Chapter 1

PROJECT BACKGROUND

The Project
The project is intended for the design of a distribution substation that will have a load of 50 MVA from
the existing 25 MVA. At present time, the area has been struggling to be provided and distributed with
an efficient supply of electric power with the complications that the Electric Cooperative is experiencing.
Certain problems are intended to be solved with this design project. The following are taken into
consideration in accomplishing the project:
1. System Reliability
2. System Stability
3. System Loss

Project Objectives
The project aims to design the distribution system of CANORECO. Specifically, it addresses the
following:
a. Design of distribution lines from the Lag-on Daet Substation and Calitaan Substations.
b. Design of distribution substation, specifically:
i. Protection
ii. Grounding
iii. Transformer Sizing

The Client
The client of the project is the Camarines Norte Electric Cooperative, Inc. situated in the Bicol Region
Area.

Project Scope and Limitations

The project only covers the design of the distribution system of Lag-on, Daet and Calintaan, Camarines
Norte and the study will evaluate the process of power distribution of the Electric Cooperative in the
whole region. Under the distribution system is the overhead distribution line. While under the
distribution substation is the single bus. The limitations of the proposed project are in accordance with
the stated problems. Also, the project does not take into account the generation and transmission side
of the system.

Significance of the project

The supply shortage in existence in the region can result to unwanted power failures and service
interruptions, and with the application of the project, the problems they are experiencing can be solved.
The distribution forecasting will be beneficial for the whole region in order to minimize the problems
including system losses they can encounter in the following years. To provide how much power needed
to improve the present state of the Electric Cooperative. Designing new distribution system will be of
great help to achieve the rate, consistency and safety of power in Lag-on Camarines Norte. Also, it is a
means to have a stable, capable, and reliable system.
Project Development

Start

Overhead Distribution Line

Plotting of Distribution

Distribution Substation

Transformer

Design of Conductor Type and

Short Circuit

Protection

Final

Design

End

Figure 1.1 Design Flow Chart

Figure 1.1 shows the whole process of the project from designing the distribution line and distribution
substation having its protection, grounding, and size of transformer. In the distribution line, we will
design the cable and conductor size, height of the posts and structure of poles. In the distribution
substation we will design its protection, grounding and transformer sizing. Lastly, after designing
distribution lines and substation, we will simulate our design on EDSA Paladin.
 Distribution line - An overhead power line is a structure used in electric power transmission
and distribution to transmit electrical energy along large distances. It consists of one or more
conductors suspended by towers or utility poles.
Distribution Substation - A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission,
and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high to low, or the reverse, or
perform any of several other important functions.
Protection - branch of electrical power engineering that deals with the protection of electrical
power systems from faults through the isolation of faulted parts from the rest of the electrical
network. The objective of a protection scheme is to keep the power system stable by isolating
only the components that are under fault, whilst leaving as much of the network as possible still
in operation. Thus, protection schemes must apply with very pragmatic and pessimistic
approach to clearing system faults. The devices that are used to protect the power systems
from faults are called protection devices.
Grounding - In electricity supply systems, an earthing system or grounding system is circuitry
which connects parts of the electric circuit with the ground, thus defining the electric potential
of the conductors relative to the Earth's conductive surface. The choice of earthing system can
affect the safety and electromagnetic compatibility of the power supply.
Transformer Sizing - Calculation of kVA capacity for a Three Phase Transformer, based on
Winding Voltage and Amperage information.
Design Simulation We will use EDSA Paladin software to simulate the single line diagram.