BIO DIESEL MANUFACTURING

SYNOPSIS
The aim of project is to fabricate a bio diesel manufacturing setup for producing

bio fuel any vegetable oil. To produce bio diesel from vegetable, vegetable oils are used

such as sunflower oil soy oil, rape oil, or palm oil, used oils may be used likewise very

well indeed. Bio diesel is a fuel that has much the same characteristics as normal diesel

oil, but as opposed to diesel it is not derived from petroleum but from vegetable oil or

animal fat.

METHODOLOGY:

The below items are using in this project;

Boiler

Heater

Thermostat

Bio-oil

Blender

WORKING PRINCIPLE
In our project we are doing the bio diesel manufacturing system. In this we are

heating the bio oil to produce the bio diesel. According to the national bio diesel board is

made from a chemical process called transesterification. This process is when the
glycerin is separated from the flat or vegetable oil. After this chemical process, there are

two chemical, are METHYL ESTERS (the chemical name for bio diesel) and the other

one is the GLYCERIN (a by product usually sold to be used in soaps and other products).

Generally of at or oil reacts with an alachol, like methanol, in the presence of a catalyst to

produce glycerin and methyl esters or bio diesel. The methanol is charged in excess to

assist in quick conversion and recovered for reuse. The catalyst is usually sodium or

potassium hydroxide which has already been mixed with the methanol. After completing

the process of heating the oil, the out come of the bio diesel is a fuel that has much the

same characteristics as normal diesel oil, but as opposed to diesel it is not derived from

petroleum but from vegetable oil or animal fat.

MERITS

Blends of 20% biodiesel with 80% petroleum diesel can be used in unmodified

diesel engines. Biodiesel can be used in its pure form but many require certain

engine modifications to avoid maintenance and performance problems.

It was stated that about half of the biodiesel industry can use recycled oil or fat,

the other half being soybean, or rapeseed oil according to the origin of these feed

stocks.

Biodiesel is nontoxic, biodegradable. It reduces the emission of harmful pollutants

(mainly particulates) from diesel engines (80% less CO2 emissions, 100% less

sulfur dioxide) but emissions of nitrogen oxides (precursor of ozone) are

increased.
 Biodiesel has a high cetane number (above 100, compared to only 40 for diesel

fuel). Cetane number is a measure of a fuel's ignition quality. The high cetane

numbers of biodiesel contribute to easy cold starting and low idle noise.

The use of biodiesel can extend the life of diesel engines because it is more

lubricating and, furthermore, power output are relatively unaffected by biodiesel.

Biodiesel replaces the exhaust odor of petroleum diesel with a more pleasant

smell of popcorn or French fries.

DEMIRTS

It gives out more nitrogen oxide emissions.

There have been a few concerns regarding biodiesels impact on engine durability

The solvent property of biodiesel could also cause other fuel-system problems.

Biodiesel may be incompatible with the seals used in the fuel systems of older

vehicles and machinery, necessitating the replacement of those parts if biodiesel

blends are used.

APPLICATIONS

Therminol heat transfer fluids suitable for biodiesel applications.

Heat transfer fluid provides reliable, consistent heat transfer performance at low

cost over a temperature range required for typical biodiesel processes.

 Heat transfer fluid has superior low-temperature pumpability, providing consistent

performance for more effective cooling and cold-climate operation while also

meeting the heating requirements of most biodiesel operations.

DRAWING FOR BIO DIESEL MANUFACTURING