The 2016 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book

KIDS COUNT IN MICHIGAN
DATA BOOK
2016
CHILD & FAMILY
WELL-BEING
IN MICHIGAN,
its counties and Detroit
2016 KIDS COUNT IN MICHIGAN ADVISORY COMMITTEE
Chair: MIKE FOLEY, Executive Director

Michigan Childrens Trust Fund
Dr. Jan Amsterburg, Superintendent, Gratiot-Isabella Intermediate School District

Casey Anbender, JD, Senior Management Analyst, Child Welfare Services, Michigan Supreme Court
John Bindas, Executive Director, School-Community Health Alliance of Michigan
Stacie Bladen, LMSW, Deputy Director, Childrens Services Administration, Michigan Dept. of Health & Human Services
Joan Blough, Senior Vice President, Great Start System Strategy & Evaluation, Early Childhood Investment Corporation
Julie A. Chapin, Ph.D., Director, MSU Children & Youth Institute, State Leader, Michigan 4-H Youth Development
Robert S. Collier, President and COO, Council of Michigan Foundations
Steven B. Cook, President, Michigan Education Association
Michele Corey, Vice President for Programs, Michigans Children
Ghida Dagher, Public Policy & Advocacy Associate, United Way for Southeastern Michigan
Scott Dzurka, President, Michigan Association of United Ways
Cindy Gansen, President & Executive Director, Priority Children
Eric Guthrie, Michigans State Demographer, Dept. of Technology, Management & Budget,
Bureau of Labor Market Information and Strategic Initiatives
Orlene Hawks, Director, Office of Childrens Ombudsman
Wendy Lewis Jackson, Deputy Director, Community Development, Detroit, The Kresge Foundation
Gilda Z. Jacobs, President/CEO, Michigan League for Public Policy
Jerry D. Johnson, Communications and Development, Genesee Intermediate School District
Amy E. Krug, Managing Director, Eles Place
Jodi Latuszek, Juvenile Management Analyst, Trial Court Services
Ruben Martinez, Ph.D., Director, Julian Samora Research Institute, Michigan State University
Kristen McDonald, Vice President, Program and Policy, The Skillman Foundation
Susan McParland, Executive Director, Michigan Association for Children with Emotional Disorders
Summer Minnick, Director, Policy Initiatives & Federal Affairs, Michigan Municipal League
Erica Raleigh, Director, Data Driven Detroit
Alex Rossman, Communications Director, Michigan League for Public Policy
Denise Sloan, Executive Director, Michigan Chapter American Academy of Pediatrics
Ann Michele Stacks, Director, Infant Mental Health Program, Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Wayne State University
Michele Strasz, Executive Director, Capital Area College Access Network
Stacey Tadgerson, M.P.A., Director, Native American Affairs
Maxine Thome, Executive Director, National Association of Social Workers/MI Chapter
John Tramontana, Director, Community and Public Relations, Michigan Association of School Boards
Rashmi Travis, Director, Bureau of Family, Maternal and Child Health, Public Health Administration, Michigan Dept. of Health & Human Services
Michelle Weemhoff, M.S.W, Associate Director, Michigan Council on Crime and Delinquency
Amy Zaagman, Executive Director, Michigan Council for Maternal and Child Health
Ex-Officio:
Alicia Guevara Warren, Kids Count Project Director, Michigan League for Public Policy
Kids Count in Michigan is part of a broad national effort
to measure the well-being of children at the state and
local levels and use that information to shape efforts
to improve the lives of children.
The project is housed at the Michigan League for Public Policy, a research
and advocacy organization that promotes policies to improve the economic
security of all Michigan residents.
www.mlpp.org
Acknowledgements
The 2016 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book was written and developed by Alicia Guevara Warren of the
Michigan League for Public Policy with the assistance of League and project staff. Many thanks to Paul
Diefenbach, who collected and compiled the data, and Tillie Kucharek, who designed and developed the
county profiles and maps. Also appreciated are the staff, Jan Hudson, Rachel Richards, Alex Rossman, and Pat
Sorenson, for reviewing, fact checking, and editing the data book.
Thank you to the members of the Kids Count in Michigan Advisory Committee, who have given their time and
expertise to help shape the data book and other project activities. We are grateful for your thoughtful review of
the data book.
Generous Supporters of the 2016 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book
Annie E. Casey Foundation

Skillman Foundation
Steelcase Foundation
Frey Foundation
Michigan Education Association
American Federation of Teachers Michigan
Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan Foundation
United Way for Southeastern Michigan
Battle Creek Community Foundation
Fetzer Institute
Kalamazoo Community Foundation
The findings and conclusions presented herein do not necessarily reflect the opinions of our funders.
Data Provided by:
Early Childhood Investment Corporation

MAXIMUS
Michigan Department of Health and Human Services
Michigan Department of Education
Office of the State Demographer
Copyright: Michigan League for Public Policy 2016
Any part of this book may be duplicated and distributed for nonprofit educational purposes provided the source is credited.
Suggested citation: Guevara Warren, Alicia S. Kids Count in Michigan Data Book 2016: Child & Family Well-Being in Michigan, Its Counties
and Detroit. Lansing, Michigan: Michigan League for Public Policy.
CONTENTS
2 Introduction
4 Michigan Background Information
5 Michigan Trends in Child Well-Being

8 Economic Security
13 Health & Safety
19 Family & Community
26 Education
6 Data in Action: Strategies for Improving

Overall Child Well-Being
7 Overall Child Well-Being Rankings by County
33 Data Notes & Sources

Printed copies of this report are available from the League as long as supplies last.
Please request by phone (517/487-5436) or e-mail: pkillips@mlpp.org.
1 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016

INTRODUCTION
Do kids count in Michigan? Irreversible damage due to lead poisoning The 2016 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book examining the state, its
from the Flint water crisis. Detroit Public Schools on the verge of counties and Detroit shows that only three counties experienced a
bankruptcy with students in unsafe learning conditions. Two major decline in child poverty over the trend period comparing 2006 to 2014.
examples of the investmentor lack thereofto protect our children About half of counties had improvements in the health of the states
and provide a basic need, like water, and access to a safe and quality youngest residents. The teen birth rate continues to improve across
education. Yet, the state continues to underfund most government most counties. But only a small number of counties saw improvement
services and programs. Revenue limitsfunds that could be raised to in the rates of children put in harms way due to abuse or neglect. And
ramp up investments in the states children and familiescontinue to the states new educational assessment test, the M-STEP, revealed
fall well below the constitutional limitations. that about half of third-graders and less than half of eleventh-graders
were proficient in reading and writing.
However, some victories for children have been won in the last year.
In the current state budget, investments were made to improve third- Disparities in child well-being continue to exist based on race and
grade reading with the recognition that learning begins prenatally, place. The top and bottom three counties for overall child well-being
increase funds targeted for our most at-risk studentsthe first time from last year are nearly the same as in 2016. This years best counties
in more than a decadeand expand Healthy Kids Dental into the are Livingston (1st), Ottawa (2nd) and Clinton (3rd). The worst
remaining three counties without this level of access. counties are Lake (82nd), Clare (81st) and Muskegon (80th).
Unfortunately, many policy decisions continue to weaken safety net Looking forward, there are actions based on the data that can be
programs and erode economic opportunity for all, making it harder taken to improve outcomes for kids in our state. Research shows that
for all children to get ahead. The child poverty rate in the state, helping parents is one of the best ways to help their children. Taking
while coming down slightly, continues to be unacceptably high at a two-generation approach to addressing economic security, health,
nearly 23%. Many parents are struggling to make ends meet, often education, and families and communities is a strong strategy to
having to combine temporary or part-time work to survive. Families improve the well-being of children in Michigan. Included in this report
are not able to get ahead. About one-quarter of Michiganians are are recommended policies and practices that will increase the quality
also considered asset poor without sufficient savings to survive an of life for all children and families in Michigan.
economic emergency. Without addressing poverty and ensuring
parents have access to economic opportunities, child outcomes in
health, education and welfare will not improve.
Individual profiles for counties, regions and Detroit are available under Kids Count at www.mlpp.org
The KIDS COUNT Data Center

There are many additional indicators available by state, county, city and Congressional District on the
KIDS COUNT Data Center: www.datacenter.kidscount.org. Users can compare counties, create customized
local data profiles, and generate maps, charts and graphs that can be inserted in reports, embedded on
websites or shared through email and social media.
Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016 2

Using the Data Book Also important to note is that after 40 years, the state replaced the
Michigan Educational Assessment Program (MEAP) with a new
For 25 years, the annual Kids Count in Michigan Data Book has standardized test called the Michigan Student Test of Educational
reviewed various background and trend data to evaluate the well- Progress (M-STEP). Not only are the testing standards more rigorous,
being of children in the state. The base period for the 2016 book is 2006 but the test is now delivered in the spring rather than the fall.
compared to 2014, unless otherwise noted. The report analyzes 16 key Additionally, the Michigan Merit Exam (MME) for high schoolers
indicators across four domains: 1) economic security; 2) health and underwent a number of changes and has been incorporated into the
safety; 3) family and community; and 4) education. The overall child M-STEP. Due to these changes, MEAP and MME data is not comparable
well-being rank is based on a countys rank in each of the 16 measures. to the new M-STEP data.
New this year is additional background with a breakdown of the Finally, caution should be taken when reviewing rates (e.g., per 1,000
child population by age, level of mothers education, high poverty or 100,000), percentages and numbers. Small population numbers
neighborhoods, and utilization of Early On services and the Women, in some areas of the state often result in data being suppressed
Infants, and Children (WIC) program. Not available this year was data and small numbers may cause percent changes in a rate to appear
on birth defects. An additional education indicator was added to significant. Also, keep in mind that some data are based on different
measure the trend of 3- and 4-year-olds in preschool. time frames (e.g., school years, fiscal years and three-year averages).
datacenter.kidscount.org
Hundredsofchildwell-being
indicatorsatyourfingertipsto
encouragepoliciesandsupportsmart
decisionsforchildrenandfamilies.
2
1
Enteranylocation,
topicorkeywordinto
thepowerfulsearch
enginetofindthe Create custom profiles Create maps
statisticsmostrelevant
toyourcommunity. Postdatavisualizations
onFacebook,addcustom
graphicstoTumblrandtweet
abouthowthewell-beingof
yourstate'schildrencompares
withtheregionandnation.
Create line graphs Create bar charts
STATE TRENDS IN CHILD WELL-BEING TheAnnieE.CaseyFoundation|www.aecf.org 39

MICHIGAN BACKGROUND INFORMATION
(All data are for 2014 unless otherwise noted)
POPULATION 2006 2013 % CHANGE FAMILY SUPPORT PROGRAMS NUMBER MI RATE

