Norma Hypo Hyper Foods

l
Range
Sodium 135 - Causes: hypotonic tube foods, head
Na+ 145 injury, SIADH.
mEq/L Symptoms confusion, tired,
CNS abdominal cramping, increased
changes urination, crave salty foods,
seizures
Interventions :administer saline, give
salty foods (canned veggies).
Dietary always first.
Potassiu 3.5 Causes: vomiting, heavy
m K+ 5.0 perspiration, K wasting drugs (some
mEq/L diuretics) poor intake of K. S&S:
Cardiac cardiac arrythmias, leg cramps (big
changes one), lethargy, decreased GI motility,
decreased bowel sounds, decreased
tendon reflexes, lethargy, depressed
T wave on EKG. Treatment: give K
Total 8.5 Causes: hypoPTH, acute pancreatitis,
Calcium 10.5 hyperphosphatemia, inadequate
Ca 2+ mg/L vitamin D intake. Signs: weak
bones, bad teeth, circum oral
Neuro numbness, +Trousseau & Chvostek
changes sign, severe muscle cramping,
muscle tremors, can progress to
convulsions, decrease cardiac
output, cardiac disrythmias,
hyperactive DTR. Dietary
Magnesiu 1.5 Causes: lots time use of certain drugs
m Mg2+ 2.5 (diuretics), loss from GI tract. Signs:
mEq/L neuromuscular irritability with
Neuro tremors, increased reflexes,
changes tachycardia, disorientation and
confusion, anorexia, difficulty
swallowing, respiratory difficulties.
Extreme most often in maternity
patient have convulsions.
Treatment: foods high in Mg
Causes: fluid loss (diarrhea), water Salty
deprivation, too much saline solution foods
or table salt, heat stroke. Symptom:
crave water, dry sticky mucous
membranes, weakness (more
common here than with hypo), in
severe cases: convulsions,
decreased level of
consciousness. Interventions:
increase water intake, decrease
sodium intake.
Causes: diarrhea, renal failure, K potatoes,
sparing diuretics, hypoaldesteronism. carrots,
Sx: cardiac arrest, muscle meat,
weakness, irregular pulses, GI fish,
hyperactivity Treatment: limit K tomatoes,
intake, increase fluids, give K avocado.
exolate enema, give K wasting
diuretic, dialysis in renal patient.
Causes: hyperPTH. Symptoms: vitamin D,
lethargy and weakness, bone pain, dairy
decrease DTR, constipation, renal products,
stones, heart block. Treatment: dark
increase fluid intake and fiber, green
limit calcium-rich foods, leafy
encourage movement, acid-ash diet vegetable
(cranberries, prunes) helps prevent s
stone formation
Causes: Epsom salts (some abuse as green
laxatives), renal failure and adrenal leafy
patients at risk. Signs: vegetable
vasodilatation, nausea, vomiting, s, fish,
muscle weakness or paralysis, legumes,
hypotension, bradycardia, whole
decreased DTR, respiratory grains,
depression or coma, respiratory and best
cardiac arrest. Treatments: fluids, source is
safety precautions due to potential dried