Production Trends

Global Production

Table __ shows the performance of coconut production of the top 5

coconut-producing countries for the past 5 years on record. In terms of
volume of production (MT), Indonesia ranks 1 st, followed by the
Philippines, India, Brazil, and Sri Lanka. It is worth noting, however, that
the Philippines alone has a negative average growth, indicating that
among the top 5 coconut-producing countries, it is the only country with a
decreasing performance in terms of volume of production. In terms of area
harvested, Philippines has the largest coconut area. It is followed by
Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, and Brazil. Even though Philippines has largest
coconut area, however, When it comes to yield (MT/ha), there is a
different story. Here, Brazil is the leading country even though it does not
belong to the top 3 in terms of volume of production as well as in area
harvested. Surprisingly, Brazils coconut yield (11.54 MT/ha) is almost
twice (186.43%) than that of Indonesias yield (6.19 MT/ha) in 2014.

According to the Liquid Investments, a Canadian private firm that provides

investments in coconut production in Canada and Brazil, the trouble for
production in Indonesia and the Philippines is that an increasing
proportion of their coconut trees have reached the end of their 60-year
productive life. In the Philippines, more than 44 million trees (about 14%
of the national produce) are past their productive peak and as is usually
the case, with insufficient funding in place, there is little appetite to
replace what is necessary. Philippines ranked least among the top 5,
having only 4.20 MT/ha in 2014, just about a third (36.40%) of Brazils
yield of 11.54 MT/ha. Both India and Philippines have negative average
growth rate in terms of yield, indicating a declining productivity per
hectare.

Table __. Production Performance of Top 5 Coconut Producing Countries,

2010-2014
Averag
e
Country 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Growth
Rate, %
Volume of Production (MT)
Indonesia 18,000,000 17,500,000 19,400,000 18,300,000 19,102,130 1.70
Philippines 15,510,283 15,244,609 15,862,386 15,353,200 14,696,280 -1.29
India 10,840,000 10,280,000 10,560,000 11,930,000 11,078,873 0.85
Brazil 2,843,453 2,943,651 2,931,531 2,820,468 2890,286 0.45
Sri Lanka 1,990,440 2,057,320 2,224,500 2,513,000 2,181,000 2.81
Area Harvested (ha)
Philippines 3,575,944 3,561,981 3,573,806 3,550,491 3,502,011 -0.52
Indonesia 2,980,000 2,980,000 3,000,000 3,000,000 3,087,770 0.9
India 1,895,900 2,070,820 2,137,000 2,159,000 2,140,000 3.14
Sri Lanka 394,840 394,840 417,000 394,836 394,836 0.07
Brazil 275,091 270,541 257,742 257,462 250,554 -2.29
Yield (MT/ha)
Brazil 10.34 10.88 11.37 10.95 11.54 2.86
Indonesia 6.04 5.87 6.47 6.1 6.19 0.79
Sri Lanka 5.04 5.21 5.33 6.36 5.52 2.95
India 5.72 4.96 4.94 5.53 5.18 -2.02
Philippines 4.34 4.28 4.44 4.32 4.20 -0.78
Source: FAOSTAT
Domestic Production

Figure __ shows the latest coconut production trend of the Philippines for
ten years. The trend depicts a generally upward trend from 2005 to 2009,
a downward trend from 2009 to 2011, upward again from 2011 to 2012,
and a steep downward trend from 2012 to 2014. One of the major factors
in the decrease in production is the coconut scale infestation (CSI). The
pest (Aspidiotus rigidus) locally known as cocolisap, is a subspecies of
coconut scale that was originally from Indonesia. The cocolisap was first
detected locally in 2009 in Batangas. The outbreak was first recognised by
the Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) and the Department in Agriculture
in 2010, when approximately one million trees valued at 33 billion had
already been infected and the situation already needed the declaration of
a state of calamity in the CALABARZON (Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal,
and Quezon) and Basilan Province. Another factor in the decrease in
production is the occurrence of typhoons especially when typhoons
Yolanda, Pablo and Glenda from 2012-2014 hit the country.

Figure __. National Production Trend of Coconut, Philippines, 2005-2014

Source: CountrySTAT Philippines

Overall, the national coconut production declined in terms of volume of

production, as seen in the Philippines average growth rate from 2010 to
2014 which is -1.29% (Table __). The number one contributor in the
average decline is the Eastern Visayas Regions production, where the
most destructive typhoon from 1990-2013, Typhoon Yolanda, inflicted the
greatest damages to (Table __).