Total population 10,102,322 9,895,622 -2.0% Children receiving...
Child population 017 2,478,106 2,245,201 -9.4% Subsidized child care, ages 0121 30,374 1.9%
Ages 05 770,378 692,723 -10.1% FIP cash assistance 1,3
56,242 2.4%
Ages 612 952,048 878,545 -7.7% Food Assistance Program1,4 621,531 26.0%
Ages 1317 755,680 673,933 -10.8% Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) 298,014 52.0%
Child population by race
Children with support owed 520,547 20.6%
Hispanic 017 148,403 176,504 18.9%
Receiving none (% of those owed) 142,977 27.5%
Non-Hispanic 017
Receiving less than 70% of amount 326,729 62.8%
White 1,792,267 1,570,968 -12.3%
Average amount received (month) $215
African-American 453,605 403,262 -11.1%
Native American 18,126 18,586 2.5%
Other 65,705 75,881 15.5%
FAMILY & COMMUNITY NUMBER MI RATE
Births to moms without high school diploma 15,683 13.8%
or GED
High-poverty neighborhoods 387,024 17.1%
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE NUMBER MI RATE

Children with health insurance 2,222,794 95.7% ECONOMIC CLIMATE MICHIGAN
Children, ages 018, insured by... Unemployment 7.3%

Medicaid 1
937,489 39.2% Median household income (2013) $48,200
MIChild 35,728 1.5% Average cost of full-time child care-month (2015) $544
Fully immunized toddlers, ages 1935 Percent of full-time minimum wage (2015) 38.5%
months (for the series 4:3:1:3:3:1:4)1 123,277 73.8% Percent of young children ages 0/5 in
Lead poisoning in children, ages 12 Michigan families where all parents work 66.9%
Tested 87,917 37.6%
Poisoned (% of tested) 1,533 1.7%
1. As of December 2014.
Children, ages 114, hospitalized for asthma 2,439 14.2 2. Annual rate and number are based on the three-year period 20112013 and only for
(rate per 10,000)2 counties with a total number over 20.
3. Family Independence Program.
Children with special needs
4. State name for the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, formerly called
Students in Special Education1 205,214 13.6% food stamps. Note: Percentages reflect percent of population unless otherwise noted.
*Sometimes a rate could not be calculated because of low incidence of events or
Children receiving Supplemental Security 47,522 21.2
unavailable data.
Income (rate per 1,000)1
N/A not available.
Children, ages 03, receiving Early On services 8,898 2.6% See Data Notes and Sources for details.

MICHIGAN TRENDS IN CHILD WELL-BEING
BASE YEAR CURRENT YEAR PERCENT CHANGE IN RATE

Number Rate Number Rate WORSE BETTER
ECONOMIC SECURITY 2006 2014
Children in poverty, ages 017 444,913 18.3% 492,257 22.6% 23
Children, ages 05, eligible for SNAP 1
194,116 24.8% 221,322 31.9% 29
Students eligible for free/reduced price 200607 (SY) 201415 (SY)
school lunches2 612,022 36.2% 702,737 46.7% 29
HEALTH & SAFETY 200406 (avg) 201113 (avg)
Less than adequate prenatal care N/A N/A 33,923 29.9%
Low-birthweight babies** 10,751 8.4% 9,503 8.4% 0
Infant mortality (per 1,000) 979 7.6 777 6.8 10
Child/Teen deaths, ages 119 (per 100,000) 815 30.5 653 26.7 12
FAMILY & COMMUNITY (PER 1,000)
Births to teens, ages 1519 12,117 33.4 8,806 25.9 23
Child abuse/neglect 2006 2014
Children in investigated families 157,945 62.6 213,782 95.2 52
Confirmed victims 28,842 11.4 33,020 14.7 29
Children in out-of-home care 16,660 6.6 10,264 4.6 31
EDUCATION 200509 200913
Three- and four-year-olds in preschool 153,976 46.9% 146,526 47.5% 1
2007 2014
Students not graduating on time 34,453 24.5% 26,615 21.4% 13
Not proficient (M-STEP) 201415 (SY)
Third-graders (English Language Arts) 53,535 49.9%
Eighth-graders (Math) 75,854 67.8%
Eleventh-graders (English Language Arts) 52,318 50.7%
1
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.
2
Family income is below 185% poverty level.
*Sometimes a rate could not be calculated because of low incidence of events or unavailable data.
**Percent change in rate for low-birthweight babies did not change for Michigan.
SYSchool Year.
M-STEPMichigan Student Test of Educational Progress.
N/A not available.
Missing bars indicate no change or a rate could not be calculated; a 0 reflects no change. Percentage change is calculated with unrounded rates.

DATA IN ACTION
STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVING OVERALL CHILD WELL-BEING
ECONOMIC SECURITY:
Ensure access to affordable, quality child care;
Provide workforce development opportunities, including adult education and
postsecondary training and credentialing;
Improve workplace quality by providing earned paid sick leave for all workers;
Strengthen policies that support work, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit; and
Promote tools and policies that support asset building to achieve long-term
financial security.
HEALTH & SAFETY:

Ensure access to quality healthcare, including mental health services;
Improve oral healthcare by increasing access for adults on Medicaid and
completing expansion of Healthy Kids Dental; and
Create and maintain clean and safe environments through sufficient funding
for local communities.
FAMILY & COMMUNITY:

Invest in communities to improve quality of life and the creation of vibrant,
safe neighborhoods;
Expand home visitation in areas of high need to strengthen families;
Promote comprehensive strategies to prevent child abuse and neglect;
Maintain and expand services to prevent teen and unplanned pregnancy; and
Improve data collection and coordination on justice involved youth.
EDUCATION:
Adequately fund public schools targeting resources in high-need areas;
Increase access to early developmental screenings and services, such as Early On;
Provide early interventions to improve third-grade reading;
Engage parents early in their childrens education; and
Invest in youth development and career-technical education.

OVERALL
OverallCHILD
Child WELL-BEING RANKED
Well-Being Ranked
aw
een
Kew
Houghton
Ontonagon Baraga
Luce
Gogebic Marquette
Alger Chippewa
Iron Schoolcraft
Mackinac
Dickinson Delta
e
ne
mi
Emmet
an
no
yg
Me
Presque
o
eb
Ch
Charlevo Isle
ix
y
nc
ore
Antrim Otsego Alpena
ntm
u
na
Mo
ela
Le
Counties Ranked Benzie
Grand Kalkaska Crawford Oscoda Alcona
Traverse
1-20
n
e
mo
Iosco
ke
Wexford Ogemaw
au
om
Manistee
ss
21-40
sc
Mi
Ro
Arenac
41-60 Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin
Huron
61-82
Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay
No data
Tuscola Sanilac
Montcalm Saginaw
Muskegon Gratiot
Genesee Lapeer St. Clair

ee
Ionia Clinton
ass
Ottawa Kent
iaw
Sh
mb
co
Eaton Ingham Livingston Oakland
Ma
Allegan Barry
Van Buren Jackson Washtenaw Wayne

Kalamazoo Calhoun
Monroe
Berrien Cass St. Joseph Branch Hillsdale Lenawee
1. Livingston 11. Barry 21. Lenawee 31. Alger 41. Gratiot 51. Missaukee 61. Manistee 71. Montmorency 81. Clare
2. Ottawa 12. Grand Traverse 22. Eaton 32. Antrim 42. Schoolcraft 52. Branch 62. Arenac 72. Wexford 82. Lake
3. Clinton 13. Leelanau 22. Ionia 33. Sanilac 43. Saginaw 53. Van Buren 62. Luce 73. Alcona
4. Oakland 14. Delta 24. Menominee 34. Shiawassee 44. Kalamazoo 54. Cheboygan 64. Crawford 74. Kalkaska
5. Washtenaw 15. Monroe 25. Mackinac 35. Chippewa 45. Baraga 55. Cass 65. Mecosta 75. Genesee
6. Midland 16. Allegan 26. Kent 36. Bay 45. Montcalm 56. Oscoda 66. Wayne 76. Osceola
7. Marquette 17. Macomb 27. Isabella 37. Otsego 47. Gogebic 57. Ogemaw 67. Hillsdale 77. Oceana
8. Houghton 18. Lapeer 28. Tuscola 38. Alpena 48. Ontonagon 58. Berrien 68. St. Joseph 77. Roscommon
9. Huron 19. Dickinson 29. Benzie 39. Ingham 49. Gladwin 59. Newaygo 69. Calhoun 79. Iosco
10. Emmet 20. Charlevoix 30. St. Clair 39. Mason 50. Presque Isle 60. Jackson 70. Iron 80. Muskegon

ECONOMIC SECURITY
2014: Child poverty, ages 017 2014: Young children eligible for food aid (SNAP)
Michigan: 23% Michigan: 31.9%
5 Best Counties Rate 5 Worst Counties Rate 5 Best Counties Rate 5 Worst Counties Rate
Livingston 8.1% Lake 44.4% Livingston 11.5% Lake 56.2%
Ottawa 2014: Child
9.7% poverty, ages 0-17
Clare 38.8% Ottawa 12.8% Wayne 49.7%
Clinton 11.0% Ogemaw 35.8% Clinton 16.2% Roscommon 48.5%
Oakland 12.4% Wayne 35.2% Oakland 16.6% Genesee 44.9%
Grand Traverse 13.5% Roscommon 34.4% Leelanau 17.6% Saginaw 43.7%
# Counties # Counties # Counties # Counties # Counties # Counties

Ranked: 83 Changed: 83 Improved: 3 Ranked: 83 Changed: 82 Improved: 17
2014: Students eligible for free/reduced price lunch

Michigan: 46.7% "The economic benefits of investing in children
5 Best Counties Rate 5 Worst Counties Rate have been extensively documented...Investing
Livingston 21.1% Lake 92.3% fully in children today will ensure the well-
Clinton 27.2% Oceana 72.2% being and productivity of future generations
Washtenaw 29.2% Roscommon 66.5% for decades to come. By contrast, the physical,
Oakland 31.7% Iosco 65.2% emotional and intellectual impairment that
Ottawa 34.0% Cheboygan 64.4% poverty inflicts on children can mean a lifetime
# Counties # Counties # Counties of suffering and wantand a legacy of poverty
Ranked: 82 Changed: 82 Improved: 0 for the next generation..." Carol Bellamy

