Deedicated to my father: Harry Lous, with deepest love and grate, and ‘tomy beloved nieces, Winired R. Lois and Robyn Lous Thanks and warm affection to those ofmy fends and colleagues who ‘have done so much to mate this book pose, Persevhone Rises, 1860-1927 ‘Mythography, Gender, and the Creation of @ New Spirituality Income AI 3246659 MARGOT K. LOUIS Universi of Vitoria, Canada ASHGATE aoareseoti Seid 209 ‘Alig seve Nop fs uation my eee sted ia a ia ‘pum vm ry ay ene ee hn PS. ac nme hm api Den A tidy ’ ‘ob Pub Lit ‘tgs abating Company ‘Wey Cut Eat ‘Sueno Unie Rnd Jee Sm Sey G9 °F Vest aos Eng ta mast i Leary Canoga Pte Data (ts Mare Kate 196-307 Pesee on, 180-1927 myhoga,penet,d h cetn of ne iiy Teng iene~scey = try eden 2 Eas ne 200 ety = Hist nd cin 3 Mh Clas ae Se len tc Stayner 6 Freie Gr inte Luter of Congress Catone Publeaton Data te kate 195 207 gen yey at etary Hinomsa Se Gora pp) 1 Eh eI coy Hy nd iim 2. Ane ee 1 ett merci faa neh ey Hoy tric @ Amen este caylee 5. Peete (Gey ene Bet nr? Sy (Sager, FSC FEES” Tintmu Lone, Comal Contents Foreword Proce “Achnowtecyments larson: Gods and Mysteries: The Revival of Paganism and the ‘Remaking of Mythogaphy though the Niners Cnty 1 AMjh Apropriad: Grek Penephone to Renate Proserpine 2 Margy Cone an he Cae We et a 3 Proserpine an Pesimisn: Goddesses of Desh Lif nd Language "fom Swine to Wharton 44 The Vien with he Sea Fey, Ritual and Inogination in Tes of hed Urberiles snd My Aoi 5 “Lam Kol The Mort Under andthe Rising Peep Append A: The Sister Ifuence: Causes of Fn-eSitslePession “Append B: Proserpine: A Biography. complied by rat Levin eke Cad nde Raw 2s a ss ww 19Permissions Research for this book was rginally published in Mader Philology (1988) tn Seria Sater (2005) The ere af oth jour ave pcm ven Peminion a epodice thse ys ee ; Introduction Gods and Mysteries: The Revival of Paganism and the Remaking of Mythography through the Nineteenth Century ‘doin wonder wy he Opis Apa, hn, Za eas ‘sel nd an yh sey pols he psa a, Doe inh sm om ce a me ie len Haron, pa ant Oma (1915) From 1800 19 the 192, the evolution of mythogphy both ifomed snd ‘var iofomed by wider eula! developments the pet and Ac projec ‘Streplaing the Christin mythos tat fo ao Lng fore the imaginative core ‘ot Wester clue: the stupa between he dive tomord transcendence and 9 ‘evving reverence forte aia wold ad seasonal eyes: thei Dt ‘tary signfsant dominance of pesmi; ann ection, the exertion ‘of ferlty and of he Hie fee. Te press of hse very aetna ‘reser dfn the snd of eacie Grek pon thie ough he ‘ped, we nd a recent iistnce Ut te mytolony of the ancient Geeks (Goeticaly that of Homer is ess dap les ly eligous han he Mystery ‘sof the cthonian dees: Pesepone,Dicaysts and Adonis To race the “arias on thistheme trap te msthogray and erate ote perio > {ethers gins mses inthe ery rose fran ‘Webepin wih seiealy Romans approach Hellen. The gos ‘of Grek mythology wee dept sein foie in Sympathy ith oor seing, separate fro humanity in the inhorn beauty ind ota Joyralogaher inadequate, thelr, to 2 Romantic egies Seas By contr, the Gresk Mystenes were asued fo have sti the relpiout ‘costly bras ey cometed clans with ene aoe, wi ate ad ‘eh the aie Ts epost Deween myth and Mistery (which may ot seem tbe charter of ancien eck gion at we now pec re ‘ot of Carita and Reman concep of pital experience’ More inperan, “dyn ths denigrationofaytandelevatonofMystery wasa ey inte ‘Sentry agents In opeston hth o raonlsn and 3 dogmatic Christan. Fonte apo son wan ree nd projected tte Mts Furth ‘gant he dominant assmpons of be tine some Romantics sugges fa the sme epi ent ore both ancient Grek and modern Cie ‘ligin, Ths ew deeply alec thinking about Creek religion ough the Tek Vicoran age. However in he plana atmosphere of the ae Vitrian2 Perphone R 1860-1927 a, dentin the Greco became 4 way tack the Cnt cl ‘rnscendeoce animate fc om ie er Seah the exation ‘he Myers bese away celebrite th sctdoes of thi of sem, aol thifefoce. More more, Victorians riled aver yh tnd St thee cults ema oe development of rian, whl te mth ‘ilSonored were toe eaining othe gee goes of te Nsteree ‘Than developments, lage ashy ae Go ote up he wey Ini ‘urodtion | focus on two entwined eae of «comple we (he ik ‘he Olympian gous andthe exhation of the Miter ats) and ew othe "tread ped wo forthe ler ptr of Vicor attest ancient Gree Imp and religion. The ivaluble suveys of Vicon mythogrnty by James isn, Janet Bustin, ad Frank Tune om Wo facta Hn, fe pesiense os Romani stain in Vieoran mythopaphy; and second, he close elton tecnen mythosipy and poorytroughou thee, esa seal pro my argon thatBetish perceptions of mh the pri amo e werd ‘ally by eeu o Beh mythogranky bat mt be plemented es ‘oth to more sopiscated Comin ste ano Brith pty. Inthearymetenth century British mythograhers were mperedeven ore than thr German coneporrsby the ee o cont aston erage ley deeply sspicon of apis nay fom. Romans and Vicoran poy. Ihowever,offied ld wich myth cul be wed, revi, even expty Citi iced arom, hich bigs pripata the vin om {which the take thir origin and ch hey ear, rasing (as Care pus) trough Misty 6 Mystery om Godan God (2667). Such Crs inlets pate o Romanczes Cristini at one calenged nd reamed thee of Christan more fair aly eect England 20 “Santon” tis prod was» enol charged expression Inn Creazer’s inlet eadonemee of craton course singly with Coleridge's ‘pls rpudason of th anthem 1619) and emanation i 1816258 DS; see Colenige 8 57-8 Te 417-127), ‘icuzerapeaedo writes ana precisely because his “emsisic gmp with he ving ris side”ofpaganiem Felan an Rshordson 57h ths ethssar ed obi denigration the Rand of tose who ished to tam mothogrnhy int a slenee" Yo he iauaced even i dato. ‘arc mine eter ps "aro dr gehen See veo Sym" Coe Syl ped oye big (re My el ee te St mre terranes Pope de de Sadie eee “Alen Homeric Poe ech fe Herma er Mh de Rio id Pc Cv 10130, pra i ere at ‘ee en Cen it wee Sod my ne Oa orc, Tims Ki he Mh of cn Grea a (01 art his nh app, ais ul bt he an ‘ew ec of rao he i i ey), ners ‘Soi ncn ing Grek go ie op ‘Soph por calamari rowan ho ard Siptaay Ge fdanmeniticeiae ea1 Perephoe Rs 160-1927 ‘Though opposed to Creuzr’speeence forthe Myst, KO. Ml i bis Inia Seif Sytem of too 1825) mes inCrezein ras the teson eins in any vig ath toe enone ini "he endenouro comprehen th eniveriy fy” (18) The Olympan dies ‘an pps lilly ala pron, seul et—especial acide ‘be grat sulpres of clin Greece can so sem stati, een, a, ove all disconnected. The moe dente they are ia Tom, he roe spare ‘hey ape fom one norte see tbe ey ok th os detache they seem o be frm wobled meal fe inca te Wordonethan ‘alrztio of comnestve spay athe ssc of los and orl ing, (his detshnet cant abl (Cewa's influence on niccen-centary preps of myth in Fag speatingcountriesis boon detested, perhapsbecs th Smelt sever ‘en wasnt into Eagish nits ene However, en 1825 trough 881, ‘ID. Gui ase ths masive nok into Frac, realy rena and evisng i aswel sag formidable pps olson oe ots (ten tes notes are esaysaplating Ceuzrs teatnent of specie pcs ‘vith lavish allison to other Scholan Since Fesch wa more wel se ‘han German, this adaption made Crew's thong aval fo many Eaglsh Speakers; Creer hel, moreover, pase the ranslin 36 “meter” oe tasty (Symhot T8571" 0 a). Margret Flor quoted hs drain at ‘ened not pode anaheteton ofthe Sb “i French alta one wel cag she observe, "an fede were oo sid wih is ‘ow work thy mast ave recourse othe rant” in ely Dal 157-8). 'n 1883, Guignius sation was reviewed nthe lentil Reve dey Dew ‘Monde by 9 les peso tan Ernest Rema, who sae athe Notes ‘nd formed the core of ancient Grek religion an athe mthlopeal eet ‘as iesetal even othe Gres Renan 340), Fe ale, ulin sts at ie Bhai he wo of Crete 6), Colgan of Cis Stat per cy rming he ‘echt who ad a i he work te, Corie, mui doe ht ey ‘he bk flr as end He ao snd ec dso Us necacoe {0 ly dates 8, 4 on he ae ae), Corte ron Cru a2 sce sn i sm of pt each ce te The Pores of he (1850) fe major wr of Engle eyo ake ‘econ fhe vio a ety of German chips Neal o Crust {ical he Sti "perp he most service Do essing (t= Pls ‘Sane oe eel ty” va) Gate and ter ° “The Romane Vso in igh Victorian Mythography Inc ies poy ad mie at deka ie ‘rth pct ay Gow frm go fo wall Speeths ieee hoes pene “Re iam Mak The Propsf nl (130)2: 16 Far into the Vieoran er, mythogaphrs were sil abeuring to modify the ‘Sept rooted Bish bs toward pupa Raskin i 1856, and even at tea 1869, si fest cesar to mack bo the “bier sbor-sigedess Sf Putas hat would ede che! dees 19 mere ls, ad the "rere {el fly” of reading Greek myth as decorative as “a wity allegry, or @ [pact of which the ete ope anconeammaton was prety sein emi fh court ort then fhe gard" (Modern Paes 3180) In tre Wordsworth spit, he opens his con o thei (1869) wih an appeal te sympathy at woul bind he pet andthe past "You mast ogive me {or ot alvays dstietivey cling the ceeds othe past, supersitn ad the {ree the present dy, "pon I wil only pay yout end, nh patience tc ran sympa, the hugh omen who ied without lane aks They could et dispel" (Qacen 1.1.2) uskin’s ear assumptions shou is audience wefilly rind ws dha English mythopaphy beeame mere compantve, more capable of respecting etn eign tgp opened between te det oy ane ene bi ‘ich in any sects eae pre-Romantc convictions long ater shal ha ‘andor hr As ates 1676s chien story of Gress by Charlo Voge ‘roid tht mci Greke “were no ined inthe Koo dg of God ike the Teles St gua fr tems They meget (11-12).At the mide. cms sl commonplace in Beta wo pivege Cosa as ‘Yet within geneaton the tats of ancient Grcketiion (omer et adeied thn anciet Greek Tete and at) 06 with Saring ney i Vira England By he 18605, clasieal pagan ha bso vill 6 authors who ad pel condemned and eid it eae nthe eares. Ruskin Bega ‘S's evangelical ut i ae wring, were aud by Aen ad Proserpine {nd his ine fat vas increasingly ned in pga ets. Eluabedh Bare. stan ardent Dioner The Dead Pan” (184) stake? Sciler's Rms rowan for thai legos of las. Pans dead (Browsing 309) Yet. bye composition "A Misia Intramen” (M60), Pan wae wine hee nthe mythogaply ofthe ea occured ll more skins shh at pst snd Christian spinal impulses were more and moe conden connected and. hit ccd ‘rom abot the Begining of Visor’ reign, Wordswontian strategies of resnelion nade asc which Betis athe sould bein to four ‘These steps ao desl shaped assumes within British mytogaph. Sone Victovan mopapers uch as Rater Mackay and ska) were dep© Perephone Rie 1880-1927 ‘moved by Heli worship and wed ioe! for change and ena inthe ‘pita ife of thom tne es (sch as Genge rote td ax Mlle) ‘ere eager wo female mythogrpy loan cbjectve sence and so impli {o ensurageseusriaton i tse own age Some wee Soca ply {ike Gre) with myth a a histor phenomenoe, (ike Mackay) wt he place of eth inthe istry of epi, (ike Max Mlle) with pilgy a2 Incas of eveaing mys gis and ature Yet up to about 1870, ia al ‘Bopper scsped sme elemento te Romantic vsn of myth OF hse "ements heros inporan wee (1) te assunplon ta Cd and ance ‘Greek eligon developed fom th same prychaogal pub; (2) be view at !myhisthepotc imaginations lous espows ature snd (3) the ecaret ‘ora of Obpan worship wit the Mysenes ‘The Commit of Religions | 1846, histrin George Grote esrb heer in whi Grek myth ad rigius pacice developed as an “age of histor fu; he compared the Pyeinlgcal tendencies of hat prod with “the ke mental Miia aly Rodos Europe” (oid) Cros History of Greve ply egies casa! Ins wih he legends of he sins a wi Arba rine (619-37) To ‘Grote, Benham rational, Christin and Grek religion wre equally based ‘on oral ips; fr Crs Protestant renders, was a) bbe ha Imeinrl Catois were ied by a sincere (bul mites rely ke that ‘tthe ancient pgane Mackay's The Prgms ofthe Inlet (NSD), tag ‘xpesing reverence rip act ro Grote sary Soles The ee faney that wove the web of Myths was consecrated by Eh” (I). Dison the Here and Grek lpn sem, Mackay toes hese spac, ‘fr, and pte of develpmen in each He apes tht in bth rho, ‘ina inion of pate Gnome by the thay of emusic) beam ‘gate trough pisurerque mythologiring” The Jews tho hough vais “evelopneat, some of whch vera to Crit) redinaner ass ofthe ‘vine ui, which the Gres abo begin redevelop, cough he Myers {he werk of the piophes 2 110,125, 146-7). Goings ihr, Rss in The nce of he ir(1869) spp and Cheisian religion visaly on» level He ene and wusfoms the fg of Aen © 5 pastes enray ta coun oh te eaves, the cath ad the het ‘Unersond as wing he highest hres of he casa gods ad te Chan (Gos offers way maps approach he “ove onal end eaten res of sip and of eee” (Quon 2.10136). As Di Bich observes, ‘On cote hay se Mackay 2: 12-1; on he dpe 4 a sere fu” tomb nd yng, 131-4 Mckay pel ces th ‘Ce doit fe Smo and ua’ ana Cras de and es ” Ruins compre oly ee este Chin oe te pap tert sy depen of he Cte that myn wr Fair, ols pons a heen a gd ‘Gsm al eel espe se en Chis. (Rai ately” 20) ‘That eating wits could opel arcuate sch sentiments tou ouing fro denunciation sugges remarkable cual shift What makes this ete of change pose ver short itor! pid iT re ely the Christian pation or pated Chiat of The Excursion, which pers mac Vicor yor Imagination ad Nature “Mboogy i pocn” Mackay assert: 181. ven KO. Miler in is istry ‘fh Looe of Ancient Gece (1840) tad sed Woedovortian guage (crite mya Imagine option ae mont a, ad howe egenions we ‘So singe an an! inthe de Hot fasion an nate [Eft ety mat dcr rat nly eel poe of ‘get, unlng a et af te ea and Bnet ao ie oe ec yal cc of enn i oe es ‘Felinan i on 3) Perhaps the most famous variation on his theme is Max Maller’ theory in Comprative Mythology (18565) hat mye are tales accounting fr metaphors ‘ced on solar phenomena; he report thi theory not ony by piaogial Srpument bat also By repeated appeals to Wordsworth Ip Mle’ View, {he primitive mind, perceiving tntinatons of anscendece in natural ‘phenomena produced a complex, luminous poetry in language self. "The ‘eatin of ctery word was orginally «poem, embodying a bold metaphor ‘bright conception (101) Ltertheseinms relly need convey ins fslngs Roce minndenood elaborated end debe inactive ls the ‘myths we know 82). Mythology ths proceds fom "a dss of anggs.* in Mule’ afamous pase (td Ackerman 29, nd pracy xignary Toe, ‘gine wo the pocte ington ahr than fhe myc ecepon, Mller ‘ses: “L}et us look to our poets, who use no Word without vi relly enliven iin thi mind, and ny in thi esa cle poo Inytotoges, hose who speak roy. Let ur open Wordsworth" (73). Aad le open Wordeworth apo sere purpose qn seven passes win fve pages amd crag to the pet tice again tte couse Of Compare "ae cd vohme of Rekn's Men Pn bie by voi he vy pangs Tic Eason ed tve(U5,p 4a 8)2 Psp Re 188-1927 Moog (19-7, 136, 18. ta Maller’ view, Werdwerks veri estes {wage perepion, the primacy of meapor, to langege ety ‘Gros view on the relationship of poy and mytology isto mare comple sd ore nfuatiaeay Greek mythology emerged fom "at of ‘nia .anaogous oar on childhood” bt nthe mary of tase Greece, Ibid, pea poets and dame ced etter eng mys "ha had essed oben comple harmony even with he one aa of lst sn setiment-—moch moreso with beige” (Grote 18-19.839)" The posts impulse therefore came ino ply twice over fs ively and uncon thecal mytmaing ofthe Fk: gaa in amore deliver nd sophisti tm. trough the poety of high exe. Grote's ales tty be ofa ‘ietoran poets a model fo revisionist myehmaking a2 tie when Clr mya eed fo eae renement nd acanlsinyepeaps Gre ‘ering ths very roe in Vitor poet, posted sh desloge es ‘Greek sutra! sty (Tenaya inthe Pom of RAD--otbyincTe Lvs. Esters” andthe *More € Arts” respectively hada ened bah Grek ‘Christin myth legend In jot such 2 wa.) Tis strategy made rom for ‘Sphistcnd mofem poet wh ek anes with dogmatic bio With dae ‘heey he respec fr reader elious sess, poets sold ee td ‘modify both cscal and Chron ts tho spray leva and ne the ownage The Conrast of Obmpian Worship withthe Misterie Mytogrpbes athe mile ofthe nineteenth centr seemed fst glorify the Olympia gods fig an of conons wisdom. KO. Ml exalts Api: Reskn thes; Mix Mille, any igure he ould pony view or sa eo. ‘Yea ina Bic as shown, bts skin an Ma Mle reominanty evoke sSshadowed shoo of ight" dying gd ofthe sunset ("Solr Mtoe) 10, 120) They present the Olympians a compen fires sb, dame vith what Welnan cals “ibe negative fre at lovee the boas of fam {nd allows oe thing o ms io sot” (15) As the cetuy wens om insistence ona sptual vison tht asks edge dicey pos ad Avision grows and shits the empha once mre say fo the oe of Tih toward he chon dis and th go oh Myseri,l ven Rika as fom Athens o Pershore. In 187, Rusia bogies own Paver angen! necro mourning fr Rose La Touche, who i tat year the ‘ge O25: mt go ou and bv and think what Bosmes ofa the file gia ches a he Roma meth es [Mer ‘tenes nege (11) Seale Ge 3400 Kae 9; re 8995, 102 Tar sn i ‘ie pitcane te of Ora opus hit che ef Coat "Sec a of Gre cal Gr rea clipart 3) Gate ant eer » ‘oss, and whee my own moan Cor ies he in wink and where berswet body isin ins eth (Prep 112. 