Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation,

and Optimization

Classroom Materials
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

MAPP Online Pro

Download
MAPP Online Pro can be downloaded from: http://mapponlinepro.meyersound.com/pro/

Username and Password

Sign up for your MAPP Online Pro username and password at: http://www.meyersound.com/products/mapponline/pro/register/

MAPP will ask once for a Username and Password when you click PREDICT. If you do not have your own username and
password, you can use the following until next Monday only:

Username: __________________

Password: __________________
(expires Monday)

Launching After Initial Download

MAPP is a Java application. After you download MAPP you should create a desktop shortcut to launch MAPP, if one was not
automaticity created when MAPP was downloaded

WINDOWS
To create a desktop icon for Java Webstart:
1. Go to: C:\Program Files\Java\<current version folder name>\bin
Replace <current version folder name> with the name of the folder containing the
most recent version of Java for Windows, jre6 for example in JAN 2009.
2. Create a shortcut to javaws.exe and place it on your desktop.
3. Select the shortcut and right-click to view its Properties.
4. At the end of the Target line, add -viewer with quotations
(Figure 1).
5. Click OK and launch the shortcut. The Java Control Panel will launch along with
the Java Cache Viewer.
6. From the Java Cache Viewer select MAPP Online Pro, but do not launch the
program (Figure 2).
7. Right-click and select Install Shortcuts or click on the Install Shortcuts Icon Figure 1

OS X - Java Version 12.3.0 Standard Edition 6

1. <SPOTLIGHT> Java Preferences
2. click <NETWORK> tab at top of window
3. click <View Cache Files...> in lower-right of window
4. <RIGHT-CLICK> on MAPP Online Pro application
5. Select Install Shortcuts Figure 2

6. Select Location for shortcut

7. Launch MAPP Online Pro from new shortcut

See MeyerSound.com > Products > Acoustic Prediction > MAPP Online Pro > Java and OS Tips for further information.

2
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Formulas

Speed of Sound at Various Temperatures

Speed of Sound = 331.4 m/s + (0.607 x C)
1051.866 f/s + (1.106 x F)

@ -46 F = 1000 ft/sec @ -2 C = 330 m/sec

@ 44 F = 1100 ft/sec @ 14 C = 340 m/sec
@ 68 F = 1127 ft/sec @ 20 C = 344 m/sec
@ 134 F = 1200 ft/sec @ 30 C = 350 m/sec

Wavelength Metric
Wavelength = Speed of Sound/Frequency

344 m/sec 344 m/sec 344 m/sec

W= W= W=
100 Hz 1,000 Hz 10,000 Hz
W of 100 Hz = 3.4 m W of 1,000 Hz = 34 cm W of 10,000 Hz = 3.4 cm

Wavelength Imperial
Wavelength = Speed of Sound/Frequency

1127 ft/sec 1127 ft/sec 1127 ft/sec

W= W= W=
100 Hz 1,000 Hz 10,000 Hz
W of 100 Hz = 11.27 ft W of 1,000 Hz = 1.13 ft W of 10,000 Hz = 0.11 ft

Period
Period (sec) = 1/Frequency Frequency = 1/Period (sec)

P = 1/100 Hz P = 1/1,000 Hz P = 1/10,000 Hz

P = .01 sec P = .001 sec P = .0001 sec
P of 100 Hz = 10 msec P of 1,000 Hz = 1 msec P of 10,000 Hz = .1 msec

Summary
100 Hz = 10 ms = 11.3 ft = 3.4 m
1,000 Hz = 1 ms = 1.13 ft = 34 cm
10,000 Hz = .1 ms = .11 ft = 3.4 cm
(.11 ft = 1.36 in)

3
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

4
Wavelength and Period Exercise
Wavelength
Speed of Sound/Frequency
100 Hz 1,000 Hz 10,000 Hz
Period
Period = 1/Frequency
Frequency = 1/Period
100 Hz 1,000 Hz 10,000 Hz
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Quiz: Wavelength
100 Hz = 11.3 ft = 3.4 m Wavelength = Speed of Sound/Frequency
1K = 1.13 ft = 34 cm
10 K = .11 ft = 3.4 cm
(.11 ft = 1.36 in)