SIGNIFICANT DISPARITIES EXIST FOR CHILDREN IN POVERTY
60%
50%
40%
0 to 5 Years
30%
6 to 17 Years
20%
0 to 17 Years
10%
Source: Kids Count Data Center, Population Reference Bureau, analysis of data from the
U.S. Census Bureau, Census 2000 Supplementary Survey, 2001 Supplementary Survey, 2002
0% through 2014 American Community Survey
r
ic
l
an
ta
de
ce
tin
To
pa
ic
ra
an
La
er
is
e
sl
Am
or
or
-H
cI
m
on
ic
ifi
a-
an
or
c
,N
ric
Pa
sp
o
te
Af
Tw
d
Hi
hi
an
or
W
n
k
ia
ac
As
Bl
Too many Michigan families continue to struggle to make ends meet. The toll that living in poverty has
on parents and children is well documented. Income continues to be the best predictor of outcomes for
children related to education, physical health, socio-emotional health and long-term financial security. Yet
nearly 1 in 4 children in Michigan continues to live in poverty. Thats about a 23% increase in the rate since
before the Great Recession. Children of color fare even worse with nearly 1 in every 2 African-American
children and 1 in every 3 Hispanic children living in poverty.
While Michigan is technically out of the recession, it is clear that we are in a slow recovery process that has
left many families behind without the tools to reach their potential. The unemployment rate in the state is
at the lowest its been in a decade. However, many people are choosing to remain out of the workforce, are
being forced to accept jobs that pay well below the cost of living, and often are having to cobble together
part-time and temporary work. The financial strain that a household lives in has a real impact on a persons
ability to parent, not to mention the toxic stress that is created by living in poverty and the long-term effect
on childrens brain development.
Data in Action: Increasing Economic Security

Almost 23% of Michigans children live in poverty, 32% live in families where no parent has secure
employment, and the cost of child care exceeds 38% of 2015 full-time minimum wage earnings
Child well-being requires a solid foundation. Building strong families to 150%; increasing child care payment rates to the 75th percentile of
through two-generation approacheswhere parents have access to market rate; increasing the reimbursable hourly cap; and providing
quality, affordable child care, workforce development opportunities, payments on a daily or weekly basis rather than hourly.
quality workplaces, work supports and tools for long-term financial
securityare some of the most proven ways to reduce poverty and Workforce Development: Todays jobs, especially those that
improve child well-being. Racial and ethnic disparities must be offer family-supporting wages and benefits, require employees
addressed and efforts should also be targeted in communities of color. to have some level of postsecondary education. Yet Michigan has
underfunded its adult education system for decades and has not
Child Care: Having access to affordable and quality child care implemented reforms to make classes and training more accessible
improves a parents work attendance and employee turnover, to parents. Improving high school diploma/GED completion is a
which in turn increases a companys production and bottom line. first step towards economic security; however, many good paying
High-quality child care also provides an early learning experience jobs require postsecondary degrees or credentials.
to help ensure that kids are better prepared for school.
Improvements to Michigans adult education system include:
Improvements to Michigans child care subsidy program, which increasing state funding for adult education; providing classes
assists low-income families with the high cost of child care, include: and training in nontraditional settings and offering child care; and
increasing eligibility for families from 121% of the federal poverty level allowing Family Independence Program (FIP) recipients to have

Single Parent/Two Children Two Parents/Two Children
Annual Income Monthly Income Annual Income Monthly Income

Extreme Poverty (50% FPL) $9,537 $795 $12,004 $1,000
Federal Poverty Level (100% FPL) $19,073 $1,589 $24,008 $2,001
130% FPL $24,795 $2,066 $31,210 $2,601
185% FPL $35,285 $2,940 $44,415 $3,701
200% FPL $38,146 $3,179 $48,016 $4,001
Full-time minimum wage income* $17,680 $1,473 $17,680 $1,473
Amount minimum wage

earnings are below $1,393 $116 $6,328 $527
poverty level
*Based on full-time employment, full year with 2,080 hours annually for one parent and uses minimum wage rate of $8.50 per hour, effective Jan. 1, 2016
their federal work requirements met through participation in adult that prevent families from accessing temporary assistance, such as
education to ensure long-term economic security. truancy policies and drug testing.
Workplace Quality: Earned paid sick leave is extremely beneficial Long-term Financial Security: With so many parents patching
to families for multiple reasons. It allows new mothers to bond together various types of part-time and seasonal jobs that may come
with and nurse their infants while having the time to recover from with inconsistent schedules, families are likely to experience times
the birthing experienceall of which are important for the physical of income volatility. Without sufficient savings and assets to fall
and socio-emotional health of baby and mom. Earned sick leave back on, these families often live one paycheck away from complete
also allows parents to care for their children when they are sick. financial distress, which has clear negative impacts on children.
But 47% of private sector workers do not currently get earned sick
leave, including 70% of those in the lowest paying jobs.2 Financial security can be improved for Michigan families by:
encouraging the use and development of Individual Development
It can be costly to businesses when workers are sick as they are Accounts (IDAs) and college savings plans (529s) with targeted
less productive and, in some cases, could risk getting customers ill services for low- and moderate-income families.
as well. Research on earned paid sick leave shows that employers
actually benefit from increased employee retention and reduced
costs of hiring and training new employees.
Michigans work environments can be improved with the passage WHILE BEGINNING TO IMPROVE, CHILD
of legislation or approval of the citizen-led ballot initiative to give
earned paid sick leave to all workers.
POVERTY IN MICHIGAN REMAINS
STUBBORNLY HIGH
Work Supports: According to the supplemental poverty measure,
an alternative method that takes into account the effect of safety 30% Percent of Children, ages 017
net and tax policies on poverty, these programs positively impact
child poverty. In fact, through state and federal public assistance
programs and the federal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Child 25%
Tax Credit (CTC), children are lifted out of poverty, cutting Michigans
child poverty rate to 15%. Tax policies and safety net programs
matter to bridge the gaps to help working families make ends meet.
20%
The EITC, which lifts the most children out of poverty compared
with other programs, promotes work while allowing families to keep 15%
more of what they earn. Public assistance programs help ensure that
children dont go hungry and help blunt the effects of deep poverty
on families experiencing temporary financial hardship. 10%
Michigan can improve its tax policies and safety net programs by:
restoring the state EITC from the current 6% to 20% of the federal 5%
EITC; eliminating asset limits on food assistance, which act as
a barrier to enrollment, forcing families to deplete savings that
provide long-term financial security in order to gain temporary 0%
assistance while overburdening caseworkers with unnecessary 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
paperwork; and discontinuing punitive and ineffective policies Source: U. S. Census Bureau and Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE)

Child POVERTY
CHILD Poverty Rate
RATEIncreased
INCREASEDinIN80
80of
OF83
83Counties
COUNTIES
Over
OVER2006
2006and
AND2014
2014
aw
een
Kew
Houghton
Ontonagon Baraga
Luce
Gogebic Marquette
Alger Chippewa
Iron Schoolcraft
Mackinac
Dickinson Delta
e
ne
mi
Emmet
an
no
yg
Me
Presque
o
eb
Ch
Charlevo Isle
ix
y
nc
ore
ntm
u
na
Mo
ela
Le
Poverty Rate Increased Benzie
Traverse
More than 30%
n
e
mo
Iosco
ke
Wexford Ogemaw
au
om
Manistee
ss
sc
20% to 30%
Mi
Ro
Arenac
10% to 19% Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin
Huron
Less than 10%
Rate decreased Tuscola Sanilac
Montcalm Saginaw
Muskegon Gratiot
Michigans Rate Increased: 23.5%
ee
Ionia Clinton
ass
Ottawa Kent
iaw
Sh
mb
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area
co
Ma
Income and Poverty Estimates (SAIPE) Allegan Barry

Kalamazoo Calhoun
Monroe
In 2014, nearly half a million children under 17 before the recession, the percent of Michigans students eligible for
free or reduced lunch also increased by 30%. The counties with the
in Michigan lived in poverty
top five highest rate increases were: Isabella (114.2%); Eaton (80.2%);
Only three counties in Michigan experienced a decrease over the trend Macomb (74.7%); Allegan (73.5%); and Livingston (67.8%). Still more
period of 2006 compared to 2014 in its poverty rate for children under than 1 in 5 students were eligible for free or reduced lunch in the
17 years old: Baraga (-1.8%); Calhoun (-4.9%); and Saginaw (-2.3%). county with the lowest rate (Livingston County), which incidentally
The vast majority of the counties experienced a rate increase over the also experienced one of the highest increases.
trend period, which varied significantly, ranging from a low of 2.2%
in Houghton County to a high of 74.3% in Macomb County. Livingston 16% of children in Michigan lived in households that
County, which had the lowest child poverty rate, experienced an
increase of 42.1% over the trend period while the county with the
were food insecure at some point during the year
highest rate, Lake County, experienced a smaller increase of 16.8%. Similar to free and reduced lunch, the percent of young children
under age 6 who received food assistance through the federal
Children living in poverty are more likely to go hungry resulting in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) increased by 29%.
poor nutrition, physical health and readiness to learn in school. From In 2014, nearly 1 in every 3 young children received SNAP while 26%

THE RATE OF STUDENTS ELIGIBLE FOR FREE OR REDUCED LUNCH INCREASED BY 30%
50%
Percent of students enrolled
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
200607 201415
School Year Source: Michigan Department of Education
of all children, ages 018 years, received food assistance. However,

some regions and counties experienced decreases in the percent
of young children receiving food assistance. Of these 17 counties The vast majority of children eligible for
with declining numbers, more than half have higher percentages subsidized care live in working families
of children living in poverty than are participating in SNAP. With
Michigans implementation of asset tests as a part of determining while about a quarter live in a family
eligibility for food assistance, it could be that there remains a need, receiving assistance.
but the barriers are too much. States have reported ending their
use of asset tests because of the administrative burden placed on
both the state and familiesreporting assets requires much more
complicated paperwork and could deter families from seeking
assistance or prevent them from completing their applications while
also overburdening caseworkers.
On average, monthly child care consumed almost

40% of 2015 minimum wage earnings in Michigan
The state child care subsidy program is available to assist low-income
working parents, families receiving public assistance, foster parents,
or those families with an open protective or preventive services
case. The vast majority of children eligible for subsidized care live
in working families while about a quarter live in a family receiving
assistance. In 2014, less than 2% of children in the state, ages 012
years, received subsidized care. However, approximately 3 of every
4 eligible children received a subsidy payment for child care, which
averaged $271 per month. Important improvements were made in the
current fiscal year to improve continuity of care for children, including
the ability for a child to remain eligible for up to one year regardless of
growth in family income. Eligibility will also continue for a child until
their family income reaches 250% of the federal poverty level, and
provider rate increases were approved based on quality.

