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INDIAN RAILWAYS

AN INTRODUCTION

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Indian Railways

One of the largest and busiest rail


networks in the world
Transports just under five billion
passengers and almost 350 million tonnes
of freight annually.
World's largest commercial or utility
employer- with more than 1.6 million
employees
The routes cover a total length of
63,940 km (39,230 miles)
Revenue - INR 467.85 billion
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First train in India 22-12-1851- used
for the hauling of construction
material in Roorkee.

16- 4-1853- first passenger train


service - between Bori Bunder,
Bombay and Thana.

Covering a distance of 34 km
(21 miles), it formally heralded the
birth of railways in India.

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RAILWAY ZONES IN INDIA

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.

Konkan Railway (KR) is constituted as a separately incorporated


railway, with its headquarters at Belapur CBD (Navi Mumbai), although
it still comes under the control of the Railway Ministry and the Railway
Board
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Map showing the Indian rail network and
headquarters of each zone

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Bholu is the mascot of the IR, adopted in 2003

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Suburban rail
Suburban networks operate in
Mumbai (Bombay), Chennai
(Madras), Kolkata (Calcutta), Delhi,
Hyderabad and Pune.

New Delhi, Chennai and Kolkata


have their own metro networks,
namely the New Delhi Metro, the
Chennai MRTS and the Kolkata
metro, respectively.

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Suburban trains - Electric Multiple
Units
(EMU) .
Have nine coaches or sometimes
twelve to handle rush hour traffic.
One unit of an EMU train consists of
one power car and two general
coaches.
Thus a nine coach EMU is made up
of three units having one power car
at each end and one at the middle.

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The rakes in Mumbai run on direct
current, while those elsewhere use
alternating current.
A standard coach is designed to
accommodate 96 sitting passengers
Mumbai's rail transport - jointly
managed by the Central and Western
Railways.
It has three lines, one managed by
the WR and other two managed by
the Central Railway.

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Mumbai's suburban railway
Densest route in the world.

Carries more than 50,000 passengers


per kilometer, transporting 65 lakh
(6.5 million) commuters daily.

This has resulted in severe


overloading in the trains

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Mumbai's suburban railway
Carry 5000 commuters per 9 car
trains which are designed to carry
less than a third of that amount.

The density of passengers in peak


hours is as high as 15 people per sq
metre.

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Passenger services
Indian Railways operates 8,702
passenger trains and transports
around five billion annually across
twenty-seven states and three union
territories (Delhi, Pondicherry and
Chandigarh).
Sikkim is the only state not
connected.
The passenger division is the most
preferred form of long distance
transport in most of the country.
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Passenger services
A standard passenger train consists of
eighteen coaches, but some popular
trains can have up to 24 coaches.
Coaches are designed to accommodate
anywhere from 18 to 72 passengers.
Each coach has different accommodation
class; the most popular being the sleeper
class.
Up to nine of these type coaches are
usually coupled. Air conditioned coaches
are also attached, and a standard train
may have between three and five air-
conditioned coaches.

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Freight
Indian Railways makes 70% of its
revenues and most of its profits from
the freight sector, and uses these
profits to cross-subsidise the loss-
making passenger sector.

However, competition from trucks


which offer cheaper rates has seen a
decrease in freight traffic in recent
years.

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Trucks that carry goods to a particular location
are hauled back by trains saving the trucking
company on unnecessary fuel expenses.

Refrigerated vans are also available in many


areas. The "Green Van" is a special type used to
transport fresh food and vegetables.

Recently Indian Railways introduced the special


'Container Rajdhani' or CONRAJ, for high priority
freight.

The highest speed notched up for a freight train


is 100 km/h (62 mph) for a 4,700 tonne load.

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Notable trains and achievements
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway - World
Heritage Site, and one of the few steam
engines in operation in India

Nicknamed the "Toy Train", - 2 ft


(610 mm) gauge narrow-gauge railway
with steam locomotive

The route starts at Siliguri in the plains in


West Bengal and traverses tea gardens en
route to Darjeeling, a hill station at an
elevation of 2,134 metres (7,000 ft).

The highest station in this route is Ghum.

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"Toy Train"

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Nilgiri Mountain Railway, in the
Nilgiri Hills in southern India-
classified as a World Heritage Site by
UNESCO.

It is also the only cog railway in


India.

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The Nilgiri Mountain Railway (NMR)
connects the town of Mettupalayam
with the hill station of
Udagamandalam, in the Nilgiri Hills
of southern India.

One of the oldest mountain railways


in India only rack railway in India.

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Rack railway
A cog railway, rack-and-pinion
railway or rack railway is a railway
with a special toothed rack rail or
rack mounted on the sleepers,
usually between the running rails.
The trains are fitted with one or more
cog wheels or pinions that mesh with
this rack rail. This allows the trains to
operate on steeply inclined slopes.

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Rack railway

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Nilgiri Mountain Railway

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The Palace on Wheels is a specially
designed train, lugged by a steam engine,
for promoting tourism in Rajasthan.
The Samjhauta Express was a train that
ran between India and Pakistan.
Another train connecting Khokhra Par
(Pakistan) and Munabao (India) is the Thar
Express that restarted operations on
February 18, 2006 since being closed
down after the 1965 Indo-Pak war.
The Lifeline Express is a special train
popularly known as the "Hospital-on-
Wheels" which provides healthcare to the
rural areas.

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The Fairy Queen is the oldest running
locomotive in the world today, though the
distinction of the oldest surviving
locomotive belongs to John Bull.
Kharagpur railway station also has the
distinction of being the world's longest
railway platform at 1072 m (3,517 ft).
The Ghum station along the Toy Train
route is the second highest railway station
in the world to be reached by a steam
locomotive

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Some Interesting Facts
The shortest named station - Ib
Longest named station - Sri
Venkatanarasimharajuvariapeta.
The Himsagar Express, between
Kanyakumari and Jammu Tawi, has
the longest run in terms of distance
and time on Indian Railways network.
It covers 3,745 km (2,327 miles) in
about 74 hours and 55 minutes.

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Some Interesting Facts
The Trivandrum Rajdhani, between Delhi's
Nizamuddin Station and Trivandrum,
travels non-stop between Vadodara and
Kota, covering a distance of 528 km
(328 miles) in about 6.5 hours, has the
longest continuous run on Indian
Railways today.
The Bhopal Shatabdi Express is the
fastest train in India today having a
maximum speed of 140 km/h (87 mph) on
the Faridabad-Agra section. The fastest
speed attained by any train is 184 km/h
(114 mph) in 2000 during test runs.

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Current problems
High accident rate - three hundred a
year.
Human error is the primary cause (83%)
blamed for mishaps.
Antiquated communication, safety and
signalling equipment.
Aging colonial-era bridges and century-
old tracks
Overcrowding
Most railway land in India unrestricted
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Approximate gross earnings and freight loading
position of Indian Railways for the period from
1st April 2006 to 28th February 2007 .

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References

Railway Track Engineering J.S. Mundrey


http://www.indianrailways.gov.in
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Railways

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