIDE

18 13 16 16 21 20 19 24

17

OPERATING FLOOR

IP
INLET
HP
22 HP EXHAUST
INLET

12 26 15 27 10 14 15 11 12
25
25
13
1 ROTOR 15 DOWEL
2 OUTER CASING 16 ROTOR BALANCING HOLE
3 INNER CASING 17 HP PEDESTAL
4 NOZZLE BLOCK 18 NO. 2&3 BEARING PEDESTAL
5 HP BLADE RING 19 MAIN OIL PUMP
6 IP NO.1 BLADE RING 20 THRUST BEARING
7 IP NO.2 BLADE RING 21 NO.1 MAIN BEARING
8 ROTATING BLADE 22 NO.2 MAIN BEARING
9 STATIONARY BLADE RING 23 THERMAL SHIELD
10 HP-IP DUMMY RING 24 MOST DEVICE
11 LP DUMMY RING 25 CENTERING BEAM
12 INNER GLAND CASING 26 NO.5 EXTRACTION NOZZLE
MSD-3-0074 13 OUTER GLAND CASING 27 NO.6 EXTRACTION NOZZLE
14 RATEAU STAGE BLADE 28
29

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CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 13

SAMPLE

HIP TURBINE ASSEMBLY

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 14

HIP OUTER CASING


(UPPER)

HIP INNER CASING


(UPPER & LOWER)
SAMPLE

IP No.2 BLADE RING


HP BLADE RING

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CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 15

DETAIL OF HP-IP TURBINE

16

DETAIL OF CONTROL STAGE (FIRST STAGAE)

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CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 16
DETAIL OF CONTROL STAGE (FIRST STAGE)
TYPE: IMPULSE BLADING RATEAU STAGE
13
12

1 4

6
7

2 11

9
3

5
8
4

10

1 MAIN STEAM NOZZLE


2 INNER CASING
3 NOZZLE BLOCK
4 RATEAU STAGE BLADE
5 ROTOR
6 SEAL RINGS
7 SEAL RING RETAINER
8 HP-IP DUMMY RING
9 DOWEL
10 GLAND SEAL RING
11 LOCK PIN
12 SHROUD
13 TENON

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 17

DETAIL OF HP-IP TURBINE

16

DETAIL OF HP BLADING

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 18

OCK
SEAL STRIP

STATIONARY BLADE BASE

HP BLADE RING
STEAM
OUT HP-IP ROTOR

7C 8C 9C
2C 3C 4C 5C 6C
1C

ROTATION
1S 2S 3S 4S 5S
6S 7S 8S
9S

TOTAL 9 STAGES
ROTATING BLADE

STATIONARY BLADE SHROUD

STATIONARY BLADE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 19

F3D ISB REACTION BLADE

Stationary Blade Rotating Blade

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 20

DETAIL OF HP-IP TURBINE

16

DETAIL OF IP BLADING

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 21

DETAIL OF IP TURBINE REACTION BLADING


IP NO.2 BLADE RING IP NO.1 BLADE RING

PACKING STRIP

SEAL STRIP

STATIONARY BLADE BASE

HP-IP DUMMY RING


STEAM
STEAM IN
OUT

ROTATING BLADE SHROUD

ROTATING BLADE

TOTAL 7 STAGES

ROTOR BALANCING
PLUG HOLE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 22

HP-IP DUMMY RING, LP DUMMY RING

16

HP-IP DUMMY RING LP DUMMY RING

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 23

HP-IP TURBINE THRUST BALANCE


Balance Pipe
Balance Pipe

LP Dummy
HP- IP Dummy Ring
Ring


< Balance of Thrust Force >
HP Blade = HP Dummy
IP Blade + IP Dummy = LP Dummy
MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 24

LP Turbine

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 25

LP TURBINE CUTAWAY VIEW

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 26

SECTIONAL VIEW OF LP TURBINE


STEAM
INLET
11 5 10 4 3 9 1 ROTOR
2 OUTER CASING 1 ROTOR
3 NO.2 INNER CA
2 OUTER CASING COVER
4 NO.1 INNER CA
5 INNER FLOW G 3 NO.2 INNER CASING
6 EXHAUST FLOW
4 NO.1 INNER CASING
7 ROTATING BLA
8 STATIONARY B 5 INNER FLOW GUIDE RING
9 BREAKABLE DI 6 EXHAUST FLOW GUIDE RING
10 ROTOR BALAN
11 ROTOR GLAND 7 ROTATING BLADE
2 12 NO. 2&3 BEARI 8 STATIONARY BLADE RING
13 NO.4 BEARING
23 13 22 21 15 14 NO.3 MAIN BEA 9 BREAKABLE DIAPHRAGM
15 NO.4 MAIN BEA 10 ROTOR BALANCING HOLE
10 16 NO.1 EXTRACT
17 NO.2 EXTRACT
11 ROTOR GLAND
18 NO.3 EXTRACT 12 NO. 2&3 BEARING PEDESTAL
11 19 NO.4 EXTRACT
20 EXHAUST HOO
13 NO.4 BEARING PEDESTAL
21 VIBRATION PIC 14 NO.3 MAIN BEARING
14 21 12 22 DIFFERENTIAL
ROTOR GROUN
15 NO.4 MAIN BEARING
23
24 CROSS OVER P 16 NO.1 EXTRACTION NOZZLE
17 NO.2 EXTRACTION NOZZLE
18 NO.3 EXTRACTION NOZZLE
GEN. SIDE GOV. SIDE 19 NO.4 EXTRACTION NOZZLE
20 EXHAUST HOOD SPRAY PIPE
21 VIBRATION PICK UP
22 DIFFERENTIAL PICK UP
23 ROTOR GROUNDING DEVICE
24 CROSS OVER PIPE ADAPTER

GLAND STEAM OUTLET


GLAND STEAM OUTET
GLAND STEAM INLET

GLAND STEAM INLET


STEAM STEAM
OUTLET OUTLET

1 16 18 19 16 20 11

17 17

MSD-3-0076

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 27

SAMPLE

LP OUTER CASING LP OUTER CASING


(UPPER) (LOWER)

LP INNER CASING
(UPPER)
LP INNER CASING
(LOWER)

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 28

SAMPLE

LP TURBINE ROTOR

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 29

DETAIL OF LP TURBINE
STEAM
INLET
11 5 10 4 3 9

15
10

11

14 21 12

DETAIL OF LP BLADING
MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 30

DETAIL OF LP TURBINE REACTION BLADING

TOTAL 5 STAGES / ONE FLOW

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 31

INTEGRAL SHROUD BLADE (ISB)


Integral Shroud

Snubber

Straight Side-Entry

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 32

DETAIL OF BREAKABLE DIAPHRAGM


STEAM
INLET
11 5 10 4 3 9

15
10

11

14 21 12

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 33

BREAKABLE DIAPHRAGM
2

3 4 5
VIEW "A - A"

1 LP OUTER CASING
2 GUARD
3 DIAPHRAGM PRESSURE DISC
4 DIAPHRAGM
5 DIAPHRAGM RETAINING RING
6 DISC SUPPORT

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 34

PRESSURE RELEAF MECHANIZM


2

SOME GAP

3 4 5

CUT VIEW "A - A"

PRESSURISED

IF LP CASING INTERNAL PRESSURE IS


1 LP OUTER CASING INCREASED, DIAPHRAGM PRESSURE
2 GUARD
DISC CUT THE LEAD DIAPHRAGM,
3 DIAPHRAGM PRESSURE DISC
4 DIAPHRAGM AND RELEASE THE PRESSURISED
5 DIAPHRAGM RETAINING RING STEAM
6 DISC SUPPORT LEAD DIAPHRAGM
THICKNESS = 1mm

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 35

CHECK POINT OF BREAKABLE DIAPHRAGM

Visual check of cracks, rumplespartially cut into lead diaphragm

Replace the lead diaphragm.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 36

TURBINE CASING CENTERING BEAM ARRANGEMENT

CL OF N

CL OF N
CL OF L
GOV. SIDE

L OF MAIN STEAM INLET


L OF NO.4 BRG.

THERMAL EXPANSION IN THE OPERATION

L OF MAIN OIL PUMP


C

L OF THRUST BRG.
L OF NO.1 BRG.
C
NO.2&3 BEARING
PEDESTAL

C
MAIN STEAM INLET

SPEED PICKUP

VIBRATION KEY PHASOR


PICKUP PICKUP
ECCENTRICITY
PICKUP
ROTOR POSITION
PICKUP

ROT
C
L OF T/G UNIT

OPERATING FLO

FIXED POINT
TO
FOUNDATION

CENTERING TIE BEAM CENTERING BEAM


BETWEEN HIP AND LP BETWEEN HIP AND PEDESTAL

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 37

TURBINE CASING CENTRING BEAM BETWEEN HIP AND PEDESTAL

NO.2&3 BEARING
PEDESTAL
SPHERICAL
SPACER WASHER
STUD BOLT
CENTERING BEAM

NUT

BUSHING
HP-IP TURBINE
BOLT CASING

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 38

TURBINE CASING CENTRING BEAM BETWEEN HIP AND LP

HP PEDESTAL

SPACER
WASHER
SPHERICAL
STUD BOLT

CENTERING BEAM

NUT NUT

SPHERICAL BUSHING
WASHER
BOLT
HP-IP TURBINE
CASING

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 39

TURBINE CASING ANCHOR BLOCK ARRANGEMENT


AXIAL ANCHOR BLOCK

CL OF MAIN STEAM INLET


L OF GENERATOR

L OF LP.TURBINE
L OF NO.6 BRG.

L OF NO.5 BRG.

L OF NO.4 BRG.

L OF NO.3 BRG.

L OF NO.2 BRG.

L OF NO.1 BRG.
ON CYLINDER
GEN. SIDE C GOV. SIDE

C
GENERATOR LP.TURBINE HIP.TURBINE

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK


SEE DETAIL "A"

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK AXIAL ANCHOR BLOCK TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK


SEE DETAIL "B" SEE DETAIL "D" SEE DETAIL "C"

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 40

TURBINE CASING ANCHOR BLOCK ARRANGEMENT


ANCHOR BLOCK
AXIAL ANCHOR BLOCK
LINER

LP CASING

CL OF MAIN STEAM INLET


L OF GENERATOR

L OF LP.TURBINE
L OF NO.6 BRG.