6. What is the frequency that has a wavelength of

1. W
 hat is the wavelength of 200 Hz? 22.6 ft or 6.88 m?
A. 5.64 ft 1.72 m A. 50 Hz
B. 2.2 ft .69 m B. 200 Hz
C. 11.3 ft 3.44 m C. 500 Hz
D. 16.9 ft 5.15 m D. 75 Hz

7. What is the frequency that has a wavelength of

2. W
 hat is the wavelength of 4,000 Hz? .23 ft (2.7 in) or 6.9 cm?
A. .85 ft (10.2 in) 26 cm A. 1,250 Hz
B. 4.5 ft 1.38 m B. 5,000 Hz
C. .28 ft (3.4 in) 8.6 cm C. 1,500 Hz
D. 6.76 ft 2.06 m D. 7,500 Hz

8. What is the frequency that has a wavelength of

3. What is the wavelength of 250 Hz? 2.25 ft or 69 cm?
A. 3.4 ft 1.03 m A. 200 Hz
B. 4.5 ft 1.37 m B. 800 Hz
C. 9 ft 2.75 m C. 2,000 Hz
D. .45 ft (5.4 in) 13.7 cm D. 500 Hz

9. What is the frequency that has a wavelength of

4. What is the wavelength of 2,500 Hz? .68 in or 1.7 cm?
A. .45 ft (5.4 in) 13.7 cm A. 20,000 Hz
B. .68 ft (8.1 in) 21 cm B. 5,000 Hz
C. .56 ft (6.8 in) 17 cm C. 750 Hz
D. .23 ft (2.7 in) 6.8 cm D. 500 Hz

10. What is the frequency that has a wavelength of

5. What is the wavelength of 8,000 Hz? .34 ft (4.1 in) or 10.3 cm?
A. .28 ft (3.4 in) 8.6 cm A. 1,750 Hz
B. .17 ft (2 in) 5.2 cm B. 350 Hz
C. 10 ft 3.05 cm C. 5,500 Hz
D. .14 ft (1.7 in) 4.3 cm D. 3,333 Hz

5
Answers to quiz: 1. A | 2. C | 3. B | 4. A | 5. D | 6. A | 7. B | 8. D | 9. A | 10. D
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Quiz: Period

10kHz = .1ms Period = 1/f

1kHz = 1ms Frequency = 1/p
100Hz = 10ms

1. What is the period of 200 Hz? 6. What frequency has a period of 20 ms?
A. 5 ms A. 50 Hz
B. 2 ms B. 200 Hz
C. 10 ms C. 500 Hz
D. 15 ms D. 75 Hz

2. What is the period of 4,000 Hz? 7. What frequency has a period of .2 ms?
A. .75 ms A. 1,250 Hz
B. 4 ms B. 5,000 Hz
C. .25 ms C. 1,500 Hz
D. 6 ms D. 7,500 Hz

3. What is the period of 250 Hz? 8. What frequency has a period of 2 ms?
A. 3 ms A. 200 Hz
B. 4 ms B. 800 Hz
C. 8 ms C. 2,000 Hz
D. .4 ms D. 500 Hz

4. What is the period of 2,500 Hz? 9. What frequency has a period of .05 ms?
A. .4 ms A. 20,000 Hz
B. .6 ms B. 5,000 Hz
C. .5 ms C. 750 Hz
D. .2 ms D. 500 Hz

5. What is the period of 8,000 Hz? 10. What frequency has a period of .3 ms?
A. .25 ms A. 1,750 Hz
B. .15 ms B. 350 Hz
C. 3.14 ms C. 5,500 Hz
D. .125 ms D. 3,333 Hz

6
Answers to quiz: 1. A | 2. C | 3. B | 4. A | 5. D | 6. A | 7. B | 8. D | 9. A | 10. D
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Audio Reference

