CO2 Properties

Carbon Dioxide can exist in three states; Gas, Liquid & Solid.

Gaseous Carbon Dioxide

CO2 gas is heavier than air with a specific gravity of 1.53 at 70 dF
At normal tempatures and pressures, CO2 is colorless with a slighty pungent odor at high
concentrations. If compressed and cooled to proper tempatures the gas liquifies. Solid
CO2, dry ice sublimates back to the natural gaseous state.

Liquid Carbon Dioxide

Liquid CO2 is produced by compressing and cooling CO2 gas. This liquid is a clear
transparent fluid. Liquid CO2 cannot exsist as a liquid at atmospheric pressure. It must be
pressurized above 60.4 psi to remain as a liquid. At this pressure, Triple Point, CO2 can
exsist as liquid, gas and solid. Below this pressure it will flash to a gas and solid. CO2
above a temperature of 87.9 dF Critical Point cannot exsist as a liquid.
Normally liquid CO2 is delivered and maintaned at 0 dF and 300 psi.

Solid Carbon Dioxide

Solid CO2 is commonly refered to as Dry Ice. It is produced by allowing liquid CO2 to
expand to atmospheric pressure which forms dry ice snow. This snow is then compressed
to form blocks and pellets. Dry ice at atmospheric pressure is -109 dF.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

Characteristics:
Not poisonous but too high concentration in the air is unhealthy.
Doesnt support combustion / non - flammable.
Slightly pungent odor
Gas - colorless, solid - white.
Biting taste

USES:

- Widely used in beverage industry as soda water or carbonated water.

- Refrigerant, food preservation, blanketing gas freeing from oxidation in food industry
(e.g.Del Monte Corp.)
- For pressure spraying and aerosol packaging
- Neutralizing agent for pH control and in cement curing
- For the transfer of hazardous and flammable liquids
- As a diluent w/ nitrous oxide in the manufacture of whipped cream
- Inerting agent in fire extinguishers, in canned food products and for shielded arc welding
- Blanketing agent in fire extinguishers
- As shield in arc welding
- Used in chemical industry, such as in making salicylic acid
- In production of urea
- Pressurizing oil well for secondary oil recovery
- Specialty uses: chilling aluminum rivets and shrink-fitting machine parts

PROCESS DESCRIPTION

CO2 is recovered from Alcohol Plant where molasses, a by-product of sugar

manufacturing, is fermented to produced Ethyl Alcohol or Ethanol and Carbon dioxide gas
is liberated so that when brought down to negative temperature and applied with
extremely high pressure, it will liquefy. Thereby, ready for refilling; bulk tank or CO2
cylinder.

GAS COMPOSITION

Industrial Grade: Food Grade:

Carbon Dioxidec 99.9% 99.9%
Oxygen 0.02% max. 0.02% max.
Nitrogen 0.1% max. 0.1% max.
Hydrogen Sulfide 10 ppm, max. 10 ppm, max.
Sulfur Dioxide 2 ppm, max. 2 ppm, max.
Hydrocarbons Ni Nil
Moisture 100 ppm, max. 100 ppm, max.

MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY

Dry carbon dioxide is non- corrosive; hence common material is acceptable (e.g. steel,
iron, copper, brass, plastic)
Moist carbon dioxide is slightly corrosive; hence carbonic acid resistant materials should
be required for its cylinders.

CYLINDER INFORMATION:

Containers Sizes and Color Coding:

Type Content Color-Body Color-Collar
Bantam (34 L) 22 kg Gray Gray/Silver
Standard (42 L) 22 kg Gray Gray/Silver

Note: At normal temperature, CO2 cylinder pressure ranges from 1100 psig to 1150 psig.

SAFETY PRECAUTION

- Liquid CO2 equipment should be kept clean.

- Never let CO2 allow to come in contact with your skin, if so, wash the affected skin with
large quantity of unheated water, then apply cold compress. If skin has blisters & eyes
are afflicted, consult the doctor immediately. Goggles(face shield), gloves, & apron should
be worn. Clothing splashed with CO2 must be promptly removed and aired for at least 1
hr.
- Wear safety glasses, use leather/plastic protective gloves, wear overalls when handling
cylinders
- Use only approved pressure rated equipment
- Always use a regulator to connect to system
- Open cylinder valve slowly
- Close cylinder valve when not in use.
- Liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) should be handled or used only by persons instructed as to
the nature of the material.
- Metals used for liquid CO2 equipment must have satisfactory physical properties at the
low operating temperatures.
- In case where liquid CO2 may be trapped in any valve cavity, venting means should be
provided.
- All safety relief devices should be placed or protected so that water cannot collect or
freeze on them in any way, which would interfere with their proper operation.
- When pouring CO2 from one containing to another, the receiving container must be
cooled gradually to prevent thermal shock, avoid splashes.
- Individuals handling CO2 products must be informed of the safety precautions & the
hazard it may cause .
- Small containers of liquid CO2 must be covered when not in use to avoid moisture and
consequent plugging of the container outlet.