L OF NO.5 BRG.

L OF NO.4 BRG.

L OF NO.3 BRG.

L OF NO.2 BRG.

L OF NO.1 BRG.
ON CYLINDER
GEN. SIDE C LP SEATING PLATE GOV. SIDE

C
GROUT

SPOT WELDING S
(UPPER 1 POINT)
GENERATOR
LP SEATING PLATE CLEARANCE
LP.TURBINE HIP.TURBINE
0.02~0.04
LP CASING (EACH SIDE)

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK OPERATING


SEE DETAIL "A" FLOOR

SPOT WELDING
GROUT (SIDE 2 POINTS)

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK AXIAL ANCHOR BLOCK TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK


SEE DETAIL "B" SEE DETAIL "D" SEE DETAIL "C"

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 41

TURBINE CASING ANCHOR BLOCK ARRANGEMENT


ANCHOR BLOCK
AXIAL ANCHOR BLOCK
LINER

LP CASING

CL OF MAIN STEAM INLET


L OF GENERATOR

L OF LP.TURBINE
L OF NO.6 BRG.

L OF NO.5 BRG.

L OF NO.4 BRG.

L OF NO.3 BRG.

L OF NO.2 BRG.

L OF NO.1 BRG.
ON CYLINDER
GEN. SIDE C LP SEATING PLATE GOV. SIDE

C
GROUT

SPOT WELDING S
(UPPER 1 POINT)
GENERATOR
LP SEATING PLATE CLEARANCE
LP.TURBINE HIP.TURBINE
0.02~0.04
LP CASING (EACH SIDE)

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK OPERATING


SEE DETAIL "A" FLOOR

SPOT WELDING
GROUT (SIDE 2 POINTS)

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK AXIAL ANCHOR BLOCK TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK


SEE DETAIL "B" SEE DETAIL "D" SEE DETAIL "C"

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 42

TURBINE CASING ANCHOR BLOCK ARRANGEMENT

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK

CL OF MAIN STEAM INLET


CL OF GENERATOR

CL OF LP.TURBINE
CL OF NO.6 BRG.

CL OF NO.5 BRG.

CL OF NO.4 BRG.

CL OF NO.3 BRG.

CL OF NO.2 BRG.

CL OF NO.1 BRG.
ON CYLINDER
GEN. SIDE GOV. SIDE

GENERATOR LP.TURBINE HIP.TURBINE

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK


SEE DETAIL "A"

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK AXIAL ANCHOR BLOCK TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK


SEE DETAIL "B" SEE DETAIL "D" SEE DETAIL "C"

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 43

TURBINE CASING ANCHOR BLOCK ARRANGEMENT


TRANSVERSE
4
1 ANCHOR BLOCK
LP CASING
LP SEATING PLATE
ATE

CL OF MAIN STEAM INLET


Q

CL OF GENERATOR

CL OF LP.TURBINE
CL OF NO.6 BRG.

CL OF NO.5 BRG.

CL OF NO.4 BRG.

CL OF NO.3 BRG.

CL OF NO.2 BRG.

CL OF NO.1 BRG.
OPERATING

ON CYLINDER
GEN. SIDE GOV. SIDE
FLOOR

GROUT GR

GENERATOR LP.TURBINE HIP.TURBINE


DETAIL "B"
LP CASING

CLEARANCE

(EACH SIDE)
GENERATOR BRACKET 4
0.02~0.04
TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK
SEE DETAIL "A"

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK AXIAL ANCHOR BLOCK TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK


SEE DETAIL "B" SEE DETAIL "D" SEE DETAIL "C"
CLEARANCE

(EACH SIDE)
0.02~0.04

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 44

TURBINE CASING ANCHOR BLOCK ARRANGEMENT


TRANSVERSE
4
1 ANCHOR BLOCK
LP CASING
LP SEATING PLATE
ATE

CL OF MAIN STEAM INLET


Q

CL OF GENERATOR

CL OF LP.TURBINE
CL OF NO.6 BRG.

CL OF NO.5 BRG.

CL OF NO.4 BRG.

CL OF NO.3 BRG.

CL OF NO.2 BRG.

CL OF NO.1 BRG.
OPERATING

ON CYLINDER
GEN. SIDE GOV. SIDE
FLOOR

GROUT GR

GENERATOR LP.TURBINE HIP.TURBINE


DETAIL "B"
LP CASING

CLEARANCE

(EACH SIDE)
GENERATOR BRACKET 4
0.02~0.04
TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK
SEE DETAIL "A"

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK AXIAL ANCHOR BLOCK TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK


SEE DETAIL "B" SEE DETAIL "D" SEE DETAIL "C"
CLEARANCE

(EACH SIDE)
0.02~0.04

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 45

TURBINE CASING ANCHOR BLOCK ARRANGEMENT

CL OF MAIN STEAM INLET


CL OF GENERATOR

CL OF LP.TURBINE
CL OF NO.6 BRG.

CL OF NO.5 BRG.

CL OF NO.4 BRG.

CL OF NO.3 BRG.

CL OF NO.2 BRG.

CL OF NO.1 BRG.
ON CYLINDER
GEN. SIDE GOV. SIDE

GENERATOR LP.TURBINE HIP.TURBINE

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK


SEE DETAIL "A"

TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK AXIAL ANCHOR BLOCK TRANSVERSE ANCHOR BLOCK


SEE DETAIL "B" SEE DETAIL "D" SEE DETAIL "C"

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 46

Contents

1. Feature of SHUQAIQ-II Steam Turbine ------------ PAGE 3


2. Construction of Turbine -------------------------------- PAGE 9
3. Overhaul Maintenance --------------------------------- PAGE 46
4. Bolt Tightening Procedure ---------------------------- PAGE 154

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 47

MAJOR OVERHAUL
Preparation
1 Shut down the turbine and when it has come to rest, start the turning
gear, lubricating oil pumps should continue in operation.

When the highest first stage metal temperature is below 170C, the
turning gear can be stopped.

IP
INLET

FIRST STAGE METAL TEMPERATURE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 48

Disassembling
1 Remove the IP to LP cylinder crossover pipes and visually check for
deformation and cracking within the pipe and the expansion joints. Check
for erosion on the inside surfaces.

EXPANSION JOINT CROSS OVER PIPE

GEN. SIDE GOV. SIDE

STEAM FLOW

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 49

Detail Procedure and Caution for Disassembling !!

1. Loosen nut of reamer bolts first


2. Loosen nut of other bolts, but four nut allocated cross on the flange
shall be remained. These four nuts shall be loosen after ready of
lifting up by crane.
3. Loosen last four nuts, lift up the cross over pipe carefully to keep
horizontally sling.
4. In some case, the gasket packing might be stacked in long term
operation, sling gradually but not forced

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 50

TURBINE & GENERATOR


LAY DOWN PLAN

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 51

2 Remove the LP upper half turbine shaft gland casings.


STEAM
INLET
11 5 10 4 3 9 1 ROTOR
2 OUTER CASING
3 NO.2 INNER CA
4 NO.1 INNER CA
5 INNER FLOW G
6 EXHAUST FLOW
7 ROTATING BLA
8 STATIONARY B
9 BREAKABLE DI
10 ROTOR BALAN
11 ROTOR GLAND
2 12 NO. 2&3 BEARI
13 NO.4 BEARING
23 13 22 21 15 14 NO.3 MAIN BEA
15 NO.4 MAIN BEA
10 16 NO.1 EXTRACT
17 NO.2 EXTRACT
18 NO.3 EXTRACT
11 19 NO.4 EXTRACT
20 EXHAUST HOO
21 VIBRATION PIC
14 21 12 22 DIFFERENTIAL
23 ROTOR GROUN
24 CROSS OVER P

GEN. SIDE GOV. SIDE

GLAND STEAM OUTLET


GLAND STEAM OUTET
GLAND STEAM INLET

GLAND STEAM INLET


STEAM STEAM
OUTLET OUTLET

1 16 18 19 16 20 11

17 17

MSD-3-0076

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 52

3 Remove the LP outer cylinder covers


STEAM
INLET
11 5 10 4 3 9 1 ROTOR
2 OUTER CASING
3 NO.2 INNER CA
4 NO.1 INNER CA
5 INNER FLOW G
6 EXHAUST FLOW
7 ROTATING BLA
8 STATIONARY B
9 BREAKABLE DI
10 ROTOR BALAN
11 ROTOR GLAND
2 12 NO. 2&3 BEARI
13 NO.4 BEARING
23 13 22 21 15 14 NO.3 MAIN BEA
15 NO.4 MAIN BEA
10 16 NO.1 EXTRACT
17 NO.2 EXTRACT
18 NO.3 EXTRACT
11 19 NO.4 EXTRACT
20 EXHAUST HOO
21 VIBRATION PIC
14 21 12 22 DIFFERENTIAL
23 ROTOR GROUN
24 CROSS OVER P

GEN. SIDE GOV. SIDE

GLAND STEAM OUTLET


GLAND STEAM OUTET
GLAND STEAM INLET

GLAND STEAM INLET


STEAM STEAM
OUTLET OUTLET

1 16 18 19 16 20 11

17 17

MSD-3-0076

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 53

Detail Procedure and Caution for Disassembling !!