Temperature Speed of Sound

68 F 1,127.00 f/s 0.89 msec/ft
20 C 343.54 m/s 2.91 msec/m

Speed of Sound
Wavelength
Period of = Frequency
(distance)
One Cycle
Hz (p=1/f) Yards Feet Inches Meters Centimeters
20.00 50.00 ms 18.78 56.35 676.26 17.18 1717.70
25.00 40.00 ms 15.03 45.08 541.01 13.74 1374.16
31.50 31.75 ms 11.93 35.78 429.37 10.91 1090.60
40.00 25.00 ms 9.39 28.18 338.13 8.59 858.85
50.00 20.00 ms 7.51 22.54 270.50 6.87 687.08
63.00 15.87 ms 5.96 17.89 214.69 5.45 545.30
80.00 12.50 ms 4.70 14.09 169.06 4.29 429.42
100.00 10.00 ms 3.76 11.27 135.25 3.44 343.54
125.00 8.00 ms 3.01 9.02 108.20 2.75 274.83
160.00 6.25 ms 2.35 7.04 84.53 2.15 214.71
200.00 5.00 ms 1.88 5.64 67.63 1.72 171.77
250.00 4.00 ms 1.50 4.51 54.10 1.37 137.42
315.00 3.17 ms 1.19 3.58 42.94 1.09 109.06
400.00 2.50 ms 0.94 2.82 33.81 0.86 85.88
500.00 2.00 ms 0.75 2.25 27.05 0.69 68.71
630.00 1.59 ms 0.60 1.79 21.47 0.55 54.53
800.00 1.25 ms 0.47 1.41 16.91 0.43 42.94
1000.00 1.00 ms 0.38 1.13 13.53 0.34 34.35
1250.00 0.80 ms 0.30 0.90 10.82 0.27 27.48
1600.00 0.63 ms 0.23 0.70 8.45 0.21 21.47
2000.00 0.50 ms 0.19 0.56 6.76 0.17 17.18
2500.00 0.40 ms 0.15 0.45 5.41 0.14 13.74
3150.00 0.32 ms 0.12 0.36 4.29 0.11 10.91
4000.00 0.25 ms 0.09 0.28 3.38 0.09 8.59
5000.00 0.20 ms 0.08 0.23 2.71 0.07 6.87
6300.00 0.16 ms 0.06 0.18 2.15 0.05 5.45
8000.00 0.13 ms 0.05 0.14 1.69 0.04 4.29
10000.00 0.10 ms 0.04 0.11 1.35 0.03 3.44
12500.00 0.08 ms 0.03 0.09 1.08 0.03 2.75
16000.00 0.06 ms 0.02 0.07 0.85 0.02 2.15

7
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Sine Function
1 Cycle = 360

2/3 3/4 1
240 270 360

0 1/4 1/3 1/2

90 120 180

90

120

180

240

270

360

8
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Sine Function
1 Cycle = 360
Wavelength = Speed of Sound/Frequency

