IBS LTE Design

Li Youfu/00192732

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Challenges of LTE In-building Network
Where to building LTE In-building network?
What is the strategy of
LTE in-building
MIMO or SISO ?
network?

Huge deploy workload of dual-DAS Hard to Deploy

Which solution to select
for a new-build LTE in-
Hard to reuse the existing DAS system
building network?

Higher coverage and capacity requirements High Cost

How to maximum reuse
Interference among different systems(GUL) the existing 2G/3G DAS?

Unbalance power strength of two way DAS Bad Network

Performance How to meet the coverage
and capacity requirements
Hard to predict the coverage result
and control interference?
Passive components cant meet the large range
frequency band requirements

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Band
Support various bandwidth: 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz

Uplink (UL) Downlink (DL)

E-UTRA Band Duplex Mode
FUL_low FUL_high FDL_low FDL_high
1 1920 MHz 1980 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz FDD
2 1850 MHz 1910 MHz 1930 MHz 1990 MHz FDD
3 1710 MHz 1785 MHz 1805 MHz 1880 MHz FDD
4 1710 MHz 1755 MHz 2110 MHz 2155 MHz FDD
5 824 MHz 849 MHz 869 MHz 894MHz FDD
6 830 MHz 840 MHz 875 MHz 885 MHz FDD
7 2500 MHz 2570 MHz 2620 MHz 2690 MHz FDD
8 880 MHz 915 MHz 925 MHz 960 MHz FDD
9 1749.9 MHz 1784.9 MHz 1844.9 MHz 1879.9 MHz FDD
10 1710 MHz 1770 MHz 2110 MHz 2170 MHz FDD
11 1427.9 MHz 1452.9 MHz 1475.9 MHz 1500.9 MHz FDD
12 698 MHz 716 MHz 728 MHz 746 MHz FDD
13 777 MHz 787 MHz 746 MHz 756 MHz FDD
14 788 MHz 798 MHz 758 MHz 768 MHz FDD

17 704 MHz 716 MHz 734 MHz 746 MHz FDD
...

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Output Power

R0 R0
Output Power is RS Power 1RB =
RS Power = RRU output 10log(RE)-PA 12 Sub-Carriers
One antenna port

R0 R0
For GT 10log(RE)=27.8dB
R0 R0 SISO: PA = 0
R0 R0
MIMO: PA = -3
l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6

Resource element (k,l)

R0 R0 R1 R1
Two antenna ports

R0 R0 R1 R1
Not used for transmission on this antenna port

R0 R0 R1 R1
Reference symbols on this antenna port

R0 R0 R1 R1
l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6 l 0 l 6

Bandwidth 1.4 3 5 10 15 20
RB 6 15 25 50 75 100
RE 72 180 300 600 900 1200

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LTE Indoor Coverage Criteria Suggestion

RSRP -95dBm@95%
SINR 15dB@95%
10m far away from the building
Spillage
First outdoor cell RSRP - Indoor cell RSRP > 10dB

Pathloss constrained by UMTS MCL

UMTS Pathloss A2E: 5 - (-80) = 85dB

Suggested LTE ERIP: -95 + 85 + 20log(21/18) -10dBm

Suggested Radius: 10m

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Handover

MCS Modulation Order A3

START: Mn + Ofn + Ocn - Hys > Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off
0~9 QPSK
STOP: Mn + Ofn + Ocn + Hys < Ms + Ofs + Ocs + Off
10~16 16QAM
17~28 64QAM DEFAULT VALUE:
29~31 Reserved
Ofn = Ofs
Ocn = Ocs
Throughput = TBS * RB * 1000 IntraFreqHoA3Hyst: 1dB
SINR -> CQI -> MCS -> MO -> TBS -> IntraFreqHoA3Offset: 1dB
Throughput
Different Cell share same frequency Handover condition: Mn - Ms = Off + Hys = 2dB

IntraFreqHoA3TimeToTrig = 320ms
Overlap area = 1m/s * 0.32s = 32 cm
Suggested overlap area 1m~2m
LTE is sensitive to interference

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SISO or MIMO

Separated Areas:

Cell2 Easy to split

Easy to
Cel Large quantity of antennas
Split
l Hard for civil work
Cell1

Open Areas:

