Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako Vol. 1 No.
1, Januari 2015 : 1 - 10
PRELIMINARY
An inguinal hernia is a surgical case most
after appendicitis. Until now, this is still a
challenge in improving the health status of
the community because of the cost required
in handling and loss of labor due to a slow
recovery and recurrence rate. The amount of
the costs required for the handling of hernia
can also cause the socioeconomic problems.
[1]
Of the cases of all types of abdominal
hernias, 75% of inguinal hernia. Ingunalis
lateral hernia was found about 50% while
the hernia ingunalis medial femoral hernia
25% and about 15% and 10% more
abdominal hernia. [2] Bank Indonesia
Health Ministry data says that based on the
distribution of the digestive system diseases
according to the category of inpatient
hospital in Indonesia since 2004, hernia
ranks 8th with a number of 18 145 cases,
273 of them died. Of the total, 15 051 of
which occur in men and 3,094 cases occur in
women. [3]
According to data from the Central Sulawesi
Provincial Health Office, the number of
cases of inguinal hernia who are hospitalized
in the year 2010 - 2011 is 410 cases. This is
the number of cases of inguinal hernia that
occurs in 6 hospitals in Central Sulawesi.
Palu Anutapura General Hospital is a
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hospital that has the number of cases of
inguinal hernia were hospitalized the period
2010 - 2011 Most ie 269 cases. [4] In 2012,
the number of cases of inguinal hernia who
are hospitalized in the Central Sulawesi is
270 cases.
While the number of cases of inguinal
hernia who are hospitalized in the city of
Palu in 2012 is 244 cases. [5] Therefore, the
authors felt it was important to conduct
research on the characteristics of patients
with inguinal hernia in Palu Anutapura
General Hospital in 2012.
METHOD
This research is a descriptive research.
Implementation of this research was
conducted by analyzing secondary data from
medical records of patients with inguinal
hernia in 2012, and considering the rules and
ethics of doing research. Sampling was done
by purposive sampling techniques, sample
size that have met the inclusion and
exclusion criteria as many as 80 people.
There are eight characteristics were
examined in this study, namely
sociodemographic (age, occupation, and
gender), the chief complaint, classification
based on an exit organ, a classification based
on the nature, recurrence, co-morbidities, the
action and the current state of exit.
Preparations of this data is done by editing,
 Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako Vol. 1 No. 1, Januari 2015 : 1 - 10
coding, entry and tabulating, with the use of
SPSS software version 17. The timing of
this study was conducted in April 2013. The
study was conducted at the General Hospital
Anutapura Palu.
RESULTS
Table 1. Distribution of inguinal hernia
patients according to age groups at the
General Hospital in 2012 Anutapura Palu
Table 1 shows that the age group of patients
with inguinal hernia highest age group> 60
years as many as 28 people (35%), and the
lowest is in the group of 11-20 years of the 1
(1.2%).
Table 2. Distribution of patients with
inguinal hernia according to the job at
General Hospital Anutapura Palu in 2012
Table 2 shows that this class of patients with
inguinal hernia highest job is self-employed
as many as 23 people (28.8%), and the
lowest is in the work of students and
members of the House of Representatives
namely respectively of 1 (1.2%).
Table 3. Distribution of inguinal hernia
patients according to sex at the General
Hospital in 2012 Anutapura Palu
Table 3 shows that the highest groups of
patients with inguinal hernias are inguinal
hernia patients with male sex as many as 79
people (98.8%), while the lowest are the
female sex as many as 1 (1.2%).
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Table 4. Distribution of patients according to
recurrence in inguinal hernia General
Hospital Anutapura Palu in 2012
Table 4 shows that patients who experience
recurrence of inguinal hernia as many as 1
(1.2%) and that did not experience a
recurrence amounted to 79 people (98.8%).
Table 5. Distribution of patients according to
the classification of inguinal hernia organ
discharge lines at the General Hospital in
2012 Anutapura Palu
Table 5 shows that this type of hernia is the
highest classification organ discharge path
experienced by patients with inguinal hernia
is HIL (D) as many as 43 people (53.8%),
and the lowest was HIM (D) and bilateral
inguinal hernia, respectively as many as 1
(1.2%).
Table 6. Distribution of patients with
inguinal hernia by classification properties
Anutapura General Hospital in Palu in 2012
Table 6 shows that the type of hernia highest
classification based on nature experienced
by patients with inguinal hernia is reponibel
many as 66 people (82.5%), and the lowest
was irreponibel (accreta) as many as six
people (7.5%).
Table 7. Distribution of patients with
inguinal hernia by action at the General
Hospital in 2012 Anutapura Palu
 Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako Vol. 1 No. 1, Januari 2015 : 1 - 10
Table 7 shows that the action of the most
widely given to patients with inguinal hernia
is operating as many as 76 people (95%),
and the least was not operating as many as 4
people (5%).
Table 8. Distribution of Inguinal Hernia
Patients According to state on Exit
Anutapura General Hospital in Palu in 2012
Table 8 shows that the current state of
inguinal hernia patients discharged from the
hospital the most is improved by 76 people
(95%), and the least was not improved as
much as 4 people (5%).