Table __. Top 10 Most Destructive Typhoons, Philippines, 1990-2013

Cost of
Local
Rank Year Damage
Name
s (Php)
1 Yolanda 2013 2.02
2 Pablo 2012 1.04
3 Glenda 2014 0.871
4 Pepeng 2009 0.608
5 Pedring 2011 0.333
6 Frank 2008 0.301
7 Juan 2010 0.255
8 Ondoy 2009 0.244
9 Ruping 1990 0.241
10 Rosing 1995 0.241
Source: NDRRMC

On the cluster level, Mindanao is the leader in terms of three production

indicators: volume of production, area planted, and number of bearing
trees (see Tables __, __ and __).
One of the major reasons in Mindanaos performance is its good climatic
conditions, as Luzon and Visayas frequently affected by typhoons (see
Annex __).

Table __. Volume of Production by Region and by Cluster, metric tons,

2010-2014
Ave.
Average
Growth
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 (2010-
Rate
2014)
(%)
PHILIPPINES 15,510,282. 15,244,609. 15,863,800. 15,354,334. 14,696,298. 15,333,865.
-1.29
61 30 92 19 35 07
By Cluster
9,199,288. 8,959,354. 9,444,439. 9,039,175. 9,078,909. 9,144,233.
Mindanao -0.26
42 45 62 22 53 45
3,323,394. 3,305,460. 3,403,386. 3,469,445. 3,311,831. 3,362,703.
South Luzon -0.04
93 44 35 74 47 79
2,671,543. 2,668,001. 2,700,448. 2,553,231. 1,999,860. 2,518,617.
Visayas -6.51
79 76 92 19 06 14
North Luzon 316,055.47 311,792.64 315,526.04 292,482.02 305,697.30 308,310.69 -0.73
By Region
2,635,866. 2,627,248. 2,720,232. 2,275,979. 2,332,089. 2,518,283.
Davao Region -2.66
63 20 61 56 54 31
North. 1,757,164. 1,745,949. 1,816,501. 1,816,577. 1,838,404. 1,794,919.
1.15
Mindanao 52 54 47 68 69 58
Zamboanga 1,713,018. 1,557,621. 1,730,428. 1,743,791. 1,659,014. 1,680,774. -0.52
Pen. 08 30 16 81 20 71
Eastern 1,769,081. 1,769,951. 1,771,459. 1,623,585. 1,191,923. 1,625,200.
-8.70
Visayas 84 50 42 95 25 39
1,394,637. 1,390,853. 1,417,438. 1,434,803. 1,380,490. 1,403,645.
CALABARZON -0.23
70 78 97 72 99 03
1,254,755. 1,269,268. 1,311,218. 1,327,298. 1,356,181. 1,303,744.
ARMM 1.97
49 40 90 98 58 67
1,269,537. 1,201,706. 1,240,458. 1,255,507. 1,124,411. 1,218,324.
Bicol Region -2.84
97 92 84 48 51 54
1,040,610. 1,071,706.
SOCCSKSARGE 864,270.35 879,867.50 985,175.40 968,326.02 5.60
03 81
N
Caraga
974,213.35 879,399.51 880,883.08 834,917.16 821,512.71 878,185.16 -4.10
Region
MIMAROPA 659,219.26 712,899.74 745,488.54 779,134.54 806,928.97 740,734.21 5.20
Western
472,744.91 459,783.73 477,952.54 470,652.72 359,825.93 448,191.97 -5.97
Visayas
Central
429,717.04 438,266.53 451,036.96 458,992.52 448,110.88 445,224.79 1.07
Visayas
Central Luzon 210,442.31 212,648.27 209,025.05 179,360.22 189,174.44 200,130.06 -2.34
Cagayan 2.89
67,320.27 59,761.10 66,232.77 71,560.70 74,372.18 67,849.40
Valley
Ilocos Region 37,378.91 38,476.03 39,315.99 40,482.32 40,977.71 39,326.19 2.33
CAR 913.98 907.24 952.23 1,078.78 1,172.97 1,005.04 6.56
Source: CountryStat Philippines

