Name : Putika Ashfar Khoiri (28J16118)

Email : putika@civil.osaka-u.ac.jp
Computational of Fluid Dynamics
Assignment 1

Problem 1
Derive a discretised equation of below equation incase that 2nd order
central difference approximation is applied for 1st order differential and 2nd
order differential for spatial discretetization and Euler emplicit scheme is
applied for time integration.

f f 2 f
+a =v 2
t x x

2 f f
We got the simple approximation for equation v 2
+a =0
x x

f
1. For the first derivative case a , we use control difference
x
approximation, the differential of a function f(x) is define as

f f ( x+ x)
= lim (1)
x x 0 x

f ( x + x ) can be expressed by using Taylor series expansion

f 1 2 f
f ( x + x )=f ( x ) + + 2
x 2 +
x 2! x

1 3 f 3 1 4 f 4 1 5 f
3
x + 4
x + 5
x 5+O( x 6) .(2)
3! x 4! x 5! x

Then if we substitute the equation (2) into the equation (1) and
derive, it will become
f ( x+ x )f ( x) f 1 2 f 1 3 f 2 1 4 f 3 1 5 f 4
= + x + x + x + x +
x x 2 ! x2 3 ! x3 4 ! x4 5 ! x5
5
O( x ) . (3)

Or simply the differential approximation will become

 f f ( x + x )f ( x)
=a =+ O( x ) .. (4)
x x

2 f
2. For the second derivative case v
x2 ,

Taylor series expansion for f ( x + x ) and f ( x x ) are,

f 1 2 f 2
f x + x =f x + +
( ) ( ) 2
x +
x 2! x

1 3 f 3 1 4 f 4 1 5 f 5 6
x + x + x +O( x ) .(2)
3 ! x3 4 ! x4 5 ! x5

f 1 2 f
f ( x x ) =f ( x ) + 2
x 2
x 2! x

1 3 f 3 1 4 f 4 1 5 f
x + x x 5 +O( x 6 ) .(5)
3 ! x3 4 ! x4 5 ! x5

For 2nd order central difference , the Taylor series expression wil
become

f 1 2 f 2
f ( x + x , y ) =f ( x , y ) + x+ 2
x +
x 2! x

1 3 f 3 1 4 f 4 1 5 f 5 6
3
x + 4
x + 5
x +O( x ) (6)
3! x 4! x 5! x

f 1 2 f 2
f x x , y =f x , y
( ) ( ) x+ 2
x
x 2! x

1 3 f 3 1 4 f 4 1 5 f 5 6
x + x x +O( x ) (7)
3 ! x3 4 ! x4 5 ! x5

The 1st derivative becomes

f ( x+ x , y )f (x , y ) f
v = +O( x ) (8)
x x

And the 2nd derivative

 f ( x x , y )

f ( x + x , y ) 2 f ( x , y ) +f (9)
v

f
3. For the time integration case t we use Euler implicit scheme

f
=g ..(10)
t

2 2
with , g=u
u
x
v
u p 1 u u
+ +
y x Rn x 2 y 2 ( ) ..(11)

The application of equation (10) is same as below integration

n +1
f n+1= g t ..(12)
n

Therefore it can derive at

f n +1f n
=g n+1 (13)
t

Problem 2
Examine the stability applying von Neumanns stability analysis to this
discretised equation
2
f f f
+ a =v 2
t x x

In order to satisfy the stability condition, G should be taken in below

values
|G|1 (14)

We simplify the value as follow

f 2 f
c=a and d=v ..(15)
x x2

c n+1 n +1
f in+1f ni + f i+1 f i1 ) =d [ f n+1 ]
n +1
+ f ni1
+1
2
( i+1 f i . (16)
 c n +1 n+1
ni +1 ni + i +1 i1 ) =d [ n+1 i1 ]
n +1
+ n+ 1
2
( i+1 i . (17)

c
En +1 e ijE n eij + ( E n+1 e j (i+1 ) En +1 e j ( i1 ) ) =d [ En+1 e j (i +1) 2 En +1 e ij + En +1 e j( i1) ] ..
2
(18)

( e j2+ e j )
n +1 n c n +1 n +1
E E + ( E )=d E
2

c
(
En=E n+1 1+ ( e j e j ) d (2 cos 2)
2 )
c
(
En=E n+1 1+ ( 2 sin ) +2 d (1cos )
2 )
( 1+C sin ) +2 d (1cos )

n +1 En (19)
E =

So the value of G can be determined by

( 1+C sin ) +2 d (1cos)

1 (20)
G=

For optional phase angel of

1 cos 1 and 1 sin 1 (21)

So, |G|1 (14)