HEALTH & SAFETY
20112013: Less than adequate prenatal care 20112013: Low-birthweight babies

Michigan: 29.9% Michigan: 8.4%
Huron 16.0% Branch 43.0% Gogebic 3.5% Crawford 10.4%
2014: Child poverty, ages 0-17
Crawford 19.0% Calhoun 41.3% Houghton 4.3% Wayne 10.4%
Midland 19.9% Luce 41.3% Gladwin 5.1% Dickinson 10.3%
Oakland 20.3% Schoolcraft 41.0% Alcona 5.3% Genesee 10.2%
Bay 21.0% Baraga 40.5% Cheboygan 5.4% Iron 10.2%
Mackinac 5.4%
# Counties # Counties # Counties
Ranked: 83 Changed: N/A Improved: N/A Ogemaw 5.4%

Ranked: 81 Changed: 80 Improved: 38
20112013: Infant mortality 20112013: Child/teen deaths

Michigan: 6.8 per 1,000 Michigan: 26.7 per 100,000
Lapeer 2.4 Arenac 18.9 St. Joseph 12.4 Crawford 70.1
Clinton 2.5 Otsego 13.9 Ionia 14.4 Iosco 65.0
Shiawassee 3.2 Mecosta 11.8 Calhoun 18.5 Mason 57.6
Ionia 4.1 Kalkaska 11.6 Macomb 19.2 Branch 42.3
Marquette 4.1 Wexford 9.8 Washtenaw 19.2 Genesee 41.6


Children need to be healthy and safe if they are to reach their full potential. Ensuring that children start off
on the right path with a healthy birth, early detection of developmental disabilities, access to healthcare,
and safe, clean communities to live in are all necessary to enable children to thrive.
Social determinants, including social, economic and physical environments, have a tremendous impact on
health outcomes. Women with low incomes are more likely to experience inadequate nutrition and chronic
health conditions, which lead to a higher probability of delivering low-birthweight babiesthe leading
cause of infant mortalityand can lead to other health and developmental problems. Persistent health
disparities based on income and race and ethnicity continue to exist because of structural barriers that have
reduced opportunity for good health and well-being.
Data in Action: Improving Health & Safety

Nearly 30% of births were to mothers who received less than adequate prenatal care; 8.4% of babies are
born too small; almost 2% of children tested for lead poisoning have confirmed EBLs of 5+; and more than
26 of every 100,000 children died unnecessarily
Events and circumstances a person experiences throughout his/her life gain adequate and timely care, particularly women prior to their
from the very beginning have significant impacts on his/her long-term pregnancies, which will lead to healthier births. However, other
physical and mental well-being. To thrive, children and babies need barriers, such as awareness and transportation, continue to exist.
healthy moms and dads. Healthy kids are better learners and become
better positioned to meet their full potential. Strategies to improve the Additionally, access to behavioral health services is equally
health and safety of children must encompass a holistic approach to important. Approximately one-third of women in their childbearing
well-being and be targeted in the states most at-risk communities. and child-rearing years experience depressive symptoms. Maternal
depression can affect parenting, which can be even more stressful
Quality healthcare: A womans health prior to conception, during for those living in poverty, lacking necessary support and resources.
pregnancy and after the birth is extremely important to both her and
her childs well-being. With the expansion of Medicaid to uninsured To improve access to quality healthcare for women, especially
individuals with incomes up to 133% of the federal poverty level, mothers or those expecting, Michigan can continue to support
an increasing number of people are likely to become insured and enrollment in Medicaid and the Healthy Michigan Plan; promote
OVER 5,400 BIRTHS WERE TO MOMS NO PROGRESS IN RATE OF LOW-

RECEIVING LATE OR NO PRENATAL CARE BIRTHWEIGHT BABIES, DISPARITIES PERSIST
Percent of live births Percent of live births
10 15
8
10
6
4
5
2 4.8 3.8 7.6 6.5 8.4 7.0 13.8 7.3
0 0
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Division for Vital Records and Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Division for Vital Records and
Health Statistics Health Statistics
All Races White, Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic Hispanic

SIGNIFICANT DISPARITIES EXIST IN INFANT DEATH RATES WITH TROUBLING TRENDS
18 Black, Non-Hispanic
16 15.1
American Indian,
Non-Hispanic
14 13.4 Hispanic
Rate per 1,000 births
12
10.0 Total
10 9.5
9.7
8.5 White, Non-Hispanic
8 7.6
6.8 Asian/Pacific Islander,
6 5.5 5.0
Non-Hispanic
4 4.1 3.9
2
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics
healthy behaviors and opportunities to increase adequate crisiswhich has led to reduced or lower-quality services and
nutrition; explore solutions to transportation barriers that exist programs affecting safety and law enforcement, clean water, and
in many rural communities; and encourage behavioral health parks and recreation. After many years of decreases in revenue
screenings of all women while also providing adequate funding for sharing, the state must adequately fund local governments to help
community mental health services for families and their children. improve the health and well-being of children and families.
Oral healthcare: Tooth decay remains the No. 1 chronic disease in In 2015, it was revealed that the residents, and most importantly
children. Toothaches and other dental issues can cause children children, of Flint had experienced the unthinkable. Children in the city
to do poorly in school or even miss days. Additionally, it is also were exposed to lead because of the failure of government to provide
critical during pregnancy as poor oral health has been linked to an access to a basic need: clean water. The effects of lead poisoning are
increased risk of preterm birth and low-birthweight babies. irreversible and can cause long-term health and behavioral issues with
clear consequences on educational outcomes and other well-being
Michigan can complete the expansion of Healthy Kids Dental to the factors. While this is clearly a major public health crisis in Flint that
more than 130,000 low-income kids in Kent, Oakland and Wayne the state must address now and for decades to come, it also provides
counties between the ages of 1320 who remain without this an opportunity to elevate awareness of lead poisoning that exists in
enhanced coverage, and increase access for the adult Medicaid many other areas of the state as well. Of the 12-year-olds screened
population to receive dental care. and tested in Michigan, on average 1.7% had confirmed elevated
blood levels of more than 5ug/dL. In Wayne County (4.7%), the rate is
Clean and safe environments: The type of community that a person more than double the state average while the next two worst counties,
lives in has clear effects on his/her overall health and well-being. Calhoun (3.2%) and Muskegon (3.2%), have rates nearly double the
Those who live in communities that not only provide the basicssafe state average.
drinking water and clean airbut also are rich with resources such
as parks, community centers, and grocery stores with fresh produce Asthma is another condition experienced by many children in the
and have lower crime rates will experience better health outcomes. state that has implications for health and learning. More than 8% of
The effects of stressful environments, such as unsafe or polluted children in Michigan under 18 years old are affected by asthma. In
neighborhoods, have been documented to cause health-related addition to the known environmental factors that can increase the
conditions like asthma. Plus, many families with low incomes are condition, recent research has connected stressful situations, such
constrained by their incomes and wind up in unsafe housing where as poverty and exposure to violence, to the onset of asthma. With
lead poisoning poses a threat to childrens brain development. approximately 2 of every 3 children in Detroit coping with an adverse
childhood experience, the city leads the nation in toxic stressors and
To improve environmental health, Michigan can increase funding asthma rates for children up to 11 years old. It is third in the country
for the Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention Program. The state for the share of children under the age of 18 with asthma.
has consistently underfunded childhood lead prevention relying
on various federal resources. Additionally, many local communities With the appropriate resources and care, asthma can be managed.
are experiencing financial crisisor are on the brink of falling into Changes in insurance providers, the cost of medications and access

30%30% of Michigan
OF MICHIGAN Mothers
MOTHERS Receiving
RECEIVING Poor
POOR Prenatal
PRENATAL Care
CARE
(20112013)
(2011-2013)
aw
een
Kew
Houghton
Ontonagon Baraga
Luce
Gogebic Marquette
Alger Chippewa
Iron Schoolcraft
Mackinac
Dickinson Delta
e
ne
mi
Emmet
an
no
yg
Me
Presque
o
eb
Ch
Charlevo Isle
ix
y
nc
ore
ntm
u
na
Mothers With Less than Adequate
Mo
ela
Le
Prenatal Care (20112013) Benzie
Traverse
More than 35%
n
e
mo
Iosco
ke
Wexford Ogemaw
au
om
Manistee
ss
sc
25% to 35%
Mi
Ro
Arenac
Less than 25% Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin
Huron
Michigans Rate: 29.9% Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay

Tuscola Sanilac
Montcalm Saginaw
Muskegon Gratiot

ee
Ionia Clinton
ass
Ottawa Kent
iaw
Sh
mb
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human
co
Ma
Services, Vital Records and Health Statistics Allegan Barry

Kalamazoo Calhoun
Monroe
to services, however, can make it more difficult for some families information on healthy behaviors, and prevent negative health
to manage the breathing condition. In 201113, there were 14.2 per outcomes. Still, in 20112013, nearly 5% of births were to mothers
10,000 children, ages 114, hospitalized due to asthma. Ten counties who received late or no prenatal care. In addition, nearly 30% of births
diverse in rural, urban and suburbanhave rates higher than the were to mothers who received less than adequate prenatal care.
state average. The five counties with the highest rates per 10,000
of hospitalizations due to asthma are Wexford (27.2); Gratiot (23.6); Over the three year period, urban counties fared somewhat better than
Wayne (22.6); Washtenaw (21.8); and Isabella (20.8). Ottawa, Allegan, mid size and rural counties in the percent of births to mothers receiving
and St. Joseph counties experienced the lowest rates. less than adequate prenatal care; however, it was still close to 30%. Mid
size and rural counties experienced higher rates of around 32% of births
In 20112013, more than 9,500 babies in Michigan while the city of Detroit experienced a rate of 40%.
were born too small
Systemic barriers to care lead to racial disparities in low-birthweight
Prenatal care is important for both mom and baby. It can reduce the babies, the leading cause of infant mortalities, and can be the cause
risk of a baby being born too small, identify health concerns, provide of developmental delays for children. Statewide, the share of infants

born too small has remained constant at 8.4% with much higher rates Cheboygan-Otsego-Presque Isle counties with both the number and
for African-American babies (13.8%) compared with White (7.0%) rate nearly doubling. Urban counties generally experienced higher
and Hispanic babies (7.3%). Some regions of the state, however, infant mortality rates than the state average (7 per 1,000 births) than
demonstrated notable improvements over the trend period, such as rural counties (6.2 per 1,000 births). In particular, Detroits 20112013
Gogebic-Ontonagon counties (56%) while Dickinson-Iron counties rate was 7 per 1,000 births following a 10% decline from the previous
experienced an increase in low-birthweight babies by 10%. The city 20042006 base period.
of Detroit experienced a 4.6% reduction, although the rest of Wayne
County saw an increase of 4.3%. The southeastern Michigan region While some progress has been made to close the racial gap in infant
had an overall slight decrease of 1%. death rates, significant disparities continue to persist. In 2005, there
were three times as many infant deaths for Black, non-Hispanics than
Michigans infant mortality rate remains unacceptably high and for White, non-Hispanics. That ratio fell to 2.3 in 2013. Additionally,
is above the national average. However, there was a 10% decline the American Indian, non-Hispanic infant mortality rate is the second
over the trend period with more than half of the counties with data highest and shows a slight increase from 2008 to 2013. Also troubling
experiencing at least the same level of decline, if not more. Of concern is that after making some progress from 2008 to 2011, the infant
is that 18 of the 45 counties with sufficient data had an increase in mortality rate for Hispanics is on the rise.
the rate of infant deaths from 20042006 to 20112013, including
UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FOR ALL CHILDREN,