Hard to Hard to split

Split Few antennas
Easy for civil work

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LTE DAS Choice 1: SISO

Pros:
Lowest additional workload
Time to market , easy to deploy,
Fully utilized existing DAS Coupler

Multi-system Combiner
Cons:
GSM
Could not reflect the LTE MIMO high Antenna
Splitter
performance UMTS
Hard to upgrade

Applicable Scenarios:
TCO is most important
Existing DAS meet the requirements of the LTE Replace existing
LTE system combiner to
introduce LTE signal

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LTE DAS Choice 2: MIMO

Pros: Antenna group I Antenna group II

Fully reflect the LTE MIMO high

performance
Time to market
Coupler
Partially utilized existing DAS

Coupler
Multi-system Combiner
Cons: GSM
Need additional workload in existing Splitter
Splitter
UMTS
High CAPEX

Applicable Scenarios:
Capacity is most important
Existing DAS meet the requirements of the LTE
LTE system

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LTE DAS Choice 3: MIMO

Pros: Antenna group I Antenna group II

Low power output for each path
Low PIM

Cons: Coupler

Coupler
Need additional combiners
GSM
Applicable Scenarios: Splitter
Splitter
Capacity is most important
Existing DAS meet the requirements of the
LTE system UMTS

LTE

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LTE DAS Choice 4: SISO + MIMO

Pros:
Reflect the LTE MIMO high performance
Time to market
Partially utilized existing DAS Coupler

Multi-system Combiner
Cons:
GSM Antenna
Need additional workload in existing Splitter
UMTS
Partially sacrifice the performance of the
LTE MIMO high performance
Antenna

Applicable Scenarios: LTE Macro

Coverage and Capacity is equally
important
Existing DAS meet the requirements of the LTE Micro
LTE system Splitter

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Isolation Requirement -- UMTS and LTE
Taking UMTS2100 and LTE1800 as Example
Isolation for spurious emission:
P_spu = 10 log{ 10 exp (noisefloor+sendeg/10) 10exp (noisefloor/10) }
Where:
P_spu is the acceptable receiving spurious power of the victim system
Noisefloor is the noise floor power of the victim system, unit in dBm
Sendeg is the allowable sensitivity degrade level of the victim system, unit in dB and taken as 1dB here
When UMTS is the aggressor system and LTE is the victim system:
The P_spu = 10 log { 10 exp (noisefloor+sendeg/10) 10exp (noisefloor/10) }
= -123.78 dBm/RB
Since the spurious level of UMTS2100 is : -93dBm/RB,
the minimum isolation for spurious emission is 30.8dB.
Reversely, when LTE is the aggressor system and UMTS is the victim system, we can calculate the minimum isolation for
spurious emission is 30.6 dB.

Isolation for barrage jamming:

For 1dB sensitivity degrade, the UMTS2100 system should not receive a power higher than 5dBm at LTE1800 frequency.
Because LTE eNodeB output 46dBm, thus the minimum isolation is 41dB. Reversely when LTE is the victim system, the
isolation is 38dB.
Isolation Spuriou Barrage jamming Minimum
Conclusion: Requirement s
isolation
LTE interferes UMTS 30.6 dB 41 dB
for co-site
UMTS interferes LTE 30.8 dB 38 dB

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Isolation requirement -- G/U/L

Antenna and
Interference combiner
Target system
system isolation
requirement

LTE FDD 2600 GSM900

41dB
GSM900 LTE FDD 2600
LTE FDD 2600 DCS1800
46dB
DCS1800 LTE FDD 2600
LTE FDD 2600 UMTS2100
41dB
UMTS2100 LTE FDD 2600
LTE FDD 1800 GSM900
41dB
GSM900 LTE FDD 1800
LTE FDD 1800 UMTS2100
41dB
UMTS2100 LTE FDD 1800

Guard Band is Only 200k Between GSM1800 and LTE 1800 for Co-existence
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Isolation requirement -- LTE Combiner and POI

Combiners/POI can be customized according to Globes frequency bands

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Co-existing -- Can existing GSM DAS meet LTE Coverage KPIs
7/8 Cable loss per
Space Loss
Max DL Link 100m difference b/w Total Power balance
RRU Tx power Cell Edge KPI difference b/w
Loss LTE 1800 & GSM for direct co-site
LTE 1800 & GSM 900
900

GSM 900 40 dBm RxLev > - 80 dBm 120dB

0dB

LTE1800 SISO 18.2 dBm RSRP > -95dBm 113.2dB

6 dB 2 dB +14.8 dB

LTE1800 MIMO 21.2 dBm RSRP > - 95dBm 116.2dB + 11.8 dB

Note: The above Tx Power for GSM is the BCCH power, while the Tx Power for LTE is the RS Power.
Conclusion:
For SISO/MIMO mode, the 40W LTE RRU can not be directly coupled into the existing DAS from the signal source to meet the same coverage
with GSM 900.