Table __. Area Planted by Region, hectares, 2010-2014

Ave.
Growth
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Average
Rate
(%)
3,575,944. 3,561,981. 3,574,613. 3,551,298. 3,502,011. 3,553,169. -0.52
PHILIPPINES
47 11 61 83 47 90
By Cluster
1,769,900. 1,761,202. 1,762,647. 1,730,580.
1,781,721. 1,761,210.
Mindanao 0.18
47 00 50 10 40 29
1,073,136. 1,083,621. 1,091,668. 1,093,573.
1,108,910. 1,090,181.
South Luzon 0.82
00 00 00 00 00 60
650,480.5
Visayas 683,138.00 667,093.00 669,353.00 675,550.53 557,268.07 -4.65
2
North Luzon 49,770.00 50,065.11 50,945.11 51,595.20 54,112.00 51,297.48 2.13
By Region
453,106.4 0.06
Bicol Region 452,679.00 452,681.00 453,501.00 452,967.00 453,704.00
0
441,479.8 0.71
CALABARZON 438,673.00 438,253.00 438,733.00 440,640.00 451,100.00
0
Eastern 402,718.8 -6.66
434,539.00 417,786.00 419,540.00 419,640.00 322,089.00
Visayas 0
Zamboanga 384,734.6 2.92
372,971.47 375,080.00 377,389.00 380,919.00 417,314.00
Pen. 9
366,420.0 -1.25
Davao Region 375,885.00 375,630.00 375,622.00 348,483.00 356,480.00
0
ARMM 315,645.00 314,418.00 315,939.50 322,677.10 327,890.40 319,314.0 0.96
 0
North. 301,973.0 0.13
301,257.00 301,697.00 301,660.00 302,433.00 302,818.00
Mindanao 0
Caraga 207,046.8 -3.25
219,121.00 218,613.00 215,285.00 191,107.00 191,108.00
Region 0
195,595.4 2.96
MIMAROPA 181,784.00 192,687.00 199,434.00 199,966.00 204,106.00
0
0.21
181,721.8
SOCCSKSARGE 185,021.00 175,764.00 176,752.00 184,961.00 186,111.00
0
N
Central 128,176.6 -0.45
128,677.00 128,533.00 128,660.00 128,666.00 126,347.00
Visayas 0
Western 119,585.1 -2.10
119,922.00 120,774.00 121,153.00 127,244.53 108,832.07
Visayas 2
Central Luzon 24,088.00 24,088.00 24,068.00 24,037.00 26,305.00 24,517.20 2.31
Cagayan 2.41
13,661.00 13,781.00 14,591.00 15,044.00 15,011.00 14,417.60
Valley
Ilocos Region 11,740.00 11,911.11 11,986.11 12,182.20 12,434.00 12,050.68 1.45
CAR 281.00 285.00 300.00 332.00 362.00 312.00 6.60
Source: CountryStat Philippines

(Compute and include yield in the discussion, or not?)

(Discussion for provincial production)

Table __. Volume of Production by Province in South Luzon, metric tons,

2010-2014
Ave.
Growth
2010 2011 2012 2013
Rate
Province 2014 (%)
1,114,764. 1,114,760. 1,154,500. 1,190,719. 1,177,892.
1.41
Quezon 02 53 29 40 89
240,081.7 289,262.2 309,967.9 357,882.0 397,579.6
13.55
Palawan 9 0 7 3 2
331,017.8 322,149.0 333,822.3 340,451.8 323,599.3
-0.50
Cam. Sur 6 0 4 4 7
307,107.8 285,829.2 317,015.0 316,654.8 300,424.3
-0.31
Masbate 5 6 5 8 8
235,022.0 233,187.0 239,547.0 244,048.0 242,368.5
0.78
Cam.Norte 0 0 0 0 3
221,389.7 221,135.8 228,590.5 227,836.9 214,019.5
-0.78
Romblon 9 5 0 8 3
231,503.9 195,499.7 174,853.2 169,621.6 147,860.3
-10.48
Sorsogon 3 7 8 5 4
123,770.2 126,006.3 130,224.3 105,679.1 107,130.7
-3.08
Or.Mindoro 1 0 0 4 3
161,104.0 160,986.4 171,039.7 180,333.0 105,420.0
-7.48
Albay 7 5 7 7 8
107,215.6 109,185.5 114,450.0 119,270.9
-2.14
Laguna 8 5 7 4 96,110.06
Marinduque 63,289.42 65,399.24 65,093.12 75,865.43 75,961.13 4.89
132,300.0 125,930.0 107,439.0
82,952.50 -14.70
Batangas 0 0 0 69,256.36
Cavite 39,708.86 40,322.27 40,386.42 41,143.60 36,511.29 -1.92
Occ.
10,688.05 11,096.15 11,612.65 11,870.96 3.45
Mindoro 12,237.96
Catanduane
3,782.26 4,055.44 4,181.40 4,398.05 5.81
s 4,738.81
Rizal 649.14 655.44 663.19 717.28 720.39 2.69