SUICIDE AND HOMICIDE SECOND AND THIRD FOR YOUNG PEOPLE
Accidents
Suicide
14 Years Homicide
Other
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human

Services, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics
514 Years 1524 Years

CAUSES OF TEEN DEATHS VARY WIDELY ACROSS RACE AND ETHNICITY
50 Black, Non-Hispanic
White, Non-Hispanic
40 Hispanic
Other, Non-Hispanic
Source: Michigan Department of Health and
Rate per 100,000
30 Human Services, Division for Vital Records and

Health Statistics
20
10
0
Homicide Suicide Accident Disease
2012: Ages 1519 Years
Steady progress with fewer child deaths, state rate

down by over 12% from 20042006
For young people, suicide and homicide
Keeping children safe from harm and from early death is essential to
long-term child well-being. Unintentional injuriesthose that can rank as the second and third leading
be prevented with proper safety precautionsare the leading cause causes of death.
of death for children in Michigan. For young people, suicide and
homicide rank as the second and third leading causes of death. Over
the trend period, the state experienced a decline of 12.4% in the child
death rate. Most counties also had declines, including St. Joseph and
Wexford counties, which showed the most improvement. Clinton and
Jackson counties had the highest increases in their child death rate.
African-American youth are disproportionately more likely to die

from homicide compared with their White and Hispanic peers. White
teens are at higher risk of death by suicide and accident. Firearms are
involved in the majority of homicides and suicides. Several policies
have been put into place to prevent accidents, such as graduated
drivers licenses, but not as much has been done to address youth
safety, particularly the disparate number of African-American
homicides. Schools and neighborhoods must be safe and access to
guns must not be easy.

FAMILY & COMMUNITY
20112013: Teen births 2014: Children in investigated families

Washtenaw 9.1 Lake 46.2 Keweenaw 18.0 Lake 259.6
Livingston 2014: Child
9.2 poverty, ages 0-17
Wexford 42.5 Livingston 2014: Child
Luce 241.1
Houghton 11.3 St. Joseph 42.3 Oakland 49.3 Roscommon 216.6
Isabella 11.4 Clare 40.6 Clinton 54.3 Iosco 180.7
Marquette 12.5 Calhoun 40.5 Ottawa 55.0 Crawford 179.1

2014: Confirmed victims of abuse/neglect 2014: Children in out-of-home care

Oakland 5.9 Lake 68.6 Houghton 1.6 Luce 32.1
Macomb 2014: Child
Antrim 36.2 Missaukee 2014: Child
Lake 24.6
Houghton 7.9 Missaukee 35.8 Oakland 2.0 Crawford 15.0
Clinton 8.6 Wexford 35.8 Ottawa 2.0 Arenac 14.7
Livingston 8.6 Alger 34.6 Clinton 2.2 Alcona 12.6
Ionia 2.2
Ranked: 82 Changed: 79 Improved: 12 # Counties # Counties # Counties
Ranked: 79 Changed: 78 Improved: 34

Families and communities are critical to a strong foundation for child well-being. At the center of a
childs world are the people they interact with every day and the places in which they live. When homes
or neighborhoods are not well positioned to protect children from toxic stress or adverse childhood
experiences, children are faced with barriers to meet their full potential. The trauma caused by living in
poverty, being abused or neglected, living with a parent with a substance abuse disorder, or having an
incarcerated parent has real consequences for a childs long-term outcomes.
Data in Action: Strengthening Families and Communities

Over 17% of Michigans children live in concentrated poverty, 28% of children experience two or more
adverse experiences, nearly 10% of children live in a home investigated for abuse and/or neglect, and
8,000 babies are born to teen moms
With strong institutions and resources, communities can help build Michigan should continue to increase revenue sharing to fully
resilient families and neighborhoods, which are essential to child well- fund local government, ensure access to safe and reliable public
being. To prevent child abuse and neglect, proven services should transportation, and support affordable housing and community
be targeted to those most at risk to help expectant and new parents development initiatives.
access tools and information and ensure that they are supported
in their new roles. Safety, stability and nurturing at home and in Expand home visitation programs: Early childhood programs like
communities are critical to child development. Additionally, teen and home visitation offer many benefits, including increased school
unintended pregnancies can put mothers and children at risk and readiness and decreased juvenile justice encounters. Many of the
pregnancy prevention should remain a priority. evidence-based models target the prevention of child abuse and
neglect and attainment of financial security. Young children are at
Invest in communities: While revenue sharing has increased the highest risk of abuse and neglect. Having a trained professional
over the last few fiscal years, the state is currently underfunding available to help parents of young children identify and prevent
cities, villages and townships by 70%. These funds help local issues early can be crucial to strengthening parenting skills and
communities provide police and fire services, street and sidewalk improving short- and long-term outcomes for children. Home visitors
maintenance and repairs, and trails and parks. Creating safe and assist at-risk mothers and families to create a safe, nurturing and
vibrant communities with plenty of opportunities for improved stimulating environment to help their children grow and develop.
quality of lifereduced blight, public transportation and
recreational activitiesis important for families in so many ways. Michigan has a long history of supporting evidence-based and
Safe routes to school improve school attendance and educational proven home visitation services. With the passage of PA 291 in
outcomes. Access to reliable public transportation is important for 2012, the state is building its capacity to collect data on need
job opportunities and employment. In the case of the city of Flint, and effectiveness and ensure needed community collaboration.
investment in crumbling infrastructure would provide basic safety As this work continues, the state should become well positioned
for families and also attract people and businesses. to identify additional geographic areas of need to expand these
CHILDREN OF COLOR ARE MUCH MORE LIKELY TO LIVE IN HIGH-POVERTY NEIGHBORHOODS

60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
18% 12% 55% 30% 7% 22% 17% Source: National Kids Count Data
0% Center, 20092013
an
ic
es
l
er
ta
tin
ica
an
nd
ac
di
To
La
isp
er
er
In
sla
m
n
or
or
-H
cI
ica
-A
m
on
ic
ifi
n
er
an
or
ca
c
,N
Pa
Am
sp
fri
o
te
Tw
n
rA
Hi
hi
ia
W
ko
As
ac
Bl

PERCENT OF CHILDREN LIVING IN HIGH-POVERTY
NEIGHBORHOODS VARIES ACROSS THE STATE
County Number Percent County Number Percent

Michigan 387,024 17.1 Eaton 868 3.6
Allegan 1,659 5.9 Genesee 30,605 30.1
Bay 2,856 12.4 Gratiot 1,936 22.3
Berrien 6,664 18.7 Hillsdale 2,428 22.9
Calhoun 5,695 18.1 Houghton 426 5.8
Cheboygan 604 12.2 Ingham 13,521 23.8
Chippewa 1,705 23.1 Ionia 455 2.9
Clare 2,632 42.4 Iosco 561 12.9
Clinton 343 1.9 Isabella 2,506 21.0
Delta 545 7.4 Jackson 5,935 16.5
County Number Percent County Number Percent

Kalamazoo 9,348 16.7 Osceola 1,182 21.7
Kent 27,375 17.6 Oscoda 430 25.9
Lenawee 2,946 13.4 Ottawa 1,273 1.9
Macomb 14,528 7.7 Saginaw 12,421 27.7
Marquette 1,429 11.7 St. Clair 5,007 13.6
Mecosta 1,372 16.6 St. Joseph 1,117 7.3
Monroe 450 1.3 Van Buren 2,066 11.2
Muskegon 8,398 20.5 Washtenaw 4,862 6.9
Oakland 17,137 6.2 Wayne 192,896 43.6
Ogemaw 843 20.0 *Source: American Community Survey, 5 Year Average, 200913
proven models to reduce child abuse and neglect, increase school under the same agency, there is potential for more integrated
readiness, and improve the health of moms and babies. discussion about how to prevent child abuse and neglect.
Promote comprehensive strategies to prevent child abuse and Maintain and expand pregnancy prevention services: Teen
neglect: While state funding for child abuse and neglect prevention pregnancies are rarely planned. Plus, 45% of women of all ages
has declinedor at best stagnatedand is an issue to be giving birth report that their pregnancies were unintended.
addressed, prevention encompasses much more. Children living The social and economic consequences of teen and unintended
in poverty or in households where a parent suffers from substance childbearing are dire and long lasting. While significant progress
abuse or depression are at higher risk of becoming victims of abuse has been made to reduce teen pregnancy, Michigans and the
or neglect. As referenced in earlier recommendations, parents countrys teen birth rates remain among the highest of any
need to be connected to workforce development opportunities industrialized country, providing evidence that policymakers must
and income support programs. Additionally, with the resurgence of continue to focus on strategies that work. Women who plan their
prescription pill and heroin addictions in the state, it has become pregnancies are more likely to be financially secure, seek prenatal
increasingly critical to ensure access to mental health services, care earlier, and be in a stable relationship, all of which benefit
including treatment for substance abuse and depression. In fact, mother and child well-being.
nearly 30% of children confirmed as victims of abuse or neglect
were exposed to drug activities, with the majority of these children To help reduce the number of teen and unplanned pregnancies,
being exposed to substance abuse (61.7%) or testing positive for Michigan policymakers should support funding for evidence-
drugs as infants (28.6%). based, results-driven programming. This should include targeting
resources specifically for youth in foster care and the juvenile
The creation of the state Department of Health and Human justice system, who experience teen pregnancy at rates higher
Services (DHHS) has presented an opportunity to view the than average. Additionally, to prevent unintended pregnancies,
prevention of child abuse and neglect more holistically. With women must have access to affordable contraception that includes
childrens services, income assistance programs and public health a full range of methods. Finally, as mentioned previously, early