1 Have electricians remove the thermocouple


lead wires. Manhole for
Maintenance
2 Label all LP outer cylinder cover bolts and nuts.
3 Loosen the flange bolts on all LP outer cylinder
manhole covers.
4 Install eye bolts in the manhole covers.
5 Install lifting gear to the eye bolts.
6 Support the weight of the covers using the lifting
gear.
7 Remove the bolts and the manhole covers.
8 Transport the manhole covers to the laydown
area.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 54

9 Disassemble of the Exhaust Flow Guide rings are performed


inside the LP outer casing.
9-1 Disconnect the spray nozzle piping (unions) to the flow guide.
9-2 Connect the lifting gear to the exhaust flow guide upper half.
9-3 Install chain blocks between the exhaust flow guide upper half
and the eye plate.
9-4 Remove all flange bolts from the exhaust flow guide upper
half except for four bolts adjacent to the jack screws.
9-5 Adjust the lifting gear to support the weight of flow guide upper
half.
9-6 Tighten the jack screws and loosen eccentric pins
9-7 Remove the jackscrews, lift the exhaust flow guide upper half,
and fasten it securely to LP outer cylinder cover.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 55

Detail of Exhaust Flow Guide


LP OUTER CASING

NO.2 INNER CASING a EXHAUST FLOW GUIDE

c TURN BUCKLE
d TURN BUCKLE

d
1 PIN
2 BUSH
Upper 3 BOLT
4 U-NUT

HORIZONTAL JOINT

Lower

"b" HOLE "a" HOLE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 56

Detail of Exhaust Flow Guide

4 2
NO.2 INNER CASING NO.2 INNER CASING

3 1

"a" HOLE "b" HOLE


DETAIL DETAIL

a EXHAUST FLOW GUIDE


c TURN BUCKLE
d TURN BUCKLE

1 PIN
2 BUSH
3 BOLT
4 U-NUT

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 57

10 Remove the horizontal joint bolts from the LP outer cylinder


base.
11 Install jack screws in the horizontal joint flange, and hand tighten
to contact the base horizontal joint face.
12 Turn the jack screws half a turn at a time to open the horizontal
joint

Maintaining equal loading on the jack screws and equal gap at


horizontal joint opening !!
13 Connect the LP outer cylinder cover lifting gear to the LP outer
cylinder cover
14 Tension the wire ropes and position the hook over the center of
gravity,

Make a trial lift and adjust the lifting equipment to be even lift !!

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 58

LP TURBINE LIFTING GEAR ASSEMBLY

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 59

LP OUTER CASING
UPPER
LIFTING PLAN

10835
Highest hook position (75t)
= FL+22835

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 60

15 Attach a tag line to each end of the LP outer cylinder cover to


control any rotation of the cylinder during the lift.
16 Evenly raise the LP outer cylinder cover in small increments until
it stands clear of the bolts.
17 Lift the LP outer cylinder cover clear of the turbine components
and transport it to the planned lay-down area.
18 Set wooden supports on the floor to support the LP outer
cylinder cover.
19 Protect the horizontal joints of the LP outer cylinder cover.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 61

3 Remove the LP outer cylinder covers and visually check for


deformation and leakage erosion of the horizontal flange.

Check the welded portion of the internal stays and ribs and perform a dye
penetrant test on the welded joints.

Check for erosion on the inside surface of the upper and lower cylinders.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 62

EROSION AND STEAM LEAKAGE FROM HORIZONTAL FLANGE

1
9
4
7
3
10

13
12
8

SAMPLE
HORIZONTAL FLANGE

IF IT IS TOO MUCH AREA, RECOMMEND TO MACHINING OF SURFACE


IF NOT, RECOMMENDED TO OBSERVE IN NEXT OVERHAUL

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 63

4 Disassemble the following steam admission valves

The disassembly and reassembly procedures are described in O & M


manual:
- main stop valves and governing valves
- reheat stop valves
- interceptor valves

CAUTION:
When disassembling these
piping flange, pull temporally
by jacking wire in order to
disassemble the flange and to
prevent sudden movement
due to cold spring force.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 64

MAIN STEAM INLET PIPING FLANGE DISCONNECTING

GEN. SIDE
MAIN STOP VALVE
HP-IP TURBINE

MAIN STEAM
INLET PIPE

CL OF MAIN STEAM INLET

H H HP TURBINE
INLET PIPE

GOV. SIDE
HP TURBINE
MAIN STEAM INLET PIPE
INLET SLEEVE
MAIN STOP
VALVE

C
HP-IP TURBINE
B
Pulled this
CL OF TURBINE

OPERATING FLOOR
way

MAIN STEAM
INLET SLEEVE

MAIN STEAM
GOV. SIDE VIEW INLET PIPE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 65

5 Disassemble the LP inner cylinder covers


STEAM
INLET
11 5 10 4 3 9 1 ROTOR
2 OUTER CASING
3 NO.2 INNER CA
4 NO.1 INNER CA
5 INNER FLOW G
6 EXHAUST FLOW
7 ROTATING BLA
8 STATIONARY B
9 BREAKABLE DI
10 ROTOR BALAN
11 ROTOR GLAND
2 12 NO. 2&3 BEARI
13 NO.4 BEARING
23 13 22 21 15 14 NO.3 MAIN BEA
15 NO.4 MAIN BEA
10 16 NO.1 EXTRACT
17 NO.2 EXTRACT
18 NO.3 EXTRACT
11 19 NO.4 EXTRACT
20 EXHAUST HOO
21 VIBRATION PIC
14 21 12 22 DIFFERENTIAL
23 ROTOR GROUN
24 CROSS OVER P

GEN. SIDE GOV. SIDE

GLAND STEAM OUTLET


GLAND STEAM OUTET
GLAND STEAM INLET

GLAND STEAM INLET


STEAM STEAM
OUTLET OUTLET

1 16 18 19 16 20 11

17 17

MSD-3-0076

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 66

Detail Procedure and Caution for Disassembling !!


1 Match mark and remove the access cover plates to expose the internal
horizontal joint bolts.

Access Cover Plate

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 67

NOTE for Bolt Removing


(1) Refer to O&M Manual to identify the horizontal joint bolts, and
to prepare the required bolt heater type and size.
(2) Remove the bolts from both the left and right sides of the LP cylinder
Bolt Arrangement on right hand side
R & L R&L R&L

R & L R&L

R & L R&L

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 68

2 Mark nuts with their respective number and indicate RS or LS.


3 Take bolt stretch measurement before removing bolts.
4 Heat the bolts having provision for heaters
Note: To avoid heating the casing flange excessively, frequently try to
loosen the nuts.
5 Remove the nuts and bolt from reamer bolt first.
6 Remove the other bolt in accordance with the NOTE as above.
7 Inspect and clean the jackscrew threads.
8 Lubricate and install jackscrews into horizontal joint flange, and hand
tighten until contact is made with base horizontal joint flange.
9 Turn the jack screws half a turn at a time to open the horizontal joint and
maintain an equal gap at the horizontal joint openings.
10 Connect the appropriate lifting gear to the inner cylinder cover.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 69

11 Continue turning the jack screws, ensuring equal distance at all points
until the inner cylinder cover is clear of the dowels.
12 With the hook over the center of gravity, tension the wire ropes.
13 Make a trial lift to confirm that the cover horizontal joint is parallel to the
base horizontal joint.
14 Attach tag lines to each end of the inner cylinder cover to control any
rotation of the cover during the lift.
15 Evenly raise the inner cylinder cover in small increments until the cover
is clear of the bolt members.
16 Transport the inner cylinder cover to the planned lay-down area.
17 Protect the horizontal joint of the inner cylinder cover.
18 Lower the inner cylinder cover onto wooden blocks.

Same Procedure can be applied for other upper halves.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 70

5 Disassemble the LP inner cylinder covers and visually check for


deformation and leakage from the horizontal flange.

Remove any scale from the stationary blades and perform a dye penetrant
test to check for cracks.

Any countermeasure for damage should be decided by the inspection


results.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 71

6 Disassemble the LP turbine steam chamber cover, upper halves of L-0


diaphragm, upper halves of L-1 diaphragm and inner flow guide ring STEAM
INLET
11 5 10 4 3 9 1 ROTOR
2 OUTER CASING
3 NO.2 INNER CA
4 NO.1 INNER CA
5 INNER FLOW G
6 EXHAUST FLOW
7 ROTATING BLA
8 STATIONARY B
9 BREAKABLE DI
10 ROTOR BALAN
11 ROTOR GLAND
2 12 NO. 2&3 BEARI
13 NO.4 BEARING
23 13 22 21 15 14 NO.3 MAIN BEA
15 NO.4 MAIN BEA
10 16 NO.1 EXTRACT
17 NO.2 EXTRACT
18 NO.3 EXTRACT
11 19 NO.4 EXTRACT
20 EXHAUST HOO
21 VIBRATION PIC
14 21 12 22 DIFFERENTIAL
23 ROTOR GROUN
24 CROSS OVER P

GEN. SIDE GOV. SIDE

GLAND STEAM OUTLET


GLAND STEAM OUTET
GLAND STEAM INLET

GLAND STEAM INLET


STEAM STEAM
OUTLET OUTLET

1 16 18 19 16 20 11

17 17

MSD-3-0076

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 72

SAMPLE PHOTO OF DISASSENBLING OF LP TURBINE

SAMPLE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 73

6 Disassemble the LP turbine steam chamber cover, upper halves of L-0


diaphragm, upper halves of L-1 diaphragm and inner flow guide ring and
visually check for deformation and leakage from the horizontal flange.

Remove any scale from the stationary blades and perform a dye penetrant
test to check for cracks.

Any countermeasure for damage should be decided by the inspection


results.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 74

7 Remove the outer shaft gland upper casings of the HP-IP turbine from
both ends.

16

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 75

8 Disassemble the combined HP-IP outer cylinder cover

16

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 76

Detail Procedure and Caution for


Disassembling !!
1 Have electricians remove the
thermocouple lead wires. R2

R1
Note for Bolt Disassembling Right hand side

(1) Refer to the Bolt Heating Data in


O&M Manual to identify the bolts and to
prepare the required heater.
Left hand side L1
(2) Remove the same numbered bolt
and/or stud from both sides of the turbine L2
simultaneously.