Table __. Area Harvested by Province in South Luzon, metric tons, 2010-
2014
Ave.
Growth
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Rate
Province (%)
326,02
325,545 325,545 328,025 338,723 1.01
Quezon 5
119,04
119,045 119,045 119,045 119,045 0.00
Cam. Sur 5
Sorsogon 97,692 97,692 97,692 97,153 97,153 -0.14
Masbate 95,629 95,629 95,629 95,629 95,629 0.00
Cam.Norte 85,378 85,380 85,400 85,405 85,405 0.01
Palawan 58,500 69,450 76,200 76,800 81,200 8.74
Laguna 62,248 62,248 62,248 62,248 62,200 -0.02
Romblon 57,737 57,686 57,683 57,680 57,641 -0.04
Albay 40,200 40,200 41,000 41,000 41,000 0.50
Batangas 36,990 36,590 36,590 36,490 36,300 -0.47
Marinduque 35,448 35,448 35,446 35,446 35,450 0.00
Or.Mindoro 28,361 28,365 28,365 28,295 28,065 -0.26
Catanduane
14,735 14,735 14,735 14,735 15,472 1.25
s
Cavite 13,620 13,600 13,600 13,607 13,607 -0.02
Occ.
1,738 1,738 1,740 1,745 1,750 0.17
Mindoro
Rizal 270 270 270 270 270 0.00

Supply Utilization Accounts

Even though the Philippines has a generally negative average growth rate
for the past years due to pest infestation and damages from strong
typhoons, the country has been consistently having a 100% self-
sufficiency ratio (see Table __), indicating that the countrys coconut
production is completely sufficient for its own use. It does not need to
import, therefore, the countrys gross supply is completely coming from its
own total production. Its self-sufficiency is even a little greater than 100%,
indicating that it is capable of producing coconut for export without
sacrificing the countrys own use.

Table __. Supply Utilization Accounts (SUA) of Coconut, metric tons, 2010-
2014
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
GROSS 15,510,28 15,244,60 15,863,80 15,354,33 14,696,29
SUPPLY 3 9 1 4 8
Production 15,510,283 15,244,609 15,863,801 15,354,334 14,696,298
Imports 0 0 0 0 0
UTILIZATION
Exports 2,449 7,338 1,741 2,817 2,009
Net
Disposable
Supply 15,507,834 15,237,271 15,862,060 15,351,517 14,694,289
Seeds 155,103 152,446 158,638 153,543 146,963
Processing
Food Use 6,204,113 6,097,844 6,345,520 6,141,734 5,878,519
Non-food Use 8,374,230 8,228,126 8,565,512 8,289,819 7,934,916
Net Food
Disposable 774,388 758,855 792,390 766,421 733,891
Per Capita
NFD
Kilograms/year 8.31 8.00 8.21 7.80 7.42
Grams/day 22.77 21.92 22.49 21.37 20.33
Self-
Sufficiency 100.02 100.05 100.01 100.02 100.01
Ratio (SSR)*
Source: CountryStat Philippines
*SSR formula based from Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
SSR = production x 100/ (production + imports - exports)

The Philippines is currently the leading manufacturer and exporter of VCO

in the world. As seen in Figure __ below, the countrys VCO export started
to appear in 2001, following an increasing trend, and the slope can be
seen to be getting steeper and steeper annually. Such trend can be
explained by the increasing demand of VCO in importing countries.

Philippine Coconut Authority (PCA) Administrator Euclides G. Forbes

attributed increasing demand for VCO to the growing awareness by
foreigners on the health benefits of VCO. Citing a study commissioned by
the agency, the official said that intake of VCO is good for the body as it
helps manage ones cholesterol levels better, improves ones appetite and
boosts ones stamina, among others.

Figure __. Volume of VCO exports from 2001-2015

Source: Philippine Coconut Authority (2014)