childhood programs, such as home visitation, improve the health Also rising over the trend period, by 29%, was the rate of children
and outcomes of moms and babies and have been shown to also confirmed as victims of abuse or neglect. In 2014, nearly 15 of every
help with family planning. 1,000 children, ages 017, were confirmed victims of abuse or neglect
compared with just over 11 per 1,000 in 2006. Again, Lake County
Living in a high-poverty neighborhood, where crime rates are often (68.6 per 1,000) experienced the highest rate of children confirmed
very high, can have detrimental impacts on child well-being, even as victims, which increased at one of the highest rates of all counties.
for those children whose families are better off financially. Limited Children in Oakland County were the least likely to be confirmed
access to resources and opportunities throughout ones life can result victims of abuse or neglect (5.9 per 1,000) and the county experienced
in lower school achievement and economic security and increased one of the largest declines in its rate (18%). However, Baraga County
contact with the justice system. Michigan ranks in the bottom 10 in had the greatest rate decrease (44%), which is partially due to small
the country for its high percentage of children living in concentrated numbers of incidences.
poverty (17%). Significant disparities exist by race and ethnicity.
While 7% of White children live in high-poverty neighborhoods, more Each reported case of abuse and/or neglect is investigated by a
than half of African-American children, almost 1 of every 3 Hispanic Children's Protective Services (CPS) worker at the Department of Health
children, nearly 1 of every 5 American Indian children, and 1 of every 8 and Human Services (DHHS) and is categorized based on the evidence
Asian and Pacific Islander children experience it. collected and the safety risk for recurrence of abuse or neglect:
For the 38 counties with available data, 16 have concentrated poverty Category I: These are the most serious cases of abuse or neglect
rates higher than the state average of 17%, including three counties against a child. In these situations, a preponderance of evidence
with at least 30% or more of their children living in concentrated is found and a court petition is filed to remove the child/children
poverty. The vast majority of counties have more than 10% of children from the home. The department is required to provide services,
living in high-poverty neighborhoods, including Clare (42.4%); Genesee either through CPS or foster care, and the family must participate
(30.1%); Oscoda (25.9%); Saginaw (27.7%); and Wayne (43.6%) counties. in community-based services.
Five counties experienced rates less than 5%: Clinton (1.9%); Eaton
(3.6%); Ionia (2.9%); Monroe (1.3%); and Ottawa (1.9%). Category II: There is a preponderance of evidence of abuse or
neglect and based on the risk assessment, there exists a high or
Over 90% of confirmed victims were neglected and intensive risk of future abuse or neglect to the child. The family
is required to receive services from DHHS and participate in
26% physically abused
community-based services.
Experiencing traumatic events, such as abuse or neglect, or enduring
toxic stress like chronic poverty can have long-lasting effects on Category III: A preponderance of evidence of abuse or neglect is
children through adulthood. Over the trend period, the rate of children found and it is determined that there is a low to moderate risk
in Michigan living in families investigated for child abuse and neglect of future abuse or neglect. The family is referred to community-
increased by 52%. In 2014, more than 95 per 1,000 children, ages 017, based services.
lived in a family investigated for abuse or neglect. Children in Keweenaw
County fared the best (18 per 1,000) while those in Lake County Category IV: In these cases, the investigation reveals that there
experienced the highest investigation rates in the state (259 per 1,000). is no preponderance of evidence of abuse or neglect. However,
Keweenaw County was the only county to experience a decline during the department assists the family with voluntary participation in
the trend period. Alpena had the largest rate increase (191.6%). appropriate community-based services.
CHILDREN WITH DIAGNOSED DISABILITIES LESS LIKELY TO BE REUNIFIED
60% All Exits

50.3%
50% Children with
Disabilities
40% 37.2% 36.9%
30.9% Source: Adoption and Foster Care Analysis
and Reporting System (AFCARS), 2013
30%
20.0%
20%
12.5%
10% 6.0% 5.3%
0%
n
r
he
tio
io
hi
at
s
Ot
op
an
fic
Ad
di
ni
ar
u
Gu
Re

Child Abuse
CHILD ABUSE and
AND Neglect
NEGLECTRemains
REMAINS High for 70%
HIGH FOR 70% of
OFCounties
COUNTIESin
IN2014
2014
aw
een
Kew
Houghton
Ontonagon Baraga
Luce
Gogebic Marquette
Alger Chippewa
Iron Schoolcraft
Mackinac
Dickinson Delta
e
ne
mi Emmet
an
no
yg
Me
Presque
o
eb
Ch
Charlevo Isle
ix
y
nc
ore
ntm
u
na
Rate of Confirmed Victims of Abuse/
Mo
ela
Le
Neglect (Per 1,000 Kids, Ages 0-17) Benzie
Traverse
More than 30
n
e
mo
Iosco
ke
Wexford Ogemaw
au
om
Manistee
ss
sc
21 to 29
Mi
Ro
Arenac
15 to 20 Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin
Huron
Less than 15
No data Tuscola Sanilac

Montcalm Saginaw
Muskegon Gratiot
Michigans Rate: 14.7
Ionia Clinton ee
ass
Ottawa Kent
iaw
Sh
mb
Source: Michigan Department of Human Services
co
Ma
Allegan Barry

Kalamazoo Calhoun
Monroe
Category V: There may not be any evidence of abuse or neglect, More than 50% of children in foster care are reunited
the court decides not to issue an order to require the family to with their families
cooperate or the family cannot be located.
While the goal is always to return a child to his/her family, sometimes
In 2014, the vast majority of the 80,117 cases investigated revealed children are removed from their homes until safety issues are
no evidence of abuse or neglect (Category IV: 69.08%; Category V: resolved. Although the rate of child abuse and neglect increased over
4.5%). Abuse or neglect occurred in more than one-quarter of the the trend period, the state average for out-of-home care declined by
cases (Category I: 5.6%; Category II: 7.58%; Category III: 13.08%). 31%. However, these rates vary significantly by county. For example,
Many of these families are required or encouraged to participate Houghton County had the lowest out-of-home placement rate of 1.6
in community-based services to help strengthen their families and per 1,000 children, ages 017, and Luce County had the highest rate
parenting skills. It is critical to ensure that services are available, of 32.1 for every 1,000 children. The state average rate is 4.6 per 1,000.
particularly in rural counties, and that there are no barriers to Additionally, less than half of counties experienced a decline in the
accessing needed services like transportation. rate of out-of-home placement (35 of 75 counties) ranging from -70%

MAJOR DECLINES IN TEEN BIRTHS OCCURRED FOR ALL
RACIAL/ETHNIC GROUPS OVER LAST TWO DECADES
Percent of total births by race/ethnicity
30 African-American
25 Hispanic
White
20
Source: Michigan Department of Health
15 and Human Services, Division for Vital
Records and Health Statistics
10
5
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
(Genesee County) to -0.2% (Grand Traverse-Leelanau counties). Over the trend period, the rate of teen births in Michigan declined
The remaining 40 counties experienced increases in their out-of-home by nearly 23%, falling to nearly 26 per 1,000. Washtenaw County
placement rates between 2.1% (Barry County) and 150% (Livingston had the lowest teen birth rate (9.1 per 1,000) while Lake County
County). Some smaller counties also experienced significant increases had the highest (46.2 per 1,000). Kalkaska County experienced
in out-of-home placement rates. the largest decline of more than 47% over the trend period and
Roscommon County had a significant increase of more than 31%.
When a child is placed into care outside of the home, the DHHS strives Larger percentages of teen births exist in counties, such as Lake and
to move the child into permanency as quickly as possible whether it Roscommon, which are besieged by poverty. Such a concentration of
is reunification with his/her family or a new home through adoption. social and economic disadvantage in counties and communities and
The majority of children do return homeagain making access to among our largest racial/ethnic groups speaks to a pervasive need for
services very importantbut nearly a third are adopted and a smaller a renewed commitment to comprehensive evidence-based prevention
percentage are placed into guardianship (6%). However, children with strategies that include economic opportunity.
diagnosed disabilities are less likely to be reunited with their families.
Percent of teen births has declined dramatically for all

races and ethnicities Such a concentration of social and
The 2013 teen birth rate in Michigan improved to 24 per 1,000 economic disadvantage in counties
teens and remained lower than the national average (26 per 1,000). and communities and among our
Similar to the decline in teen birth rates, the percentage of total
Michigan babies born to young women under the age of 20 decreased largest racial/ethnic groups speaks
substantially (40%) over the past two decades. The overall percentage to a pervasive need for a renewed
dropped from 13% in 1992 to 7% in 2013. While the states three major
racial/ethnic groups all experienced declines in teen births of roughly commitment to comprehensive
40%, large differences persisted. Even with the decrease, in 2013, evidence-based prevention strategies
African-American teen births still comprised 17% of all births and
Hispanic teen births were 14% of all births compared with 6% of all that include economic opportunity.
births for White teen births.

IMPROVING DATA COLLECTION TO
HELP JUSTICE INVOLVED YOUTH
With the 2012 U.S. Supreme Court decision asserting that essentially Nearly 22% of the delinquent cases were diverted while over 12% were
children are children and should be sentenced and treated as such placed on the consent calendar to be handled informally.
and in 2015 affirming that this should be applied retroactively, recent
juvenile facility closures at the state level, and pending legislation that Almost one-fifth of the delinquent cases were dismissed either by
has the potential to truly reform the way that Michigan treats justice the party or court.
involved youth, data collection has become even more critical.
In one-third of the juvenile cases disposed, a guilty plea or
To ensure that the needs of youths are met through prevention, admission was entered. Another 1% resulted in a verdict by a jury
diversion and reentry services effectively and efficiently, the states or a judge.
juvenile justice systemand other related systemsneed to be
strengthened with policy decisions driven by good reliable data. This Over the past 10 years, 20,291 youth under 18 were convicted as
means that all courts and facilities are required and funded to report adults in Michigan.
data, consistent definitions exist across localities, and racial and ethnic
disparities are addressed. Michigan is one of only nine states that automatically considers
17-year-olds as adults, accounting for 95% of youth in the adult
What we know about justice involved youth system. The majority of these youth (59%) were convicted of
nonviolent offenses and 58% had no prior juvenile record.
The majority of youth in Michigans juvenile justice system are diverted
or successfully served in the community. Approximately 74% of justice
Youth who are 14 to 16 years old can be waived to adult court via
involved youth are diverted from placement and ordered by the court
traditional (judicial) waiver or automatic (prosecutorial) waiver.
into a program such as probation or other in-home and community-
In 2014, through either traditional or prosecutorial waiver, 70
based programs.
delinquency cases were sent to adult criminal court.
2014 judicial data shows :
Youth of any age can be designated (adult criminal proceedings in
juvenile court). Of the designated cases, a guilty plea was entered for
36,788 delinquency cases were pending, newly filed or reopened.
the vast majority (55) and a smaller number was dismissed by the
court (20) or the party (3).
SIGNIFICANT DISPARITIES EXIST WITHIN THE JUVENILE JUSTICE SYSTEM

