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Design Condition:
kJ/kg
Temperatures
Ground Temperature 24 oC
9
Product Load, Qp
The product load is made up of the heat that must be removed from raw water in
order to produced ice.
Qp = Q1 + Q2 + Q3
where:
Q1
= Heat to be removed from available water
C
to 0 by means of sensible cooling
Q2
= Latent Heat required to convert water into ice
C
at 0
Q3
= Heat to be removed by sensible cooling from
C
0 to ice temperature
kJ
4.187
C Pw kg K
= Specific heat of water,
tw C
= Temperature of water,
tf C
= Freezing temperature,
kJ
335
kg
L = Latent heat of fusion,
10
kJ
2.0935
C Pice kg K
= specific heat of ice,
t ice C
= Temperature of ice,
kg
m H 2O sec
= mass of water,
Weight of water required in making 50-tons of ice daily is equal to the weight of
ice produced.
2.5tons 1000 kg 1 day
m ice m H2O x x
day 1 ton 86,400 secs
kg
m H 2O 0.02894
sec
kg kJ kJ kJ
Q p 0.02894 4.187 26 0 K 335 2.0935 0 - - 9 K
sec kg - K kg kg - K
Q p 13.37 kWThermal
Qm
MISCELLANEOUS LOSSES,
11
m 23 4.0
s
3.4 (7.5mph) summer any orientation
Still Air
. Vertical surface, heat flow horizontal 8.3 1.46
. Horizontal surface, heat flow upward 9.3 1.63
. Horizontal surface, heat flow downward 6.1 1.08
From Industrial Refrigeration Handbook by Wilbert F. Stoecker p. 605.
W
m - K
2
W
m - K
2
Q WALL
Miscellaneous losses from the wall of the tank,
114.3 mm
12
88.9
A WALL t o t b
Q WALL
x1 x 2 x 3 1
k1 k 2 k 3 f o
Where:
A WALL m2
Surface area of wall,
to C
= outside temperature,
W
m - K
k = Thermal conductivity,
x = Thickness of insulation, m
W
m - K
2
fo = Convection coefficient,
A WALL
Solving for the surface area of the wall,
A WALL 2 H x W 2 L x H
A WALL 5.22 m 2
13
Therefore:
Q WALL
5.22m 34 12 m
C
2 2
45.072 0.048 1.8176 23 W
QWALL = 122.6 W
QWALL = 0.1226 KW
Q Bottom
Miscellaneous losses from the bottom of the tank,
88.9 mm
114.3 mm
A Bottom t g t b
Q Bottom
x1 x 2 x 3
k1 k 2 k 3
Where:
A Bottom m2
= Surface area at the bottom,
tg C
= Ground temperature, 24
A Bottom
Solving for the surface area at the bottom,
14
A Bottom 2.2225x 1.143 m 2
=LxW=
A Bottom 2.54 m 2
Therefore;
Q Bottom
2.54 24 12 m 2 C
0.00635 0.0889 0.1143 m C
2
45.072 0.048 1.8176 W
Q Bottom 47.75 W
QBottom= 0.04775 KW
Q cover
Miscellaneous losses from ice can cover,
0.0381 mm
Acov er t1 t 2
Qcov er
1 x 1
fi k fo
Where:
Qcov er
= quantity of heat transmitted through ceilings
A cover
= surface area of the ceilings
t1
= atmospheric temperature
t2
= brine temperature
k
= thermal conductivity of Balsam wood
15
x
= thickness of Balsam wood
fi
= convection coefficient of inside air
fo
= convection coefficient of outside air
For surface area of the floor
Acov er LW
Acov er 2.2225 m 1.143 m
Acov er 2.54 m 2
Substituting,
2.54 m 2 34 12 C
Qcov er
1 0.0381m 1
6.1W m C 0.13W mC 23W m 2 C
2
Qcov er 233.25W
Qcover= 0.23325 KW
Air change load = (inside volume) (air changes) (0.075) (ho hi) Btu/hr
Where:
kJ 1 kg 1 Btu
78 x x
kg 2.205 lb 1.055 kJ
ho =
16
Btu
33.53
lb
ho =
At 2 0C DB and 90% RH
kJ 1 kg 1 Btu
12 x x
kg 2.205 lb 1.055 kJ
hi =
Btu
5.158
lb
hi =
Vair
Solving for vol. air,
Vair
= (length x width x height of air)
Vair
= (2.225 x 1.143 x 0.0381) m3
Vair 3
= 0.09679 m
Vair 3
= 3.42 ft
32 0 F
From table: 10-8A Average Air Changes per 24hrs above , due to opening of ice
Therefore,
17
QAC= (3.42) (3567.19) (0.075) (33.53 5.158)
Btu
24 hrs
QAC= 25959.9
Therefore,
Qm = 511 watts
Qm = 0.511 KW
Qt= Qp+ Qm
Qt= 13.881 KW
The total cooling load for a 24 hr period is the summation of the heat gains
calculated. It is of common practice to add 5 to 10% to this value as a safety factor the
percentage used depends on the reliability of the information used in calculating the
cooling load. As a general rule 10% is used.
18
Q m+SF
Phl = Qp
0.511 kw+0.0511 kw
Phl = 13.37
SPECIFICATIONS
Watts
Watts
19
Total refrigerating load, QT 13.881 kW
20