17." "The Creuzerian Mackay in The Proper ofthe Intellect provides the most logventmid ena aseronoftetops which comes te Homeritholes, tots dsodvanage with the teres Hee to, we fg an enereret of ‘ouring 2 Vistrian sens tpn Mackay condoms Homer yg for "trig religion tno the pape of a carsval” (2112), ely in "the Bocatian or Hesoictngs”--vhich he blest fave erg ots Otic Mystery cts—dcs he fn! aque pry tha cofonts "ie diiclies and Pains af preset” and ces “the religous foling which may each ten to bear he ls of i (I: 178). The “pasion” of Dionysos reveals to 1 the psf uth that "man, ike Oedipus wound om his bt: Bea «yum cn exist nly beyond the rave te aya of Cora Proserina"(: 137), Fora oneal of at hope and ofthat ene of vine unity fate bagi ‘ot sia, me most tn tothe union of Dione sad Penesone in he ‘ered mariage 210,137 9), ‘och com for the Olympians, ich pase fr the Myst, goes axist the we caren the sree of md Victorian ele the ce Et oe “omenators have taken for the whol sn, Feldas and Richerson agus {fate Vicorin revaluation af myth pnore the irtoal depts of Grek. falue ad fered Greek myth "ogh mesh of crassa Betty” {Go}, This astmpton bos te fr popular handbooks ike Buln Age (of Fable (1855), yet Victorian repeseratons of Greek eligi a sunny and Talend we Hegel caged witha een sible ad gal hy scknowidpment «more some sek in pga spl. Fr example “fuga od Model Relig Sentiment” (860, Mathew Amol dsb popula sani (Scio represented bythe ye to Adal ete 15th Slot Teortas asa Shallow "elpion of plese (29), "cher ens (222)—tut rnold conrad hs popula relin wit te paver weap othe ‘Myserie"Sjmetcly xd the haul man et arth rok uteri undue sated this toy was opal of we td ashing "pean, and oud Seal the soul to elevating and consing hgh” (22: rips mine. For Arnold afr Grote, Greck poplar fla wat seated bythe grat poets of te classc ea, who ad elermalte elgon ae Aros tener hi Os Rain's complex undeaning of Proein eh,Ran Abt 172d rman 185. Coc veo ar ort ae ‘Shih phone ws mst cams owe arn te Gla "kay diel Ga eon nb "eye hich my be ed be it nr mata ina fh, the opr fie wis ee caret ‘pepe nay empl) To cay. Heeer ite moran an Thc provides co md pple” ha ces he Stal any andere 17) wh tng at emp Et reins The rg f tenn Bont Reaw (1 0 ay rd sk ‘pb aba pasted meting Masaya Ce 43030,a Pepe Rs 140-1997 ‘The Ant-Otympian Topos in Vietorian Poetry frien [Res ert obe ch fo! char Wher, Dar Bhopal 11-52) 90° wan Victorian poy tat he emotions asiocintions of Grsk mythology see rowrked so at the ant-Olympa tops, gal came home ‘ears, pesunded them, and Seam 2 part of th saris: Incl. is ‘evelopment reinrced wider cular shit by which teed Worsworian ‘ley for conection and conan mas neni space by anger and onent—dret fist the Olympians but nt expo 1h pling ove ‘ote Cristian dey a well. The Mystere were no Tonge viewed a Sab, ‘evecitals tht could develop spit of comma sympathy by he et ot ‘he con, stead the foes ted war th ori nd cette lems ‘he ehthonse rie At fot, However, poets stacked the Ohympias more tas ty ded te [Myseries:the aac was moral (a in Waruron's dy) bu the morality as Romantic. The ebjecton now was less ht the Obrpins wet tei orm (and tere unable oso oan apes of tein tha th hey ere fit in symp, even sail nln to ike pear in the pn of morals. n “The Lot Ee,” Team painted the Olypian gc ing “in screamased atthe agonis of brant (159). In “The Sayed Revell (1849), Matthew Amol aso preseted Olympians who se the weld pin ‘thou sympathy spi their inierence he et te oy of he Mystic ad ‘Specialy the vison of "The dese the die, Beloved lcs” 70-80. [Abi in Arol's Empedoler om Fina (1852), while Typo groans tnd the Iowan, Zea eae in al please Han” and "he aed Gos silk” (Poems 1.67.8) iering the Maca ppl, yoong Api srncly wa os The ie is wht forthe ying of Maya Bute medic bet ee inp he ay ran the pny su named poe ‘Whee in pat epee acing how he whet spt (159-68) Sich pases ew oe cua isn ofthe gdss epic frat, by sets De erm nara: 1-163 18-22). Yet the Verte were making ont opposed tothe sca ots Toe Raman mails ied et ad Ipoducedby te operation oft, isch ame eps hare ome et el in en ee ‘non, Wage compel eH oft ot Ba eg ay ce ‘er Macho ttc open 8, bb corpse le, et Mrs s indies o human fi and not ven ise thm (6: SH-79), The Viorans (tired bythe revelation in ses that race the soon fev ad ‘ser compassionate tes) were cxraged y th ey mtn ta ole sy evelnginhis spare cy. amused the worn Sip sal, ‘scoala pra esons ander th ge a's Stace lly, {hth Ramadi andthe Vsioran ete we ccna her ony he ‘petal dimension. Besa the appre elvan epoah ods ng of ue this evasion a at picarean vison tht was hry poplin he "ph Vistoran ge sian cases that mare depy thn fe ihe Cottam, ‘he eelton of geology te hor felon ay ter aly ine ‘cvelopmentenemied Chany inthe ineteth cen Av Chen Darwin wee simpy toa en, Ton cams lial aces o, a Sh with o o.evdenc ofan & beneiceceTheresamston mish ity inthe wert (221) At thr anearnss a Wordwora i tet steno Sacred spat compasion sd connection, ante ipesionte Opn ‘Srey begat ser lm sophie “These tensions exploded in the poetry of 1859 trough 1866, alongside ctrovesies aver Dain and over Fstayt and Renews (an aege Tae by seven writers, mostly clesjmen, to spate English Christan by ‘porting new that! sproahe rom Germany) togethers shook Vetrian Cristini ts foundations The pia elvan ofthe i ‘Olympian ops was exposed by Algernon Swinburne, he pst who 50 many ‘toa ges ot ofthe bag. Swishure mas twas of he delet sac (Olympians of Tenmyson and Amol, athe als repo othe acces, In I861, LW, Dizon a member of the Pre-Raphaelite ceo which Swinburne his tong, Boke withthe Romani view of the Myre at eiying feremonis of consolation and union. In Diton's Proepie™ (186), the sina ies ae pintve en Sandy, par and cto, Tht ee fat English pom to ienify rosepine consort ae Dionjon, "Who dir at hit ‘own mys / Being 2 go” (Dison 70." Swine does responded 0 Howard Murphy aac at whit “lopment inp tloy,at Bic chip rove! no setae es) ot ‘ry yt tener etc om Cay Be ar a or ‘Ta! son sunt oii Cran Sine te ts fe Acme ‘nee Onl Sic tl cscuned wihe oing coon han ia {ndmray wee nd pres apy 0 pi). 2 Dios ens on Deer's “nyse” ahi one f Diyas ae Praise ha athe ey es Dan (ub wat le) wa a ot ‘Geman by Crewe ey Creams semen tie has Cee ‘Gupta, dred ot eine Sr sr oo Imo de Dona de Daas mts” sar eo nd ‘SemaberotDcsyeay cecal ofthe Dans ft Me (myo ‘Stisune ho woud ony hav lug i al nora) ‘her es Delar"(16) hentpsa arroyo Pat oy ‘Ser my seme nye) Se ae Cpt 10% 8,6 Pope Rs, 1601827 iso's emphasis on ood ois, and death fr the ites in Swinbure's own AL Eeui” (1866) ae naked olen (8 205-8) More imporant for Swinbore and forthe history ofthe an-Olympian topos was Vicor Hugo's "Le Sue” (889), which te apt Opmpans ‘Me arsoned shamed nd scythe ong of a iar te ‘rth the Danian Ness), ho ase thatthe die subsist in tre Tl buy. Hugo toldy conectshe Olpane wih te Chita Cod, Ealing fo the dercton of dogmatic Crimi eet la at “Liber efor surf dogo rt™"a god a ng fig re sd rust be ound onthe dentacton of gma” (ag 10" 6 Tanlatin),Swinbume viewed Hogo a a dempn and Le Saye” was a poem at pricalrty pred him (Lous Swinbrne 1079) ‘Ye Swinburne pos fut than Hap. The gods who cate, estoy, a tomes, "Not nang wise compassion. Nor bling py oan wort (1037-8) arecondemmodin Swit’ alana Cao 18S), batty is arack isedsected to astgle God supreme evn and ere a ‘nantly sai erin ofthe eo Cri deity (1152). The Obpans and oe Christian Go alte reise to ae he agonizing dup of ie for tenses, Statue expan, whe cing bce Riding nl eoprtingCrusret ‘fom moras hey as ce divisoa an separation up Victor europe the words pas teed rough» pasintaly religous sensi, mst et ‘el ta gd, and the tanscendem Corian Gn omipteat, omniscient, Intbiingnyous eves whle ert 50 much aon oa erth—inrened {5 soon a pet aves who ia casing einer, wih enogh comes, noche, anda a oat oy ace" Swinbur'spowsfl and conzoversial Poems and Ballad (1866) opposes ‘ceiianty openly in ole that valores Yth Elen sand Pp ‘ies: in his indian review, Joan Morey memorably abled the poet “te ious reat of «pk of ay,” whch io sy the singer fe Bache ‘e Dimitn Myxer (9). Swarms pita chet pie ion Asie {Ceistanity and oppoes othe beauil Opis teehee dis of te (18m which a pag Raman lamenting the trumph of Christan comes "bedrails and he ple aden Mary (75-60) with be ‘ia and Beawitl Ofypians: ye acing that te Olympians were" 10 Totowa to bal” (8) te spear ae in the oo Proserpine, the compassionate, al-btfoeniess "Godless and maiden abd que” of eth Wh wat st dspace ndash overall ether gos (92). “ayn o Proserpine” ism he fit of many Its Vicor poems on the Agua Posie Psepbone (Lal, "Proserpiae” 31532, 36-40) Is the ont ofthe atypia topos, the mh of Pevepone as exraciary ‘esonane,fr ker mote an Ompan goes, turns aginsthe Onan when fer dap raped and ragged na he ero wit the cll of Za ‘nt nthe Homeric Hyna to Demeter, the goes her wrath wit “fromthe sey ofthe ods nd high Olympus (92). Swine and Tennyson both expand os her absence ting Deters withdrawal nto foal and Msteres " sistant efit beesk tread withthe Oban inSwinburne's"At less” the eos expan ta, on covering Zeus’ pil she "set hr] lips apist themes gl And dase the se rset inher” (12-3) Revaing Ssiathe male gos homowoeal conspiracy, Dene est 10 9 pois of {tater separates heute) Tom the Olypian ad avenge fos ‘She destoys the crops to starve the pod of te lenge Oia “hunt malo heen the ples and pe ste (121) The lesan ‘leat dsaonestin and ecomacon tars isle of disconnection oy. ‘Mach lat Teonaon in Demeter and. Pereqbone™ (1889) develops Sswntune’s oie of fda rather deren ect Ten anh Golden, cnt eC een Trortningerth a tate Theatr smitten ov Be {het ih caboas ardor SS had ares 0-109) “eamyson imbucs th an-Obympian oes wih visceral evulsion His Demeter iseve tay econied wi the Olypian: “Yet art Godden, ry at le ontet! With he, whol ar bight” (12-7), However, tbe Onis ay [Se repliced by more mecfl gd and Demers aw syapty with morals ‘sume agree uly of God and human, o be achieved through te ‘roluton of Catan. Swinbume tars the Mystere fo a mee rome oF “vou ety snd ie pereted—and permanently ended by death CAL sis 19-219); Teno ibe lar th Mysteries wi Chastain harveshynsembodying"The wasp hichisLove(146-) Inyingtoretars tote contr vison of mi-eatarymythograhy, however, Tennyson was ‘ain pings rxpsard ation was a Swinburmcan vision of dcomecton Tin woud intr the mythogaphy of Water Puer Te celal impute 0 ‘plosivelyarulited by Swinburne the celebration a he chon dees, the rept ofthe ances the eception a sex and violence a ena tne evelopment of elpon-meret aims the mow vlc Sos of Finds hogan. Fine Sice Mythography: The Tetamph othe Mysteries vey te ace ttn bt shid aoi ier, cick Gren oo sting nr ie Be Hao, Yor oe (192) 589 Byte mi-1870, iter the Greek Mystery seins a ace formidable reper, and iersingly the tose of tbogaphy on tis tpi Beams ‘Shnerlyhos oetodox Cray. Pom 1875 trough 1876, Waler Pate ‘radon a re of ese nd enn one gods the Mystics: "The Myth” Ponape Ries, 1860-1027 ‘of Demeter and Pencpbone," “A Sty of Din” and “The Bashaae of "urpdes" Afr pabaing the Sito promptly inte Fornighy Reve in 187, Pater itd seems opus ll een» sng solu a 1878 (Girt Stats 2). Wen Grok Sues appeared posure in 189, the ion of sve ete ces on Greek damn to a sone Sante the ‘Suga he essays onthe bone gods The original woupng estes bth {othe prevelant ofthe Mysteries a th cates! moment and tothe infene of Swinbure's sae, eetinking vison of Prose” For Pater, ions rd Peepone ar ah ich with "vk poster tonnes wih an skeet of snes” (4th ale of Persephone epecialy "es epe made by and for sero, wit, aaa peopl” and er nes “poe tak {he Romantic spit was ely wrk Inthe mands of Grech ass Dong enuyou of un (11). "Throughout The Myth of Dente and Persephone," Paterinvkes their ‘ents of mié Victorian mybopapy onl to nse thm. Cheon a aie fom he worship of atures “brooding eri.” capes adhe ses which isinotes te to tlre arias” (8). his rae fom he benign power cleat carer cats” Pateratacks he iw hat (Greek rt "deal exclasiey with oman ins permiting hing bitin Olympian, tough peas somewhat wearsome an (1st Opa ow ae ta ious “xed postions ofthe ancy, at simply bres The asinine no longer ute elk; two o hee pages evoking fhe eau and ecement ofthe Myst, Pat adr ait gn: Weave sen sth oes: nerd ow ty ee see owas mets my pa xen ow le te ming {hy my tae cen or we win fa en" Seaepy ‘Spemieeacigoucremimmsyinr aes pies ‘vial ongenmene oso ave dy ant Py i ‘Sean ant eye singing ave bee ie nursing te aad ‘snes oan worships the, he sl an afleing cement ‘eave neo maya own mr (18), We ae reminded, with old sey th individuals spon varios a his versity pelues ama union with ter nie id wah the oxo “Ou ens of Swinhe Pars “The MiG f Dara Penne Lani “rin 31030 sips. n Werder (1870, Pathan vig post santana ams wo elem of nen, eprcc (Gi oe nb can oe te one sinpy of ance [ad tion os] he sarc een of dolce hn wie ea (18 abv Dia and xfer he pers mn cay 120-21 For Wore yy ‘Sel tama ma os plese an 2 he tng ‘st ae mod 24-3) i eles Worsham as “ne” ‘ates tem mere anieing tae pop tt gant sn on), oa and Nes » tht i 0 mach pat of eae scoun ofthe Mystic. Paes emp ni pens snes he Werder spo 0 cera Spat. “spenence eay rede 1 a up of ingresion” Par ‘Teese year ery, "rnge od freak ee a by hr ck wall of JosaaiySeeugh uh nore cebu cverpeced yeah ind ees aan psoas own eam of word Renaance 1729-1862) Par {atthe eps fom gon lipo ny, pets lan ‘eshte ses te “outward sees” of he uly int wil epond t ‘Eisen the osmonia bt fra ente ewig” cna ‘ion dr wl bn he ommunin-dre so ah hing. The npc ‘Crt ely devouring Pa een sme th woof Persphone wih Chron wor. Willa Sher hs ped ou (15-10) Parcs hins tat ate Comment repos a Teo: OC emu ison of pn sd otal Gonscn nado, "Sven Conor arged ht Provo tothe yon Dm and rereqhos, we fi aos certo of progres bt # ee othe eae apn fy (3). Cay rend Pear Crus Mackay, Rsk, even Ninian i be uk by Pie's ron of tology. Hi toy Fein won appl pocaly rests “ean pve inptesions of he mln “efi fa sien ep pocs hes ke atria and handle wpe lteter ko vey ‘ne he mye ito treba ps" in wich he ees eset “moro ‘pra conn” (Gree Ses 9), Yer hs ret sem ely puri. “Te pone the poet andthe isopod eke th mt Pat puters popes moral cary. This mythnakins fr myhmaking ake, ‘Smpation raat ur fectng impress, he ero fel thom “00 is Shor yo fs an ss (ety Retnce 19), What there in hi pe ‘ns lg fr, ath roo ry ak cr nd ase 9 3 ‘npn “oo th ato of ol plas, ut aes ied Tigh ‘amuing voce" solensing power fr be elevation sd puting of ‘ursetncrs revlon of he ae “oie pty fal rege” (Geek ‘Stuer 15 Aires are vale fort aster fs, itis fet oy ys tla procs eo ese 3 plat fest For Pater igor ont uma: hy prone an sospere— Se nd nd iii ase sh day wanes ad he hil ste Dosa fon erate rig Col tec” fag ewer at ence! Ths ret anos of sae ne wees ey ‘fms at eric and cote clu! Rit Hom the 1805 othe The: Puc es sun that ooeston Sewer yr abt poy tht operates ‘Sgro in ach of rinse sey ming, ike Gres be sete ut mys, fit creme By 4 "poct gene” (Greek Ses 112, ae rend ad ‘madenring yt oes “Thaw wee my bichnever ene fm at st ‘Sap opps conception owe sb y soon competion, bras {oy ulad the sacred pss prope nd were over remodel re (G15 Whe more ce eis ey eu inil ery tetomi of ‘nasty ten othe rcs ic the group mind kes mh Pc es» Pope Ries, 18601927 este myth-wtng as pur of te og seams proces though which ban Mind cls aed expos comps te of many leveled ming My a ‘ial are complementary pars of is elon Pater’ emp on te gral ‘evelopment of myth and is eteacon witha ering ante ‘wag to comes the 18% and te cry emt cera atin the sven of vison to ve by, what fntion ean myth or myopic poetry can? Pate