AT NEARLY EVERY DECISION POINT
Population (921,334 total) 18% 7% 78%
Arrests (13,265 total) 40% 3% 53%
Referrals (17,516 total) 35% 2% 49%
Detentions (1,666 total) 30% 4% 51%
Petitions (9,880 total) 36% 3% 51%
Delinquent Findings (5,511 total) 33% 2% 53%
Confinement (2,663 total) 19% 2% 64%
Waivers (33 total) 61% 6% 30%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Black or African-American Hispanic or Latino White

Percentages may not total exactly 100% due to rounding. Not all counties reporting.
Source: Michigan Committee on Juvenile Justice, 2012 Data

EDUCATION
2013: 3- and 4-year-olds in preschool 2015: 3rd-graders not proficient in English Language Arts
Michigan: 47.5% Michigan: 49.9%
Leelanau 63.0% Ontonagon 20.3% Schoolcraft 21.6% Oceana 67.1%
2014: Child poverty, ages 0-17
Washtenaw 59.9% Montmorency 20.6% Barry 32.3% Alcona 64.8%
Oakland 58.7% Mackinac 27.2% Ottawa 32.6% Cheboygan 62.9%
Roscommon 58.5% Iron 28.3% Charlevoix 34.7% Baraga 62.2%
Huron 57.9% Houghton 29.9% Houghton 36.1% Lake 61.7%

Ranked: 82 Changed: 78 Improved: 47 Ranked: 82 Changed: N/A Improved: N/A
2015: 8th-graders not proficient in Math 2014: High school students not proficient
in English Language Arts
Michigan: 67.8%
Michigan: 41.3%
5 Best Counties Rate 5 Worst Counties Rate
Crawford 47.0% Lake 86.2%
Washtenaw 27.8% Lake 72.7%
Washtenaw 51.5% Manistee 84.8%
Midland 28.5% Clare 55.2%
Emmet 53.3% Alcona 83.0%
Clinton 30.8% Osceola 54.3%
Mackinac 53.3% Wexford 81.8%
Ottawa 30.8% Montmorency 54.2%
Ottawa 54.6% Schoolcraft 81.2%
Emmet 31.8% Ontonagon 54.0%
Ranked: 82 Changed: N/A Improved: N/A
Ranked: 82 Changed: N/A Improved: N/A

2014: Students not graduating on time Michigans future economic prosperity and standing
heavily depends on having a highly educated and
Michigan: 21.4%
skilled workforce. Education, beginning prenatally
with a healthy birth and on into adulthood as
Mackinac 5.9% Leelanau 44.6%
lifelong learners, is critically important for overall
Delta 8.6% Lake 44.4%
well-being. Improved educational outcomes are
Oscoda 9.5% Manistee 36.6%
connected to a number of factors, such as parental
Iron 10.3% Roscommon 34.5%
economic opportunity and community resources.
Livingston 10.7% Berrien 28.7%
Research has also demonstrated the importance of
# Counties # Counties # Counties early learning and parental engagement to school
Ranked: 82 Changed: 82 Improved: 49 readiness and long-term achievement.
Data in Action: Improving Educational Outcomes

60% of young children living in households under 200% of the federal poverty level are not in preschool,
nearly 50% of third-graders are considered not proficient in English Language Arts, 15% of children under
6 are read to less than three days per week, and 6% of youth are either not in school or working
With a changing economy from brawn to brain, policymakers became Currently 2.6% of the eligible population is being served; however,
focused on improving educational outcomes as one of the best ways it is estimated that almost 8% of children are eligible to receive
to achieve economic security, improved health and other benefits. Early On services. To increase screenings and services, Michigan
Following the Great Recession, the biggest economic downturn to can allocate state funds for Early On (Part C of the Individuals with
affect Americans since the Great Depression, there continues to be Disabilities Education Act [IDEA]), which provides specialized early
concentrated attention on how to help students achieve at higher intervention services and supports to infants and toddlers with
levels. What is clear, however, is that deep disparities continue to disabilities and developmental delays and their families. Michigan
exist based on race, place and income. There is a strong connection should join the majority of states that help bolster the reach of the
between poverty and concentrated poverty with educational outcomes. program with the use of state funds.
These must be addressed simultaneously if students are to reach
their full potential, providing businesses with a skilled workforce and Provide early interventions to improve third-grade reading:
communities and families with economic stability. Reading by the end of third grade represents a critical milestone
in a students long-term academic achievement. School readiness
Adequately fund public schools targeting high-need areas: starts with a healthy birth and pregnancy. Learning begins well
Although state funding increases have been made after significant before a child even reaches kindergarten and strategies to increase
cuts in 2011, Michigan continues to fare poorly in educational reading proficiency should reflect that notion.
investments compared to other states. Without adequate support,
schools cannot possibly provide safe and comfortable buildings, Home visitation and Early On, as mentioned in previous policy
up-to-date textbooks or technology, or enriched or expanded recommendations, are two key early childhood programs that
learning opportunities, making it more difficult to deliver a high- can improve school readiness and reading outcomes. The state
quality education to students. has made progress in expanding 4-year-old preschool programs;
however, it should also establish a state 3-year-old preschool
The Fiscal Year 2016 budget included investments to improve program. Additionally, any legislation aimed at improving third-
third-grade reading, which will need to be increased for schools to grade reading should be a comprehensive solution that invests in
provide quality early and ongoing interventions to effectively help early identification and intervention.
students. Also increased were funds to target support for at-risk
students, but ongoing significant disparities point to the need to Engage parents early in their childrens education: The quality
continue to augment these resources. Finally, due to declining of the interaction between children and their parents or other
enrollment, students are being negatively impacted under the caregivers has a significant impact on socio-emotional health
current school funding formula and it should be reevaluated. and cognitive development. Parents and other caregivers should
be supported to better understand their childs development
Increase access to early developmental screenings & services: and needs and to promote early learning, which begins at home.
Identifying developmental delays early in a childs life can Children are more likely to do better in school if their parents are
significantly impact long-term outcomes. Children and their actively engaged and involved.
families benefit greatly from early intervention. For example,
children have improved communication and cognitive skills while Some pre-k programs, like Head Start and the Great Start
parents are better able to support their childrens growth over Readiness Program (GSRP), along with home visitation models,
time. Further, early intervention services help to ensure that actively reach out and work with parents. That type of engagement
children are better prepared for school. These services have also should continue throughout a childs education whether it is to
demonstrated a decrease in the cost of special education. develop a plan to intervene when a child is struggling with school

LATINO CHILDREN ARE LESS LIKELY TO BE ENROLLED IN PRESCHOOL
Percent of 34-Year-Olds Not Enrolled in Preschool
70%
60%
Asian or Pacific Islander
50% Black or African-American
40% Hispanic or Latino
30% White, Non-Hispanic

Two or more races
20%
Total
10%
Source: Kids Count Data Center, "Children Ages 3 to 4 Not
0% Attending Preschool By Race," 20112013
or to join the Parent-Teacher Organization (PTO). Involving parents Students who become disconnected from school because they
can also be dual-purpose in that it can help the child meet his/her are struggling academically or were expelled often will not return
educational goals, as well as connect the parent to any resource to learn in a traditional setting. Alternative programs that allow
that the family might be in need of, like adult education, English youth to have flexibility and engage in job and postsecondary
language classes or public assistance. training and education need to be more available and accessible.
Additionally, the disparate application of suspension and expulsion is
Invest in youth development and career-technical education well documented and often leads students down a path that doesnt
strategies: Youth who are either not in school or working are allow for graduation or economic security. But it does increase the
more likely to experience short- and long-term financial insecurity. chance of contact with the justice system, which can have lifetime
Many jobs in todays economy, especially those that pay a livable consequences. These policies must be reevaluated at the state level
wage, require some level of postsecondary training or education through data collection and analysis. Enrichment programs, such as
and at the very least a high school diploma. With opportunities after-school or summer learning, can help to keep students engaged
to participate in enhanced or summer learning programs, and learning and should be expanded and supported.
community-based partnerships in job training or postsecondary
credentialing, multiple pathways to graduation, and appropriate
disciplinary policies, students are more likely to be successful.
READING SCORES PEAK IN 3RD GRADE, STILL ONLY 50% PROFICIENT

Percent Proficient
60
50 English Language Arts
40 Mathematics
30 Source: Michigan Department of Education, 2015
20
10
0
1
e3
e4
e5
e6
e7
e8
e1
ad
ad
ad
ad
ad
ad
ad
Gr
Gr
Gr
Gr
Gr
Gr
Gr

ROUGHLY ONE-THIRD OF MINORITY GROUPS WERE PROFICIENT IN
3RD-GRADE ENGLISH LANGUAGE ARTS COMPARED TO HALF STATEWIDE
60%
50% Economically Disadvantaged
40% Students of Color
English Language Learners
30%
Students with Disabilities
20% Statewide Average
10% Source: Michigan Department of Education, 2015
0%
Preschool enrollment in Michigan is on the rise, but Proficiency also varied by income, race/ethnicity, English Language
disparities exist by race/ethnicity, place and income Learners and students with disabilities. More than 35% of students
considered to be economically disadvantaged compared with nearly
Early learning experiences increase school readiness and have 67% of non-economically disadvantaged students were proficient
demonstrated long-term effects on education and economic in third-grade English Language Arts. Similarly, English Language
outcomes. Over two five-year periods, 20052009 and 20092013, Learners (ELL) in third grade were proficient at a rate of nearly
the percentage of young children enrolled in preschool increased 35% and more than half of non-ELL students were proficient. Only
by 1.3% with less than half of 3- to 4-year-olds in preschool (47.5%). 23.3% of students with disabilities were proficient. Higher rates of
Mid size counties experienced the largest rate growth in preschool proficiency existed for Asian students (69.7%), Native Hawaiian/other
attendance (7.1%) while urban counties had a small increase (1.1%). Pacific Islander (52.3%), and White students (58.2%). Other groups
Rural counties lost ground with a 14.9% decrease in 3- and 4-year-olds experienced rates below the state average: American Indian or Alaska
attending preschool. Disparities also exist not solely by place, but by Native (44.3%); Black or African-American (23.2%); Hispanic (37.2%);
income and race. Children in lower income households are more likely Two or more races (47.7%).
not to be in preschool (60% versus 40%), and Latino children are also
less likely to be in preschool.
Less than one-third of eighth-graders were considered
Over the past several years, much focus has been on increasing
proficient in math
preschool attendance as a way to improve third-grade reading. On the M-STEP, most counties had better results with their younger
However, preschool alone cannot accomplish this, which appears to students. Even the highest ranked county, Crawford, had nearly
have been recognized by Governor Rick Snyders 2015 Third-Grade
Reading Initiative that included funding for programs that reach
families with young children even before preschool age. In addition
to expanding early childhood education as an approach to improve SMALL NUMBER OF 8TH-GRADERS
school readiness, the state made changes to standardized testing to
set the bar for students at a higher level. The more rigorous M-STEP
PROFICIENT IN MATH ON NEW TEST
test, replacing the 44-year-old MEAP test, was administered for
the first time in the spring of 2015. Not only did the new test raise
standards of proficiency and learning, but it was moved to test
students at the end of the school year rather than the beginning and it 14.80% Advanced
was computerized. The results were not surprising.
Stark variations of proficiency on the M-STEP subject areas existed 39.70% Proficient
amongst Michigan counties. The top ranked county, Schoolcraft, had 17.40%
21.6% of its third-graders not proficient in English Language Arts while Partially Proficient
Oceana County, the worst ranked, had 67.1% of its third-graders not
reading proficiently. Although, urban, mid size and rural counties 28.10% Not Proficient
all experienced similar levels of proficiency on third-grade English
Language Arts. The results from the city of Detroit were startling,
however, with over 83% of third-grade students tested not proficient
in English Language Arts. Outer-Wayne results were similar to the state
average of 49.9% with 48.4% not proficient. Source: Michigan Department of Education, 2015

