FLUID MECHANICS

ASSIGNMENT

Made by: Submitted to:

APOORV GUPTA Prof. R.K. SINGH
ME- IJK (4th SEMESTER)
2K13/ME/047
Q1.56 The reactive force developed by a jet engine to push an airplane forward is
called thrust, and the thrust developed by the engine of Boing 777 is about 85,000
lbf. Express this thrust in N and Kgf.
Ans. Thrust = 85,000lbf
1lbf= 4.448N
Thrust in N= 85,000 x 4.448 = 3.78 x 105 N
1Kgf= 9.81N
Thrust in Kgf= 3.78 x 105/ 9.81 = 3.85 x 104 N

Q2.65 What is Newtonian fluid? Is water a Newtonian fluid?

Ans. In continuum mechanics, a Newtonian fluid is a fluid in which the viscous
stresses arising from its flow, at every point, are linearly proportional to the local
strain ratethe rate of change of its deformation over time. That is equivalent to
saying that those forces are proportional to the rates of change of the fluid's
velocity vector as one moves away from the point in question in various directions.
Yes, water is a Newtonian fluid as it has different density properties, which allows
a different shear stress and rate flow graphs within a given interval.

Q3.13 A 90Kg man has a total foot imprint area of 450 cm2. Determine the
pressure this man exerts on the ground if
(a) he stands on one foot
(b) he stands on both the feet
Ans.
Weight of man = W= 90Kg x g= 90x 9.81= 882.9N
Area of foot print= A= 450 cm2= 4.5x 10-2 m2
(a) on one foot
 P=W/A = 882.9/(4.5 x 10-2)
P= 19620 Pa
(b) on both feet
P=W/2A = 882.9/(2 x 4.5 x 10-2)
P= 9810 Pa

Q3.91 The volume and the average density of an irregularly shaped body are to be
determined by using a spring scale. The body weighs 7200N in air and 4790N in
water. Determine the volume and the density of the body. state your assumption.
Ans.
Assumption: 1. The buoyancy force of air is negligible.
2. The body is fully submerged in water.

Weight of body in air= Wair =7200N

Weight of body in water= Wwater =4790N
Mass of the body=m = Wair/g = 7200/9.81= 733.9Kg
Density of water= water = 1000 Kg/m3
The difference between the weights in air and in water is due to the buoyancy force
(F) in water,
F= Wair - Wwater = 7200 - 4790 = 2410N
F= water x g x V where, V is volume of the body
2410= 1000 x 9.81 x V
V= 0.246 m3
Density of body= = m/V
=733.9/0.246
 =2987Kg/m3

Q3.158 The volume of the rock is to be determined without using any volume
measurement devices. Explain how you would do this with a waterproof spring
scale.
Ans. The volume of a rock can be determined without using any volume
measurement devices as follows:
We weigh the rock in the air and then in the water. The difference between the two
weights is due to the buoyancy force, which is equal to
F= Wair - Wwater
F= water x g x Vbody
Solving this relation for Vbody gives the volume of the rock.