inset dere tar he wll prvi" mpreson of the myth ty sang Sch det fat “ay seem kl t ints real sock pected ‘mpesions(82). The ear becoe consumer of moth, not fyi, TE would seem hen, tht the Wordsworhan ton i mythography has ome dead end Ye Patri ony ying aways vison tt rable! Imovemens in ought tad ard bepun to dspace. In The Bi of Tragedy (1870-7), Fredrcn Niewsche provides te meat four fomalton of the tops that we have enced trough te sear, he opctan temeen Olypian Imjlogy and the Nystery religions. nfl, Neches ‘fom th Ewin Mysers tward the Myre of Dans, which giveth 'o Grecksmgey an, Nieasche ins othe ony te at For Niche, the ‘Olympian ce Aplloninn myths of Joyes, aul gods ae 2 shnng nay” ‘seated defend the Grete fom Beir mn vison of te word's aco GO) ‘Troogh thei exclorors of "he whole oarasos pat of batted Bt nome" (35), Dieysan lio snd ate ap he Oban ie “The musespresitingoverhsory ars poll belo ana whieh ‘old the wut and bok "ihe spel onion” (7). °A ploy of wi, ‘ake nate loks withthe bd countenance of tah yon the ting myth of ‘he Homeric write pale and wemble eee ing ve fh aes, ‘ul he mighty a of he Dinca fe th into i eve of new ‘vn (67- The tape wien of Donyie a ores to az a th horror ‘invita existece, yt wiau being ted tony he Von.” because ‘nites os rey withthe rial Being” (12-3) Lesa piosophical act an & tfapody, Nite’ sbok is designed sis autor wrt in 1686," eit lo ‘oylesand temp them no sera onto mysterous dancing grounds" A Chica! Board Gln) nits ray, inves read sae ie "ag vision andthe wid joy, then te ven he str dace ‘Cleary, hn, Sacoune abot mth iso anguran psec of ply ‘academic inert about bow 6 live and wheter ie is worth Uiving. AS Niche practns i its aKind of pty Moreover ts vison of sal th pits te Dionysc trie vison aginst Christuniy—inplcly i he original {ex very exp in is 1886 iaeoduto, "A Crt Backovard Glance wich dnigrtes Chistian fr isos, vind hate of "(10 Sach ‘Shuma esured hat Nictache's work waited or reviled even in Germany Fork ceoty; The Birth of Tragedy was nt ated ina English til 1903, YeeNiceache dre incced Bron yop at the tar of ect ae’ sombre vison, foased and ected hy the infact Smite ‘avert with lism encourages he decades ht Niche ‘Sta the mere epnning of wisdom indesiele myiogaphy ad Modest oa Mere a erature witty then ied fo move trough hips ta elation of lint pint ofthe Dionysian seri. ‘Nor wa ont a thse oly ical spheres that te valorization of tie Mystery religion prevalod ocr Homers thology. Late Vciorianeatare ‘Seay i tonncy i siping ples, rm he ne aro comic ope In art nsreasingly Dionysia reel proersed rai The maends off Cli 86; the Baceanter of esta Ra (189), Artur War 909), and ‘Ahir Hacker (1913); andthe fname ides puiting of cssally Greed or mide dances whiting in am estate Fingal hese popularized = feat veron of Grace than Wordsworth or Creter ever mined" The lian goddess sls appeared: DG. Rose company pad and ‘epinted Posepine tough the 180s and Water Crane in 1878, Arh Hacker {i 1889, and Frees Leghon i 1891 all memorably depicted Prsepbone (Keser 28-9,231, 160, Morsay in danas, be Crewerian WFC. Wigston argued tat Shakespere’s whole cmpus formed "a spanned td selEcotaid even connote withthe origin ad lai source ‘fe ran inh Mystere (x) On ferent eve, the Gibran Sulivan ‘peas nly encapsulated the prowing empha on he Myers ve he st thee dxaderof henner cent In Cibo and Saliva’ es coloration, Thespo The Gods Gown Old (1571), opr on Mou Oymps i wounded {oben be barely spears te nar sags, exepin requ (1) By he Inst ier and Saliva opera, The Grand De i896) it had tobe acknowledged tdtto revive the lsc memories of Aes De” woald vole Fs o> “ak” forth Visor tage ame, dancer "Dini or Bache Aad the Ditambi esl of hoe uecorour dns” (659), Forth ae Vitoria poplar sens, var nthe Opis ot ve the ty ites of less, bt the Dionysian revels that most vividly represented Greek ct and religion. ‘Mytiogaphy se tad become popular athe end ofthe cy. Frazer's ‘he Golden Boh st published in 189, seston hihlipted te conic “pest of peimive ria he year kings anion wah he podeses of at and ‘deh ze everes the Romans von of meena mytopghy. Thee ieindeodscominaty soe fit abe preset than Dut asad of wing reverence fr allow impasse espets none. His myhapoce rinives {Sot reapond ote etal wai with loving. imagine awe: rater, they Want {contol str, o gin ih rps oe sss bang, Gade and Mees tke erp fo this hunger: sesonding to Frazer, the Obwopian Demet is ‘nly & penoifeson ofthe ern (prs of he Corn #0, he Een es ‘Seren the origin nating ore than simple sie ceremonies desiaed 10 sake the farmer's Sls o nave with yellow coe” (Spr ft Cor I, {nd the Elina srt orignal in single harvest upper” Spits of See Keser 293,24, 535,28 Den 269-1 ts ln a hs period at ‘dre Dues Gt oui Ep 199 wy 190 a ean wat Se ‘rl he See of sty Gk ovement oe ei Ka 5)2 Pephoe Rs 140-1927 ‘he Comm 162) Sach "rs ceremonies” consis a Fazer’s view the cee nt ‘sence ofal iin andthe pods ar lite more than eeremonl punpc, "rans imovatio iso Feames whole tadon of conan apengephy ‘in ems of pimalametes abut fod ad ex. Ths approach coe a one ay ay, Niece’ Vso perepion ofthe Mystere a elaion ot elt Nietche ote highly spt cone ahi is aah be scheved only ty ist passing hough a rage ven Such scone oi Ex tacectncnal ve dita camo pe ty Frac suplies the missing conecive by offering vse prime Me ic “whit might e cle te wage yt" (Ackerman 68) emerges om ‘th most bic ees al anges. What Fre nts of couse plan ‘a eexonal dimension inpsmitive religion, A slghy oer Bgue be tt ‘enatemythographe in Brain aso cone hs omni, hoe te Haron, he ede f the Myth an Rta Schoo (¢ group aso ‘now the Cambridge Rial) was br a 180, or years ere Pes, ‘ut he most important work embed he bs ihts of Nc snd Foe ‘an oii and infuential syatesis” She wa fo te begun pf "gious and pfu un Civ infer appomhomyeh Scaggs 's"avilademenout impale. anpered tated by eons sh {deep inva dsastation with bmp lipo’ she referee oe nds,» Demeter, Dionysus the cose rosa thet nage de She “dere and say ceremonial of Olas res ipa 186201209, He rolcomena the Say of Get Relision (1903) and Thom (1912) provi Ist loge and sind atack onthe Olympeany in Bosh myer e ‘once ytheszing an ih supplementing ninth ety eet Like Crew Hanson es Olympian Wasp atl sage Grek ‘ion, sepia and moribund akeady in ery perfection (Potogens 13. Weship ofthe Oiyapan figs ily on et of wht Harsco, (dps 2. Vet “aeons lyme Gey apa ae "he sinus mins repose 1 he unown ay tks had proce an inal worse pimp thn te woe o Nae 4 impose enhinkble cai cess trues” 203), Aone {eae toad mntiism and pants ard 8 gion of fon aon motion, cata at Een “he Mariage andthe Bt mow te ace ‘hsh amin wih neh ol of al ya cero a se Na esc eect” (204, 205; Pregomcns 3) Haroon sues oni 3 ‘cen at itl Hao dC pie Nae’ i of Teel (re 10 Harton se of Neos ee om ot fray vet in ta glsnn Dco anos oh e Ferrers mcs taser san, 2 "Felson view att he iy Beg ee ova Themis (912) ne fin tor ct pint Cisne cr ar rc cat Psa ‘tare in oa and Mister 2» eaten ir Romans, hough he agnosis i te Victorian, Rema, agin, {shee view ofthe Obmpians ail prt of sophisti cy. Se Ses them projection ofthe developed aman psyche an afore y ‘nave Spartans. The goss there are allel from he prime roup mind in ts cestay of conection Them 76). Above al (as Wordsworth Fa protested fog bets), the Oman are shape, "sine, eine” Alpha 28) Thar very defntenesdicanects thon fom wat ral ve: he ial ety pervaling he hums and nat word. The slewrot a depart {ef Tomei theology "ly no cui to be All eA ao are ey i ny ‘Geo owes i Pome 6), On he cn arian Pointe tin Themis the Olympians repent ction of elem, [Tie separated they ae om plan nina fom he morph i ‘ky, and or morality (Thom 47 480-51, 4535, 468)" "ete arson ces nd bls on Sach oct a Aral and Swinburne, In ‘words to which Swnburs might hap have subsrbed, Haroon dele ‘The cowing Saiyan cane. at te Olypian ob mari {Thu wich i an eiy~Chge sod Monee the Opa ‘omer Tope wth compo dl roe rly ‘rere apt esr tn ufos pnd nn ee at pied ema 8) [As inthe poetry of Hao and Swinburne th atack on the Oban npicy Incds 2 ta tans ofthe tascendentChriian Godot ny Sly ‘who “withdaws hinself fom man and ves remo, jelous gd" (65) arson can ence oly a yaumic diy,» go of this mol: “The mystery fds a ek nop i fovely uma shapes, bt ey ar espe arly Fel hey si abd eamge” (205, She ser a esti atthe gs ie yn seeps ley oe st Sta aan tees cs an es SSDS Tee wile nen ae ‘Sor etn cy hy te ee Se SSeS hee ent ot ett SU catae tne aman cub aceon ar eB) fie naa me pcr oa Soe epee eeatesea seers Hove be cde ot Ths eee cap fer tse es Soi ae the Vie In hee Mbtholony, the section on ema fae tow a ay aa Se pt SiS Sa Sate ee ame se ee Seta eee asaen Seat ae arenes SET ieee i he ca NE ea Prats” Pevephon Roxs, 1960-1927 reborn, sa de agin; he vn an ony be tly apprcheated aa yep ‘The alawly growing immaneatsn that we have ced dewgh the entay stay exp ‘Throupout this peri, we have stent the Mysteries are on se to ‘epost what the athe thinks sein ought 1 be, ad the Olan gd ‘ow what tought oe; bl thee! felon vari and tea et thehinting of econ. Warburton an Faber sparta mea et {be disney Otympian mugs, peering the teeth van soppy fered by the Mystics. For sch Romantics at Wendwofh and Case te (ympians are disconnected, stati roduc of facy the Myer fe bys ue imapinatve reverence hat ues celts wih one ale a at the infinite inte. Eran High Vicoranmythogrptes and poe shoo ‘much of he Rema approche iafie tacos of mh a a ith sae oe sharp sensibly to si, an age at ny cy ho eight tse psn nd death oe inert or mms tok AS hs sei od ser ae slowly tuned ugin Caristaniy tut, the Olympia ae wkd {or ei sepaaenes from ara, hela of sympa alin and ha ‘naifrence or ruc, while the Mysees are creasingly cen expen of human anguish, hunger, or dite reveltons of the sacl within eso, ‘ood, and eat ec of matali Inthe ed. eny tne po ae ue; he imperil go ar dee Tos history of ninetenthcetay mytogrphy bas oer been represented ‘simplinially a a couterregious scant, « progres towards pees ntsc comes. I has hea si, or nn, hte Vicar aed Imtboerapy “above the polemical ee! tht bad chartered previous sec (Cou gol of which had been o dont ua pap ny ven ‘of Christianity, or vice vera)" Hol 57). Aleratty thas eon seed ‘tat myth i the Victron age was roel of “inch of it etna me oft dan, and many of te deep coaestons with whnt Mee cles the “underforings of the mind™ (Feldman tt Rchadoon 301) Yet cose tamination ofthe intents ery scholarship ert ot aber {te cretion of ew ates omyth shows tat dep liius nputeaned ‘och ofthe work. The spray hat ome ne Vin migra sad Iotlopei ot in paral was lng unesognied sch however heaps icsiply was not Crt. This chapter cronies century al mae of ert ‘by mythopuaters and pos, antrpologiss an cary elt ese ios anguished and pusorte deste tht ated the shit fen vaso ary of Christy oa fr rete pial vey Chapter 1 ‘A Myth Appropriated: Greek Persephone to Romantic Proserpine science ten serv agra momar erate ns Sa fp heen arate ee ioariee be ceahers Serine nem sear tease Eoliconieeneemnenteer eeecemt a Sophie renee lea dec te wacom ay strated ma tinurotetcamscaee Simcieceminyameneas SiLtieepebinicenesmeete open SS comianeegratnentinte feeder vis agra eons ee erent tenia reer Seni Sear cee ecomenecremaa ite Soest Sa ee Ei meat outorncee itoeaticrtenenetee same Sach aectemaeonemt het ‘ips th ale of Posehone was sppopiate by Chests, 2 it was ao ayo fom enone ay sane tee menageen crmiah septa oe choagr draswscceueea Silence iets tinh oaanenl saya acinar teers Seen elena cee Eeeieereemretan perenne Saaheeecegeaaraes sehieviercacie eneeenems cacao at aerFa Poepone Rs, 18601927 era or complied by the urgency of relia debate inte inten ‘zu (Ony in the te eric cer, withthe fish psu of feminn inthe 1970, he ule of Persephone predominantly med to crpres women's experiences in contemporary poss, novel an miked-gne ex beyond the ‘oui of tis book) “Anew meson ofthe mys rejovenationenersin he ate Romanticism of se American tanseendvia movemet, when Marae Fuller en e=bioh ‘he gure of Pepione aan ny of nepenersgietcn he ecbadinet ‘of human's elo evolution This prepa of te Rot 8 amie fini the Leyote tt ence tk, conn sind even th rset {ay The deity who embodies tne and change, no he dey to whom se ‘bjt sem ma sting to ment modem pots ‘Women’s Distress, Women’s Per: Claes! Themes ‘They of Fesphone is known rin tough ese Te Homeric Hymn to Demeter Ovid's Metamorphrer and. Pat, Clasin's De rapt Proerpinae—hse ae the best Enown cassia sources a dss 8 et it woul ofcourse be misleading ply tt tee a sngle cet Yrson ‘fom which al ter devin fo example, alcool and wien evkease indetee tat the myth so ies of Dems Peesphone waned om sine {abr There was an Elearis in Alexia well a the less aa Alben {ith which Wester eles ar st aie en a the Alexandrian Mtr, 1 ane or ere dma” war promo the, according to Carl Ke ws ‘quit dire om the religio epiphany of te Ate Mtr (Keres 119) However, my focus ion tert ofthe ast wo centr, whic das more ‘iy on csi Inte tuto scacelony so, incu he Clie myth opened to moder evisonr of [gee refr to the tl it ‘esetedmthe Home Hyon, Ovid abd Caan the versions hat ave eon ‘ost intact ofr Even hve ace fers “The Homeric Hymn Demet was nto fe West 177, when ieeth- eat copy wa ound a Moscow tbe (Ricaron 65-6) This sono ‘vk (emer n a, notin authorship) appec to ttothe sth seventh Ccrry BCE— the beponng of the cineca em in Asie! Gree. Perapone, fathering ower reaches otto size pray turvelous maltoweed Scisus and ssc a by Hades: Demeter teaching fr her dap, ers om ish san god what has cured ad thn nage nse ‘ete the land arming no ving ting to grow and refsing fo conse ith the gd -Never, se sig woud she mount po fagrant/ Ops nor tee ‘he Sod fom te earth wal sbe sa with har ye hero ffeil” (331-3) "Demeter determines cont oes the ode to ie wy, at Hades has sere omplled Peano slow the prmegne ser tnd she "Taetamerctymnte Dentro nda Helo Fey A iene voaiswert ee by inane AN ppp » aur ach winter tthe under In he meantime, Penepone enone {Tovoar and tener enon with her moter who permis he Heo come 0 Teagan and teaches us sce mts, by whch we, ke Pepa, ope fora kind of re or immortlty. ’as the Homeric Hymn elt le, Dente is tbe heoie Her ardent and ender ques fore dnote er srg pret er aura er aslo “Tiptemas fom Get her rage, whch Gal fees the le Opps {edt berths are te ma fetes of be sry. Persons i sta ‘het gl eaching other hands to gter a ower hat seems the very essence of ‘Soom termi te mutton om of cst (12) she von he point ‘tse! matron bu She iso Tet sex has ss ent side a he ‘ecomesvameble io saul predation. The cru of bait Has, who tho fe uncles supported byte collin hr fate Zum who is exoying ‘hoi oferings even si nitriles in oly 29,7780). “Te bali of th male gos sonra with he ender snneton betwee ‘he vine other apd date Drage 0 by Hades ntl se ost sig Of te $n Penepboe “tl oped ows herder mother’s the Underverse hy" tthe usbd Beside he and "tng relactan hough dei er bee the when she eu tthe and Demeter ak wy it each thes me 05-5, 34-4, 38S 9) “Thea og. te ind a they Sad ‘Soci yo ip ond Sty a eee beter (47) [As Helene Foley fat argued, Persephone’ mariage inthe Hymn a deceive {ue ick foisted violence onan le mote daughter elation and ‘Dems’ trump if undo sone of he danageamalearanged arias bas {one he eatoeship wth dngher (Foley TO, 1). He fro esotion ‘ewe us fhe earth ores 22 fo require Pssephones eu Fm ‘he underwol and onl pice of cane whe pomepant sects prevents ‘heaters vty fo beg ttl: Te yn oo only eae eae rage ‘od ama iar a potent and viviing ems tio eves aug ‘Homatecxloat of onal sexuality an le darn of fsbo ewes ‘ober nd dnighter Furr he Hy ra repos exltion of det, os, {te samp ove deat and loa clio vison expesid in teas fel experince. Tis sre oom ens by pasing Demeter aly Mystery ‘which sures us arent ou ure fer death 80-8). “Tieng oft pe eo by he eos in ia ately (aod geal Malena ry of marge by cape) oan i per Fo ‘St dn Bt hme hp nl ein conkers ‘dtm ne Foley 5-10 fr eg at pan ym commen cal her thn lf to se er eo Eien ean gen Ree cm hone er myPrepon: Rs, 1860-1927 Dy coast, Ovid's Metmorphocs, effectively complete by 8 CE inthe ery years of he Roms Emp, lof od at spy ofrevereone (Devens {i ety 1) Here thea of Ceres and Presepina pes he wining pam in competion between the Mie Clone ae uptat dsat ‘shsequny repo to Minerva te ners of