PHY 517

Dr.Farida Tahir

Physics Department
CIIT, Islamadad
All of physics is either impossible
or trivial. It is impossible until you
understand it, and then it becomes
trivial
Some Facts

Physics: Theory built on experimental data

.it doesnt matter how beautiful your

Theory is, it doesnt matter how smart you are

If it doesnt agree with Experiment, its wrong.
- R.P. Feynman
 Theoretical Framework
Macroscopic Microscopic

slow Classical Mechanics Quantum Mechanics

Fast Special Relativity Quantum Field Theory

 frist Goal

Describe the orders of magnitude encountered in

Particle (High Energy) physics
Dene units
Introduce the language needed for studying
Particle (High Energy) phenomena.
 2nd Goal

To explore the beauty of symmetries.

Develop the relationship between
symmetries and conserve quantities.
 3rd Goal

To understand , Does really God like

Grouping.
Exploit the properties of group for the
development of the theory, which has
high predictive power .
 Ultimate Goal
Standard Model
The standard Model is a collection of related
Gauge Theories which are Quantum field
Theories that satisfy Local Gauge Invariance

Abdus Salam Steven Weinberg

Sheldon Lee Glashow
 What is Standard Model
Collection of Gauge Theories

1. Electromagnetism: Quantum Electrodynamics(QED)

1948 Feynman, Schwinger, Tomonaga (1965 Noble Prize)

2. Electromagnetism + Weak: Electroweak Unification

1968 Glashow, Weinberg, Salam (1979 Noble Prize)

3. Strong: Quantum Cromodynamics(QCD)

1974 Politzer, Wilczek, Gross (2004 Noble Prize)
 Noble Laureates
QED
1965
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga Julian Schwinger Richard P. Feynman

QCD
2004
David J. Gross H. David Politzer Frank Wilczek
 Phenomena in the universe are ruled by two long-
range forces, gravity and electromagnetism.
e.g Biology, chemistry, and atomic and solid-state
physics are dominated by the long-range
electromagnetic force.
while
strong and the weak vanish at atomic
and larger distances i.e very short range.
Par ticle physics, however, is a subtle interplay of
three interactions
the strong,
the electromagnetic,
the weak
strong and the weak vanish at atomic and larger
distances.
The strong (or hadronic, or nuclear) force holds
nuclei together; its range is very short, but it is
strong. The weak interaction has an even shorter
range
 In order to get the idea of the orders of magnitude
involved in the various phenomena.
 Motivation
Introduction to Particle(high Energy)
Physics point particles

Quintessential properties of Point particles

Fermion (Spin 1/2) Why

Plan

Dirac Equation
Chirality and Helicity
Properties: Introduction to Quantum
Numbers
Bound States
Symmetries and Conservation Laws
Interaction: Bound States
Feynman Calculus
Cross-section
Decay Rates
Questions?
PARTICLE PARTICLE I
PHY 517