Joystick: Joystick is nothing but two variable resistors.

One is working in X-
dimension and other is working in Y-dimension. The joystick allow us to measure
the movement of the stick in 2-dimension. Potentiometers are variable resistors
and, in a way, they act as sensors providing us with a variable voltage drop
depending on the rotation of the device around its shaft. The kind of program
that we need to monitor the joystick has to make a polling to two of the analog

pins.

We can send these values back to the computer, Arduinos DAC (Digital to Analog
Converter) has a resolution of 10bits. In other words this means that our sensors
are characterized with a value between 0 and 1024.
Now this is a question that how joystick producing value. As I have explained that
there are specific resistance changes with change of direction (movement of
joystick). As resistance changes with movement along x-direction.
Flame Sensor:
The flame sensor use to detect the presence of flame or fire, when the flame sensor senses there are
key signal detected, LED lights, otherwise off.
Sensor for flame wavelengths between 760 nm to 1100 nm infrared is most sensitive 60 degree
detection sensor.
Two outputs mode:
AO: analog output- real-time output voltage signal on the thermal resistance
DO: when the temperature reaches a certain threshold- the output high and low signal threshold

adjustable via potentiometer.

Pin configuration is shown in fig.
Projects:
1. Lab where sensitive components are present
2. Industries gas turbines
3. Industrial heating and drying system
RGB LED:
RGB stands for red, green and blue that are colour of light produced by sensor. RGB LED module
LED is made of a plug-in full-colour, by R, G, B three-pin PWM input voltage can be adjusted in
three primary colours (red / blue / green) strength in order to achieve full colour mixing effect.
Control module with cool lighting effects can be achieved. It has tricolour limiting resistor to prevent
burn. Three primary colours can be mixed to get different colours by adjusting the PWM. Can
interface with a variety of microcontrollers. Its Operating voltages are 5V.
They may be available in SMD format.

Projects:
1. Clubs , Market
2. Toys
3. Neopixal strips
4. Screen

Heart Beat Sensor:

We can read a person's pulse easily from their fingertip. When a finger is placed on the sensor, the IR
led lights up and shines through the fingertip to the phototransistor at the bottom detecting slight

pulsations and providing a reading.

Projects:
1. Patients heartbeat details
2. BP measurement
Light Cup sensor:
This module has two parts - an LED and a mercury tilt switch. Pins are 1 G (ground), 2 + (5V power),
3 S signal and 4 L (LED.) If you wired up 1 & 2 to power, pin 3 (signal) will alternate between 5V
(HIGH) and 0V (LOW) as you tilt the module. If you connect a current limiting resistor to L2, you
can use it as a blinking LED. Magic Light Cup modules are easy to interact with Arduino module.
PWM dimming principle is to use the principle of two modules brightness changes. Mercury switches
provide a digital signal that triggers the PWM regulator.
Hall magnetic:
The KY-003 is a magnetic switch. If no magnetic field is present, the signal line of the sensor is HIGH
(3.5 V). If a magnetic field is presented to the sensor, the signal line goes LOW, at the same time the
LED on the sensor lights up. The polarity of the magnetic field is of influence to the switching action.
The front side of the sensor needs the opposite polarity as the back of the sensor to switch on.
In the example program the led on the Arduino (pin 13) will be turned on when a magnetic field is
present.
Mercury Tilt Switch:
A tilt switch that can turn on and off depending on the tilt position. The switch is mercury.

It works when it is tilted.

Opto Sensor:
Sensor consist of photoresistor thats restance changes with change in intensity of light. It contains
LDR(light dependent resistor).
It consist 3 pins
1. 5v
2. Gnd
3. Signal
Shock Sensor:
This module is digital shock sensor. It will output a high level signal when it detects a shock event.
We can use it with Arduino platform and can do applications like used in cars bumpers, blind stick etc
Laser Diode:
This is a laser emitter diode. The working voltage is 5V, with a wavelength of 650nm.