aon diac heer fs ‘thesia encourage usto perce ar swore aso reveaon of spiral uh The characters to, re Giminhed in str, han td table tsed of reaching ot fe the Blossom of ses sty Prose ‘fing any flower she can ech“ bsks di tos of er ge ith “chllke cages” (137). Ovid evade any saggeson of ono ‘eu dsr on Proverpim's par. Prsrin calla her mote en ope bet owes, “and she was vo young and inno tex is le seased be es date” (137) the yep Cyne wes or Pls way, bot Plo Angst ‘ep led of Cys sn an adore per an jet-—ths is clay symbole rape Cyane weeps ns uno sept tl se dsoves vay etl These dens In Over ups he os et sat ‘of plete that omen safer the ef pe ‘Simla. Ovid presets Care quest ts t sare of epsdes tha broaden ‘he spe ofthe myth in everyany terms and ake spel fo al en iach. The nrphs Canad Aretha, whonexpeences parla dite ‘sys those of Prosspig, sow tht Peers eflering epee Womens [ie Cees al as eres of conFortstons with hw males an let ‘novo she tars ino iar Asclphas wo teas heft hat Proein Ins exten he sed pit insl, who ls Corsa the pen ato one (no hoc ori ft, erm amore a at povided i 9 Isao of high stan (274) These encounters fr opps at m9 shout wome's dss ia a mate dominsed wold However Ovid enproses het the Hymn evoles ove a wrong ore by he pode ands Ceres and Persephone hae fares power to frat le dominnes or support ‘eater. Ceres her sme 1 beg Jove fly ae cope! No ‘inte Hymn: she isa fig nei rae tt of pote age Ovi mee ‘ft of mate suremacy bat ake care ato nace Sill mare deeply patil in hoot and fing i Cau’ De rapt Prorerpinas 40 ce. This incomplete bt cba pets takes aloo fares Ceres’ quest for Prose Aloo slings of othe and Sages sc deineted andthe sls disrerines f Plo i ot apr ction {© give Posie to luo is depicted ma stesmalite mse to cash ‘ord The pes’ suferig makes pol th tforaton an coche wo wor iis therfore in Clan view fly ested. A stomp seca of misogyny runs throug the poem. Cees equ bed for eng Proserpine alone: repent sel ht yung wien soul sty wii he 2 Hind os ae at vid ed th Homes 4 ou ris vs of Semen) +" Fort pds ote meking oy nd of saps ASI, 8-9, A Mh opr » tous ner: es hang ne san) tcl fre dc snd wen ag Poss tt fa tng {Grim sane pntion Though Dat Pal yf pes Poe fn Pi, per eto ent erases el ee concer ta Care when she sein or nhc Pen, Csr aga Incr The is ey move a io mula tact rete ps ‘emai append, bower, at vers inc ae ee sigidany, Claas Pepe ai nex tte ecm ‘Shs ber Dom te howe, Pscpe le wong en as stuihg posto ealovrocing cen snivene Open deme woe Fer er meet ne unrwon any eue ape ad ia ‘eto ole m amp ty” S151) bt ho ener Sor {agua oom be beman vor “Desh op spree Fee ‘om cnn bly Cl re Fre fon pages of tsi are wheter Noa bat Te Vopr bough 59-39) Clann Fess cabot ancouate conn t mats i te mnie ese bn hr cr coumeprs nce ad ene nega Sree gett ns Nato ‘pn nC psec sy scars “On sod Claas soar roan sew iefene the Wes sndersaning of Creed roe hgh he Mile gs a ove Suerte nid ean gt Rowdee a rr {Erte emt in uf Apo (459, sland hoo ay. ‘throw te a oft Hct Myst hfe gs ios ‘apretin he iy sed el in ie Cran ab prop an ‘Cisne ipa ms wae ne eon) we wy Selene at ‘hough he lyric by Dems ba mira apne ‘ent om dn -hppns bee and er Ces 3) Pe ‘bt Sopuis ner te Mystes rings eng ser ea" er Lah, epost 87) Cee entree, aches be ight ‘porate othe nc nek Ess a ona "We bv te eh ‘Tuo ew sl ne ny ht ao ew eter ope (Deter Anal went Creer eo ssh Se erm Be 26 CE, posal in Ge Seed at het This ign hepene in Lear Diggs 1617 sion of De rape Prep gh wc aru cers "eng wil esa, to inne) Reson red (120) Digger tone te she wre bn ended with mas pepe ewiimigh Proven | Pk hm a ne, ey pak sod be ne "orate ol ner Nan etle aw) Wi Are (2 9 89) “hs tel tetres a dm, hess on aes ha bes iy and he Pert hoc rs foe eects es on ase tates pan Kee 1.0 Peep iy, 1960-1927 ‘wold make the io he Grek wna, they wee present fr rpely ‘shering te mos weed Mysteris,lch hol he nc hana race ter nth erp was persuade lowe es cote (Rees 13) “Herself arr Flow’: Prserpins in Engl Literature before 1800 ry dre eee nn eo. The Senta weet lence mame Sheps Te Wir Tale Wn 8. 4-6 lnc. by the Mile Ages, the Mystere” promise of imo had ‘mould ino the Car's romeo eden led nora, and Pesephonchd comet epesea hol recipe ye Somewhat oneal, fom he tegming ofthe rent cetary on troup te Reman ew in wich the very scar Ovi was rend as hel inoenced by nomen ‘mori and alors agains, mvt neahy the noma Ove moral noe Ons oraz of Petre Bschors Inte Ode mora “Ceres looting fr Proserpine Church seeking to rcter the souls of ie ft who hve stayed fom the Fl Her to thes ar the Ol apd New “Tesaments the hid wh sats er nw she forms id ‘Syasgopse (Sezce 93). Interpretations hte tht ware 30 wideapead at fey sffeed even the Qurca drama of sevensicenary Pea Linares ay £l rapt te Perna y el sche Edin dense a ey sci igiicance was reso the myth bt eas pei lerance to women's nes ws efectivly eased. Moror ons tought ine contort with th Gomis thology he meh became her pon Cran fe ‘rt wrt ofesumeton oud id plenty or mae nthe Crean yon, {in Parade Ls as we salle, ohn Milt tees the eof Proserya o caf anloy snot suprising. therfore, hata Eaglsh trate bere ‘the Romance, arly any major text fu erly onthe Kore Yet this gasses spear riety Jet memorably ns fow wrk of reat impocane by Chane, Shakespeare and Mito, thee work ofa rg a adigs fr inert the mh and eet eas sae ot space or women wile als developing same fesh perspectives. The tale ay Be scan ‘a prophetic airmsion af Cesian dotnet sardonic inaton fe relatos iment nex, othe growth of eal power it seat {nd senowlege, Pia’ alurion wo Proerpin’y Dawes a Shakers he Winter Tae also oes ws a mode of te lingute imagination» wok, ‘seviving and econnecting gered word ‘Theappeoch af Gotey Chaucer in The Merchant Tale (composed 1595) ‘seseninly Ova urtme,hemanzingslfconarosly hetvesaoalealy ‘ype to women's plight, and Yet unwling fo moun» pros shatlenge "Feral scan hi rma woe se ye AN rpg a” to the seacares of male poner, Chasers Posy the Wile of Bah thinly spied as qben of Faery. Ax soon ar Plt and Prompt spp Sima’ pen, Chacer rons ws at Po bad tye” Pry ‘tile sh was tring Nowe nti sein everson, theo ow ‘gure! spetealy over Judeo-Christian anemia sn the wos as Sis pret mariogs Pa send rere May's pun ocho bet ‘pout, Januari Provera wife, pte May a pune! ying te fate wife "ARG tle womane fr rN sae” [E267) the apace ‘eit agnious excuses Women, Pree promises, wll vay be tle to Protec themes by area woe of langage, Mace, when Pio dawson Somon and ther bibl sores for agents tat wien ae ety ‘1 Prscpynshwsr own veal ails witha vigor a hominey guest ‘Sein Solomon” Novag could show more sles how irvine the hl {ht Chrisian heritage a come than the spectacle fhe casa Gees ‘dying serra tex, eh ery hiro te, hint power sage eben male nd ‘al eft ice on eer sex ad pene teens an ata ‘ers ely sathy conn bued a he ged, et and ack of Semple on bth sues bacon puny evident Ar in Ovid, howeve, ale Supremacy rein an acknowiig fc By dtrmined eee o tpi brine igs May ad Prourpymncarveot soesal plas or it selseion, yet each emits nd be vay ofan undeied pre, na at thang clon ad este "itl mae thn scenery Ir, an etily dient ate sounded in Witla Shakespear's The Winer Tae 1610-1) Ped’ nos vation toProserpin a onc noc aya and charged Wid sex pasion, ee pote ion of es nd operon Petia, Oey Fert ows mw, he ue ‘atcone etre ao ie ne ‘ewe Mah ny Datorenetn hare oe Ory enh pine ‘fete mmr yen cl ‘sce omy cup od (Mo's ego) Oe ak, ‘Tormey psn oc ay ove He Pons "Mat eso 5 EARS 50 seep 230,267 "Fora amiss ances ech se Has2 Ponape is, 8601927 Per Nis an fron te ae: ‘erie acne oe ere Baga andy am (eT In thir pasage,Prosepnn is ssid with ot lovelies of springing ‘Nos, scresed i Peri’ language. The fowersProsspin lt all when Dis cared her of embod th omer ofr inmacence. These mip ve Feclade'sdevstpee ilove tht would not bave been woule By seal ‘oes, lesen ape. The uae of the gia ore ose a Penta might ave nade he afi ege ding the vile ble ‘mecnoa he primes dle vues tthe oal othe is, ‘be crown impr and the fower-dece, Pedi obed "most goddes e™ {GV 10) lovingly ioveke nd ron tow purities, uggeing «fale Subjectvityin growth beyond the sudo of male power adap. Yt Prosrina srs cae off fy Ds Peds own lave shadowed by the al power of et Teves abet ho spying on indus; Pea doesnot know her Own ‘oy ore ety, as othe cela oa athe ad te Dome she ‘ie evokes are uavaable Is tone in the er fr adi Present, here eps sociated witharange ost posiliis, Artesume ine we arealso ended thal ese possible ny bereaved love destojed ay te equicened Resection the dia mi in est ‘wo ate of this, nd Pedi here ce peo the pote olds of "gen fig ia feriy ital -Metiks playa ave sen fem doin ‘Whim pastors” she marl (Vs 13-4} Ie noteworthy to hat ough Pend ima ctosred wih he oon of decking her maelovr with ise ‘pring ower se onp also aor er lol ends wit nares {UVL112"6) Heong en dette sinaltapeusy nd with eq ewe, Ino heteroseval prion and same et fendi he ue lima fhe pl either ber uo with Flori bo ber reconnection wither father, bt te er ‘Rime wid her unherwhor the uence ba hoght and who coer {of tee te ounce’ eyes Byte end fhe ly lesions between be exer arrested ll secrets evel nal happy pies revved Resurrection, ei. an purty the enon of Spe and moth: and te rohota ema poertosexiity andl now lage the er Shakspere ‘sites wih Poserpim are those tat he potty ad tion ofthe nine and teenth cet predansarty explore Maso. Shaker hee clas ‘roa ferns fara shows ws artsy ing ceao-~ineoes Perdis ‘Morea inthe robe ht makes er “godewie™ (1V 10) ad be expose to Whim pastas May Day fev are experienes ofa hat strate et ‘um arta eabig Hero tatcend her sal dey to rein er wn ate fly and so doing to hth ot unconcouy he cena myth ft ay. "eh Bem spe by sven tics the le ay is frm y he ‘Posi ye apis, Ws tthe lo meter, doe Hee ‘eur! among Hee Pea Palin Wing wep he Coen oe assem Ait ropes s So pecs and wove of the isteach centuries wil aso we he {alzof Proserpine Posepooe, explore th nature, powers nd Hina of {beimtimalang magna nd of myth tel ‘Sukcper re spot aso Proserpinas experience rhe tha ‘on br tubers (Perd's rater Hemione ao a Pros Hur rahe than questing Cees) Here, to, Shakespeare aon acted {Muench poy of he ation and venice. ohn Mion, ty comas mye en coarsely etring the cea of Cees, be ‘rst atts of Posse owere pes, andthe Cristi ton (tte Onde mora imi fmoa allusion othe myth in Parade Lat (167, Tote pees a te onions omen when Sans viewing Een and Adam ind Eve at abut tomate her space nothing con match Edens lovelies, ut i il (Eos where Psp ig Bs ett low yn Da ‘Morpeth cot Co a pn Tovsetberesgh be wed 28873) “Thealision to Proserpine evidences Ev’ fil tenth poe — ‘Shan ihe ghomy Ba (Po), wil exer the Tai eh” and ake oe se Soi spy ade ovng iy wil "vou he wot ee he. ‘Giutsimaraon an Pasion, Mion sa any Sued in Cee oe, ‘Se party inte aging mony of “al at pin: ‘From our enage jo ihe ef ery, we an Stat Mion va fghng erg’ actin Te morse, Cisne Ovid would bay Sveti tot. up soni Teno a oc Dee ou Pesepone” (199), full Sepera stem 1 rexire in ‘th tse fie yt Te oral Onde lng hs cite en pee ‘Ponape rapper n Roma etre, at we Sl se, So des th Ovi I Mito age ofa meer cueing pany for ber st chil Bat the ‘Sputcance ote fires was te osc aed in wey tha eer Ovid Mite co wellave cone. [Nature's Chil: Proserpine in Romanti Poetry (On he tr site ae es, lid wit he th an ing nr dk ‘Recs ee de] hen bt a eee ty ‘Gb Dt Coe par bthf sing fing NEE “50 Ny Hoary of te ara of tit Gree 8) (Peldmar nd iar 4-5 ep Ne) ‘The myth of Pesehne ght expecially commend itself to Rome poets ‘feral is gules pint sean a child wandsng ina testi macral iandscape Gf me vw Dessert car godess, Persephone bis the“ Pern Rie 1850-1927 fil of mate). An act of oppression by 2 friable tana) vers the ‘Sid tom mata ate, bt the rlanship i ered by mae’ power Surely ths quintesenaly Romane pla “Thin Tc te treatin tat evlos in he ew English Romani texts at adres the myth fly Abo lfsing these texte 2 Shape rosa forthe fos possible of Poser’ loveliness. neeoee, ad enmunion with nar! energies an 8 Shkespetcanconicion ta what Sto yb ean gente Wesel emir a Th er afer toe tan a cena of lve, eure othe sapere inthe late igen cea: at is append in akngly revs ean sch a eam Man’ Ze Shri a) Da Os Fri can Pera (175), both of whch cat he tba of Shakespene play td Se iegened te iporance of Porta" Only inthe cee cery dd ‘Shakespear's verso the ply respire the agen clear nea he ‘hes lose plas on Proserpine tat spear in fhe Romain. Timyalioe spite hat the poet ances Mary Day Robison, plying Perian 1779, raced the tention ofthe Prine of Wale sa bec is et (Gertie abandons yar te) sus poe hat he ld sca of "Pedi" Robson ay cont the woul exaled poroac taken In Rape of Proserpine, pabsbed by “Bary Coma” (Ban Waller Price) i TREN, This wero forse on Posies eval prow and hr sant fection he sedustons of des, rescaled asa sinister Boronic. The ait interest of he ply is inh dynamic between hese wo; Hades ial) te to seduce Proserpine, who stogly tated woh: at when she tle er wm, esi etaes et by fre Here Proserpine, ke Shakespere's Poi ape ‘womans by 2 etl ery sensual” Her opening speck, ase ges ‘ower to her dverse nymphs sig infuenced by The Winter’ Tale © Th iy ws at prema al Boe 1634 17 00 hing of | ain nd eso eur Stakerpar' ene Babes 38, Boh ‘pad Grek peeve Peacoat souph ike ‘at aan Posen ol rn eros ren 0 ey ng ‘Bersnmee of P's gente dace Sr Moran 1nd Gare 2 "Thee specs Pei’ chanci wee cated ey Gack’ snc asa ea nse "Te bps ee ‘hele nde. Wanton tne ve eve oss ‘tame el esta ned as) be snes S ham {edn we sport snd wep Aad fea dese md nya 235) Sims yu ster race abd Th Rae of Pr ak {miying Pein voc to Prop, ones at Pea cl ev din ating he oboe nie un pra of ita wee es en a ie a Cones’ tes ing the to ope fs’ Snes os ‘Ran eed ne Banos tn ly Peps "Cowal 13-2 The Winer ec habe pees Coen Gk in 1818 ‘yar Proce is lsd Rape of Prine aan) AN opps % In the same yea, Mary Shel compose averse play, Proserpine pushed in manna, The Winer Wreath, for (832) at ke The Wier Tle, emphasizes the themes of uration an the mio fers dager iis posible to tn Shelley was ineneed eect 0 the Homeric Hye to Demet, ‘ich dy th ne appeared several eon and ben rad ice Engi In Macy Stlley's Prose, for the fst ine since he Hy, we eat se’ rge and eon gat theme power hat hve erased he of ‘Strchil (2 6)"The whol et nfs wth he importance of» poecive nd mrtg materia Proserpine pes the play with heey "Dear Moti Temes nt" (3) and Ceres, ang her arose sence comms be hid fore care of eo sarope mother, te aymps Ino and Eune Inthe ee of Posen’ disappearance, Mary Shelly ascomplises whit noon ee was 12 iheveor even amp unt any Kueh’ Persephone (986) she presets {tothe yh elicaly aan cont ofthe emote! amie tn eton (then a id anise, Te unconscious Ino eum othe sen ling egy {b's Prope who o Tons hers he, rapid sequence, come Sues, eldement ani, flbehopes sickening dsappoitnet, er oe renin fers ae and teehee basty passage fom angio wil pero (05.25) Ti dynamic reenact ll oo on whenever acids ‘When Prope sere dd proved fo ave etn the pemepraat sed, Jove ones at he young godesr mt never tcend pin, bu Ces eis be ‘vine yet nol por Jove” else auger, “hal er heen chy ‘Mater lasping aoe (378) At at Ceres sens ogo down in el with er duper sofa he Earth shall oe pod fi” an Promies Stropate moter also apy promis f in thet elved cis el, ain ‘heunderworld ito sew Ena (38-9) Theresleton forces veto tang is, Prowse’ ite vided between bel and eat Pose rela thie the thang of the ove bwcen moter and dager: Simons opt me sl nel nah ‘Sone nent shal companies, Se dv wet eee) ‘Asem tio te yy, wih wit her Homeric es, spear wee Tad 17 wo Engh tars fe, sed oo et in tick mt 21s a mga In TBO. iar 8) Sco ‘andi nel ners nthe Hom ys anand eet hen ao) ‘ci I no Sly ho a atin tot ean oy Gren [Ron (kienls) sie ine Hymn t Demeter ee ro ati ot ‘alah eat or wh he stance bern onthe pon uo ca ep 2 py Jl HOD Mary Salley Ba ot fra ron hin an he cies fe See heal wert low as Cle Toman ha poe oo wnx Pope Rs, 160-1827 Natu’ il cme be wholly alee fom nature etd at’ world of fel, batt sy tis alone woud be to provide ene naa seas ‘of Mary Shelly's ply, which celebrates the very buman bod fewer se nd daughter. Petey Bysshe Stel cocinbuted ta his wifes lot trans ts Ips, "Aretha (aisha i 182) and Song of Preepse bis ‘2 independent en 1839. the ater of whch does hi he Toro te buna ens of Cres and Proserpine tote grater atom eto ay aman ad he tal wor the "Sure Godden, Motber Ey ned breathe vine tence on er clé (Prsepine 18) snr pit parades Autrey de Wee's asus, The Search afr Pricrpine (I883) which Byte hts» Visor text ut by the sl te Romantic one lade on St {se The Seach afer Powrpine a a gos on Wordwors stent in De Excursion tht th clas ees were ceed bythe human tasation oe of bseratons natura” (708; de Vere spends nos his cet pay evoking ‘eal Grek ences populated by spt seem fo eby tp of ata mo In this elon, evishly embellished per asin Mary Shelly's Prose ‘he emphasis ion anus kind of Romantic quest Crs acs wg