2/3 3/4 1

f 240 270 360

0 1/4 1/3 1/2

90 120 180

3/4 1
fx2 270 360

0 1/4 1/2
90 180

3/4 1
270 360
fx4 0 1/4 1/2
90 180

9
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

10
Audio Reference: Frequency, Phase, Wavelength and Period
120 of 120 of 120 of 180 of 180 of 180 of 240 of 240 of 240 of 360 of 360 of 360 of
one cycle one cycle one cycle one cycle one cycle one cycle one cycle one cycle one cycle one cycle one cycle one cycle
distance distance time distance distance time distance distance time distance distance time
Hz (feet) (meters) (msec) (feet) (meters) (msec) (feet) (meters) (msec) (feet) (meters) (msec)
20.00 18.78 ft 5.73 m 16.67 ms 28.18 ft 8.59 m 25.00 ms 37.57 ft 11.45 m 33.33 ms 56.35 ft 17.18 m 50.00 ms
25.00 15.03 ft 4.58 m 13.33 ms 22.54 ft 6.87 m 20.00 ms 30.06 ft 9.16 m 26.67 ms 45.08 ft 13.74 m 40.00 ms
31.50 11.93 ft 3.64 m 10.58 ms 17.89 ft 5.45 m 15.87 ms 23.85 ft 7.27 m 21.16 ms 35.78 ft 10.91 m 31.75 ms
40.00 9.39 ft 2.86 m 8.33 ms 14.09 ft 4.29 m 12.50 ms 18.78 ft 5.73 m 16.67 ms 28.18 ft 8.59 m 25.00 ms
50.00 7.51 ft 2.29 m 6.67 ms 11.27 ft 3.44 m 10.00 ms 15.03 ft 4.58 m 13.33 ms 22.54 ft 6.87 m 20.00 ms
63.00 5.96 ft 1.82 m 5.29 ms 8.95 ft 2.73 m 7.94 ms 11.93 ft 3.64 m 10.58 ms 17.89 ft 5.45 m 15.87 ms
80.00 4.70 ft 1.43 m 4.17 ms 7.04 ft 2.15 m 6.25 ms 9.39 ft 2.86 m 8.33 ms 14.09 ft 4.29 m 12.50 ms
100.00 3.76 ft 1.15 m 3.33 ms 5.64 ft 1.72 m 5.00 ms 7.51 ft 2.29 m 6.67 ms 11.27 ft 3.44 m 10.00 ms
125.00 3.01 ft 0.92 m 2.67 ms 4.51 ft 1.37 m 4.00 ms 6.01 ft 1.83 m 5.33 ms 9.02 ft 2.75 m 8.00 ms
160.00 2.35 ft 0.72 m 2.08 ms 3.52 ft 1.07 m 3.13 ms 4.70 ft 1.43 m 4.17 ms 7.04 ft 2.15 m 6.25 ms
200.00 1.88 ft 0.57 m 1.67 ms 2.82 ft 0.86 m 2.50 ms 3.76 ft 1.15 m 3.33 ms 5.64 ft 1.72 m 5.00 ms
250.00 1.50 ft 0.46 m 1.33 ms 2.25 ft 0.69 m 2.00 ms 3.01 ft 0.92 m 2.67 ms 4.51 ft 1.37 m 4.00 ms
315.00 1.19 ft 0.36 m 1.06 ms 1.79 ft 0.55 m 1.59 ms 2.39 ft 0.73 m 2.12 ms 3.58 ft 1.09 m 3.17 ms
400.00 0.94 ft 0.29 m 0.83 ms 1.41 ft 0.43 m 1.25 ms 1.88 ft 0.57 m 1.67 ms 2.82 ft 0.86 m 2.50 ms
500.00 0.75 ft 0.23 m 0.67 ms 1.13 ft 0.34 m 1.00 ms 1.50 ft 0.46 m 1.33 ms 2.25 ft 0.69 m 2.00 ms
630.00 0.60 ft 0.18 m 0.53 ms 0.89 ft 0.27 m 0.79 ms 1.19 ft 0.36 m 1.06 ms 1.79 ft 0.55 m 1.59 ms
800.00 0.47 ft 0.14 m 0.42 ms 0.70 ft 0.21 m 0.63 ms 0.94 ft 0.29 m 0.83 ms 1.41 ft 0.43 m 1.25 ms
1000.00 0.38 ft 0.11 m 0.33 ms 0.56 ft 0.17 m 0.50 ms 0.75 ft 0.23 m 0.67 ms 1.13 ft 0.34 m 1.00 ms
1250.00 0.30 ft 0.09 m 0.27 ms 0.45 ft 0.14 m 0.40 ms 0.60 ft 0.18 m 0.53 ms 0.90 ft 0.27 m 0.80 ms
1600.00 0.23 ft 0.07 m 0.21 ms 0.35 ft 0.11 m 0.31 ms 0.47 ft 0.14 m 0.42 ms 0.70 ft 0.21 m 0.63 ms
2000.00 0.19 ft 0.06 m 0.17 ms 0.28 ft 0.09 m 0.25 ms 0.38 ft 0.11 m 0.33 ms 0.56 ft 0.17 m 0.50 ms
2500.00 0.15 ft 0.05 m 0.13 ms 0.23 ft 0.07 m 0.20 ms 0.30 ft 0.09 m 0.27 ms 0.45 ft 0.14 m 0.40 ms
3150.00 0.12 ft 0.04 m 0.11 ms 0.18 ft 0.05 m 0.16 ms 0.24 ft 0.07 m 0.21 ms 0.36 ft 0.11 m 0.32 ms
4000.00 0.09 ft 0.03 m 0.08 ms 0.14 ft 0.04 m 0.13 ms 0.19 ft 0.06 m 0.17 ms 0.28 ft 0.09 m 0.25 ms
5000.00 0.08 ft 0.02 m 0.07 ms 0.11 ft 0.03 m 0.10 ms 0.15 ft 0.05 m 0.13 ms 0.23 ft 0.07 m 0.20 ms
6300.00 0.06 ft 0.02 m 0.05 ms 0.09 ft 0.03 m 0.08 ms 0.12 ft 0.04 m 0.11 ms 0.18 ft 0.05 m 0.16 ms
8000.00 0.05 ft 0.01 m 0.04 ms 0.07 ft 0.02 m 0.06 ms 0.09 ft 0.03 m 0.08 ms 0.14 ft 0.04 m 0.13 ms
10000.00 0.04 ft 0.01 m 0.03 ms 0.06 ft 0.02 m 0.05 ms 0.08 ft 0.02 m 0.07 ms 0.11 ft 0.03 m 0.10 ms
12500.00 0.03 ft 0.01 m 0.03 ms 0.05 ft 0.01 m 0.04 ms 0.06 ft 0.02 m 0.05 ms 0.09 ft 0.03 m 0.08 ms
16000.00 0.02 ft 0.01 m 0.02 ms 0.04 ft 0.01 m 0.03 ms 0.05 ft 0.01 m 0.04 ms 0.07 ft 0.02 m 0.06 ms
 Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Adding Two Signals @ One Frequency

