Beruflich Dokumente
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9
CHAPTER
STATICS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
Distributed Forces:
Lecture Notes:
Moments of Inertia
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Will now consider forces which are proportional to the area or volume
over which they act but also vary linearly with distance from a given axis.
- It will be shown that the magnitude of the resultant depends on the
first moment of the force distribution with respect to the axis.
- The point of application of the resultant depends on the second
moment of the distribution with respect to the axis.
Current chapter will present methods for computing the moments and
products of inertia for areas and masses.
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9- 3
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Moment of Inertia of an Area
Consider distributed forces F whose magnitudes are
proportional to the elemental areas A on which they
act and also vary linearly with the distance of A
from a given axis.
Example: Consider a beam subjected to pure bending.
Internal forces vary linearly with distance from the
neutral axis which passes through the section centroid.
F kyA
R k y dA 0 y dA Qx first moment
M k y 2 dA y dA second moment
2
kO2 k x2 k y2
dJ O u 2dA dA 2 u du
r r
J O dJ O u 2 u du 2 u 3du
2
0 0
JO r4
2
I y 2 dA
I y 2 dA y d 2 dA
y 2 dA 2d y dA d 2 dA
54 r 4
I BB I AA Ad 2
12
1 bh 3
2 bh 3 h
1 1 2
36
1 bh 3
Y A yA Y yA 50.12 in 3
2.792 in.
A 17.95 in 2
I x 618 in 4
Half-circle:
moment of inertia with respect to AA,
I AA 18 r 4 18 904 25.76 106 mm4
moment of inertia with respect to x,
4r 4 90
I x I AA Aa 2 25.76 106 12.72 103
a 38.2 mm
3 3 7.20 106 mm4
b 120 - a 81.8 mm
moment of inertia with respect to x,
A 12 r 12 90
2 2
I x I x Ab 2 7.20 106 12.72 103 81.82
12.72 103 mm2 92.3 106 mm4
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 - 18
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 9.5
The moment of inertia of the shaded area is obtained by
subtracting the moment of inertia of the half-circle from
the moment of inertia of the rectangle.
12
b 2
2x
I xy dI xy xel yel dA x h 1 dx
0 b
b 2 b
2 x x x
2 3 x 2 x3 x 4
h dx h 2
2 b 2b 2
0 4 3b 8b 0
I xy 24
1 b2h2
I xy 72
1 b 2h2
I xy x yA 6.56 in 4
2
Ix I y Ix I y
I x 10.38 in 4
I max,min I xy
2
2 2
I y 6.97 in 4
2
10.38 6.97 10.38 6.97
6.56
2
I xy 6.56 in 4
2 2
I a I max 15.45 in 4
I b I min 1.897 in 4
In SI units,
I r 2 dm kg m 2
In U.S. customary units,
I slug ft
2
lb s 2 2
ft
ft lb ft s 2
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 - 34
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Parallel Axis Theorem
For the rectangular axes with origin at O and parallel
centroidal axes,
I x y 2 z 2 dm y y 2 z z 2 dm
y 2 z 2 dm 2 y y dm 2 z z dm y 2 z 2 dm
I x I x my 2 z 2
I y I y mz 2 x 2
I z I z mx 2 y 2
I CC I AA,mass I BB,mass 12 1 ma 2 b 2
I CC I AA I BB 12 mr 2
2 0.0829122 2
to the xyz axes.
12 0.0829 12
1
2.59 103 lb ft s 2
I y 12
1 m 3a 2 L2 mx 2
1 0.0829 3 1
12
12
2 123 2 0.0829212.5 2
4.17 103 lb ft s 2
each cylinder :
V 490 lb/ft 1 3in
3 2 3 I y 12
1 m 3a 2 L2 m x 2 y 2
m
g 1728in 3 ft3 32.2 ft s2 1 0.0829 3 1
12
12
2 123 2 0.0829212.5 2 122 2
m 0.0829 lb s 2 ft
6.48 103 lb ft s 2
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 - 41
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Sample Problem 9.12
prism (a = 2 in., b = 6 in., c = 2 in.):
1 m b 2 c 2 1 0.211 6
I x I z 12 12 12
2 122 2
4.88 103 lb ft s 2
1 m c 2 a 2 1 0.211 2
I y 12 12 12
2 122 2
0.977 103 lb ft s 2
Add the moments of inertia from the components
to determine the total moments of inertia.
I x 4.88 103 2 2.59 103
prism : I x 10.06 103 lb ft s2
m
V
490 lb/ft 3 2 2 6 in 3
I y 0.977 103 2 4.17 103
g 1728in 3 ft3 32.2 ft s2 I y 9.32 103 lb ft s 2
m 0.211 lb s 2 ft
I z 4.88 103 2 6.48 103
I z 17.84 103 lb ft s2
2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 - 42
Edition
Ninth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics
Moment of Inertia With Respect to an Arbitrary Axis
IOL = moment of inertia with respect to axis OL
2
I OL p dm r dm
2
Expressing and r in terms of the vector
components and expanding yields
I OL I x 2x I y 2y I z 2z
2 I xy x y 2 I yz y z 2 I zx z x