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” Ferman’ ew fhm Winther Cin vison ot an” Perephone Rt 180-1927 idee of Crs an Proserpine with mtr nd esrb ath as apects ‘ofthe sme cosmic energy “Perens was the hidden ee, te Vestal Be, hing the universe. Cores was the prodctve fal, etry bouts, ‘Tey nee to phases of one ing” (160, 189). Persephone now becomes pat of «grand Trascndeals pencil informing and simaing the aia wer" ‘Nothing sold be mach farther fem Hanorn diminished ison of" He Biltorun up tas and down ler’ instence oo a grand, adult Pesepooe anicpas the seange sheraion that comes oer pot reins of te mth fom abs 1840 on. She ‘bsered tht the myth of Persepione “seems 0 mak the rors of « people fom an vans o a concious te ht rom primi simply sl “varens) Perepone’s penal eile shows the impos of reaming Sn wconsiumess fom which we hve ben once aroused, the need ough saving once fe be niece ofthe Sesns, ore to el” (Healey Dal 4-2)" fares Clare, another parc inthe conversa, cabot “Persephone wat the see ubich mus rtm o earth Before Held fact. ‘Thougtomst eee ino tselfbeforeicanbe egret” Full ied stent, “nore epeil a inte story ofthe Ges entng the megan whose ced nget in getting. wich door er he eal of Plat” (Healey Dall) Sach comment show tow Fulloran her ead ecivd this godes ss embodying the development frm cldood to adulioe, om wiki Plysiliy wo hughes, bth within an individ an within «cet ‘oe Romani cilé wows up. “Ae spl evel ths representa pound shi nthe foes of the myth from he penpetve of Denar (Joint in ses very version up 1840) to that of the daugheePonepoe: we ae dealing tow wit 2 ef passage fom innocence to experience On the tet band te convertion ao sis be ‘eps rm Worswortuan ae tonarthe condion othe lec Furth, Ful and ber ens make his my le of he ard processes fhe oye adhe rpc development of the group mind. Inet, the sory of Pessphone ecomer ae aoat how th man mind evolves would ake aly oe mire Sept tum te sory it my shout my lumina the operons of he ‘myhaking nd pot ination” ia Fillo, wh dnd Cree Syl and bole (Caper 3009 te induc in npn myst ong wos Meme Bene of ek povacam "2 spotters dingctig ters Dome andPenephane (oss, heh ews he mt ef eames despa cn, esate Pela hepa mavens spr in, hve ad 99 ic tt alr a od Pri tng Cape pes hr al ae Wik ‘iran trom atts). wi fig cen wn br Kae sn yes 0) AM droped » Faller hs rs the soy of Persephone, who the Ova, Mito, nd Romane adion tad hither Been prayed as» bps cl, potsyng erat paradigm of nelle! maason. fm The Winer Tale Peta ast ‘eon to mre serial nd though she brave and arcu, her sens {hint mataton ely cpt the endo the ply In Romane ‘pv tun Proverpine' sex atraton aly nee ven a Procter, od [the anes tecomes a type ofthe Romantic il she rcs i ating © reuse ower and sate By viewing Penephone' oy a= te of PS Fm iooeeoe to experience, frm unconscious to concious, Fuller ‘Sous «possi fat erm the wletaon going father a the Hymn to Demeter tei nd gne The Hn oes ot ask what Pesephone might have lend fom er exerci th underwoal, hw She might have change in peronaity or undestunding oa het retro i Through the te nntesth ena, howevs hi Boome one of he ox presng es im the sudden ‘rosin putty on Perephone’s ate an nian "The conputvely dy theme atin in thi chapter was, of couse, lava to mos people athe midntecath centr. To consider the eeption th reing of the Romantic texts on Proserpine sto sea ons how maralzed stomen's vist remained PB, Sheley ic aoe fo bi wife's mange Crear indepen in is varios collected wora Procter and de Vere Bad ‘Tete, purr among the Pre-Raphaelite cle Swinbure thought ‘rll enngh of Procter elegie Bim ("a Memcy of Bary Comal 187 Ur You's Stach afer Proserpine setanly laflaced Richard Watson Dixons “Sroscpine” and DG. Rove sonnet “Poni” (wtih fit appeared 09 ‘spitting Proven nthe 187s)" Meal Mary Shelley's more rica trement of th mth published onlin ephemeral orm ering he time did ‘et apps anit fo 90 yours thi ay thas seacly eee ay ‘Saute. As fr Fuller the infuene of ber Conversions is ical © ‘Sse, parla in Brain ‘Yeu the mshi of te Homeric Hyman had begun to gener 9 tech sence of he trary polis of the mh bythe mi-inceth ery. The Geman mytograptes were aging Whee the Hyon was song 8 pa othe "linia ta Crewe al suggested or was 3 ere prize poe Fiich Gates Welker and Pele nd arped, or was the wrk a as nate composed {orcs led withthe Nove, ae KO. Miller ha dec hse ery > “Dixon's pric cimanes with song 10 Proserpine that, ike te nymphs” song in cack pom stepson ne Unerr ey"rnedot [he diner gn parr ater) Aleta Craig en age at ows se! pd ohy Swit een ala by de ees Se fer ‘Psp ih Roady 6 (1 Dag a Wa 129, "uberis Shelley ply, aping tat fer ry Sale a er wasn ext he ane peal tpn of ame provirus fo ig ‘Satna cum sna betwen stan bere dol visa Sone of pay" 00).o Persephone Ries 180-1927 gumeos dev ateatonotbelsue ofthe jn eigious faction and pry * Keighley’ logy of cen Gece and Ita (1831 designe owners ston rate than specs, tales sx pages Yo outine the Homeric Hy, ‘vith sever guration fom the Hymn in nsaon (134-9) As mote popu {evel ahough Lemprte snd Bale i thei mtbloialhandtnes aily {lowed Ovid, Charles Anton's Class! Dion f 184 eit 1982), whic was wily espeted and aval mien” proves an abides be “oterwse fan indeed Beau, tanslaton” of tbe Hyon nde "Cee ile 28; Aton 39-30) While Aon oes dor erage of Cees sd the your renin of moter and daughter an interest ni in ‘ems of he mtr eye, he presets os eeu rater Traces {ems as los punches eerie: Cee was aoa pico of he rte mater which composed thea, bt ofthe passive pructive pipe suposed to perade i; Pomp wash pesoifeaton ote heat ore suppose eae theca wich was oto Be atone the ce and ele of erly ‘Section (Anton 31,133). [Altbesametine, Shakespeare reat invocton Prosepinain The Winter ‘esse vod with iereasing reqaeny an reverence as tang, beyond lexquite surcepetnes, a eliious resonance, The puso haunts ski, ho quotes tan analysts ager in the soso Yolume of oder Pairs {2237,p180).n The Qtenofthe Ar (282,p. 13), andofcouseinProserpna 2.1488 p. 192 wre Perkin ee» gt than 2 myth vo] of maiden eat I he second alo the cena, Shakespear's ply im performance and cic, was here an there cospicuously conned with aan fy "sand withthe Mystere. In 1856, aver Helene eduction of The Winter Tale wth Pnceats Teste nde with“ Scan ower etal, prope to Persephone” (Barolo 97) by 1884, acetic cold exam, "Have we ots ths play, ad very ile the Elesinan Mysteries commencing with ‘els Persephone ad terminating wit the revelation othe tate oe earth mie Ceres” The same cre, WRC. Wigson, een aged tht Shakespeare's ‘ie ors forms “a sland and sel-coraned elation. comesed ‘vith the oriin and clase source ofthe Dain the Mysteries’ Wigston 28, 15) Following Cremer, Wigston prcsves Both Persephone and Dionso6 as “he ceatve ny of ie af" "he Kosice] spi ofthe Material woe" sence embodied ad celetrated in Shakespeare's wings snd expecially 8 ‘The Miners Tle (23,245) Afr of Romantic panthlt aeied wi he See 2.14068, 331099-101 Pt cle ints by KO, Ml ‘animes teva sn pao ees hh a Pes nthe seventh ay of ean (Se). forte ani of Pe's ech im i voume e212; 170, an 2144p 19 In 18 lore “OF Quen” Gren” Rak ie Pea ans ‘Steps ene cies On Wipon' eto Cn ee Wise 7. Ab prorat “ Noster, therefore, was now tui in Vitoria calire beyond the sere of scholarly mythognphy ‘Wher Vicoren pets explored he Penephone myth, hy ley had ih and tsa arity of tains on which eden team of my opphy. the inesingl Ceezerin wadonseveopeg i popuazatons of igh eure, andthe divided tain of post Hell. Within the poy considered nit ‘Sapte, as we hve seca Pesepooe had ben che ssid wih wo gest, Sethe hope of petal regener andthe tu and experince of worn. ‘Wome’ sigue nd slg 2 natedominte nce) the poston ih ‘marge tet experience of ape, the eakng of the bond Retween Mer end “nopner—ar, ewe fave see, res cuca he Home Hye Oi ‘Chios and eranbly in Staespeare. They aa problems rae wih rowing insistence troaph the Veron age fo the sat of ogaized Temi in ie "9st the New Woman cnovere ofthe 190 The rio an spl cancers ised by te Hymn Sakepete,apé Mion woul sem even ote {rps trough most ofthe Vicioian age, an er of passione contovey ove ‘he validity and importance fie, ‘When Persephone begins o become 2 power presence in mineream at ‘ella minor Victorian poetry. ne 1860 he sme sues lignan gece ppear—but with ig iernce: For as Christy comes ner atc, {us women writs gain more con8dece in exrsing female exer ‘aaly tan May Shelley but more pull), te fia of Persephone BRS ‘xe pteat oil, and esoman Se longer an nocet hele ‘tin of divine yan Even when she i iim, sbe ss ad with er ‘wn dangeroas pow. an experienced woman bearing the bude of psa ‘elation: from thf dere on, she nrg nod wth seat oe ‘rth fecund aren fhe moter The ich pst which Shakespeare Sa hse st The Wane Tle are gradaly explored ad extended trough 4 eat of debate ad experiment A these une, as Pepe somes in tert what Faller ad sen inher embodiment of he ating mind uraiy—anexpected an er sues arse: ew underworld pensFy Pepe Rs 1601827 for fit, “Demeter and Cora explores the feng lang upto Cora’ ‘elt fom he "hn (25) of Aiertbe goblins we are son the dls Con's fen te, a we ae shown How, understanding hat 2 beloved woman Tar experencl aa "aptre”wio he share and sense of immiaet ss ‘harley pasion creates, the allen Worn may begin ale al 0 da closet {ote vou thse an hefre move “open By cating the conotatine of the underwordand of lade terms ie {ral a shame, Crsenell Sebately ase the mh ih hose soc {oved ofthe Victorians the nea Elen worms by the say Tove af 2 pre woman. Ingelow,on te ote band, presets the Bond between Hades and Pencphone as Sct mara td hetefre eile though oe! “Demeter sigh bt sree wel The wie should Tove er destiny” ingame ‘cy pall the seal aniopoogins cessed in he rs [Like Bichon, Morgan, and ages, Inplow and Greenwell preset a geneally Fostive vason of fens conecion, gh the poet foc on mother and ‘upteraherdhan on women who are nnzing ad leading pee society, ‘Both the social aneopologiss andthe pets under discussion show enale bods eon byte vse cening of males ho find ways apie or ap ‘women in marine. Bachofen and Morgan preset the development ofa Imuriage as ecesary thewmate rogres of ce yet hey expres dies, frat lea wit povn, athe pice pas gun il far. Engels ees the development of the pata family the roo of soc nts an css ‘pression, ngelow ad Greenwell and betwee he otal of Basten sd the vebomen surge of Enel forthe women posts, Penepoe' ae nerf expr comptctdhy the Kore x wn ambaenceas she became mosoaly and somaly athe bth othe mera wri of igh ad to be Both put focus on garde of desi, the thea coaetion and the ways awh beterosexal experience and aig in particulier be ennction between women. Hee oe might suppose, we have the beings ‘tan. Yer before the tadon coal bem 10 Be exabliahedbefre (Greenwell ad pubis ite of her two poems ca he Peseptane myth —the sSncussin ofthis myth had bes interuped, and adel redirected, by af ‘more fumboyant let Ia he Prosepte porns of AlgetmoaSwinbune, ous {ener re suerte 1 issues of satu, Chistian visions of regeneration {0 pagan von of death, ad artes of meaning 1 fevetion of wcosmos at challenges tbe ery cons of meaning an vale Chapter 3 Proserpine and Pessimism: Goddesses of Death, Life, and Language from Swinburne to Wharton Vitra men nt worn developed ail fern ves of enepone nt tly feet yl vais ceneedon his woublod and woubling gates. ‘Ar we have just sen, Vicoran woren ike JetnIngelow and Dore Greenwell ‘spas the hurandmesion oh nh by explorethereatoshp between ‘Demeterand Penptone andthe anon he mathe naptrboeflowing te duper: marage alr sex! inn iceran men porch hit Spe from a much moe eterworly pespecv, emphasizing the holga sn ‘lsophial ter hn the soci esenaoes of te ale, Wil Ingsiow ae Greenwell Pepe impeisoned by ber rebonship oa man in pty by ‘icoran men she i rpped within a epie of Despi” (de Vere 23-0 weed cf dat and dares In shor, Vicon poeyon Pensphone focus on he Tove and saint beeen moter and nigh andon eth These re prcin'y the thames seed in the Homeric Hyman to Dente but Vises spare ‘what the Hy hsp ogee Tn fhe minced etry Pasepone or Proserpine appears in heatre by nen chiey a token of surecton or as an embodiment of meninges She san important place i wo et (and reed) tts tht were oN ‘rough muck fhe ed. ew by mice, Chiat el was lng Under the combined pac fhe Higher Ciicie, cetie matri and shit in scsi that ade mth of Chesan se nd practice sce oral Inadequate AS the power of Cristy began to ware, muy Vitor shed espera eh oa or il te Chistian promis of resection ol goa? ‘Second the ner Vcorian ea pany becuse of his collapse offhand pay for ter reasons (tailed in Appendix A), pessimism gral Became {he predominant mood svan gardethoupt, pecially (ough tec) famang mn. By teed ofthe cay Bash and Nor American worn wee ‘sponding songy (fen ical) this development ad tote pty ged of esse a pessimist vison. AS a godess fred pil fo contot the sombre tuts ofthe undecwor, Pescone cold easly repese Beate \itoran pessimist cototing the agonizng questions: Does ie have meting? sitwortle? Fey eps how Pesephone’s abduction fecomes “sed in Grek at and ocr th th gro er ae" ers he Home eo Dee oblate Ge rap oso 8, antes OID,6 Pape Ros 1601827 By invoking of manipulating Pensphone, Vcoran and Bévardan pets ould calor he rowing challenge fre types nd aru semaines ilo about the mor mpicaton of morality te acto sana ofthe ‘msl anivers sadtheposibty of meaning in feo Ingunge.Sminbure Sc the agenda emonsing (and aplading) the threat © Christianity and {ony sc sper of seni) inp in pessimist vision. Lews Moms, ‘George Meet, and Aled Tenapn even LabelaValncy Crvefod in ‘Canadetake up Swithures gaunt and in wie varying ays step ‘unre sombre ion though thei own scisions ofthe Perscfone mh Ye fn te work of Caine Fitz Geral, Maile Blind, Maori kal ater ‘Canadian, Robert Bridges and Eth What (an Aretican wie of couse, fata exptat ere espoding 0 «Brin Hey tain), he Sluons of Mors, Meredith Tey ae ao fnge vile and are barely worthy of nse pessimism ea presence tht noo be pty. emis on 10 find away of ing wih ery twetetentay writers rapt wits that ‘etn the eae Ingstow nd Greenwell aly esr ewe ‘Bemete inset poet the reo fe aunt her Sagher' spiced asst andthe metaphyseal ngret bese er, dsp ete symbol of resolu eee whi he fay, ‘Swinburne’ Proserpine: The Meaning of Death and the Valeo Lie ‘Tate Mee ae hve among en wh se eng te lesan ‘Mma ove ae, Only fa ier eal ere i er —Sophses,Tpsmar (ie Koy) Ve tk wat ve dahing ‘tee py te ‘Tani ne ree swine The Ge of Psp”: 11 ‘The ostresof less, whic clad Dems and Pesepone and may Ive ese the sty promised eternal So i Cristy Inthe ih ‘icra eae Christan re evermore eta, eestor immoral ‘me coe of the mow exmtnally power weapone im evey Chis ‘Steal. Writers who might ave ibe! (or at last orthodox) eas abut (Crating clog Bons, Tennyson and the Brownings, Dickens, and ‘Sen Dickinson sco the ear ail tango “Te sedis ock of mera” {Groaté 19) wih uyedng rigor To an anc ike Alpemoe Swinburne, {eer was portant to ndemie he yaring or moray, nd i “ijn o Poni” an “The Garden of Prserpne" (185), be ed 1 9s ‘hat -nory exp etciing the wala fear death, as many Peeks Prine Psion # i, bins mor atic and dsurbing wa. by substi a dient desire ‘yg or det Atte sei, be ass al mae complex a funda Fees What eit pes ening and vate if? I eso eater death, ‘rol alot become a mere fcker of swallow igh te dance of mee tm sme’ aReoon Or, worse sil i ether sed mora ol of ‘Sipreputon envisioned by Art Schoener deus round o pin that ‘howl be ended ora est insome manne anscende? "We ave sendy sen (nthe Inoducn) that In his powerful Poems and alias (866) Saburo deploys the a Obmpian topos to get el, ‘gtrouly caleging Chit We bate also Tooke Ii on his vison (of Proerpine a2 ptf the lst apis vison est pins Chea. ‘amiodin deni, his Proserpine poms rept nt ely the taser tut ai be deeper more widespread assumption that ie per eh ale ‘Stunpon hat the ver ass fthe earning rior Shope a ‘Sted at nunpon an tht yearning eae in th etry Swisbune did ‘tread Geman and was ot el acquaited with Schopenhauer’ work, bt {s 1863 be was moved and excited bythe scout of te piosphe' pessimism inthe Sonny Reve Mie hn hn came der he age fScipehner escive ‘om Wine he a ee fro de? Nee eat 0 el, id pe oe reins i ‘Shimane cvs iy ce [Scepoane) per eet ‘ite nang ani pn. The ws i a ben a pind eA mal ute cated wines by Ha ‘Seng toe cis sh, “Ops ied by he ae” “te ofA Paced Cae’ Heel et Scheer 325) witht sing dspy imo the parti of Schopenhauer’ philosophy, Sobre creo ave fund ch passe bio renforoe his own mee San ey ‘eosminm einen ged forthe esis of then ticle he ped Tice Shpena wf lo ng any in te doer af inch cenay pen pan Apo tare i [sea he, however eas spo pss nce ee ‘isu pos ea f Swat on Who Stain Im, Sinene ma chr st Augie Gaps La rowel alae mein ics Spenser em eg (an 2:3 (Daihen ects pdr cpg em pai Fe Hut anion o epee frig copes te et ier an manne ane enced ch pono nso Engel F(a 230. ‘Ste ann nae ate tr 17 Cae) An ‘hese lgeng dah ie dare ser (ih Sores Sgt wih ‘Sma i St seed 86) sd appoint fr rane nen {St oa iirc sows more bpt oti Se Rasy 14,1Pape Res, 1860-1927 1 wich Scopes aly came popular a Eland And cri in his frocem mere Swiburec’s Prose pos wc ace to Spear Santo Sac in the quay oftheir pesinion Th nese of he Magu Se ie mays bumpy evil crammed with xtaogat pin exe terre, egret of te God the vier of Scope of tke Presi posms—is ed, torment weary weigh sind bythe ‘in wil ove, Which Wesmast ame deny Whe Swine in ial wok ‘mre on explores Swan aie i te reserpine pore of Poms dnd Ballads (1860) Pn Ess” “Hyma to Pepa” a “The Caren of Frosepie” tate explore pesimian valid he seta delhi of pin Swinhume's“AtEleusi"samenloguspokendy Demeter The ext dries encphone' rape athe hands of Hades fr ure on Demetri, wrt an ection to dest the eth an starve gud eae tne, Denier tes ge te moral chil Tplemus moi, nd whens frst, she offers fitfies 10 Tripoli tia for ppp tes. Swinburne sips the myth f every hn ht mmoraliy might be vase {© moras, Tplemus he godess sour, wil ow and de ie al cee ‘rami bongs the Eesit e ovave death Cet sacs! Bar ad an ‘ef anc wre in 0 wa et 1 el i ahs pm Bre ro chen fending of Ponephon's eum. Dette’ st evecton fherabter sug apa, sortie Sues” wie soo i he He (ons 214) opt with phason te Fituless nd desiractinees th earth gen ths vison an cel entrapped Penpone eal. Dison ‘Neier Disen’s -roseine” ror Swinbune' “At Elsi” pessimistic n he pilsophical ses, but say pret etn rl ho fogs othe nero fever sin Swine more treet to Preven tnd "The Garde of Prose” athe pases thing toward # gen [sinc and atheist vision sag te igure ofthe peso explore ‘eth angus, the relevance of pgan myth o Chitin ne "pan Proserpine” Prosi sexs dau ie alerts cen longs inthe dk of ea As poe of eth, she wl ero all others Pgs sd China athe. Venus and Apolo have perth dhe Gales Kage ilps bt the “Goes nd aden and queen” te dead willy bie Jn te en” (Poa 172, 1914 line enero mie) Ande ihe ‘osesect opie of foreseen at at lve and eter thant git of Crist and May (8, 71-90, 97) Foro in Proserpine en ‘ec harmon, alm, mov: "ees od and rong fn enh td exam empleo Swinburne’ Sadan pi, i 1958 sy Millom test. See Halder 24651 fra cus hw Swine revi hast of ese e la anf ae ao my Sian ca ag cSen ean Peer pe nda Princ nd Pinion » eth isa slep (110)! This nal amen lly rect he Cita dase tf inmoray and even the desi fr everaing ey Swab’ yes ‘try exes af dete i, {nhs "Noes on Poems bd Reviews”), Swinburne describes histo ‘mown if gener per, “The Garden of Prose” sa analy exressive Ii ater than pilose semen, cmveing "ht be ol poe of sion nd tuo” afer "empestos peur) when “the sp ea Fearorbope of gol hing or hanger ad thins ont afer the pe sae” (Complete Works 6:36, 36), Tey, isa danateonoopoe,sapposed to bespoten sa puricaar ators! moment fer the polaron Rome of ‘the Crna” (as Swinbure’s ule speci) We therefore cane ty Simply hat these poems expan pessimism aa pion poston But eth ‘ofthese is exes the elas Ut re generale coed. nd tere “alse bya pemsmiste hls, Boh cela the ality of death nde ‘an, pal cham ofthe goes who welnmes sto nothingess "Gone wired Woptcra ings ar "ted nor ering ips emcee ‘Taney er mm neat ade Se wa fra en Forge abhor, (Ten of Pep Pe: 19-72, 14949 i mnt i) Prosepiae’s physical presence i ery nr bth here at inthe byt. The ‘nite of Swinburne’ women away tend ave though soelocke ‘ntoanimpressoistic b of beauty and sometimes “nes bet Posie ‘sive even or one of Swiabure's mae gres In ten to Prone ‘enas ts iment hea, Sereda» Msbed an shining Body apd "her {oto the sea" (13,79, 8, 43-6; Proerpne has ony see eyes fie ces the sweet Jw ight of fhe] ce” (9,101). Thai she dow ak Ts Svinhune' nie noe Leis rao, of wih wt did sou same in they the ronment of rpc {ep imucltebevson nthe oon a re ei onsets “Sesto pie tons sno is pris sing snd ae Sh ea he ‘i Peerinewh canner pan tee iy adel sad weet Sethe Se wesc nd poe are war hinge memy pen ‘Freda come ae aloe 3ho Paap Ries 601827 it below he neck: she i only the “sett ow it” of consciousness fed {fom he sh In "The Garden of Proserpine” sh his "ald smo and ther "allthings moral” not merely the flowers a once in Ean, rnb new Fel “owes are ptt scr” (64 we now ae the lowes sheath and we ‘Wes insignificant shy Tec her eo, nhs oo celhaing Imo contd any comfring sense of iaiy tht thea of the tds mist oteewse have supplied. This Prosepine ato har ple skin an “angi ips" sapeesing a presence atone dicate ad sede To foes ‘avat wort here becase Powe ethe goes of Cs ems of suse Sougst either a dead bay o oem ft sae shes ig he ‘ton of li at ale in else represen among ote things a ection ofthe fale Body as vessel fi ‘en's "dep har evil agen wih dou and color of omer embodies the dclights of tbsance, othe "bea Ide” es, ave with he Bowes a "ehly seal Venus abo procreatve: she “our moter and mater Rome te apotheosis both fax an of trismphan maternity (ya 2,8, '-Proepine bah pos isthe revere of Vena, of practioner sexu She snot a mote bu daughter who “forthe earth er mtb” (the Garden of Proserpine” 39) and is incengly detached om rt cles {tnd fr mater isl the yn we nd wo constuction he eine ‘oe inewiaby involved and entnee with he word the ener and ene ‘imo nil tice an hat worl This ality vty oman Vicon Tiere Les commons Swinburne esa fox prferngthe arth odes ‘tescton ofthe eine, He exposes hel ar the deh worship se ‘Spouses it bean, a the tage in icarer, ee a pon "Yetin “The Carden of Proserpine," the pes nly nef he innumerable Jiggs ofobivion by which Sunburn aly soees sO of holt it sil ‘rane, ke a feast ofthe “sleep eral Tn an etal ight wth wich the [re ends (95-0) AS Proserpine epee aly nothingness, ivan, unin, Swinturs cannot make het vivid or actively ome (her passive power the ldetoetovard which ll ie fends is ncompunl)withow vertigo minds fom wat she sgniesif "signifies ste rope word oie he (ther sing and overt nadgante images in "The Gates of Prowse she Dns tothe flr of al sigan Al ages nd spi in ths po re "dol deams oceans" (9, a gues of he eqealyfeting an ences things we cll meal realities oe of he til ls erin prospec of ear land ideal exten. To challenge the value sad significance of it inv) ‘bo calito usin he emcee of significance elf and referee at 5 Oye ae we fA Een” es Sia’ Poepone ies“ na” le matin fs fo.” ows, Kes ad ar Pd “Bound er pre yan ten rudd se eae el eo te beck ‘i Dems il derpon of eho of ber temple, a, Bd (Pome 21011310. Prope and Psion a oflnguage* The Garden of Proserpine” sou dere, poem tha conesves Sf and decries athineesr bat nthe poss, He agate we of ngwage Sots imply tt word canon be Rong the ely thy step ee. ‘ey have eds, aby connection he things they sigh an they ca ‘nly evoke—thy cannot embody reality oe represen in any Suble way 2 ely teyond Hemslves” Whether amid the il fow ofthe Rms heamers oe these cle of he meters in "The Garden of Prope” the goes utingy evokes the absence of hth, te insanity of meaning” and the clea fustaton of guage ell ‘Yetaswe ve sen with te hora context ofthe db ver nari and he adi of Cristian, hs very pessimism abut Tange an ing Scquissgicance adi i fat ntesly charged wish religion polis! fmporance. The tope higligted lathe tle el reals te “Caren of ‘Proeping”in Book 2, Cat 7 of Btmund Spenser's dep Chitan Fase ‘Oreos, whee the garden represents a tempation 0 hllow sad fats! deses [Aton ctl Swibure ems to extend Spent’ wang, ll ‘Ds a ‘reamsang powers become empty and ann tend The Garden of rrp 4); at, ees the este of tary one of hve oes eins we an te Swinburne a of ting & Crs pe spit il exposing {Chest ar delory way ston onthe oad wo ad the orp oF ‘ath The pe toe and reated, musing wie of “The Caren of Pope” andthe weary woke ines tte edo tym to Posie tence age ‘nd liver he bards ow Swine an re ot Crista 1868. ‘Victorian Responses from Rossetto Tennyson: Daa, Hope, Affirmation ‘owns ike “The Garden of Proserpine” and “Hymn to Proserpine” prompted ‘ohn Moly’: inmous declaration (usually quate oly part) Swinburne ‘was ava ter "ihe vindictive nose of crashing and onto dapat, (se. the ibdious nurete of pack of ye” 29)" Theft pat as ‘oc ss unflia the second—for Swinburne, for Sooper despa Fox dicen of ow ntertceny eveopmens in piss ceed ¢ sxc of ngage enh nd pene peepee event se Ding. Lng anf Dros ie Rea i Se > Fk M Tarra igs ht Gage Crt iil ry of Gree (1846, wee ft agin fh he tang agent ‘meng ere atlas Satay tt ahd gain ier eres” Yr ts "Ente cep fe maga 8) af war bud So onset ts oangige sine mes, at opal ‘Beapes spe von wel ng 2M, however at “yan Peis” Sou pags of ae gnu” hl utes ome“ tng® Peep i860 1997 tet oes ut crt Mores extvagant phrsing shows how part ‘hie Visteran pubic reacted the ion expres te Proserpine poss, ‘Otter made responded diet. Dame Gait Rose's Some, evocative punting of Proserpine with the posites and (hen as arya 1872" ay wel hve bee nen by Smite pers the early 1870, Rost neds with Swinburne as close and strong In 1872 Rosset wrt sn i iano aeompan it iting: his et and in is English version of th sonnet Pesan nt ‘bie in Ballad nd Somes, 1881) te goes eed and so. She ‘ours tat the ndererd oe aly ol hee "trea / Die fie” ans ‘soomy atone "his Tarren rey That cilleme" Bu the ky word in fhe poem, "Aan echtes Dito’ "Presepine”— yet Ronet olows Swe yond Dion's melancholy Lonard a more acl alien fm he elf Roasts some, not ely eight, fom andthe skies o¢ Ean fe af or Proven’ faue is inevorsby alienated fam he pasta, fay. ‘he nghs thse rom he ys that were” Sothe pss spare me ber sel her pyc rapmesied be ea pining afer er lost ul eT). As Sinhurne’s ens, ths Proven will mer eave ase Ruskin, to, ac al hearer cleentons of avery esos, in 1875 bein is Proverpng a stamps Dty taboo wth cue cron of pds wbo never cme fom he underworld Swistne’s Proserpine es hd made a deep impression on Rskn, who wot ins ete“ got "igi MS of he Ha © Proserpine, and wou pan wa fe mack moet ef pol"; Rakin’ own dey personal Vision fhe ges owes ich o both Swinburne and Rowe, “You tow tht Cor ou Medonao ie ‘owes, was losin il Fide a “tera apy be wre (Psa 1326, 9.42; 15.14 p 7, Like Rowe’, Rain's Cras ingrsoned ener, lie Swinburne’, be figures a det wie meting and wit eta, 4 distegration ofthese that Raskin war hime ening to expres “This ping ha eu history: Rose ceed ight parte vero ft, cn ae te et sive entnatvattscctan smtamne ee ea 7 Seohaegien a raupermemretn cee pe eect ret SSE ices Sihelerennarhnone como eae Seen peat mats aetna erp me cont eta Soma Saecee sae SRiemeaauero" aSeeemmenamege a ive ange Pn ee seen ogee Se et Prope and Psi e is eet rekon“ nog, om, eof dtr elms of| Posting” (LIL p. 122) ‘Water Pars pose desertion ofthe CnidanPersphone in “The Myth of Demeter and Persone (1876) more ifn reall te objid sod lovely Samos mater Proserpine of Swisbume's poems, who embodies ange and yeti beyond chang el She is comps of sep and eth and one at of ae Here ‘psa ent wh in he pen of Anes ht en 9 rere ys th eet oye fone os ‘Shemp af hone ralowsd wo sce ner wok ing "br hd eyo et ps se, bhi nc ai see thor sci Hk Bomar ppd eee re pd ‘one inercsorng oft no-no sate tan es "puedo er ee (18 9) ‘Tis Indy of wanes, of secret knowledge and von ogee, very mach te impasse, shadowy Proserpine of Poomr and Balt, Pt Src Lehn ‘Brandon Ye she cals somthing moe Pale eves te Bain presence of ‘Swinburcs det gids bat dtl evades Swine expli abduopopla ‘utes This Peephone ent merely ac toward ih lings bt prescace conning & promi: her myer ine ot aly "he set of decay” but “al secrets” inline, pps he see of resureston the “roms offen cms" 3). ‘Alteag Pers scl ambivalent where Swinburne sens dogmatic, ‘urs his eases othe ses Svinte arated an the ages Seine Bs pee or Les Morini popular poem Fhe Es Has 18767), so ambivaeoc i posible: Pepa le les oth eval ser ‘ci, which mats baru love posible, ad he ert of reset, wc te sapeme triumph of divine lowe. His Pesenbne reaps ve fle clr vandeinghe grovesof Hades, seca you msc ut om aes, wih ar Sie id and on xing. he know he was Life A te rt est, {dhe hid seed was Love" Love's "se lobo” rans Pesshone: be emary conection no loge wih et mate, Eat fut with er coo Desth (G06-3) glow hl esate esi of lope in sg oe Mari ‘lees i For Moris all growth and passion tnd toward tir casummaton in Jateosnu marie that both figures ad eas the soul's union with God Mothers soul wish easly ts fr ter cide: Mom's Petsshne even ‘ects ta se might not ave end Demeter ves “ved pe Shay awa, in 8, “ILE.” an er unite rede of amped ud be Preps nyt pseu sooo mesa est oye Pass le a Far gh ero ahve ed Seer meaty Lan rea rinal Persephone Riser, 1860-1927 dp ihe nthe al” (209) Te enceof pyc being sin te exchange Ei cen” fr the “cous un” of Love 208-4) Yt he inches Kind of det «rata! aeration ofboth toy and Sou Perepheet fe ‘th caoot in fic be ising fom er ve of one bau Ieee hn ‘sis beng “casing al renewal” (209). Though ber lining een ae dh Pencphane bosoms the rc symbol fh sols ernst an ‘Spin which rings / New heaven and new ch oe sieteawi tres ont ofe modem sean fat oldies ans CRE Ret In its ow jsf. slay pain”). nthe Enc ase whol fens {gins th dr om sim, Swinnean nde af eta dg (Qe amare hope vison Fate, Moras eng fhe mph of Poe Sept ete coments asunption bat mtn alsin sac ee bare Ye uchanging hmm hat andsea (41) eae dates aes Gates preseaing stealthy atematve oth cepy essa {arctic of much ofthe pst tht har appear’ lacy ao oe fd Ma Gace rig “a lain fe pot nse ag sa, fergaten, dat of clebrating the good which int hs in that We say eng rsh." oth reviews spay prs “The Devas es fads (tin on Wil 241,246)" wha present ea 20 st. ie 6), es se 12) “wan ele oF ae i oe” a. sine 37), tbe isaac and beat Not tbe lr inthe lode. tne 3). She i silya celta oe ‘ret opposite of Sabu Prope 7 en mae declare ht yt er ad yw the pr sade Soe ahCate ean ene Wen ae oa eee wares "Specie commen “The Dy of he peo Has appeao 24,246, Prine andes o Ase sot dg never hing ase ha her ome neo he ate of Bre: 8 4), Cae aly eis a i ‘pita ayo af ame eset a alo ening "a ce of. Tsong devi wea" in 3,61 Veteran? ‘cand sowing"[6 and elaewhee se antnctboe omg ie foots ‘of ernay barman labour “While coms night and poe [On the Cis" Poems: 315, emphasis min] )* The ave eae ens ‘smc of Meredith's poem (ery leet fom the lng sabi were of Swinbume's “The Garden of Proserpine” bth ecb ant erate ee, ‘erie of apy charging weld. Siar tetbodis the religion of Nature hat Meredith everywhere afm the es ut Ms the neiablty and ality of det, ste lie a ths ce ne ‘2 enjoy fr sor tine ‘Yetwhen aes snatches is daughter back he sate er mater Caines ‘ows obsessed not with the Cuts Sklgene hs tut hy ieogh de he sorbed tem an reouns thom in soa songs het wih Sipece ese, ‘be withers ava, earning toon, eave bar opt Ta eee Inti we may sec prape Maras ects schpoee Frees, sth iste of cleat the holy miter weld sought aye to once {fo sve the human spin rm he crs of exincom.Calees se ae ret Swinburne’ ly psi the death aden Caleta Steger ‘Foti hencon where Bam thee sme" Sabu hd agit eee ‘ow light” of Perephoe face where he inew tee was oly “casa! pk {Day ofthe Daghe fH." ee. 1, Ie 8D “ym to rosin So, {Garden of rosin,” 9) Swinbure sang in "The Carden of Peete oe those "Flesh omen who, with srengt ata beauty lle soe Proserin's “daily wine anf slumber in er “len Beldsohecers ea, {Sesto sing ofthe Homeric heroes bt ses in Skiagets vey Bt neyo “ath phos rey. mete stapes ogy sven (Pe Can gf Fomine” 1-88; “Dayo the Dao of Hada” eT, ne 95 ‘Shari es hin nthe “milly Lee” ber whole ae nel oo, sone hydome” of Homers verse. 