Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.

a. Center of Origin

Vavilov Principles:

Diploid cotton is found at Old World, Central Asia Center

Tetraploid cotton is found at New World, Mexico

b. Center of Diversity

Diploid cotton is found across Africa, Asia Manor, Mexico and Australia

Tetraploid cotton is found in Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Hawaii, and Galapagos Islands

c. Geographical distribution and climatic adaptations

Old Word

New World
d. Proposed progenitor(s) of the crop

Gossypium yucatanense

e. Changes in morphology of the crop

f. Changes in chromosome member

 Diploid 2n=2x=26 chromosomes (43 species, include G. arboreum and G. herbaceum)

Tetraploid 2n=4x=52 chromosomes (7 species, include G. hirsutum and G. barbadense)

g. Comparison of the progenitor(s) and the crop

Compared to the progenitor species G. arboretum and G. raimondii, upland cotton has not only
developed longer, stronger and finer fibers, but has also adapted to more diverse environments.
However, the genomic basis of this is largely unknown.

h. Wild relatives

Species of Genome Distribution

DIPLOID 2n=26
G. africanum A Africa
G. anomalum B1 Africa
G. triphyllum B2 Africa
G. barbosanum B3 Cape Verede
G. capitis-viridis B4 Australia
G. sturtianum C1 Australia
G. nandewarense C1-n Australia
G. robinsoni C2 Australia
G. australe C3 Australia
G. pilosum C Australia
G. costulatum C5 Australia
 G. populifolium C6 Australia
C. cunninghamii C7 Australia
G. pulchellum C8 Australia
G. nelsonii C9 Australia
G. enthyle C Australia
G. londonderriense C Australia
G. marchantii C Australia
G. exiguum C Australia
G. rotunditolium C Australia
G. fryxellii C Australia
G. binatum C Australia
G. nobile C Australia
G. thurberi D1 America
G. armouianum D2-1 America
G. harknessii D2-2 America
G. klotzschianum D3-k America
G. davidsonii D3-d America
G. aridum D4 America
G. raimondii D5 America
G. gossypioides D6 America
G. lobatum D7 America
G. trilobum D8 America
G. laxum D9 America
G. turneri D America
G. stocksii E1 Arabia
G. somalense E2 Arabia
G. areysianum E3 Arabia
G. incanum E4 Arabia
G. longicalyx F1 Africa
G. bickii G1 Australia
TETRAPLOID 2n=2x=52
G. tomentosum (AD)3 Hawai
G. lanceolatum (AD) America
G. mustelinum (AD) America
G. darwinii (AD) America
G. caicoense (AD) America

i. Factors that contributed to its evolution

j. Pattern of evolution

k. Characteristic of current varieties of the crop

Current varieties has fibre yield, length, strength, fineness and elongation, also it is resistance to
Verticillium wilt.