(3) The same procedure is to be followed


when bolt tightening during re-assembly.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 77

2 Using four bolt heaters (two on each side), heat the bolts, and remove
bolts from both the left and right sides of the cylinder in the following
sequence:

R&L

R&L R&L

Remark:
(1) Small bolt first
(2) Large bolt using bolt heater second

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 78

3 Lubricate and install jack screws


4 Install hydraulic oil jacks at locations above the arms of the lower half
cylinder.
5 Connect the outer cylinder cover lifting gear as shown in Appendix H.
6 Gradually rotate the jack screws to separate cylinder cover from the
cylinder base, and simultaneously operate the oil jacks.
7 Measure the lift at the four corners to ensure a level lift equally.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 79

HP-IP TURBINE LIFTING GEAR ASSEMBLY

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 80

8 Tension the wire rope sling with the crane hook located over the center of
gravity of the cylinder cover.
9 Make a trial lift and adjust the lift so that the cover horizontal joint is
parallel to the base horizontal joint.
10 Attach a tag line to each end of the outer cylinder cover to control any
rotation of the cover during the lift.
11 Evenly raise the outer cylinder cover in small increments until the cover
is clear of the bolts.
12 Transport the outer cylinder cover to the planned lay-down area.
13 Protect the horizontal joint of the outer cylinder cover.
15 Lower the outer cylinder cover onto wooden blocks.

Same Procedure can be applied for other upper halves.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 81

8 Disassemble the combined HP-IP outer cylinder cover and visually


check for deformation and leakage erosion of the horizontal flange.

Check the outside and inside surfaces of the removed cover and perform a
dye penetrant or magnetic particle test on the cover internal surfaces.

Check for cracks on pipe nozzles on the outer cylinder and on the welded
sections of the main steam and reheat steam inlet pipes using dye
penetrant and ultrasonic test procedures.

Visually check for, and measure any wear and deformation on the bell seal
rings and piston rings.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 82

9 Test the bolts used in high temperature locations (above 350C), in the
HP-IP casing, main valves, blade rings, dummy rings, etc. for deterioration,
using ultrasonic and dye penetrant tests.

SAMPLE IF BOLT IS DAMAGED


:TO BE REPLACED

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 83

EROSION AND STEAM LEAKAGE FROM HORIZONTAL FLANGE

1
11
15
13

12

16
14
18

SAMPLE 19 1
2
3
4
5
6

HORIZONTAL FLANGE

IF IT IS TOO MUCH AREA, RECOMMEND TO MACHINING OF SURFACE


IF NOT, RECOMMENDED TO OBSERVE IN NEXT OVERHAUL

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 84

DEFORMATION OF THE CASING & FLANGE

CASING & FLANGE

GAP Due to the long term operation, GAP


thermal stress may cause the
casing deformation.

RECOMMENDED CRITERIA = LESS THAN 1.5mm OUTER CASING


= LESS THAN 0.5mm INNER CASING

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 85

CHECK DEFORMATION OF THE OUTER CASING

Typical

During the assembling, without casing bolts tightening condition, put


the upper half casing on the lower half casing and measure the
clearance by thickness gage.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 86

CHECK DEFORMATION OF THE INNER CASING

During the assembling, without casing bolts tightening condition, put


the upper half casing on the lower half casing and measure the
clearance by thickness gage.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 87

CHECK CRACK IN THE TURBINE CASING BY PT

This kind of crack due to


Crack thermal stress fatigue may be
founded in long term operation.
The crack may be caused at
corner, edge shaped, and thick
part of casing

SAMPLE

The minor crack shall be removed by grinding

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 88

CHECK CRACK IN THE TURBINE CASING

If large crack is found, ask manufacture


and get recommendation, usually, it is
recommended to be observed in next
overhaul if it will grown or not.
Crack

Punch-mark

SAMPLE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 89

CHECK SCRATCH, BURR, TEAR OFF BY DISASSEMBLING

SAMPLE

SCRATCH IN
DISASSEMBLING

To be repaired by polishing by oil stone, or grinding

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 90

CHECK SCRATCH, BURRR, TEAR OFF BY DISASSEMBLING

SCRATCH IN
DISASSEMBLING

16
14
18
SAMPLE TO BE REPAIRED BY GRINDING

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 91

CHECK DAMAGE BY DISASSEMBLING

IF IT IS TOO MACH DAMMAGED


:TO BE REPARED BY WELDING

SAMPLE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 92

CHECK STACK RING CONDITION AND CLEARANCE

clearance

STACK RING diameter

clearance

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 93

10 Disassemble the HP-IP turbine inner cylinder cover, upper halves of


the HP-IP and LP dummy rings, thermal shield, upper halves of the
HP and IP blade rings and inner gland ring.
EXHAUST

6 16

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 94

10 Disassemble the HP-IP turbine inner cylinder cover, upper halves of


the HP-IP and LP dummy rings, thermal shield, and upper halves of
the HP and IP blade rings, inner gland ring.

Check for deformation and leakage erosion from the inner cylinder
cover, the dummy rings, the blade rings and the horizontal joints, and
perform a dye penetrant test.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 95

11 Disassemble the upper half of the nozzle box.

EXHAUST

6 16

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 96

11 Disassemble the upper half of the nozzle box.

Visually check for cracking and erosion of the nozzles.

Perform a dye penetrant test. Check for deterioration of bolts using


ultrasonic and dye penetrant tests.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 97

CHECK CONTROL STAGE NOZZLE


EROSION CONDITION

IF NOZZLE IS DAMAGED
: TO BE OBSERVED
IN NEXT OVERHAUL

SAMPLE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 98

12 Remove upper halves of all turbine bearing keeps and the HP pedestal
cover.

6 16 21 20 19 24

IP
INLET
HP

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 99

12 Remove upper halves of all turbine bearing keeps and the HP pedestal
cover.

Perform a dye penetrant test to check for damage to the journal


bearings. Check the contact between upper halves of the bearings
and the rotor journals.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 100

12 Remove upper halves of all turbine bearing keeps and the LP pedestal
cover.

13 22 21 15
10

11

14 21

T
MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 101

13 Remove the HP-IP to LP and LP to generator coupling bolts.

Check all coupling alignments and keep a record for reassembly.


Measure the length and the diameter of the coupling bolts.

The design clearance between the bolt and the reamed hole is 0.06
mm. If the clearance exceeds 0.10 mm, replace the bolts.

Check for any damage to the bolt thread and replace if damaged.

Inspect the teeth on the spacer of the LP to generator coupling.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 102

TURBINE COUPLING ALIGNMENT PROCEDURE

BRACKET UNIVERSAL DIAL INDICATOR


JACKING BOLT

JACKING BOLT

'X'

VIEW ON 'X'

CONCENTRICITY MEASUREMENT

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 103

SAMPLE RECORD OF COUPLING ALIGNMENT

COUPLING 0 deg.

COUPLING 180 deg.

Average

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 104

13 Remove the HP-IP to LP and LP to generator coupling bolts.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 105

CHECKING SPACER GEAR CONDITION

SAMPLE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 106

CHECKING BOLT CONDITION

SAMPLE

DAMAGED: RECOMMENDED TO REPLACE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 107

14 Remove the main oil pump cover and the impeller and casing seal rings.
15 Dismantle the upper half of the thrust bearing case, base rings, liners, etc.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 108

14 Remove the main oil pump cover and the impeller and casing seal
rings. Perform a dye penetrant test to check for damage to the main oil
pump impeller. Inspect the seal rings for any damage or wear.

15 Dismantle the upper half of the thrust bearing case, base rings, liners,
etc. Remove and inspect all thrust pads for damage or wear.
Check the thrust collar for any crack or damage.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 109

16 Remove and inspect the LP rotors.


Measure the rotor deflection and carry out a magnetic particle test.

Check for any damage or crack in the shroud and blades and carry out
dye penetrant tests.

Visually check for erosion of the stellite shields on the last row blades
and perform a dye penetrant test.

Check for and remove any scale deposits. Visually check the coupling
faces and spigots for any damage.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 110

LP ROTOR - GUIDE PILLAR LOCATION

GUIDE PILLAR
ROTOR GUIDE
FOR LPPILLAR
ROTOR

MSD-4-0135

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 111
LP TURBINE LIFTING GEAR ASSEMBLY

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 112

LP Rotor Sling Condition

NEED CLOTH BETWEEN


WIRE AND ROTOR

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 113

SAMPLE PHOTO OF LP ROTOR SLING

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 114

SAMPLE PHOTO OF LP ROTOR SLING

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 115

SAMPLE PHOTO OF LP ROTOR SLING

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 116

SAMPLE PHOTO OF DISASSENBLING OF LP TURBINE

SAMPLE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 117

LAST STAGE MOVING BLADE EROSION CONDITION

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 118

18 Remove and inspect the HP-IP rotor.

Measure the rotor deflection and carry out a magnetic particle test.

Check for damage and cracking in the shroud and blades and carry
out dye penetrant tests.

Check for and remove any deposits of scale. Visually check the
coupling faces and spigots for any damage.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 119

HP-IP TURBINE - ROTOR GUIDE PILLAR LOCATION


ROTOR GUIDE PILLAR

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 120
HP-IP TURBINE LIFTING GEAR ASSEMBLY

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 121

19 Remove all bottom half inner for inspection.

20 Disassemble the HP-IP and the LP turbine lower half cylinders


including:
- nozzle box
- HP-IP inner cylinder (before removal, cut out the impulse chamber drain
and pressure sensing pipes, between the inner and the outer cylinders)
- HP blade ring
- IP No. 1 blade ring
- IP No. 2 blade ring
- IP thermal shield
- HP-IP and LP dummy rings
- LP inner flow guide rings
- LP steam chamber

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 122

Detail Procedure and Caution for Disassembling !!

Removal of the HP Blade Ring Lower Half


1 Install safety hoist eye rings into the blade ring and tighten.
2 Connect suitable lifting gear and make a trial lift.
3 Adjust the chain blocks to evenly lift the HP blade ring lower
half.
4 Lift the blade ring clear of the inner cylinder base bolt members
and transport it to the lay-down area.
5 Disconnect and remove the lifting gear.

Same Procedure can be applied for other lower halves.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 123

22 Visually check for deformation and damage, and using dye penetrant
test, check for crack, erosion and deterioration of the inner cylinder
bolts in a similar manner to that used to check the outer cylinder bolts.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 124

Turbine Reassembly

Note: All parts are to be thoroughly cleaned before reassembly.

1 Assemble and replace all the lower half bearings and confirm that the
contact area between the bearing spherical keys and the housing
exceeds 75% of the total area.