7, Une 88) othe "eal wine ot Proserpine’ sence "Te contr ewe the uy i ‘beauty ofthehyomel and en wine (Sinn faints, Lo, Stra Hs Ga 30,5, 95.93 1365 Taney Ins oe Boachonp Gaver Mert res ae who inc, iss. cons, pits can wea nod yascledonie ee ‘Bauch dacs then be nt wae pig une sche, of heme andthe snssann aid al For Meredith og mab« Peep Ris, 1860-1027 enya matc—at inet tis he eth and he sling Se of td wesw sal pene ferpee Sa ‘Sra tr mail wer As Sgn sg" reo eh (Ger & ne 50 Meredt's om ic eects td ab wth Sie Ren bast sb, lar snakes “ad Crs wi epi Mt ‘oo—ateus del ans, aise shade wie lone Pepi pe Pe, ap sna pee 3 Ssses ‘Rls, ne) song tr rie vein oe “ingge of pm, nore inety Te med a ere eee wince gor, wine te ie mane nen a oe 5 5) Ee be power of etn arent ara rein fete It dap apt re be oa we ey as cain fr gies hese “Liki ett teased amen” Go snes 469) Dean hc, ‘enfrecs th vas fe, wires in Swinburne ealy werk, Seah sabe hana ate. Te wor of pay ouing ov wie Saban sry dais in The Garey of Prep aes cia sane Nerti' pcm Gc ines 4) et Scope ee ‘sth chi oy of dens daha Mech nes 9-0) Ea ‘et tos wit bert met have West: ud have Se ok 10 If The pees ene amount peed i Like Merit th Canaan tet ase Cro pis nate sist ‘l,i tol Kat (8) et op ooo eve te ee ‘he chleges psec! asin en re ely fun Meee Jeter Cw tery ne open apo Swish get expands Schoener pba ave 4 mous wh meat obj Het al el pest ‘Alfred, anticipates leaping to the embrace of: " thence gen who wat ol ‘sind fo tad we pc ed ‘hopin a wie psig st Se los et hep oe ean Doth a Wa a ical mace tege Ntonge Aon coe in et ‘sis ie we ee (he Cte Pam of el Vat Cen 28-9 2 Siro Te Ato ac) we hs pre wit ee 0 1 "The vole ia which Molin Kate nt pened was wel ewe at "raed ine pner srete) Proserpine a Pei o “Through he “ake guen” Aled ints. hs can cape the Bind, creative of aH, and mater in whom works bien wl ee. ‘row Perne's peat Nomingar aloe ca te sol nd edo, Yet he ‘Son of he oem shows hat life's iy reat emis ily an ‘hone dette agit hls nove and emo bee Kt net “nd rer Kaeo, crying, “The Dlck porch wh sig of pois wats” ‘Ghar tuts secs oognctste rempens tothe lng ced waking ‘this heat 25,232) In he edhe vere by owe aie wich ‘spel sopteatd ainsi hs mie conmon wih he ving ei Max an Kat thn Af wes it The ste en beings ‘aes aligned with king nd crete power of mate cl exerted {my poi in he pen” and 0 Aes pion proves bw, The Frotagasuof the poem wort and see the "wis wodsand pins ofCande Fre poem copoly cote te cycles of Me, ethan fe ened of test Dente “ountcous mothe.” Al he hes majo chancten—Kati Nalcolm an ed~andeng its entangle pe pita abou crate nthe New Wer arew ander Edn 23). Mort's Cerventoa pty ofr one forma ests othe ein of Swine’ Fronepie vise joyous sult vison of rei an Crawford proves tote The oct arate keh sprost, moe Powstan Meres nd tore though hn Mores Init oem “Dem and Penepore"C857, [ited Tesysoe~ntoss comple ste toned Sint, compound of sion, cote, ad ay. swell doc uly Gating, fs cts all town, Sites vey aah depp fe ewe o Psepne® Unite Mreth—whon banyan vv elo poems, ‘icky populated wih joyous ving ngs ae wo Bone om aot oper tosterTempyon choos fe Sith om the yougepots oe fpoud, depicting 2 vag, bared world of Gaus aa deans A ovine ccc ot wine gy’ a st clots the wpe world wn Pencphone Hes the rv aes nove sroded by a" a iskern pcre” an isha teresa back r ofc Attend Deter eps ater ae il so ‘so more tr dniy-emeielvan of Ha’ en (Pos 3: 1649, 120, 26-731. 147- 8} Asin" Gare of Posen” ee ito whch wees ‘ese winda he waves anventhe ues cnn nave Demers ues Noah aie besning of Pars and V (198-202, 72-4 © Dist sae at Temsons poem imal a pase Swinburne’ “fore Ree SD tet tk a te ‘Snuer enya tps acon Cis es ct of ra ‘Geist doi” an Swit comet of steamy fre ‘rmpomsnve nd ioe be be eunesoe Amore rug omer ‘Sr Suinhue' pur anes ah dO 4) Dl Best ‘Scania the ope sorb emo poo nd dr ec be [pcs inet inguge all Fora cvnvcw of Ico’ sine Sone, Sener 8« Pepe Ros 1601827 tnd can ely saan, “We know ot (6, 6, $46) Dems em wt as ippened oer cage only rough cai wich Panepone's edo” ‘ele dat “Beh an Dut hve nde er "he Bride of Dares" 9) By ‘Syn ot "Zeus and Hades” but “Bright and Da” Tennyson tke Swinburne efore him races Psephone's oy and sipicnce oan sation, Yer it the midst of hese absacons, rough ths adequate cater we cll words Mass of lib and sgfcace ea ot now ad hen: the mpgs, og Peepton's rtm," naff ogg AnEwesune te tn bas fom his "wine gra." and he mss ber daughter estrone of immorality and fasiguation (11-13, 19-21, 38-4) ‘Orso she dreams. Te reading of Penh resection a 9 type of ‘Chistian savaion ia ta ol the Onde morale But fr Tess ‘mater des spology eno ables of teaning. sen tclopeal ‘Speciation, His Demeter nts contin church btn og Sitio bY the impulse of sineeent-ceotary apps, ening be aap a sable ‘symbol chs Srnbure's speakers ere ae ire ot Kern way that Atte own unstable moods and mtaptyss).Teyon's Demeter rt the {ssh knows witha mix ofmpatene ation moralty(127 38), Sines ate om napa to ind rela orc of formation on eeu ‘of holy al immorality (39-86, and yearning fora beter gohend beyond the bunds of nose, What sb desis ost se can clydorbe a Lip aang fone eunge Lindi Onis of wha he a2, 12) have displaced sc vt des Zeus ad Hades thn hopes ber dager ‘wilde te whol tri year wither (37-4) meresingly Tonya ds ‘ot present Dente ab ane of he as to be placed: seat gens, he ‘wisinply come unde Criss Kindly powe, et word aeqng samt Fore at wil show fh His vicory ovr dah Ye the sacranesal son lf i beyond Demers sop; she hs ho want oe her prophecy andi ingly ‘ealing I (ry dashing indeed) it toe Fates’ ambiguos wordy “Tete 8 ate beyond ws (6,128). Following the agoste thology of LD. Manel, ‘Teanjun poles ht my boas WD Saw pit his senso of ‘Mans work—"ur dt to have ath na God who ot aly kava at Also tmconcetabe” (The Led 12). ‘Dente’ apc to concave of the Chri whose advent sh probe leads att he sone pessimism of Swinbures “The Garden of Prope” bur toa vison (rune) hoe and anfdence Her fh in hr dea Persephone’ shadow has Bon jsf the “Cod of ghosts ad dese” has resored Perphone bsslf—bnds, arms, ce and allan be tet ld the Hing lovelies of he nat word hs at gt “hed ay” fo Persephone "Tatshoow of ikenss toe king /OFehadows with which she attst emerged (S 9,212, 15-17, Beyond sad, bey al pes nd io, Demeter nips te inconsvtlereliy oftsermation a nmol, ‘oh for esl and fare harman ac wih which seb fervent ets (14, 10-105). Swibure uses words fo move us ejond what word cans, Deyond ur “dubl reams of deans 10 the otingese tht awe Texan Prope and Pini ° too ue words 0 eke “tome vison oie of wor sme vison Beyond the tne oconscioumes whic corns ite undesandng With i.” hl withsn uniogiabeecnsing pe Shaw, ack Vl 18-6) ‘At sl eaper level eg, Tenson Demeter in ques of the ver srt tht Swinburne hal bought to question te confidence hat ies worth living Fer anyone who grew upclose sow with son wih meta ness, rua preg, ae Tenyaon di htt aways be ae ith ‘Ean or fo estore, Pesape en ofthe sous of Tennyon's poplars, eyo fhe dgenty catia sic pace snd power, wat hat be fog om he ‘eionng of hi cares mht proved ob a erga action again te oncoming Feces of pessimism, For him, aor TS. Ey personal doubt and dpresion ‘proved sympa of wir cata st, whe Tennyson's epee even ‘Shes choice of mortal hopes wees generally characterise of igh ‘Vitra clue ots at tapng on aliention proved forthe moder {rm Bt Tennyson's soltone and even Mere’ more sect Vision we Sisady tung ceo cua sou fo be dminted bythe Decades AR ‘Denster and Persephone," 90 text Hat | ve Seen even atest id 2 Christan anonance «hope of eral resurecton a Peneptone' Str.” “The Queen of Darke: Pessimism frm Fit Gerald to Wharton Fam roves hn, as "nom hat at wer so sie. crore one, "rine 4D a Caeepoan (1912) 18 nisin tet Mor, Meredith, Cad and Tennyson al fel he edo ‘ond io Swinburne oii ores nd deft some way. Noble ‘Sud more pany nde the growing power an amportace a the movemest pla hao Se pid oo it Tern wa ey aed in be espns ny fom lod on fe Suu wt Prone prs "Tyron al ua eto Chins De Poop ana eam ng finns dig monn fo Te nr (core ‘poem nmi Sage (9) oon 6) get a ys vane ‘Socom rely ete saad ec of be pce nto met tel ep he {cri ois imate, rh ses andrenma epee ere of “Der and Pompe per ert msi 1s wth he ston fhe poo aly rove ete he ie pos {rented (Ear Sy i: oy, Reo Book of Pay” 25) and ‘tun Tomson Cran vce pear ar” (Tens New Pens). wonder hd rea pabishen peat of Samet 109, nhc lone "iyom Pont apt snd sath Seah~ Peep Res 140-1927 tr Swinburne hal oe he itt cle occ. "Proserpine epi ue” the Saray Review described Swinbure in 1905 (A Dahir of Dreams $7) hd lng sine abandoned pessimism; he ao langer yearned wo catch "Some uals imps of Proserpine’ wie hen” ("Ave tg Valsad is Is poetry sogets tha he mipt have had morn cme ith Mere (Cawtodhan with hr cri selfon pis ike he ae of i ad the healing ‘ily of eat Yt on devel eatre came lo peeve his ety is Of the underord ax eytizing the very spit of he age. The gponynous neo Darwinian br of Jak London's novel arta Eden (1909) dba ast on rereading Swinbre's “The Garden of Proserpine” A ast he a scored the care of his (409). F WH, Myers 1898 ari, "Modem Pots ad he Meaning of Lif” Bonar the sme poem at ome bt exrony prtak response othe covery "that th une no way contacted o mee the Imaal needs of man" Desbug the ica peas te met wonder of al Swinburne’ poems, Myers comin: “Tint oe Lain ssf te ag we sl sis anil og hos aro, terres rs mone off ht ep pe wk a en oma 2 ‘at we he win yas 90 ayo ac ‘fle lsh tht be tow fiat Bowe al ewe mei {noapucm hore fous ne consi 50 0 19 (yen ‘The “omabod dep hat fa seemed ie » gtuows sii ass © Morey in 1866 i now pectived at exprenive of » pple “suspicion” 9 wiesesdapreeasion of pyle ste and a qu Schopesauersn eaouceent of fe Siar, Shope’ "[sJesgs, mene, and deren” pilosophy oul be dissed Wythe Sandy Review 1863 as sciasing snomaly "is tifa lets have arated worshipers wit ‘ig cist of Hope! ct chops 25}—wheren 1992s re had become a chon "Schopenhau n Harman ar inthe tthe ‘ofrmany people who ave bot read ht werk "nd 36) Ary Loy, Inf porn "To "(1889 describes a poet who “eed fo bas / Psy (Gad Shopeiaur" By 1902 te nous autor ofa lant aril etd "Moles Pesimis” which sped in he Quart Review, cut explain at esi as xed on ae paths ss es oy sd [oor tes arapeletr ner rae mney ep SS theuy a by hcl! cl ada mcs poping Tat we a comenatie ply a eget an Wario id pubic poe pein a sows at psi hd it ach of ck ese Stee a Princ Pini " sod tof taht arena ec il nig he site ‘Seapeandntancing vey cept han mda 27" “Tine spit ler visblein the works of women weiter fom eae 18805 (n Calin ier Ge’ le known “Hymn to Perepone™ oats Fer ‘Zn Other Poems, 849) Kees on Penepbone aan enbdinetof et Frost takes sath mlachayview of hat oes. Tis i sows the get ofthe tratton bepun by Sintra oly ine ban hes” tn aed” atnopse ofthe poor inthe Swinoumesn ping of conesing image antosme ete inthe ggesion tht Penapbooe we wine that 1 et an ler ter han th of exaltation However hs eres the eos solely a rprereiatie of the tral cel aed he “ioc! pals” Inspired by our know of tat eel, rough he we my ea he mii of Panephoot’s pry chidood inthe meadows morning dew” an alo he more Sombre chan ofa experience, er dhe sealer moan” Where ‘Swinhure’s mre abort stava eds Se by sep tan apprehension ofthe Imadogacies of linge andthe empies of ie, Fz Gels more wana {tad tyme danene~each begining, "O, ll.” tht Pepe's ‘rsd nap seroma stan ad cepableoisng he speers ong” with meaning (70-71 “Te pods ede tragic expericnce asin Matilde Blinds more sophiscted poem, “The New Prspine” (ids of Pasa, 1895, which Imply challenges the whole tron of male pocey en goddess gues. ‘Writes by a asi emi revcatonsry his ie ses at sto pest 8 anvenions ptr of he female rojo ety and wes closed ina por ting: WHERE coe a he te of Teatecematennty oop ‘ere so an ke ith, he topo ny wet ‘And wits ale srr ie ‘CaberthepneDowes woe, Fats em Pose ‘Ye gtr we hn mit have been niece Fron of ln saber Below 5 The jue of he prod ore murs expat for he pow of sei enn Th ote Ce nde2 Peeps Rs, 401827 ‘Th mip he en at Quen of Sih, lve-inndy Hadeeat pel Fervent bee a ye Tho lay he Menor of He. 837° ‘As th poem poems ticle tht Blind presents the triton ojetifston ‘ofthe fea oly to subvert fr inh att nes we ae fred sey 0 Felze tthe pale beauty weser has sel, apa anda experience a wich we ‘am anly gues Weare eocourgel to ak wha es beyond thee of heey loveliness, what hie ndvid! woman ha auleed (or the condos od oF “ght have bc” reminds sth hes sept rom Proserpine), 0 wha Pouspine es might have felon he eta the Poway meas ok ‘mich She tad bee 0 vile sched. The sudden grinnes ofthe ending Teves us with ass a he jagsed ces ofthe myeh and ofthe dierence ‘even the "thu" athe" of he poe. Aster a Wharons "Pomegranate ‘Sex Wein tht thee ae vies We eatsot het so fn “The New Proerpe” ‘we ares anbl tsar the Prserpte hgres ele expense 18 elng to contra Binds approach ere wih Tennyson's ena of ads conse in “Demeter and Perepone (a poem Blind wou eaialy Ive knows). Alhough Tensysors Demeter St “awed by her per’ mpi csinpasioned eyes,” she scm to knw exaly what hore ees had seat qhale Hades, “be Serpen-wande power” Shao pas ut at neither Prosepine’s ees nr anyone ele's have ev Seen What she, Der, a at [hl "The Life int fad een” emerging oe ain int ead ihe (123-30, Proserpine hee has no sje o store of Separate experience Imacerseo he mother, nd ao voice; Tennjon's Demeter pends most of the [rem dicoursing o be own experience an holga speclatsons, sd nthe nse Bln embraces her daughter a new spec f Rene (0-47) By conta, Blind doesnot examine Proserpine’ elation oh tra al “Tis Poerpine as Seen pany imprisoned y her hushan's ove for eo hs for hi (he ambiguous compound"Love nda secur Gres “Demeter and Cora that inprscmen maybe he fica of he god's andthe indy’s—teble menos Bul th poem ehiely tases 90 his ba the shocking const ere he eat ht we am see and ey and th sl experienc ty the fr af Not by acon Gos tei of th poeta of the {0s sugastbe"New Woman” of ter who was pining ashes ht ‘have and be aseprteselin sera pola, nd facial es. Tih worson Pepone cose mae Vicorans provides onic ‘sion athe end of poem we may note grand certain, bt we do kn wh 2 Roe ont hp ndane cere indie apt the Vir Won er Prt The Sour Rew pel Ba of Para ‘swe ef hugh an tou wie ely cpg elcome ‘eo le of Br of Ponape U2) sane tia ae ck Pye Reet ‘Bonk Eg ety” Arbar Sys cad Bn pty a 90. Prosi and Psino 2 we ar intended o cnt ano hope oc In lin “The New Prose” [Zschne somn, we ond wih pitingBever ie le lance and he ‘ipcencs of te woran whe sued at rt ean aces oh ning, nt beten the conse of the sper and rede and the wacesie ‘toscionnes of he moran wh efoto snus the poe’ ral bj. Dd Seems tobe guestonng the very wadton of rng goes Gees fo he Feauy and armory (or fr dat sete ea an dare) that male trata pet ot wore. To esore je ta pode nha ve ltl or noe in Swine, Mere sn Teaon po eu Baw WOE Ive bee meen ant inept “A Blin frgmen's the monolith vision of the ale Vitra writes, so inthe cart twentieth cory, even before he etre ofthe Fist Word Wi, {ome ac texts on Persephone that ie ploopically fagmete, srasurd in Such way ato preset debat—or fers simpy a sateen of ieslble ‘coe betwesn pessimism and a more hope vison of te wes In Wiliam Shay" ened clon psy “Perseponea (1903), «priest hs Been ‘inded by he vison of Pemphonea caring ower tht wither it ak, the pees el him that she ar ever been aware hi “Save a shadow ‘ickering he sence” an that soul eer bate his eyes inte sea, where ‘psy other ps may el im, o ie where abe heel may either el BS ‘indesocilhim ambiguus advice a eaves everyting uncer (Poems 13He7, 3223) Inthe sume ya te dramatic monlogse “Pasepone”by Canaan Anhur ‘Singer sts a goddess who el te Beauty of he a al the oe For he ‘much delight ae bod he mises her earer typi el whe, She ays: ‘er te pew ae ot Da Tarangire tan Fag hat so ear Ene al ary Longman bmi i Eertendsome dll Foe (17 nly he knowlege of meds dest cnbles vil yn and Perspbone’s {seemed tat all moral “alin gloom anal nsu”(1) Asia ut ‘resolved ti psn Marjorie Pita’ composed ie "Penepbone Retring to Hades" and "Te Lite Fans to Prone” (190). The st of these poe flows he dei the gods’ hous she is feel he leping mote, say ates the as ruts ad blossoms ofthe eson (Long eu es ripening on he ther, With ane wide ose at had ego 0 (de) and thn fe the nabng inchs of te yawning dere overcome etvig flings and memos: Tis mining Ie eye oe at bmn op“ Pape Rs, 18601827 Als have ten, Lae teh es py eb of eat ‘hn gabe nein fe od, ‘Asif waning sin tee ‘Asma own nn wh oom me an ee, (Greco Pao of Maj Paha 49) Like Fite Geral, Petal prcves here mtr infadpith melancholy, ‘sloughs poet als infer vison with peclity Candin eta fo tbe forested wldmes being placed By the growing cies. Perens soe tbe undeword as "as gry suburbs and loos back ot ols of wheat bat the "olden nies of the wend” hat has ow bung woodwind stones) Yer Peneshone' ros foo shading into aptly iseontadied 1 te companion poe, "The Litle Faust Proserpine," in wich the Gane leben, os and allectons of carly ie (Complte Poon 180). 