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Co-existing -- Can existing GSM DAS meet LTE Coverage KPIs
Space Loss 7/8 Cable loss per
Max DL Link difference b/w 100m difference b/w Total Power balance
RRU Tx power Cell Edge KPI
Loss LTE 1800 & UMTS LTE 1800 & UMTS for direct co-site
1800 1800

GSM 1800 40 dBm RxLev > - 80 dBm 120dB

0dB

LTE1800 SISO 18.2 dBm RSRP > -95dBm 113.2dB

0dB 0 dB +6.8dB

LTE1800 MIMO 21.2 dBm RSRP > - 95dBm 116.2dB +3.8dB

Note: The above Tx Power for GSM is the BCCH power, while the Tx Power for LTE is the RS Power.
Conclusion:
For SISO/MIMO mode, the 40W LTE RRU can not be directly coupled into the existing DAS to meet the same coverage with GSM 1800.

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Co-existing -- Can existing UMTS DAS meet LTE Coverage KPIs
Space Loss 7/8 Cable loss per
Max DL Link difference b/w 100m difference b/w Total Power balance
RRU Tx power Cell Edge KPI
Loss LTE 1800 & UMTS LTE 1800 & UMTS for direct co-site
2100 2100

UMTS 2100 33 dBm RSCP > - 78 dBm 111dB

0dB

LTE1800 SISO 18.2 dBm RSRP > -95dBm 113.2dB

-1.3 dB -0.4 dB -3.9 dB

LTE1800 MIMO 21.2 dBm RSRP > - 95dBm 116.2dB - 6.9 dB

Note: The above Tx Power for UMTS is the CPICH power, while the Tx Power for LTE is the RS Power.
Conclusion:
For SISO and MIMO mode, the 40W LTE RRU can be directly coupled into the existing DAS.

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Key Factors for LTE MIMO
Array Gain
Diversity Gain
Space Division Multiplex
Gain
Interference Rejection
Combining Gain
r h h s n
R HS N 1 11 12 1 1
r2 h21 h22 s 2 n2
-80dBm
Restrictions -80dBm 12m 4m
12m 4m -105dBm
Antenna port Antenna number and RS pattern -105dBm 36.13Mbps 70.65Mbps
14.88Mbps
Codeword Transport Block that Transmitter supports 18.90Mbps
8m
Layer Dimension of wireless environment 8m
-95dBm 36.12Mbps -95dBm 70.59Mbps
Rank Channel correlation
Block Coding Block coding scheme, e.g. SFBC, FSTD
Algorithm Schedule , pre-coding and combination that depend on Transmitter and Receiver realization
and configuration
Transport Mode TM1-TM9 makes different throughput
Transmission Scheme TxD(Low channel quality; moving UE) , OL-SM(Low channel quality; moving UE) , CL-SM(Good/Low channel quality; static UE)

MIMO Multiple Antennas

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MIMO System

Coaxial Single-polarized antenna

Cable

Fiber Distributed
BBU RRU System

Two Single-polarized Antennas Network Mode

Dual-polarized antenna
Coaxial
Cable
Fiber
Distributed
BBU RRU System

One Dual-polarized Antenna Network Mode

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Dual-polarized antenna and Single-polarized antenna
25 25
DL Throughput DL Throughput
20 20

15 15

10 10

5 5

0 0
1 2 3 1 2 3
Open area Cut off area

Note: 1/2/3 stands for near/middle/farRSRP -85dBm/-95dBm/-105dBm

Open area suggest Cut off area

Single-polarized suggest dual-
antenna polarized antenna

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Space between MIMO paired antenna

Open area Cut off area

25
25

20 20

2 2
15 15 4
4
6 6

10 8 10 8
10 10
12 12
5 5

0 0
1 2 3 1 2 3

Note: 1/2/3 stands for near/middle/farRSRP -85dBm/-95dBm/-105dBm

= C/F = 3e8 / 18e8 = 0.167m

Space = 10 = 1.7m
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MIMO Power Imbalance

Note: 1/2/3 stands for near/middle/far, RSRP -85dBm/-95dBm/-105dBm

Power imbalance should be controlled within 3dB for paired antennas.