Table 9. Distribution of Patients with
inguinal hernias * According to the
accompanying Diseases at the General
Hospital Anutapura Palu Year 2012
Table 9 shows that comorbidities in patients
suffering from an inguinal hernia inguinal
hernia is currently experiencing the most is
hypertension as much as 2 (2.5%) and the
least highly variable, namely DM, paralytic
ileus, appendix vermivormis necrosis,
bronchitis, TB lung, umbilical hernia,
dyspepsia and anemia respectively of 1
(1.2%). Of all patients with inguinal hernias,
there were 70 people (87.5%) who did not
have comorbidities when suffering from an
inguinal hernia.
Table 10. Distribution of patients with
inguinal hernia main complaint according to
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the General Hospital in Palu in 2012
Anutapura
Table 10 shows that the type of the main
complaints that many complained of
inguinal hernia patients treated at the
hospital when the top is a lump in the groin
appeared lost as many as 29 people (36.2%)
and the least is the scrotal sac enlargement
can not be lost as much as 3 people (3.8%)
DISCUSSION
From the age of 30 years, a person will
begin to experience penurununan
physiological function and change - change
in the structure. The decline in physiological
function and structural changes lead to
decreased muscle strength or simply
someone suffering from an illness
including diseases that cause an increase in
intra-abdominal or other diseases is one of
the risk factors of inguinal hernia. Besides
the increasing age of a person, will have
many activities including doing heavy work.
According Sjamsuhidajat and Jong [6], the
incidence of inguinal hernias increases with
age due to increased illness and the hard
work that exalts interabdomen pressure and
reduced the strength of the supporting
network. It was also supported by data from
the Provincial Health Office of Central
Sulawesi that many patients with inguinal
 Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako Vol. 1 No. 1, Januari 2015 : 1 - 10
hernia that has aged> 25 years in 2012. [5]
In previous studies, only performed on
children so that there is no comparative data
for the present study. Sjamsuhidajat and
Jong, [6] states that the self-employed and
farmers is a job that has a high activity level
and is likely to lift heavy loads and done in a
long time that will lead to an increase in
intra-abdominal pressure well in a long time,
which is one factor the risk of inguinal
hernia.
Of all the research that has been done
before, and in theory, stating that men are
more likely to have an inguinal hernia than
women. Research on children by Sondra
Napitupulu [7] in getting the results 39
(84.8%) men and 7 women (15.2%), while
research conducted by Sri Ramadhani, [8]
showed 88% male and 12% female. The
adult male is more active and lift heavy
loads that increase intra-abdominal pressure
is a risk factor for inguinal hernia. [9] While
the boys more often than girls because of the
slow closure or obliteration of processus
vaginalis testis is a path that led to the fall of
the inguinal hernia.
Herniorraphy conducted at research sites are
already using the correct technique so that
cases of recurrence is very rare. Besides
cases of hernia who have a relapse can also
be caused patient is still doing heavy work
Healthy Tadulako Journal
or has a chronic illness that can increase
intra-abdominal pressure after suffering a
recurrence of hernia that can occur. On the
lateral inguinal hernia recurrence is most
often the cause is the closure of the internal
inguinal ring inadequate, such as dissection
of the hernia bag is less than perfect, etc. On
the medial inguinal hernias cause of relapse
is generally due to excessive voltage at the
seams plastic or other flaws in technique. [6]
Earlier studies did not examine the
recurrence rate.
Sondra Napitupulu, [7] states that the
location of most of inguinal hernia is a
lateral inguinal hernia (100%) and the most
that dextra (52.2%). While the results
obtained by the Sri Ramadhani [8] is an
inguinal hernia dextra 64% and 32% of the
left inguinal hernia and bilateral 4%.
Inguinal hernias occur on the right side as
much as 60%, 20-25% left side, and bilateral
15%. [6] A total of 65% a lateral inguinal
hernia and 35% a medial inguinal hernia.
[10] This occurs because the process of
testicular descent, testis to the right of the
last decline and usually also the process of
closing of the processus vaginalis does not
happen perfectly.
Causes are more prevalent inguinal hernia
hernia reponibel due to be addressed so that
has not happened adhesions or hernia
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 Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako Vol. 1 No. 1, Januari 2015 : 1 - 10
sufferers have wide rings that do not pinch
the pockets hernia. Inguinal hernias occur
ireponibel accreta because of adhesions due
to fibrosis. Hernia incarcerated (trapped)
when it sandwiched by hernia ring so that
the bag is trapped and can not get back into
the abdominal cavity. [6]
An operation in this case herniorraphy
(herniotomy and hernioplasty) an act gold
standard for patients with inguinal hernia.
[10] While all patients who did not undergo
surgery due to patient refuses to do surgical
therapy. Management of hernia surgery is
good with diagnosis and proper repair
techniques and also timely. This is because
the action operative measures are the most
appropriate for inguinal hernia. The situation
is not improved in the present study due to
inguinal hernia sufferers refuse operative
action and only given conservative treatment
while being treated in hospital.