2 Before replacing the LP bottom half glands and the LP inner lower
internal sections, straighten and adjust the seal fin and the seal strip if
found worn or damaged.

3 Reassemble the following LP turbine lower internal sections:


- LP inner flow guide rings
- LP steam chamber
- L-0 and L-1 diaphragm

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 125

DAMAGED SEAL FIN

RECOMMEND TO
REPLACE
REPARED BY HAND

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 126

Detail Procedure and Caution for Reassembling !!


Installation of the L-0 and L-1 diaphragm Lower Half
1 Clean the LP inner casing base tongue and groove fits.
2 Clean and lubricate the dowel and mating areas on the Gov End L-0 and
L-1 diaphragm lower half.
3 Install safety hoist ring bolts and tighten.
4 Connect suitable lifting gear.
5 Make a trial lift and adjust to evenly lift the blade ring lower half.
6 Transport the lower half from the lay down area to the turbine base
7 Lower the L-0 and L-1 diaphragm lower half slowly and evenly into
the tongue and groove fit until the horizontal joint is even with the
horizontal joint of the LP inner casing base and the weight is on
the support keys.
8 Remove the lifting gear.

Same Procedure can be applied for other lower halves.


MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 127

Typical Blade Ring Support


CLEARANCE AT ASS'Y: 0.15~0.20 mm

SHIM If blade ring setting level


LINER adjustment is necessary, it
SOCKET HEAD is adjusted by using shim
SCREW
in the cylinder base.

SOCKET HEAD

HORIZONTAL JOINT

SUPPORT KEY
LINER

SHIM

BLADE RING
(LOWER HALF)
CYLINDER BASE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 128

Note: LP rotor is to be positioned in the K position before rotor to gland


seal clearances are measured.

3 When replacing the LP rotors, with reference to the clearance tables,


set the radial and axial clearances and then set the turbine differential
expansion pick-ups.

Note: The procedure for measuring the turbine gland clearance is


detailed in O & M manual.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 129

LP TURBINE - SHELL CLEARANCE

5C 5C

4C 4C
3C 2C 2C 3C
1C 1C
2R 1R 1R 2R
4R 3R 3R 4R
5R 5R

Each rotor is to be positioned in the K position


before rotor to gland seal clearances are measured.
MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 130

LP TURBINE GOV END ROTOR AND CYLINDER DESIGN CLEARANCES

K position

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 131

LP1 TURBINE GOV END ROTOR AND CYLINDER DESIGN CLEARANCES

EACH CLEARACE IS

X
SHOWN IN THE
CLEARANCE TABLE IN 3R

O & M MANUAL

X
X
A

2R A

5C
A

X
E

X
X

A
4C

2C 3C
1R 1C1R 2R 4R
3R 4R
5R
0.4 +- 0.05
B
6.5 +1.5
-0.5 24.6 +1.5
-0.5
F F B
F
B B
B
X

X
X

0.5 +- 0.1
5C
1C 21.6 +1.5
-0.5 0.4 +- 0.05
X

2C

X
3C
4C
NOTE: REFER TO FIGURE 5-15 FOR BLADE SEAL RADIAL CLEARANCES (X)

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 132

CHECKING THE RADIAL LEARANCE BY TAPER GAUGE

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 133

LP TURBINE GEN END ROTOR AND CYLINDER DESIGN CLEARANCES

EACH CLEARACE IS

X
SHOWN IN THE
3R
CLEARANCE TABLE IN

X
O & M MANUAL

X
A

A 2R

5C
A
X

X
A A
4C
3C 2C
4R 2R 1R1C 1R
4R 3R
5R
0.4+- 0.05
B
B 13.4 +1.5
-0.5 6.5 +1.5
-0.5
B F F
F
B
B

X
X

X
5C 0.5 +- 0.1

0.4 +- 0.05 10.4+1.5


-0.5
1C

X
X
2C
X

3C
4C
NOTE: REFER TO FIGURE 5 15 FOR BLADE SEAL RADIAL CLEARANCES (X

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 134

LP TURBINE GEN END ROTOR AND CYLINDER DESIGN CLEARANCES


RADIAL SEAL CLEARANCE TABLE (COLD SET/ DESIGN)
VERTICAL DIRECTION HORIZONTAL DIRECTION
NOMINAL CLEA. AFT. ASS'Y CASING DEFLEC. AFT. BOTTOM ASS'Y NOMINAL CLEA. AFT. ASS'Y CASING DEFLEC. AFT. BOTTOM ASS'Y
ELEMENT LOCATION LENGTH 1 2 3 4 5 23 24
27 28 29 30
6 7 8 9 10 11 10 11 21 22 25 26 29 30
FROM NOMINAL NOMINAL ELEMENT ROTOR ROTOR AFT. ASY AFT. ASY CASING CASING AT SET. AT SET.
TOLERANCE NOMINAL NOMINAL ELEMENT ROTOR AFT. ASY AFT. ASY CASING CASING AT SET. AT SET. TOLERANCE
No.1 BRG. TOP BOTTOM SETTING DEFLEC. SETTING TOP BOTTOM DEFLEC. DEFLEC. TOP BOTTOM RIGHT LEFT SETTING SETTING RIGHT LEFT DEFLEC. DEFLEC. RIGHT LEFT
CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. TOP BOTTOM CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. RIGHT LEFT CLEARA. CLEARA.
SEAL RING (1) 541.45 0.95 1.15 0.40 -0.04 0.00 1.39 0.71 0.00 0.00 1.39 0.71 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80
OUTER GLAND SEAL RING (2) 640.95 1.05 1.55 0.40 -0.05 0.00 1.50 1.10 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.10 +0.15 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 +0.15
(GOV. END) SEAL RING (3) 741.45 1.05 1.55 0.40 -0.07 0.00 1.52 1.08 0.00 0.00 1.52 1.08 -0.05 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 -0.15
SEAL RING (4) 817.45 1.05 1.55 0.40 -0.08 0.00 1.53 1.07 0.00 0.00 1.53 1.07 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80
LP5R (GOV.) 1394.04 12.50 12.50 0.25 -0.12 0.00 12.87 12.13 0.00 0.00 12.87 12.13 +0.50 12.50 12.50 0.00 0.00 12.50 12.50 0.00 0.00 12.50 12.50 +0.50
-0.00 -0.00
LP5C (GOV.) 1676.50 1.50 2.00 0.25 -0.14 0.00 1.89 1.61 0.00 0.00 1.89 1.61 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50
LP4R (GOV.) 1935.00 3.20 3.20 0.25 -0.15 0.00 3.60 2.80 0.00 0.00 3.60 2.80 3.20 3.20 0.00 0.00 3.20 3.20 0.00 0.00 3.20 3.20
LP4C (GOV.) 2109.00 1.50 2.00 0.25 -0.16 0.00 1.91 1.59 0.00 0.00 1.91 1.59 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50
LP3R (GOV.) 2255.20 1.80 1.80 0.25 -0.16 0.00 2.21 1.39 0.00 0.00 2.21 1.39 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 1.80
LP3C (GOV.) 2337.30 1.30 1.30 0.25 -0.16 0.00 1.71 0.89 0.00 0.00 1.71 0.89 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.00 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.00 1.30 1.30
LP2R (GOV.) 2501.32 1.80 1.80 0.25 -0.16 0.00 2.21 1.39 0.00 0.00 2.21 1.39 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 1.80
BLADE RING LP2C (GOV.) 2544.40 1.70 1.70 0.25 -0.16 0.00 2.11 1.29 0.00 0.00 2.11 1.29 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 1.70 1.70
(GOV. END) LP1R (GOV.) 2615.00 1.50 1.50 0.25 -0.17 0.00 1.92 1.08 0.00 0.00 1.92 1.08 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50
LP1C (GOV.) 2660.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 -0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
STEAM FLOW 2683.25 1.65 1.65 0.25 -0.17 0.00 2.07 1.23 0.00 0.00 2.07 1.23 +0.10 1.65 1.65 0.00 0.00 1.65 1.65 0.00 0.00 1.65 1.65 +0.10
GUIDE INLET 3016.75 1.65 1.65 0.25 -0.17 0.00 2.07 1.23 0.00 0.00 2.07 1.23 -0.05 1.65 1.65 0.00 0.00 1.65 1.65 0.00 0.00 1.65 1.65 -0.05
LP1C (GEN.) 3040.00 0.00 0.00 0.25 -0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
BLADE RING LP1R (GEN.) 3084.92 1.50 1.50 0.25 -0.17 0.00 1.92 1.08 0.00 0.00 1.92 1.08 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50
(GEN. END) LP2C (GEN.) 3155.60 1.70 1.70 0.25 -0.16 0.00 2.11 1.29 0.00 0.00 2.11 1.29 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 1.70 1.70 0.00 0.00 1.70 1.70
LP2R (GEN.) 3198.68 1.80 1.80 0.25 -0.16 0.00 2.21 1.39 0.00 0.00 2.21 1.39 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 1.80
LP3C (GEN.) 3362.70 1.30 1.30 0.25 -0.16 0.00 1.71 0.89 0.00 0.00 1.71 0.89 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.00 1.30 1.30 0.00 0.00 1.30 1.30
LP3R (GEN.) 3444.80 1.80 1.80 0.25 -0.16 0.00 2.21 1.39 0.00 0.00 2.21 1.39 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 1.80 0.00 0.00 1.80 1.80
LP4C (GEN.) 3591.00 1.50 2.00 0.25 -0.15 0.00 1.90 1.60 0.00 0.00 1.90 1.60 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50
LP4R (GEN.) 3765.00 3.20 3.20 0.25 -0.15 0.00 3.60 2.80 0.00 0.00 3.60 2.80 3.20 3.20 0.00 0.00 3.20 3.20 0.00 0.00 3.20 3.20
LP5C (GEN.) 4023.50 1.50 2.00 0.25 -0.14 0.00 1.89 1.61 0.00 0.00 1.89 1.61 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.50
LP5R (GEN.) 4305.96 12.50 12.50 0.25 -0.12 0.00 12.87 12.13 0.00 0.00 12.87 12.13 +0.50 12.50 12.50 0.00 0.00 12.50 12.50 0.00 0.00 12.50 12.50 +0.50
-0.00 -0.00
SEAL RING (4) 4882.55 1.05 1.55 0.40 -0.07 0.00 1.52 1.08 0.00 0.00 1.52 1.08 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80
OUTER GLAND SEAL RING (3) 4958.55 1.05 1.55 0.40 -0.06 0.00 1.51 1.09 0.00 0.00 1.51 1.09 +0.15 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 +0.15
(GEN END) SEAL RING (2) 5059.05 1.05 1.55 0.40 -0.05 0.00 1.50 1.10 0.00 0.00 1.50 1.10 -0.05 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 -0.05
SEAL RING (1) 5158.55 0.95 1.15 0.40 -0.04 0.00 1.39 0.71 0.00 0.00 1.39 0.71 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.80

