Physics

CHAPTER THREE : CHAPTER REVIEW ANSWERS

Grade 12

1. What characterizes an object's motion as simple

6. What is the total distance traveled by an object
harmonic?
moving back and forth in simple harmonic motion
Oscillation about an equilibrium position in in a time interval equal to its period when its
which a restoring force is proportional to amplitude is equal to A?
displacement. Consider the mass on a spring, beginning at rest at
x=A.
2. Does the acceleration of a simple harmonic
oscillator remain constant during its motion? Is As the spring restores the mass, it travels a
the acceleration ever zero? Explain. distance A.
As the mass travels further due to its inertia,
No, acceleration changes throughout the straining the spring again, it travels a distance
oscillators motion. It is zero at the equilibrium A.
position and greatest at maximum As the spring restores the mass again, it travels
displacement. a distance A.
As the mass travels due to its inertia, returning
3. What is the type of energy of a pendulum bob to the initial position, it travels a distance A.
before it is released? How does the energy of the
bob change as it swings through one full cycle of Four distances of A, thus the total distance
motion? traveled during its oscillation period is 4*A.
Gravitational potential energy;
When the bob is released,
PE = max and KE = 0.
At the bottom of its swing,
Conceptual questions
KE = max and PE = 0.
7. What happens to the period of a simple
pendulum when the pendulum's length is doubled?
4. An ideal mass-spring system vibrating with
What happens when the suspended mass is
simple harmonic motion would oscillate
doubled?
indenitely. Explain why.
An ideal mass-spring system would only be
ideal if there was no outside interference with
the simple harmonic motion. In an ideal
system, any friction, heat, or sound created =L
from the system are negligible, along with the
mass of the spring, etc. If the mass-spring
system is isolated, or ideal, then there would be
no dampening of the oscillation and the mass
would oscillate indefinitely

5. In a simple pendulum, the weight of the bob can

be divided into two components, one tangent to
the bob's direction of motion and the other
perpendicular to the bob's direction of motion.
Which of these is the restoring force? Explain
why? =

The tangent component(Fg.sin); it always 2 times as long
pulls the bob toward the equilibrium position
 Physics
CHAPTER THREE : CHAPTER REVIEW ANSWERS
Grade 12
=2L
=
pendulum vary as the plane rises from the ground
= =
Change in mass wont affect it.
=
8. A pendulum bob is made with a ball lled with
water. What would happen to the frequency of
vibration of this pendulum if a hole in the ball
allowed water to slowly leak out?
Frequency wont change because it doesn't
depend on mass
9. If a pendulum clock keeps perfect time at the
base of a mountain, will it also keep perfect time
when moved to the top of the mountain? Explain.
The acceleration due to gravity varies with
height away from the earth's center of gravity.
In particular, there is less gravity as you move
higher on earth. Some parts of the earth have
9.8 m/s/s accelerations, while other parts of the
earth are closer to 9.85 m/s/s.
So, if you move the clock to the top of a (very
tall) mountain and start the pendulum going, it
will accelerate toward the earth more slowly.
That is, its period will be increased. It will
"tick" more slowly.
10. If a clock is running slow, how can you adjust
the length of the pendulum to correct the time?
By increasing the length of the pendulum.
11. A simple pendulum can be used as an
altimeter on a plane. How will the period of the
to its nal cruising altitude of 1.00x104m?
The time period of the simple pendulum varies
with the length of the pendulum, plus the
distance from the point.
12. Will the period of a vibrating mass-spring
system on m? Earth be different from the period
of an identical mass-spring system on the moon?
Why or why not?
No, it will be the same. The period depends
only on the ratio of the spring constant and the
mass, unlike the period of a pendulum, which
depends on the ratio of its length to the
acceleration of gravity (g) - the latter is much
smaller on the Moon
13. A pendulum that moves through its
equilibrium position one every 1.000 s is
sometimes called a "seconds pendulum."
a. What is the period of any seconds pendulum?
b. In Karkouk, a seconds pendulum is 0.9942 m
long. What is the free-fall acceleration in
Karkouk.
c. In Tokyo, Japan, a seconds pendulum is 0.9927
m long. What is the free-fall acceleration in
Tokyo?
 Physics
CHAPTER THREE : CHAPTER REVIEW ANSWERS
Grade 12

I would solve this problem by starting from the

equation for a pendulum's period:

=

Rearranging for g, and substituting the length in
Karkouk,:

=
,
= . = , m/s

And for Tokyo:

=
,
= = 9.798 m/s
.

a. 2.000s b. 9.812 m/s2 c. 9.798 m/s2 17. The gure below depicts a pulse wave
traveling on a spring.

