Review Outline: Chapter 7

Cellular Basis of Inheritance

Reproduction
Asexual
mitosis
Single parent
Identical off-spring
Sexual
meiosis, gamete formation, fertilization
Two parents
Genetic variation among off-spring

Meiosis
Reduction: diploid to haploid
Division: two rounds of division (makes 4 cells)

Meiosis I (prophase I, prometaphase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I)

Pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I
Crossing over during prophase I
Independent assortment during metaphase I
Separation of homologous chromosomes during anaphase I

Meiosis II (prophase II, prometaphase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II)
Separation of sister chromatids during anaphase II

Results of meiosis 1 parent diploid germ cell 4 haploid non-identical daughter cells

Errors in Meiosis
Disorders in Chromosome Number
Non-disjunction
Trisomy and monosomy
Trisomy 21
Sex chromosomes

Chromosome Structural Rearrangements

Duplication
Deletion
Translocation
Inversion

Life Cycles of Sexually Reproducing Organisms

Animals
Diploid-dominant, gametic meiosis

Fungi
Haploid-dominant, zygotic meiosis
Plants
Alternation of generations, sporic meiosis
Flower structure and function