NOTE:
1. RADIAL CLEARANCE AT ASSEMBLY OF HIP TURBINE 2. THE BASIS OF RADIAL CLEARANCE SETTING a) AFTER COMPLETION OF ASSEMBLY:
IS AS SHOWN IN THIS DRAWING IN CASE THAT IN THIS DRAWING IS OIL RING BORE. UPPER CLEARANCE 6 = 1 + 3 - 4 - 5
SETTING OF EACH PART AND DEFLECTION OF ROTOR RADIAL SETTINGS (GOV. SIDE AND LOWER CLEARANCE 7 = 1 + 2 - 6
THAT THE ROTOR IS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT. GEN. SIDE) ARE CONCENTRIC TO OIL RING BORES.
RIGHT SIDE CLEARANCE 25 = 21 + 23 - 24
UPPER 3. CLEARANCE AT ASSEMBLY OF LP TURBINE IS CALCULATED LEFT SIDE CLEARANCE 26 = 21 + 22 - 25
CLEARANCE RIGHT SIDE BY THE FOLLOWING EQUATIONS.
CLEARANCE HOWEVER, SIGNS OF MOVEMENT AND DEFLECTION ARE b) AT MEASUREMENT WITH LEAD WIRE:
ROTATION
TO BE AS SHOWN BELOW. UPPER CLEARANCE 10 = 6 - 8
LOWER CLEARANCE 11 = 7 + 9
Y RIGHT SIDE CLEARANCE 29 = 25 - 27
LEFT SIDE - + LEFT SIDE CLEARANCE 30 = 26 + 28
CLEARANCE
+
LOWER
CLEARANCE X X
* RIGHT AND LEFT SIDE CLEARANCES ARE SHOWN IN CASE
THAT THE VIEW IS FROM GOVERNOR SIDE TO GENERATOR SIDE.
-

MSD-3-0685
Y

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 135

4 Reassemble the following HP-IP turbine lower internal sections:


- HP-IP inner casing
- nozzle box
- HP blade ring
- thermal shield
- IP No. 1 blade ring
- IP No. 2 blade ring
- HP-IP and LP dummy rings
- inner and outer lower half glands.

Note: Straighten and adjust the seal fin and seal strip if found worn or
damaged.

Remember to replace and re-weld the drain and pressure sensing


piping removed from between the HP-IP inner and outer cylinders.

5 When replacing the HP-IP rotor, with reference to the clearance tables,
set the radial and axial clearances and then set the shaft position pick-
up.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 136

Detail Procedure and Caution for Reassembling !!


Installation of the HP-IP Inner Cylinder Base
Note: Lubricate all bolts and studs with Molykote.
1 Ensure that the seal rings are correctly installed in the main steam inlet
sleeves.
2 Clean the mating areas of the HP-IP inner cylinder base and the outer
cylinder base tongue and groove fits and support keys.
3 Connect suitable lifting gear to the inner cylinder base.
4 Make a trial lift and adjust the turn buckle to achieve an even lift.
5 Lubricate the tongue and grooves and all mating areas of the pressure seal
rings.
6 Move the inner cylinder base from the laydown area and position it over the
outer cylinder base.
7 Attach a tag line to each end of the inner cylinder base to control any
rotation.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 137

HIP Inner Casing Reassembling


Stack Ring Tongue and Grooves

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 138

8 Install the jack screws in the inner cylinder base horizontal joint flange, and
set them to protrude 50 mm through the mating face.
9 Lower the inner cylinder base with the lifting gear until the jack screws
support it approximately 50 mm above its final elevation.
10 Evenly lower the inner cylinder base with the jack screws until the support
keys rest on the liners bolted to the outer cylinder base.
11 Remove the lifting gear.
12 Reconnect and re-weld the impulse chamber drain and pressure sensing
piping between the inner cylinder base and the outer cylinder base.

Same Procedure can be applied for other lower halves.

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 139

HP-IP TURBINE SHELL CLEARANCE


0.20+- 0.05 0.20+- 0.05

0.20+- 0.05 0.10 +-0.05

OUTER CYLINDER

0.20 +-0.05
LP DUMMY RING

GEN.END INNER GLAND

INNER CYLINDER
0.8
0.20 +-0.05
35.3 +-2.0

GOV.END OUTER GLAND

GENERATOR CL OF ROTOR GOVERNOR


END END
IP No.2 BLADE RING
NOZZLE BOX
IP No.1 BLADE RING GOV.END INNER GLAND
0.20+- 0.05
15.0+- 2.0
GEN.END OUTER GLAND 0.20+- 0.05
0.8

14.0 +-2.0 HIP DUMMY RING

HP BLADE RING

Each rotor is to be positioned in the K position


before rotor to gland seal clearances are measured.
MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 140

HP TURBINE ROTOR AND CYLINDER DESIGN CLEARANCES

K position

4.2

RIGHT SIDE LEFT SIDE


K= 8.7+- 0.0 K= 8.7+1.5
-0.5

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 141

HP TURBINE ROTOR AND CYLINDER DESIGN CLEARANCES

X
X
X
X

X
10.2 E E E E E E E E A E
A A
A A A A A A

8C 9C
1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C 7C
5R

4.2 1R 2R 3R 4R
B 6R 7R 8R
9R
B B B B B B B B
F F F F F F F F

RIGHT SIDE LEFT SIDE


K= 8.7+- 0.0 K= 8.7+1.5
-0.5

X
X

EACH CLEARACE IS

X
SHOWN IN THE
CLEARANCE TABLE IN
O & M NOTE:
MANUAL
REFER TO FIGURE 5-8 FOR SEAL RADIAL CLEARANCES (X)