Same Level, Polarity, and Frequency

Phase Wheel
360 1 Cycle
0 0 Cycle
+6 dB
322 38
+5.5 dB +5.5 dB

270 90
+3 dB +3 dB

240 120
+0 dB +0 dB

210 150
-6 dB -6 dB
180
-100 dB

Amplitude in dB vs. Degrees

+6 +6
+5.5 +3 +3 +5.5
10 dB 0 0
-6 -6
0 dB

-20 dB

-40 dB

-60 dB

-80 dB

-
-100 dB
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

Constructive Interference Destructive Interference Constructive Interference

11
 Shift
Phase

360
270
240
210
180
150
120
90
0

-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
Summation

80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210
220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220
230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230
240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240
250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260
270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270
280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280
290 290 290 290 290 290 290 290 290
Two Signals Combined

300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300

310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310
320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340
350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350
360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360

-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization

40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40
50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50
60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70
80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80
90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110
120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130
140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140
150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160
170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170
180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180
190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190
200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200
Result

210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 210

220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220 220
230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230 230
240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240
250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250
260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260 260
270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270
280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280
290 290 290 290 290 290 290 290 290
300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310 310
320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320
330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340 340
350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350 350
360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360

+6 dB
+3 dB
+0 dB
-6 dB
- dB
-6 dB
+0 dB
+3 dB
+6 dB
Phase Wheel

90

180
120

360
150

270
240
210
-6 dB

-6 dB

+6 dB
+6 dB

+3 dB
+3 dB

+0 dB
+0 dB

- dB
100 Hz
2 Sources

12
Classroom Materials
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Comb Filter
Summing two signals, containing energy at all frequencies, equal in level, same polarity; different in time.
Time Difference = .25 ms = 360 of 4000 Hz

Combined Amplitude Result

+36 dB
+30 dB
+24 dB
+18 dB frequency of a x 2 = frequency of b
+12 dB
+6 dB
0 dB
-6 dB
-12 dB
-18 dB
-24 dB
-30 dB
-36 dB
32 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 6k 10k 14k 18k

a = signals 180 of difference. b = signals 360 of difference.

First dip in comb filter from low If period is calculated, this
a b
frequency to high. is the time between the two
signals time arrival.

Amount of Phase Difference

180
150
120
90
60
30
0.00
-30
-60
-90
-120
-150
-180
32 63 125 250 500 1k 2k 6k 10k 14k 18k

13
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Plotting Phase
3D Example of Phase Shift generated by 0.25 ms of time offset

When applied to full range

audio signal with equal
level and polarity at all
frequencies.

Linear Scale

Unwrap the tube and add

Vertical lines as visual aids.

Logarithmic Scale

Frequency range
displayed with
logarithmic scale.

