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Three things necessary for weather are Heat, Air, Moisture (HAM)
Weather takes place in the Troposphere (The lower part of the atmosphere).
Convection current the movement of air or water due to heating and cooling.
Warm air rises (lighter) and falls when it cool down (heavier).
Air moves to take the shape of whatever container it is in. Air can stretch out
(expand) or squeeze in (compress)
Air can have different pressures.
When air pressure drops it means weather is getting worse. Some animals can feel
the pressure dropping and act different. That fact causes lot of old weather sayings:
Air pressures are often shown on weather maps as H and L. These make warm
and cool fronts. A front is a moving mass of air.
When warm air rises it leaves a low pressure and other air moves in to replace it.
Solids heat faster than liquids. Land heats faster than the ocean.
Sea Breeze cool air blowing from the sea on to the shore
During a hot
summer day, the
air over the land
is warmer than
the air over the
ocean. The
warm 'land air'
rises and cooler
'ocean air'
moves to the
shore
Solids lose heat faster the liquids.
Land cools down faster than the ocean (Water keeps heat longer than land).
Land Breeze - cool air blowing from the land out to sea
In the evening
after a hot
summer day the
land cools
quickly.
As the ocean
slowly releases its
warmth the air
over the ocean
warms and rises.
Cooler land air
moves out to sea
to fill in the
space
Water cycle - The evaporation of water from a body of water into the air (as water
vapour gas), the condensation of this moisture into precipitation and its collection
back to a large body of water.
Humidity - The measure of the amount of moisture in the air. Can be measured with
a psychrometer or with a hygrometer. It is measured in % which means
out of 100.
A day with 5 % humidity would be hot and dry.
A day with 100 % humidity would be foggy or rainy.
Human hair reacts to the humidity in the air (flat or frizzy).
Dew Point - The temperature at which the water vapor in air condenses out into
droplets of water forming precipitation.
Clouds - A mass of minute water droplets or ice crystal. Clouds form when a mass of
warm moist air moves into an area with lower air pressure. The air expands and
cools and the water vapour condenses.
Precipitation - The name for moisture that falls out of clouds. Temperature changes
what it is.
Wind occurs when air naturally tries to balance high pressure areas and low
pressure areas. HP always moves to LP.
There are many types of storms and severe weather: Thunderstorms, Blizzards,
Tornado, Hurricanes, Drought (long time with no water), Flood, Heat Wave
Specific events must happen for storms to occur.