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 142

HP TURBINE ROTOR AND CYLINDER DESIGN CLEARANCES

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 143

IP TURBINE ROTOR AND CYLINDER DESIGN CLEARANCES

EACH CLEARACE IS
SHOWN IN THE
CLEARANCE TABLE IN

X
X
O & M MANUAL

X
X
X

X
E E E E
E
X E
X

X
A A A A
7C 6C 5C 4C A3C A2C A 1C

7R 6R 5R 4R 3R 2R 1R

F
B B B B B B B
F F F F F

0.4+- 0.1

0.0~0.10
X
X
X

0.30~0.40
NOTE: REFER TO FIGURE 5-8 FOR SEAL RADIAL CLEARANCES (X)
MSD-3-0676

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 144

IP TURBINE ROTOR AND CYLINDER DESIGN CLEARANCES

MHI BUSINESS
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine PAGE 145

IP TURBINE ROTOR AND CYLINDER DESIGN CLEARANCES


RADIAL SEAL CLEARANCE TABLE (CLEARANCE-X)
VERTICAL DIRECTION HORIZONTAL DIRECTION
NOMINAL CLEA. AFT. ASS'Y CASING DEFLEC. AFT. BOTTOM ASS'Y NOMINAL CLEA. AFT. ASS'Y CASING DEFLEC. AFT. BOTTOM ASS'Y
ELEMENT LOCATION LENGTH 1 2 3 4 5 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30
6 7 8 9 10 11 10 11 21 22 29 30
FROM NOMINAL NOMINAL ELEMENT ROTOR ROTOR AFT. ASY AFT. ASY CASING CASING AT SET. AT SET. TOLERANCE NOMINAL NOMINAL ELEMENT ROTOR AFT. ASY AFT. ASY CASING CASING AT SET. AT SET. TOLERANCE
No.1 BRG. TOP BOTTOM SETTING DEFLEC. SETTING TOP BOTTOM DEFLEC. DEFLEC. TOP BOTTOM RIGHT LEFT SETTING SETTING RIGHT LEFT DEFLEC. DEFLEC. RIGHT LEFT
CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. TOP BOTTOM CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. CLEARA. RIGHT LEFT CLEARA. CLEARA.
OUTER GLAND SEAL RING (1) 326.00 0.75 0.75
0.05
0.02 0.00 0.78 0.72 -0.23 -0.23 1.01 0.49 0.75 0.75
0.00
0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
(GO V. END) SEAL RING (2) 447.00 0.50 0.50 0.01 0.00 0.54 0.46 -0.23 -0.23 0.77 0.23 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50
INNER GLAND SEAL RING (1) 560.00 0.50 0.50
0.05
-0.01 0.00 0.56 0.44 -0.23 -0.23 0.79 0.21 +0.15 0.50 0.50
0.00
0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 +0.15
(GEN. END) SEAL RING (2) 654.00 0.50 0.50 -0.02 0.00 0.57 0.43 -0.23 -0.23 0.80 0.20 -0.05 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 -0.05
SEAL RING (1) 733.25 0.50 0.50 -0.02 0.00 0.47 0.53 -0.26 -0.26 0.73 0.27 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50
LP DUMMY SEAL RING (2) 805.25 0.50 0.50 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.48 0.52 -0.26 -0.26 0.74 0.26 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50
SEAL RING (3) 877.25 0.50 0.50 -0.04 0.00 0.49 0.51 -0.26 -0.26 0.75 0.25 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50
HP 9 R 1100.80 0.75 0.75 -0.06 0.00 0.56 0.94 -0.27 -0.27 0.83 0.67 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 9 C 1155.65 0.75 0.75 -0.06 0.00 0.56 0.94 -0.27 -0.27 0.83 0.67 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 8 R 1204.15 0.75 0.75 -0.06 0.00 0.56 0.94 -0.27 -0.27 0.83 0.67 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 8 C 1249.45 0.75 0.75 -0.07 0.00 0.57 0.93 -0.27 -0.27 0.84 0.66 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 7 R 1294.75 0.75 0.75 -0.07 0.00 0.57 0.93 -0.27 -0.27 0.84 0.66 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 7 C 1340.05 0.75 0.75 -0.07 0.00 0.57 0.93 -0.27 -0.27 0.84 0.66 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 6 R 1385.35 0.75 0.75 -0.07 0.00 0.57 0.93 -0.27 -0.27 0.84 0.66 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 6 C 1430.65 0.75 0.75 -0.08 0.00 0.58 0.92 -0.27 -0.27 0.85 0.65 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 5 R 1472.75 0.75 0.75
-0.25
-0.08 0.00 0.58 0.92 -0.27 -0.27 0.85 0.65 0.75 0.75
0.00
0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 5 C 1511.70 0.75 0.75 -0.08 0.00 0.58 0.92 -0.27 -0.27 0.85 0.65 +0.10 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75 +0.10
HP 4 R 1550.65 0.75 0.75 -0.08 0.00 0.58 0.92 -0.27 -0.27 0.85 0.65 -0.05 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75 -0.05
HP 4 C 1589.60 0.75 0.75 -0.09 0.00 0.59 0.91 -0.27 -0.27 0.86 0.64 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 3 R 1628.55 0.75 0.75 -0.09 0.00 0.59 0.91 -0.27 -0.27 0.86 0.64 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 3 C 1667.50 0.75 0.75 -0.09 0.00 0.59 0.91 -0.27 -0.27 0.86 0.64 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 2 R 1706.45 0.75 0.75 -0.09 0.00 0.59 0.91 -0.27 -0.27 0.86 0.64 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 2 C 1745.40 0.75 0.75 -0.09 0.00 0.59 0.91 -0.27 -0.27 0.86 0.64 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 1 R 1784.35 0.75 0.75 -0.09 0.00 0.59 0.91 -0.27 -0.27 0.86 0.64 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP 1 C 1826.45 0.75 0.75 -0.09 0.00 0.59 0.91 -0.27 -0.27 0.86 0.64 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
2151.80 1.00 1.00 -0.10 0.00 0.80 1.20 -0.26 -0.26 1.06 0.94 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
-0.30 0.00
NOZZLE 2186.00 1.00 1.00 -0.10 0.00 0.80 1.20 -0.26 -0.26 1.06 0.94 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00
SEAL RING (1) 2600.88 0.75 0.75 -0.10 0.00 0.55 0.95 -0.26 -0.26 0.81 0.69 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
SEAL RING (2) 2667.88 0.75 0.75 -0.10 0.00 0.55 0.95 -0.26 -0.26 0.81 0.69 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
HP-IP DUMMY
SEAL RING (3) 2734.88 0.75 0.75
-0.30
-0.10 0.00 0.55 0.95 -0.26 -0.26 0.81 0.69 +0.15 0.75 0.75
0.00
0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75 +0.15
SEAL RING (4) 2801.88 0.75 0.75 -0.10 0.00 0.55 0.95 -0.26 -0.26 0.81 0.69 -0.05 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75 -0.05
SEAL RING (5) 2868.88 0.75 0.75 -0.09 0.00 0.54 0.96 -0.26 -0.26 0.80 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
SEAL RING (6) 2996.25 0.75 0.75 -0.09 0.00 0.54 0.96 -0.26 -0.26 0.80 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
IP 1 C 3310.00 0.40 0.40 -0.08 0.00 0.40 0.40 -0.23 -0.23 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.40 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.40
IP 1 R 3382.05 0.95 0.95 -0.08 0.00 0.83 1.07 -0.23 -0.23 1.06 0.84 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
IP 2 C 3446.55 0.75 0.75 -0.08 0.00 0.63 0.87 -0.23 -0.23 0.85 0.64 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
IP #1 IP 2 R 3507.00 0.95 0.95
-0.20
-0.07 0.00 0.82 1.08 -0.23 -0.23 1.05 0.85 0.75 0.75 0.00
0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
BLADE RING IP 3 C 3566.25 0.75 0.75 -0.07 0.00 0.62 0.88 -0.23 -0.23 0.85 0.65 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
IP 3 R 3626.70 0.95 0.95 -0.07 0.00 0.82 1.08 -0.23 -0.23 1.05 0.85 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
IP 4 C 3691.60 0.75 0.75 -0.07 0.00 0.62 0.88 -0.23 -0.23 0.85 0.65 +0.15 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75 +0.10
IP 4 R 3766.90 0.95 0.95 -0.06 0.00 0.81 1.09 -0.23 -0.23 1.04 0.86 -0.05 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75 -0.05
IP 5 C 3870.70 0.75 0.75 -0.06 0.00 0.66 0.84 -0.21 -0.21 0.87 0.63 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
IP 5 R 3947.60 0.95 0.95 -0.05 0.00 0.85 1.05 -0.21 -0.21 1.06 0.84 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
0.00
IP #2 IP 6 C 4024.00 0.75 0.75
-0.15
-0.05 0.00 0.65 0.85 -0.21 -0.21 0.86 0.64 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
BLADE RING IP 6 R 4102.15 0.95 0.95 -0.04 0.00 0.84 1.06 -0.21 -0.21 1.05 0.85 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
IP 7 C 4185.30 0.75 0.75 -0.04 0.00 0.64 0.86 -0.21 -0.21 0.85 0.65 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
IP 7 R 4280.30 0.95 0.95 -0.03 0.00 0.83 1.07 -0.21 -0.21 1.04 0.86 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
INNER GLAND SEAL RING (2) 4559.00 0.50 0.50 -0.01 0.00 0.51 0.49 -0.19 -0.19 0.70 0.30 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50
0.00 0.00
(GEN. END) SEAL RING (1) 4653.00 0.50 0.50 -0.01 0.00 0.51 0.49 -0.19 -0.19 0.70 0.30 +0.15 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 +0.15
OUTER GLAND SEAL RING (2) 4766.00 0.50 0.50
0.05
0.01 0.00 0.54 0.46 -0.19 -0.19 0.73 0.27 -0.05 0.50 0.50
0.00
0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 -0.05
(GEN. END) SEAL RING (1) 4887.00 0.75 0.75 0.02 0.00 0.78 0.72 -0.19 -0.19 0.97 0.53 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.75 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.75
NOTE:
1. RADIAL CLEARANCE AT ASSEMBLY OF HIP TURBINE 2. THE BASIS OF RADIAL CLEARANCE SETTING 4. CLEARANCE AT ASSEMBLY OF HIP TURBINE IS CALCULATED
IS AS SHOWN IN THIS DRAWING IN CASE THAT IN THIS DRAW ING IS GLAND BORE. BY THE FOLLOWING EQUATIONS.
SETTING OF EACH PART AND DEFLECTION OF ROTOR RADIAL SETTINGS (GOV. SIDE AND HOWEVER, SIGNS OF MOVEMENT AND DEFLECTION ARE
THAT THE ROTOR IS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT. GEN. SIDE) ARE CONCENTRIC TO GLAND BORES. TO BE AS SHOW N BELOW.
UPPER
CLEARANCE RIGHT SIDE Y a) AFTER COMPLETION OF ASSEMBLY:
CLEARANCE 3. REGARDING THE DIFFERENCE OF CASING DEFLECTION - + UPPER CLEARANCE 6 = 1 + 3 - 4 - 5
ROTATION
(CASING ASSEMBLING CORRECTION VALUE) IN THIS LOW ER CLEARANCE 7 = 1 + 2 - 6
DRAW ING, W HICH CONSIDERS THE RESULT OF ACTUAL +
RIGHT SIDE CLEARANCE 25 = 21 + 23 - 24
MEASUREMENT (MANDREL MEASUREMENT).
X X LEFT SIDE CLEARANCE 26 = 21 + 22 - 25
LEFT SIDE b) AT MEASUREMENT WITH LEAD WIRE:
CLEARANCE
- UPPER CLEARANCE 10 = 6 - 8
LOW ER LOW ER CLEARANCE 11 = 7 + 9
CLEARANCE RIGHT SIDE CLEARANCE 29 = 25 - 27
* RIGHT AND LEFT SIDE CLEARANCES ARE SHOWN IN CASE
Y
LEFT SIDE CLEARANCE 30 = 26 + 28
THAT THE VIEW IS FROM GOVERNOR SIDE TO GENERATOR SIDE.

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6 Before replacing the LP turbine inner cylinder covers, measure the top
and bottom clearances between the LP rotor and the blades and other
internal parts

7 Assemble the HP-IP cylinder upper half parts including:


- nozzle chamber
- blade rings
- dummy rings
- inner gland seals
- thermal shield

8 Check the top and bottom clearances between the cylinder parts and
the rotor blade seals etc. (refer to the clearance table). Check that no
foreign materials remain inside the casing.

9 Assemble the HP-IP and the LP outer cylinder covers, including the
outer gland seals, then check all bolt holes and bolts, and the flange
faces.

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Detail Procedure and Caution for Reassembling !!


Installation of the HP Blade Ring Upper Half
1 Install safety hoist ring eye bolts with copper washers in the HP blade
ring upper half.
2 Connect suitable lifting gear and make a trial lift.
3 Adjust the chain block to evenly lift the blade ring upper half.
4 Move the blade ring from the lay-down area to the turbine cylinder.
5 Align the blade ring upper half over the blade ring lower half.
6 Clean the horizontal blade ring joint upper and lower halves and coat the
upper half joint with triple boiled linseed oil or special compound for flange
surface.
7 Clean stud threads, dowels, and groove areas and coat with Molykote.
8 Lower the blade ring upper half slowly and evenly over the joint studs
until the horizontal joint is closed.
9 Remove the lifting gear.

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10 Coat the horizontal joint washers with Molykote and install on studs.
11 Heat the bolts 51 to 56 and tighten the nuts in a diametrically opposite
pattern to the torque value specified in Appendix F in the following sequence:
(i) reamer bolts 51 and 56
(ii) bolts 55 toward 52.
12 Rotate the HP-IP rotor with a bar or coupling pin to ensure freedom of
rotor movement.