14
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Transfer Function Phase Response: Delay and Frequency

Phase response comparison of frequency independent and frequency dependent delay

1 ms of Delay at All Frequencies

0
@ 0 Hz 0
180
@ 500 Hz

1.0 ms 360

540
@ 1.5 kHz
1.0 ms 720

900
@ 2.5 kHz
1.0 ms 1080

1260
@ 3.5 kHz
1.0 ms 1440
1620
@4.5 kHz
1.0 ms 1800
1980
@ 5.5 kHz 32 125 500 2k 8k
Frequency (Hz)

Copyright 2007 Bob McCarthy

Published by Elsevier Ltd.
All rights reserved / Used by permission

15
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

Transfer Function Phase Response: Delay and Frequency

Phase response comparison of frequency independent and frequency dependent delay

Variable Phase Delay Over Frequency

1800
1800 @ 35 Hz
30 ms
1620
@ 50 Hz
1440 10 ms

1260
@ 150 Hz
1080 5.0 ms
900
@ 350 Hz
720 2.5 ms
540
@750 Hz
360 2.0 ms
180
@1250 Hz
.17 ms
0 0
@4250 Hz

32 125 500 2k 8k
Frequency (Hz)

Copyright 2007 Bob McCarthy

Published by Elsevier Ltd.
All rights reserved / Used by permission

16
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

17
Transfer Function Phase: Phase Delay Over Frequency
Application of the phase delay formula to frequency dependent delay
PhHF PhLF 540 - 900 180 - 540 0 - 180
360 360 360 360
T = T = T = T =
FHF FLF 750 - 350 1250 - 750 4250 - 1250
Change in phase -360 -360 -180
360 360 360 360
T = T = T = T =
Change in frequency 400 500 3000
T = Phase delay T = -.0025 (-2.5 ms) T = -.002 (-2.0 ms) T = -.00017 (-0.17 ms)
+ 180
Phase
+ 120
+ 60
+ 0
- 60
- 120 900 540 180 0
@ 350 Hz @ 750 Hz @ 1250 Hz @ 4250 Hz
- 180
32 63 125 250 500 1.0k 2.0k 4.0k 8.0k 16k
Copyright 2007 Bob McCarthy
Published by Elsevier Ltd.
All rights reserved / Used by permission
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

18
Speaker Array Types
Coupled Uncoupled
Line Source
Splay angle = 0 degrees
All units oriented in parallel.
No point of virtual origin or destination.
Point Source
Splay angle = > 0 degrees
All units splayed outward to make virtual
point source behind the speakers.
Point Destination
Splay angle = < 0 degrees
All units splayed inward to make virtual
destination point ahead of the speakers.
Copyright 2007 Bob McCarthy
Published by Elsevier Ltd.
All rights reserved / Used by permission
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials

19
SIM3 Patching
Excitation Correction Object of measurement
Input
Signal
Processor
Loudspeaker In Room
with Measurement
Microphone
Line Line
Mic
Input 1 Input 2
Processor Speaker + Room
Result
Fundamentals of System Design, Implementation, and Optimization Classroom Materials
MAPP Online Pro: SHORTCUT KEYS
MAPP Online Pro: Shortcut Keys
For the user who prefers to use shortcut keys, most of the commands used in MAPP Online Pro
For
canthe
beuser who prefers
accessed by toway
use of
shortcut keys,key
shortcut moststrokes.
of the commands used in items
The following MAPP Online
listedPro canare
here be accessed
unique to
by way of shortcut key strokes. The following items listed here are unique to different operations systems.
different operating systems.

Menu Command Windows Macintosh

File New Project Control N N
Open Project... Control O O
Save Project Control S S
Save Project As... Control Shift N Shift N
Export Graphics Control Shift G Shift G
Page Setup Control Shift P Shift P
Print Control P P
Edit Undo Control Z Z
Redo Control Y Y
Delete Control E E
Select All Control A A
Deselect Control D D
Reselect Control Shift D Shift D
View Center Line Control Shift L Shift L
Zoom In Control = =
Zoom Out Control - -
Zoom to Extents Control 0 0
Insert Architectural Visual Aid Control K K
Multi-Level Visual Aid Control J J
Settings Prediction Plane Control Shift R Shift R
Device Configuration Control Shift C Shift C
Natural Environment Control Shift E Shift E
Measurement Units Control Shift U Shift U
Sound Field SPL Range Control Alt 6 6
Tools Select Tool Control 6 6
Zoom Tool Control 7 7
Rotate Tool Control 8 8
Architecture Tool Control 9 9
Project Report Control 1 1
Loudspeaker System Report Control 2 2
Predict Control R R

20