14.A spring with a spring constant of 1.8x102 N/m

is attached to a 1.5 kg mass and then set in
motion.
a. What is the period of the mass-spring system?
b. What is the frequency of the vibration?
, b. Is this wave transverse of longitudinal?
Period = , = ,
Frequency = = , = ,
Review questions
15. What is common to all waves?
Some things that all waves have in common are
that it is a traveling disturbance and it carries
energy from one place to another. Waves can
come in three forms, either through sound,
light, or water. Generally, ocean waves or
water waves are affected by wind.
16. How do transverse and longitudinal waves
differ?
In Transverse wave particles travel
perpendicular to the wave, but in longitudinal
particles travel parallel
a. In which direction are the particles of the
medium vibrating?
perpendicular to the wave (up and down)
Transverse wave
18. In a stretched spring, several coils are pinched
together and others are spread farther apart than
usual. What sort of wave is this?
A Longitudinal wave includes several coils
pinched together and others are spread farther
apart than usual. This occurs in stretched
springs, strings
19. If you shook the end of a rope up and down
three times each second, what would be the period
of the waves set up in the rope? What would be
the frequency?
There are 3 vibrational cycles in 1 second so
the frequency (f) is 3 Hz, the number of cycles
per second is 3 so the period(T) is 1/3 s.
 Physics
CHAPTER THREE : CHAPTER REVIEW ANSWERS
Grade 12

20. How does a single point on a string move as a

transverse wave passes by that point?

The string moves up and down while the wave

travels from the right to left or left to right.

21. What happens to the wavelength of a wave on

a string when the frequency is doubled? What
happens to the speed of the wave?
1
1 = and 2 = = The
2 2

1
wavelength decreases by 1/2. The speed of the
wave remains the same.
22. Why do sound waves need a medium through 26. Microwaves travel at the speed of
which to travel? light,3x108m/s when the frequency of microwaves
9x109m/s, what is their wavelength?
Sound waves are just vibration. If there is no
medium, then there is no vibration, so no
sound.

23. Two tuning forks with frequencies of 256 Hz

and 512 Hz are struck. Which of the sounds will
move faster through the air?

neither, because the speed of sound is constant

in air
24. What is one advantage of transferring energy
by electromagnetic waves? 27. Using the superposition principal, draw the
resultant waves for each of the examples below.
They can transport large amounts of energy
rapidly.

25.A wave traveling in the positive X direction

with a frequency of 25.0 Hz is shown in the gure
below.

28. What is the difference between constructive

interference and destructive interference?
In constructive interference, individual
displacements are on the same side of the
Find the following values for this wave: equilibrium position. In destructive
a. amplitude b. wavelength interference, the individual displacements are
c. period d. speed on opposite sides of the equilibrium
position.
 Physics
CHAPTER THREE : CHAPTER REVIEW ANSWERS
Grade 12

29. Which one of the waveforms shown below is

the resultant waveform?

MIXED REVIEW

35. Lawand dips his nger into a pan of water

twice each second, producing waves with crests
that are separated by 0.15 m. Determine the
Y3 is the resultant waveform. frequency, period, and speed of these water
30. Rami sends a series of pulses of amplitude 24 waves.
cm down a string that is attached to a post at one
end. Assuming the pulses are reected with no
loss of amplitude, what is the amplitude at a point
on the string where two pulses are crossing if:
a. the string is rigidly attached to the post?
0 cm
b. the end at which reection occurs is free to 36. The notes produced by a vibrating string range
slide up and down? in frequency from approximately 196 Hz to 2637
48 cm Hz. Find the possible range of wavelengths in air
produced by this string when the speed of sound
Conceptual questions in air is 340 m/s.
31. Can more than two waves interfere in a given
medium?
Yes, they would form a resultant wave

32. What is the resultant displacement at a where

destructive interference is complete?

It is Zero .

33. When two waves interfere, can the resultant

wave be larger than either of the two original
waves? If so, under what conditions?

yes; when constructive interference occurs.

37. What is the free-fall acceleration in a location
34. Which of the following wavelengths will where the period of a 0.850 in long pendulum is
produce standing waves on a string that is 3.5 m, 1.86 s?
long?
a. 1.75 m
b. 3.5 m
C. 5.0 m
d. 7.0 m

a, b, and d (l = 0.5L, L, and

2L, respectively)
 Physics
CHAPTER THREE : CHAPTER REVIEW ANSWERS
Grade 12

38. A certain pendulum clock that works perfectly

on Earth is taken to the moon, where gm = 1.63
m/s2. if the clock is started at 12:00 A.M., what
will it read m after 24.0 h have passed on Earth?