Same Procedure can be applied for other upper halves.

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NOTE: Bolt tightening of HIP Outer Casing


(1) Equally separated six bolts hand tightened. Confirm the flange does not
have clearance between bottom and cover.
(2) All bolt tightened with first torque by torque wrench
(3) Using four bolt heaters (two on each side), heat the bolts, and tighten
bolts from both the left and right sides of the cylinder

R & L R&L

R&L

Remark: Bolts are tightened from center to the side end to avoid
rumples.

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NOTE: Bolt Tightening for LP Inner Casing


Tighten the bolts from both the left and right sides of the LP cylinder

R & L R&L R&L

R & L R&L

R & L R&L

Same order as removing !!


But, this is considered casing deformation in long term operation

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10 Set the thrust bearing ensuring that the clearance between thrust
collar and thrust bearing is within design value (0.25 0.38 mm).

Note: Thrust bearing should be set with the HP-IP rotor at the
K position.

11 Replace the turbine bearing upper halves. Check the oil clearance in
each bearing, referring to the clearance table.

12 Assemble the main oil pump casing. Ensure that the oil seal ring
clearances in the main oil pump are within design values. (For details
of clearance, refer to O & M manual).

13 Align the LP1 to HP-IP couplings. Perform an alignment check at the


zero and 180 degrees rotor positions.

14 Align the LP to generator coupling. Perform an alignment check at the


zero and 180 degrees rotor positions.

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15 Connect the couplings between the HP-IP to LP and LP to generator


rotors. Ensure that the coupling bolts and nuts are installed according
to their match marks. Tighten the bolts according to O&M manual.

16 Assemble all bearing outer covers. Ensure that the clearance of the oil
seal ring and the clearance between pedestal and spherical seat of the
bearing is within design.

17 Install the IP to LP crossover pipes and the expansion joints.

18 Assemble the following steam admission valves:


- main stop valves
- governing valves
- reheat stop valves
- interceptor valves.

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REMARK:
1. All the Clearance shall be checked and recorded during
disassembling and reassembling for future maintenance.
2. Every crack, scratch, tear off is also recorded.
Especially remained crack shall be exactly recorded for
next overhaul observation.
3. Photo is very useful to record the turbine condition, take
picture any time during overhaul.

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Contents

1. Feature of SHUQAIQ-II Steam Turbine ------------ PAGE 3


2. Construction of Turbine -------------------------------- PAGE 9
3. Overhaul Maintenance --------------------------------- PAGE 46
4. Bolt Tightening Procedure ---------------------------- PAGE 154

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BOLT TIGHTENING DETAILS


Figures F-1, F-2 and F-3 & 4 show details of the turbine casings, and Figure
F-5 shows the section of each bolt or stud installed

The drawing of each turbine casing consists of three sections A, B and C.


A Shows the horizontal surface of the right side of the relevant
turbine cylinder with the related inner casings, blade rings, nozzle
boxes, etc. clearly indicated.
The number located adjacent to the bolt holes is the mark number
of the installed stud, stud bolt, reamer (or fitting) bolt.

The bolt holes and the numbers shown for the right side of the
casings apply also to the left side.

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B Shows the stud or bolt mark numbers, and the alphabetical letters
in the adjacent column indicate the relevant stud or bolt section.

Example (refer to Figure F-3&4).


Bolt mark no. 1 = A = Reamer (fitting) stud
Bolt mark no. 2 = B = Stud bolt

C Provides the information such as the bolt diameter, bolt free length,
nut first torque, nut turn angle, arc length from zero angle and the
amount of bolt stretch or tightening torque.

The type and size of the required bolt heater is also indicated

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Detail A

Figure F-1 HP-IP Turbine Cylinder Bolting Arrangement

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Detail A
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Detail B

Figure F-2 LP Turbine Cylinder Bolting Arrangement

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Detail B
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Detail C-1 Detail C-2

Detail Y

Figure F-3 HP-IP Turbine Bolt Heating Data

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Detail C-1

Detail C-2
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Detail Y

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Detail D-1 Detail D-2

Figure F-4 LP Turbine Bolt Heating Data

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Detail D-1

Detail D-2
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Detail E

Detail F

Figure F-5 Bolt Heater Arrangement

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Detail E Use Bolt Heater Detail F Torque Controlled Bolt

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TIGHTENING LARGE BOLTS


AND STUDS WITH HEATING ELEMENTS

1 Determine the required stretch.

2 Lubricate threads and face of the bolt and nut with anti-seize compound.

CAUTION

Excessive grease may enter the bolt heating hole and


carbonize during heating, creating the possibility of
an electrical short.

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3 Run the nut onto the bolt or stud threads to ensure free fitting.

4 Clean the bottom of the bolt heating hole with compressed air followed by
a swab, the swab end being smeared with a little clean grease.

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5 Measure the stud or bolt, with the nut loose using the adapter and the
extension rod.
6 Tighten all nuts with a 90 kg pull on a wrench handle length of 12
centimeter per one centimeter of bolt diameter in order to get first torque
10.8 kgf-m.
Repeat until all the nuts are pulled up uniformly over the entire joint.

Example

Bolt Diameter 2.5 inch


Wrench handle length 120 cm
Required torque 6658 kg-cm (90 x 12 x 2.5 x 2.54)
Required force 57 kg (6658/120)

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7 Obtain the required nut turn from the chart, in O & M manual, and chalk
mark reference points on the nuts and adjacent flange.

8 Heat the stud or bolt and turn the nuts until the reference points coincide.

9 After the stud or bolt has cooled to the same temperature as before
heating, clean bottom of the hole and measure to see if the required
stretch, within tolerance of 10% has been obtained.

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MICROMETER
MEASUREMENT
AFTER HEATING
MEASURING LOD
MEASUREMENT
MEASURING BEFORE HEATING
NUT SLEEVE
WASHER

FLANGE

BOLT
BOLT STRECH
WASHER MEASUREMENT
NUT

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Item No. Name of Tool Qty Sketch Remarks

1-1-6
BOLT HEATER
-1

D L TYPE
2 26 1050 STRAIGHT
4 23 1450 STRAIGHT
2 23 1100 STRAIGHT
2 20 1350 STRAIGHT
2 20 800 STRAIGHT
4 20 600 STRAIGHT
2 19 1350 STRAIGHT
2 18 1150 STRAIGHT
2 18 800 STRAIGHT
2 18 650 STRAIGHT
2 18 550 STRAIGHT
2 15.3 650 STRAIGHT
2 15.3 550 STRAIGHT
4 15.3 480 STRAIGHT
2 20 950 FLEXIBLE
2 17.5 700 FLEXIBLE

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DETAILS OF BOLTS AND BOLT HEATERS


Marks Capacity (kW) Voltage (V) D L Hole (mm) Remarks Bolt Size
1 4.5 400 26 1050 28 STRAIGHT 4
2 5.5 400 23 1450 25 STRAIGHT 4
3 4.0 400 23 1100 25 STRAIGHT 4
4 4.5 400 20 1350 22 STRAIGHT 3
5 2.5 400 20 800 22 STRAIGHT 3
6 1.6 400 20 600 22 STRAIGHT 3
7 4.5 400 19 1350 20 STRAIGHT 3
8 3.5 400 18 1150 19 STRAIGHT 3
9 2.2 400 18 800 19 STRAIGHT 3
10 1.7 400 18 650 19 STRAIGHT 3
11 1.4 400 18 550 19 STRAIGHT 3
12 1.4 400 15.3 650 16 STRAIGHT 2
13 1.1 400 15.3 550 16 STRAIGHT 2
14 1.0 400 15.3 480 16 STRAIGHT 2
15 2.7 400 20 950 22 FLEXIBLE 2
16 1.5 400 17.5 700 19 FLEXIBLE 3

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Item No. Name of Tool Qty Sketch Remarks

ROD FOR
1-1-7
MEASURING BOLT
-1
STRETCH

D L
1 13.8 510
1 13.8 570
1 13.8 740
1 13.8 800
1 13.8 1010
1 13.8 1020
1 13.8 1070
1 13.8 1320
1 13.8 1330
1 13.8 1360

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(Continue)
Item No. Name of Tool Qty Sketch Remarks

ROD FOR
1-1-7
MEASURING BOLT
-1
STRETCH

D L
1 10.5 450
1 10.5 460
1 10.5 470
1 10.5 490
1 10.5 500
1 10.5 520
1 10.5 540
1 10.5 570
1 10.5 590
1 10.5 620
1 10.5 770
1 10.5 1090
1 10.5 1290

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Item No. Name of Tool Qty Sketch Remarks

SLEEVE FOR
1-1-7
MEASURING
-2
BOLT STRETCH

D L

1 17.3 140
SS400
1 21.7 140
STPT370
1 21.7 140

DEPTH
MICROMETER
1-1-7
FOR 1 SET
-3
MEASURING
BOLT STRETCH

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Example of Dimensions for Stretching Large Studs

Stud material 10705BU


Diameter of stud (8 threads per 25.4 mm) 3 inches (76.2 mm)
Free Length 330 mm
Stretch to be obtained by heating (330 x 0.0015) 0.5
Micrometer measurement, nut loose 19.5 mm
Stretch to be obtained by heating 0.5 mm
Amount of turn on nut (From Table in Appendix F) 104 degrees
Micrometer measurement, after cooling 19 mm
Stretch (19.5 19) 0.5 mm OK !!

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ALLOY STEEL BOLT TIGHTENING


Amount of Bolt Tightening
The amount of stretch for alloy steel bolts or studs should be as shown in
the following table.
Required Initial Stress Amount of Stretch per mm of
Bolt Material
(kg/mm2) Bolt Free Length (mm)
JIS-SCM435
Equivalent material 28 0.0013
SAE 4135 or AISI 4137
W-10705BU
Equivalent material 32 0.0015
AISI 616 Type 22
W-15106FD
Equivalent material
42 0.00195
AISI 690,
Refractaloy 26, M8B

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