Research by Ridhuan Ramadan [11] states
that people who suffer from chronic cough
inguinal hernia more than those who do not
suffer from chronic cough. In theory, there is
no discussion about comorbidities
experienced by patients with inguinal hernia.
Seeing the presence or absence of
comorbidities in patients with inguinal
hernia, can be used to see if the length of
stay is influenced by concomitant disease
Healthy Tadulako Journal Page 5
that causes the healing hernia after surgery
because of blocked or comorbidities and not
because of the healing obstructed inguinal
hernia. Morbidities can also be used to
follow up these patients, for example in
patients with chronic cough should also
monitor cough experienced because it would
cause the hernia becomes relapse due to
increased intra-abdominal pressure
continuously.
The major complaint of patients complained
of the emergence of an inguinal hernia bulge
in the crotch of a good that can be lost
during sleep and are not lost even in a state
of sleep. Clinical signs and symptoms of
hernia largely determined by the state of the
contents of the hernia. Inguinal hernias are
commonly found in research today is an
inguinal hernia that is reponibel. In
reponibel hernia complaint only one was a
lump in the groin that appears on standing,
coughing, sneezing, heavy lifting or
straining, and disappeared after lying down
while ireponibel hernia complaints of a lump
in the groin that can not be lost even if lying
down. [6]
CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the results of research on the
characteristics of an inguinal hernia patients
who are hospitalized in the Hospital
 Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako Vol. 1 No. 1, Januari 2015 : 1 - 10
Anutapura Palu in 2012, it can be concluded
as follows:
1. By age, the highest number of patients are
in the age group> 60 years as many as 28
people (35%), and the lowest is in the group
of 11-20 years of the 1 (1.2%).
2. Based on the work, the highest number of
patients had a job as a self-employed as
many as 23 people (28.8%), the second is
the farmer as many as 22 people (27.5%)
and the lowest is the work of students and
members of the House are each as much as 1
(1.2%).
3. In terms of gender, the number of patients
with inguinal hernia that most male sex as
much as 79 people (98.8%), while the
lowest are the female sex as many as 1
(1.2%).
4. Based on the recurrence, patients who
relapsed by 1 person (1.2%) and the did not
have a relapse amounted to 79 people
(98.8%).
5. Based on the classification according to
exit the path hernia organ, the most common
type suffered by patients with inguinal
hernia is HIL (D) as many as 43 people
(53.8%), and the lowest was HIM (D) and
bilateral HIL respectively by 1 people
(1.2%).
6. Based on the classification by their
nature, are mostly experienced by patients
Healthy Tadulako Journal Page 6
with inguinal hernia is reponibel many as 66
people (82.5%), and the lowest was
irreponibel (accreta) as many as six people
(7.5%).
7. Under the action is given in patients with
inguinal hernia, the most widely given to
patients with inguinal hernia is operating as
many as 76 people (95%), and the least was
not operating as many as 4 people (5%).
8. Based on the current state out of the
hospital, state the most is improved by 76
people (95%), and the least was not
improved as much as 4 people (5%).
9. Based on comorbidities, which dididerita
by patients with inguinal hernia inguinal
hernia is currently experiencing the most is
hypertension as much as 2 (2.5%) and the
least highly variable, namely DM, paralytic
ileus, appendix vermivormis necrosis,
bronchitis, pulmonary tuberculosis ,
umbilical hernia, dyspepsia and anemia
respectively of 1 (1.2%). Of all patients with
hernia inguinal, there were 70 people
(87.5%) who did not have comorbidities
when suffering from an inguinal hernia.
10. Under the main complaint, which many
complained of inguinal hernia patients
currently treated at the hospital was a lump
in the groin appeared lost as many as 29
people (36.2%) and the least is the scrotal
 Jurnal Kesehatan Tadulako Vol. 1 No. 1, Januari 2015 : 1 - 10
sac enlargement can not be lost as many as
three (3 , 8%).
Suggestions for institutional hospitals to
improve health services, especially for
doctors to provide good service and the right
to all patients inguinal hernia good at
providing action and provide information
and education to patients and families about
inguinal hernia and follow up the patient's
good for hernia or comorbidities that could
lead to a relapse if any. It is also expected to
be able to write medical record with
complete and clear.
Expected to public attention to signs that
look for inguinal hernia and immediately
went to avoid any complications and a poor
prognosis if it is given too late action. For
people with age> 30 years that are not often
lift heavy loads alone but raised by some
people or lift heavy loads with the aid of a
conveyance, especially for men who are at
greater risk so as not to increase intra-
abdominal pressure. Communities do not
take action themselves and even non-
medical treatment that would endanger the
person's condition because of a hernia can
only be cured by operative action which is
the gold standard measure of inguinal
hernia.
Expected government and employers pay
more attention to financing health and safety
Healthy Tadulako Journal
of employees, especially for inguinal hernia
since a long healing process that will lose
employment as a result of a slow recovery
and recurrence rate. It should also be noted
that job support tools are used so that the
workers can work easily. There should be
more research on the characteristics of
inguinal hernia as well as the relationship
between these characteristics.
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