1 is of course, sting tat the speakers fer earth's delights should be fauna than Demeter, wo is ently pusive i "Persephone Retin ‘0 ates" and went nthe Soquel. Boh the Camaian wore diseased iS ‘ptr sem gute urnteresed in he mother dah bon, aay ate Within the context of Persephone’ sary: Fite Gerald and Blind donot mento the topic eer Ye inthe prewar wosks of Braiges and Whartoc, we cn sce a tempt close the gender gupta had opened i be mid sinstach cent ‘ne combine testes raised by male and female oes inthe Vien age” [A the same time, the atmosphere surounding the dcusion had of couse Steed sine the 8 Women now might be alent frm their mths nt ‘merely by betrosoxa! ination bet By export eduction of + Kind om SHhch toe motes fad been debared in both Betdges and Wharton, a we ‘hal see the maiden bose into with sad pinoy that pty Ino extanging, 80 fara the mother i concetmed, Dan any depo of ex 3 he ean ae, tore, ers he are Arvind sd Mee ‘Nout Pipa enya ght ed ana "at nly wae he tory Tenn, Swish, nd glow (ce hve) su wide wate cleo and elope bt hey wero ted opt ‘oon omnes 7S The Gn Pep” ies IEtserTomyson¥ Denil Pospan” spear a Kateri Hah The a {fDi oe Mog othe rekon oman (192) 16, can be it tes StingtowscRenpone equal Alana S Mary, Maoh 3) £2: Mura iss Me's The Apes Deter” Tenor »"Dorterand Peo Sn Sot ent ent cre ‘thse on Demeur 0) grow san atch of he nc ey Sil ie tat, wen Tenpan di op of Aine pe etn ht "he chown sd aps ers pt ee. Prop and Psion 8 experience could bo (28 Bees, Demeter: 4 Mask 37)" AS we have seen, Penn was now asignifian par ofthe mainstream cular which tbe New oman wa incressngy winning acces; Brides and Wharon bs chose to ‘ll the Persephone ry in dramatic form, ith climate coonaton in ‘eh text erneen avely hopeful Denter anda pessimistic Persephone Robert Bridge's most fequeay prered play, Demeter Mah, was ‘writen a 190 the request of helio Somevil College, Oxford and ‘id them the ianguton of hr ew lings in ha yet” (Demeter 7), “Appropintl forte toms ts eommsson, she phy explores female commit. ‘Yom Penephne is vied by Ahem snd Artemis an spor wih hr uve ong ferafe fend, he Osenies, before se tors fm he group tes fro ata the da bes on Dee's and yao the a tat ‘Boprechenent of mer and duper when Pesepone runs om ie ad "Es Wharo's-Pomegrnste Sot” war ot writen for mate preseratiog Bet {st ike Donte frm «ven play. We ft ce Deter cmfoed {dined by Hosa, nd the afer re mre wits Hermes) Dense’ ‘esmna wih er id prover t once he climax snd th cota cont of te {ext rps shows tht optimis od esis both emanate om the passing hse of experience ad oth generale orally. peaps—flm momen in {he lang snd dia progres toward ate vison Ae we sale, Et When ‘esl Bess pon but racy questions his remiss nial, Badgers Perephone refines to recognize te existence of ei, teveing Hind nero conan” 10), Bat Alben and Artes ware he ‘hat cand rae prs fife and pity ic an Inco of be barman nnd (122-8, 167-68. Such teachings are repellent to Persephone the maiden, ‘ht when se etn fom the underwerd to er mothe th ed fhe mask she understands the “mystery of evi” (11988) beter than a ter oes fo She has ered the Cave of Cacopysin (eo; = el ums ar) In 3 passge tht Brides intended tobe sen "ery slowly (6) end that eve 's proabiy central his purpose, Pesephone pert i she Teccgnafdinnereea foireen tatchaen wd Peer erery Be ehideen. anaes Shun tatoo se 0) [Ath ae ine, both Demeter nd Paseone have independ conceived of {rine the own aor" where the ints wil ne "Te meaning ad Taide! Kery MeDonald fr ving my ten ipa.16 Pepe Ris 601827 he reason of al his and priv “Te xg fal ings oe god, Ant {he Gd gud" Evil threw be underoath tay show the good "Sold nd fat and Shining” (1 1003-19). Ts ewe to Cocos of couse, wile hese a less he "myer el Demeter ‘Scatosagpe, willbe incorpo ithe Elsen 10754) Pah ‘hee, ister wl one owned th so tc “isomer? “Tobe enfrc't rach” what hanans need is ot moray but te wor io secept an vale ane nso iia gon below aeons I(ibst429) Tass Demers, th otimisfath a scopy he 1 ica To make’ wil (I, 107-71) “Although Pesephone cn concrive of leis, he does s0 oly t0 convey to er moter, by coma the mre of scopy the queef Her doer nt eedose te vio oft queen of earth. The issue mystery of ei which emephone barely as wordt expres (IL 61-72, 10847) doesnot dominate heowa sion aw (he though Iban rom me” she sys 961-2) tat there finden tht she embrace sn alenative view ofthe Wel. Tat, Bridges ein planed to ent Demeter on = ote of Cacphysan pssst, coring t» Margery Fy the Somers Ilvaran who had common he ‘ay Dna Sanford explains: "Se objected th this was no prope Youn Iason eine oss and insisted hat he ening be erin Heed ‘tat was lke thse who woul pats hay ening on Rome a Jie (G0) iis enfrat revo, Borge alms the aulece a fel the vison ‘fds need damage or para thon wha conto Ax Greenough Whe ‘om na ieren comes, “Oat ofthe Sino pestis hardy soul eee ‘ind in. mpencble mail ("A Study of Moder enim 347)" 'Whai mateo Penephoe snp the fact ht sh has see the worst nhs at alowed ito cow her i espa ot aft er ep for ove (IL.1065"6 Se as embraced sow moe dey tas be mete as done, tnd the courage she hs ested Uvouph ths alos existential con what eabls hero conse her dr instead of ring consed by ber The ayy UF hll is wrapped within the mysteries of earth the mystonee of Demetr't lewis: the opumisic metic gee by Deter andy the pole mgt ofthe plo in performance, with joyous ending re wa of mening td flaring te feat fas of ain and Tos. Cacophysan pestis ‘experience sap ofthe worst suring posite, ba Penepone retains from eesing a metas or an ethic on that Bat and merely preset hat = Serie ngs ct net dra et sere ers ieee! Sor eos fees Sane oeneeeees Son tact we euswsaegee sey “Sree oa tan a a ememianc of tht dra vsion—to er mother and presumably © he states le a less an essranoe at tevin can be suv, hat ee ot erty ove. Peephoo's character i carious casive, peas because se is mach sa scbjesty in proces a a pe ofthe fe nligence ta a lean ote ahing. howe" tisurbing eho, witout being hamed by er dacoveriey sn slcle motel the now sens a Somervle (WE Should remember there was reat ane at hea ofthe ety at igh ‘duction woud psyhologialy or ysl damage women) Throop! te by. Pesphone sai 0 be Bea, Bo we do ot have muh ese of Ne yslealys rina sensitiv the“ Plpitan exalaton of ars “fond desis" modules io an noabe spit seeity (102-3 1.932 ‘dyad whe Demeter errge aviv pyle, “With ky torch in haa" "Hr goen ping ait upon er sours stake” all ht mates ‘oat Penepone'sappenane isthe crystal crown that marks her new tap of Setfconro! (38,36; 85262) Asin Swinhare’s hyn, whee Aprote ‘asa matril presence and Penephone peel an bem of uric Li of consciousness re ris coast sont ess op whom ie ‘Sperptted with he kas embodied more dep contemplative qoen of eats in Wharon'sPomegramte Sood" (1912) bower eco sewn « pusonate body ands comerplaive mid beweon vig boy a dy shadowed wih teflon of exh, between te emo inolved in he sil se and he ents involVed i epg that enormous Toe. Like Greenwell nd Inge, Wharton in et tetment fe mith sony develops the piysical and emeronlsoanecton btwesa mah sad dupe, Dome ‘hina and hanger for ber dah, she tenes wh moral women Who, ‘alin the che they hae lst, “el a e's andthe ied reas he ‘emer hot the Bowe forth dager of (br dy” and Ia For Joy atthe bith Pesepone, on he er had, comes n ang body and an ented mind. Although she recs te “earth's warm presse ene 0" Sn the peste of er tite’ the retuaming ugh ipl, and Upon ber ead "Sits orang ras ike crowns er vce "lr an he Tips ieee eas canoer "he Selo "and within ees the ‘on of dtl (479) ln Swine Proscpne oc nde Schopeer, Penephone's bilensess gaz Herat fom mater in Briggs, Bet ‘ave mneatiiysugana he conoling power of he cin end il on ‘1 emotional respons the material word In Wharton the goes pall xjsses te pun and dsessO temael wee, ot ec af something Sepunte fom at wr “Though we canst be sie dat Wlston had red Bide Demeter oF (reel Pesphone pers tee ae my gia panls = Lie Grewal > sags mee widen tenon 1912 (nt te pbc of ‘Oxted Pres ein af spony hs she Year wih Wire psd “empanaSodAescten cf Geel neg Der nd Coad ‘Seni 1906.* Paphos 160-927 Bridges, Who beings Preto an Demeter bth power 1 i ike ‘Bp sh wr thom facet ice a ving ot paso eb. When's ‘ore ke Greene's har even ap hve rer sn ses fer the yo ‘he orday human wor wilePeseone seems commited the wild of athe Indook Wharon's Posen nike Brides emplacly stacks her meters labs inte serve of Iie and refs to parca nem, Ae in Brg, Wii's mv Dee bas ease damage wih whi Psehooe hs fo deal (290,291: agan a in Bigs, Wharton's Pesepne smn he mystery of ‘sd as bn coed wt sobre io, toed a aed rough het ‘son. However, uni the Persephone of Creswell or Bridges, Whats cat 0 lage elt to er moter sympathy, dest the contang ove er ‘ne aot.” Demeter an ber Saher no hve diet nel nd speak ¢ ‘ern nguae ‘Wharton's concer wth nua is xpi om he a. Det wonders “what word” Hecate can bring er of Persephone, nd Het news," Wor are "Demeter exclaims,“ aa Thy word asthe prced valley nosy rit ‘Heat fas sod inoenton, ematnally nui to Demeter and Heel “wor” is figured as material nouratmen the vera a oe gies hay ples the yal ac of he ther (2845. Heat rss Deo wat on ‘he “word” of the advancing gd Hermes, who comes "Charged wth grave words of mgiearing Zeus the “word” ofthe oat presage ete ving tins themselves, “wing seeds tht erty hope /To rot ad pein longtacren hers and are “tlle tan dd fen Te ngage othe saree ale dey, seemingly bs the tule general auido Dee, ito the eth Hees wont can ely mwah ‘Yet a this point Denese’ Tema langage strongly calnges the male language of the "Lieve her "mortal wend asset 9 pees comity ‘bean mother and dager “Twat no worst hone ny cll peas sbe ‘orto Hermes, ada itleerr cries," What othe gods val?” gucstion ‘nansered, s Hecate points out (Son Tennyon' “Dems sad Pensphane* Demet ters her questions to the gods tut nde tha nig answers her) Demir now ints herself ably a mater and 8 mort deme 'esmow: “thre be any grieve nt Bae, / Ging ere, a will ‘ive itsok” (286) She want no ngage ut tha whic sais anda he ‘steneston betwee mathe and daughiehe ova “kid” re ot the pd he miserable morals who sek ir end eisren, “Whe live upon the words oF Tipepoe du), "snarl the, that her ie words we Pasephone reappears re “Speak ‘me, my chil!” Pephone does peak abl endl gros Br meter es nt > Deway hmer ninth tite ing he dot a mate! exe n e jincl mba”(), areng willy aye is ining cms Bigs Hare Donte cna ba Dot pies mes egy war awa a pt ae "ees ad Swen” wos Ma" 75, 5,0) Psion Pei » she gent races o the ear, the grace of hawthorn he war press” ‘of cath underfoot. But hr Ast wo speeches war Demeter tt he doe {S trevocably separated fom the moter and fo the fl ve eof eh, Synueteialy, Deter elaine, “Thy soe pl than the Hp eaves tds Fenephone begin express er eof the iving word, Dee i, hat ae these words” (258) Ar the poeer deat, aces tht Pesepione ts te on deeply in lifes end to lve She ecoes Geos Elis comment in Midomar (1871-72: “That rt of ge ih he ey et fecha yt ‘rng fin the core scot mins an praca mer cod ‘uy brah nhl aan ding ty ao ‘Mea wo bet ie bs ow so eel het md (pike of walk sh wel waded nh opi, So Penephone a, sng sme of ts ery word an images: Dot to tei mi bit an bei ‘Tero ofp in tna sepa, [Anda te dng anor te rs? 29) But itis no merely the intensity of ht nd eng” hat Ross Pesepooe: its the “owl immoralty of Me” at forever feds det and misery Having ‘neared soho net wor love” Pasepones solely pele Demeter eee appetite fr rnging ne ie nto the weed 28) he boa ‘of Demeter afte mother andthe emer are “Exerable ofc” nore "deal ‘han the “til” “esses of el 290,29), Eke the speaker in Sibu’ “The Garden of Proserpine.” se ont he geen Sed rowing ot reaping fo ad sowing” with weary disse and presen the uneror at ‘qusirut pace of mobility sed oly by uneasy rear: here, re ‘Thepoplan, sil he shaken her f men "InSwnbrte’s Cadena ly “sighs and with eyes frat / Weep tht no loves enue” ("Te Garden of Prscplne" 5679-90) in Wharton's tough teases of the dead “te ‘ans The st ose denn” "Poearanate Sed” 290, 299). Tey cannot ‘en yea fer hapiness. So Pesepooe sas bt ber mothe’ boar ner ‘ber Ings i profoundly silsione, nse, eves as ber mother ‘td ie langsge se haemo tthe end ofthe pay, Persphone, dpa, Imumas “tbe he vies of my Sx” to which Demeter el, bald“ Tat the seret whisper ofthe wheat” 29, Both Iingusicaly and philosophical hve emo goes now blog 0 siren spheres. Tis in sl proes hat he "wing sede of Zor word re 2 ri’s Demeter ao denier te underoath an ht no i ‘Petus nd sasoe'dpin’ Wher le ings ond gu (L408,» Pepe ie, 8601927 fruits: te oergo who suppose gives language is iiiance an free ‘hot in fic reancle Demeter and Penepbone' iflrent dou snd ‘hwo cena itn he Ings yea own to be hollow, Hoc Secrmingy nourishing word ha alo disappoint, a the “cold rm” of het “nce es" 254) sow sere at ules a Wharton (wit br expressed lfeton rhe "poor der maligned Goddersof Reason) general lca most holo discourse andr be (Lene 11, 102) Mos ail, omever, the covery tha he aerate ao belgie pers eres ‘rel defeat for Demeter snse ber daughter cn m longer Reo es Be lanpinge, tb conti ake pine rts os. Person's vision ht lsh but ih knew dp hat andere ll ope of smn, ‘What Penepooe ciety reeset ir the alention of te modern sp intro te philosophy of Schopenhane nd hs flones—atd ie seal osu us, since Wharton rea Scope inte vigil ase a 1902, {nd alsa 1905, Kuno Facer volime oo Schein his Goch ‘neuron Philosophie Sb deserter saci ilnoper oper ‘ligh—so acl dicta ye almoe nego rose ar Schopeswc and $0 fillies; in 91, she sl entasati ahout Scopes exempt Sele Leters 36, 102,240," Her poem of 1912, bed with this know: ‘of Schpeataer's wring, sabstits forthe late pessimi of Sondra’ Proserpine poems una ononton between te tet pa of ie ad 2 ‘widerigy nls condemnation ofthat prt. or Wharton's Pepe. 5 {ar Schopeniaer existence plays oly te caging alent power of the wltotive asi prpetntes mtr ie witha tpn Le Scope, the younger gods ser "he worlds «hell™ wore thn the udereld an ‘eth sl of te ving aswell othe mother who represen hi fread ‘who hs tee hecome he naps (3:38). The "whole owe ofthe "tre ofthe wel quiet he ilo ive and motto ppesl 46) Demeter ers eles hat sb at these fe wl” and ‘that Peseone knows moe than she dc (291) Persephone isthe mae sophie of he two genes, a he “kingdom ‘the dds wider than the “ew an pe ea” jot the earth wer ‘han the “Bit il” Olpas Even Demers expert of longa ‘moves her beyond the Bland ignorance of tego so Persephone diet ‘perience of morality gives era authority er ah ane Chi (290-91). Ont other hand, Demceas the last ward Her omer emotionally snd wie ‘npingsymphies mae ers mere tooching nd deal eff chars "han er post, biter nog, ott the eae a teen tr ete vison an wo scours: Death doe make ones fi the “wees fe) ‘Soa? subvert “the secret whisper ofthe wheal” but the wheat hip se Wha’ ovmnplce Book fe 1908 ined muro sheptin and ant ria qn Le 20) ‘Sera at om rine in Geman cre ters 9-20. on andthe slat stent of Whar’ nl tn tone sts the de’

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