Mechanism of Muscular Contraction based on the Sliding Filament Hypothesis
Acetylcholine is released by the motor neurone, combines with the receptors on
the sacrolemma of the muscle fibre, causing depolarisation and an action potential. Action potential spreads along the T tubules of the muscle fibre, releasing calcium ions from the sacroplasmic reticulum throughout the muscle fibre. The calcium ions bind to the troponin, and reaarange the troponin-tropomyosin complexes, exposing the binding site on the actin filaments, for the attachment of the myosin heads. ATP attached to the myosin head is hydrolysed into ADP and inorganic phosphate. The high-energy myosin head binds to the exposed active on the actin filament forming cross-bridge. ADP and inorganic phosphate are released from the myosin head. The myosin head bends at 45 and propels the actin filament sliding over myosin filaments . This is known as power stroke. The actin filament is pulled towards the centre of the sacromere. A new ATP binds to the myosin head and the myosin head detaches from the actin filament. The movement has been likened to a rachet mechanism and the sequence from paragraph 2 is repeated if there is sufficient calcium ions. Each time the myosin head detaches and attaches, the muscle shortens. When the impulse ceases, acetylcholinesterase inactivates acetylcholine. The muscle fibre return to resting state. Mechanism of Muscular Contraction based on the Sliding Filament Hypothesis
(1)______________ is released by the motor neurone, combines with the
receptors on the (2)______________ of the muscle fibre, causing depolarisation and an action potential. Action potential spreads along the (3)______________ of the muscle fibre, releasing calcium ions from the (4)______________ throughout the muscle fibre. The calcium ions bind to the (5)______________, and reaarange the (6)______________ complexes, exposing the binding site on the actin filaments, for the attachment of the (7)______________. ATP attached to the myosin head is (8)______________ into ADP and inorganic phosphate. The (9)______________ myosin head binds to the (10)______________ active on the actin filament forming (11)______________. ADP and (12)______________ are released from the myosin head. The myosin head bends at 45 and propels the actin filament sliding over myosin filaments . This is known as (13)______________. The actin filament is pulled towards the centre of the (14)______________. A new (15)______________ binds to the myosin head and the myosin head (16)______________ from the actin filament. The movement has been likened to a (17)______________ and the sequence from paragraph 2 is repeated if there is sufficient (18)______________. Each time the myosin head detaches and attaches, the muscle (19)______________. When the impulse ceases, acetylcholinesterase inactivates acetylcholine. The muscle fibre return to (20)______________.