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Differences in design between LTE and G/U
Rich Experience
160000
160000 140000
140000 120000
Seamless Solutions 120000
100000 DL 15cm
100000 0 dB
80000 3 dB
80000
DL 50cm
Deep Understanding 60000 60000 5 dB
40000 DL 110cm 10 dB
40000
20000
20000
End to End Capability 0
1 2 3 0
1 2 3

Problem Analysis Level

Components and cables in different position makes different pathloss - Low
Power imbalance High LTE Retrofit Problem Statics
throughput and heavy fluctuation
No dual stream Antennas with no/weak signal - MIMO system with only SISO throughput Middle 15% 19%
Power imbalance
Intermodulation/Wrong connection between LTE RRU and DAS in design or
Combination problem Middle No dual stream
implementation Wrong cell planning and interference 18% 8%
Combination problem
Different ERIP requirement and path loss from GSM/UMTS for LTE, and Weak coverage
Weak coverage improper RRU power - Low/Over-high RSRP, Call drop, Handover failure, Low High Interference
throughput, Interference etc. 18%
Hardware warning
Same frequency for all neighbor cells with no code division - low SINR, Call
Interference High 22%
drop, Low throughput, etc.
Hardware warning VSWR Middle

Existing & potential problem for indoor system will cut down the subscribers experience after on air,
better discover and handle them under construction

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HUAWEI IBS Solutions for LTE

Features

Easy for deployment:

installing dual DAS system at one 2 core feeder
time, reduce workload
No unbalance issue of 2 way MIMO,
improve the MIMO performance
Use dual-polarized antennas, less Dual-polarized
number, easy to deploy antenna

SingleMIMO - Use one feeder to achieve MIMO, easy for deployment

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HUAWEI IBS Solutions for LTE

Full band, multi-operator, multi-system sharing

DRH
DRH
No need of dedicated equipment room profit from
DRH
DCU cascading feature
DRH Easy for LTE evolution and frequency expansion
with modularized structure
Unified network management system, operation
Main DCU
together with BTS
3D traffic map based on DRH-level MR
Remote interference and inter-modulation
GSM BTS
Slave DCU1
GSM BTS
Slave DCU2 GSM BTS
Slave DCU3 detection, no need of onsite test
UMTS NodeB UMTS NodeB UMTS NodeB
LTE eNodeB LTE eNodeB
Diff-operator or diff-system precise expansion on-
LTE eNodeB

Operator A Operator B Operator C

demand, no need of onsite hardware adjustment
33% less power consumption with wideband DPD
technology

Stadium Airport Subway/Tunnel Skyscraper

SingleDAS Multi-Operator & Multi-System solution

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HUAWEI IBS Solutions for LTE

Fiber Cat5/6 100-150m

PoE

8 pRRUs per RHuB

RF Module design
flexible RFimbedded for G/U/L /Wifi
100mW per RF module, maximum 3
4 cascaded RHuB per link
2T2R
392 pRRU per BBU

Features Application scenarios

High capacity: 192 pRRU/BBU, each pRRU suppport 1
cell LTE new-build scenario with high capacity demand
Fast deployment: fiber and CAT5 instead of feeder Scenarios which cant use feeder
Antenna-level management: pRRU-level management

Lampsite No cable solutioneasy to deploy and cell expansion

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HUAWEI IBS Solutions for LTE
Outdoor site for in-building coverage
Indoor micro scenario coverage with indoor AtomCell
with macro & Atomcell combination solution

Macro
Site AtomCell
Pico
Ceiling

Pico Pico

1 2 3

AC PoE PoE AC
Ethernet Adapter Ethernet Ethernet

Low cost, fast deployment Fast deployment High capacity

Small residential area Shopping street Villa Coffee bar Restaurant Small office Shops

AtomCell - Micro scenario solution

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 THANK YOU
WWW.HUAWEI.COM

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