LESS THAN HALF OF 11TH-GRADERS PROFICIENT IN READING,
LOW MATH AND SCIENCE SCORES
60%
50%
40% English Language Arts
30% Mathematics
20% Science
10% Social Studies
half of its eighth-graders not proficient in math (47%). Schoolcraft test combines reading and writing into one component. The English
County, while appearing first for third-grade English Language Arts, Language Assessment (ELA) test results, similar to other grades, show
fell in the bottom five for eighth-grade math. Ottawa County, on the that only 49% of eleventh-graders were proficient in reading and
other hand, made the top five for both third-grade English Language writing and less than 30% were proficient in math and science. ACT
Arts and eighth-grade math results. Lake and Alcona counties fell on scores showed slight improvement in English, reading and science,
the bottom five for both measures. Urban counties had lower rates but overall scores mostly have stagnated over the past five years.
of students not proficient in eighth-grade math (66.9%) compared
with mid size (71.2%) and rural counties (71.5%), which had similar The high school dropout rate declined by over 36%
rates. Again, students in Detroit fared worse than outer-Wayne County
students (91.2% versus 68.5% not proficient). The Upper Peninsula
from 200607 to 201314 school years
also had a higher percentage of eighth-graders not proficient in math Of high school students graduating in 2014, 21.4% did not graduate on
than the state average (70.5% versus 67.8%). time within four years (78.6% on-time), which is an improvement of
12.8% over the trend period. The rate of on-time graduation is much
High school English Language Assessment and college lower by race/ethnicity and income. The on-time graduation rate for
Asian (89.1%), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (78.9%), and White
prep tests reveal little progress
(82.9%) students was higher than the state average. African-American
In the spring of 2015, the Michigan Merit Exam (MME) was delivered (64.5%), American Indian (64.8%), Hispanic (68.8%), and economically
as a part of the M-STEP. Unlike previous versions of the MME, the new disadvantaged (65.6%) students on-time graduation rates were lower.
HIGHER HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATION RATES WITH MORE FLEXIBILITY FOR STUDENTS
2012 Cohort: Percent Graduating
90%
80%
70% Disability
60% Homeless
50%
English Language Learner
40%
30% Economically Disadvantaged
20% All Students

10%
4-Year Graduation 5-Year Graduation 6-Year Graduation

TOO MANY MICHIGAN STUDENTS STILL NOT GRADUATING HIGH SCHOOL ON TIME
Too Many Michigan Students Still Not Graduating on Time
aw
een
Kew
Houghton
Ontonagon Baraga
Luce
Gogebic Marquette
Alger Chippewa
Iron Schoolcraft
Mackinac
Dickinson Delta
e
ne
mi Emmet
an
no
yg
Me
Presque
o
eb
Ch
Charlevo Isle
ix
y
nc
ore
ntm
u
na
Mo
ela
Percent of Students Not Graduating
Le
on Time (2014) Benzie
Traverse
n
e
mo
More than 25% Iosco
ke
Wexford Ogemaw
au
om
Manistee
ss
sc
Mi
Ro
20% to 24% Arenac
Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin
15% to 19% Huron
Less than 15% Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay

Tuscola Sanilac
No data Montcalm Saginaw
Muskegon Gratiot
Michigans Rate: 21.4%
ee Genesee Lapeer St. Clair
Ionia Clinton
ass
Ottawa Kent
iaw
Sh
mb
Source: Michigan Department of Education
co
Ma
Allegan Barry

Kalamazoo Calhoun
Monroe
With the implementation of a policy to allow students to take up to The vast majority of counties made progress in the percent of students
six years to graduate from high school, Michigan has seen an increase not graduating on time. Improvements ranged from a decrease of
in high school graduates across various disadvantaged groups. For 60% in Oscoda County down to a smaller rate decline of 1.3% in
the graduating class of 2012, final graduation rates rose from 76.2% Washtenaw County. Overall, urban counties experienced the most
in four years to 80.7% in six years. The increased rate is especially decline in students not graduating on time (-16.1%) while rural
helpful for students who are low-income, English Language Learners, counties also made progress (-3.1%). Mid size counties had a small
homeless or students with disabilities. increase in the percent of students not graduating on time (4.3%).

BLACK AND LATINO YOUTH ARE TWICE AS LIKELY TO BE DISCONNECTED
FROM SCHOOL OR WORK THAN WHITE YOUTH
Percent of Teens, ages 1619
20% Asian or Pacific Islander

Black or African-American
Hispanic or Latino
15%
White, Non-Hispanic
Two or more races
10% Total
Source: Kids Count Data Center, "Teens Ages 16 to

19 Not In School And Not Working," 2013
5%
0%
Students drop out of high school for many reasons, including when
they struggle academically. Oftentimes, students do not learn their best
in traditional settings, which can also lead to negative or disruptive
Providing students with multiple
behavior. Providing students with multiple pathways to high school pathways to high school graduation
graduation leads to young people pursuing work, becoming financially leads to young people pursuing work,
secure and contributing as citizens. Too many youth in Michigan are still
disconnected and need more opportunities to succeed. becoming financially secure and
contributing as citizens.

DATA NOTES
BACKGROUND INDICATORS FAMILY SUPPORT PROGRAMS

(in order of appearance on profiles)
Children Receiving:
Subsidized child care: This number reflects children ages 012 in
child care whose parents received a subsidy payment from the state
ECONOMIC CLIMATE in December 2014. Most families qualify with earned income below
121% of the poverty level. The percentage is based on the estimated
Unemployment population of children ages 012 in 2013.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Child Development and Care
The annual rate (not seasonally adjusted) is based on the average Program, Assistance Payments Statistics, Table 69, December 2014
monthly number of persons considered to be in the workforce
because they are employed or unemployed, but looking and available FIP cash assistance: The number reflects child recipients ages 018 in
for work. the Family Independence Program (FIP) in a single month (December
Source: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Local Area Unemployment 2014). Families with minor children qualify with assets less than
Statistics [http://data.bls.gov] $3,000 and gross monthly income below $814. Children in families
receiving extended FIP are not included. The percentage is based on
Median Household Income
the estimated 2013 population of children ages 018.
The median represents the midpoint of household income amounts Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Assistance Payments Statistics,
in 2013. Table 4, December 2014 (for counties); special run for Detroit data
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates [http://www.census.gov/
hhes/www/saipe.html] Food Assistance Program: The number reflects child recipients ages
018 in the FAP, also known as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance
Average Cost of Full-Time Child Care Program, in a single month (December 2014), whose families qualify
The number is the weighted average monthly cost for infants, with incomes below 130% of the poverty level. The percentage is
toddlers, preschoolers, and school age children in day care centers, based on the estimated population of children ages 018 in 2013.
group homes and family homes in 2015. Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Assistance Payments Statistics,
Source: WorkLife Systems, Inc. Table 68, December 2014 (for counties); special run for Detroit data
Percent of Full-Time Minimum Wage Children with Support Owed

The percent is the average child care cost divided by the monthly income The number reflects children ages 019 who had a child support order
from a full-time minimum wage job (based on 168 hours of work). and should have received child support for at least one month during
Fiscal Year 2014. The percent is based on the estimated population of
All Parents Work all children ages 019 in 2013. The county represents the location of
The number is an average for 20092013 of children ages 05 whose the court rather than the childs residence.
parents are in the labor force; i.e. both parents work in a 2-parent
family or the parent works in a 1-parent family. The percent is based Receiving none: The number reflects children who received none of
on the average population ages 05 for 200913. the support payments that were owed during Fiscal Year 2014. The
Source: American Community Survey Table B23008 [http://www.factfinder.census.gov] percent is based on the number of children with support owed for at
least one month during Fiscal Year 2014.
POPULATION Receiving less than 70% of court-ordered amount: The number

reflects children who received less than 70% of total support amount
Estimated populations for 2013 are for all people and of children ages owed for Fiscal Year 2014 (including those who received none). The
05, 612, 1317 and 017. The 017 populations are listed by race and percent is based on the number of children with support owed for at
ethnicity. The estimates use a model that incorporates information on least one month during Fiscal Year 2014.
natural changes such as births and deaths and net migration.
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, State and County Population Estimates Average amount per child: The number reflects the average monthly
amount (per child) of support received in Fiscal Year 2014, for children
who received some child support.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Child Support Enforcement
System Special Run

FAMILY & COMMUNITY CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL NEEDS
Births to Mothers with No High School Diploma or GED Students in Special Education
The count is an average for 201113. The percent is based on average The number includes all individuals ages 026 receiving special
births for 201113. education services as of December 2014, except those in programs
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Vital Records and Health Data
Development Section operated by state agencies. These students have been diagnosed
with a mental or physical condition that qualified them for special
Children Living in High-Poverty Neighborhoods education services. The percentage is based on the enrollments from
The count is an average for 200913 of children living in census tracts the Free/Reduced Lunch data file.
with poverty rates of 30% or higher. The percent is based on the Source: Michigan Department of Education, Special Education Services, and the Center for
200913 average population of ages 017. Educational Performance Information [http://www.mich.gov/cepi]
Source: American Community Survey [http://www.factfinder.census.gov] Table S1701
Children Receiving Supplemental Security Income (SSI)
The number reflects child recipients of SSI as of December 2014.
ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE SSI is a Social Security Administration program of cash and medical
assistance for low-income elderly and disabled persons, including
children. The rate is per 1,000 children ages 017 in 2013.
Children with Health Insurance Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Special Run for December 2014
The annual number and percentage estimates are based on a three-
Children Served by Early On
year average (201113) number of children ages 018 insured through
The number reflects children ages 02 who were enrolled in Early
a public or private program at any point during the year based on the
On in the fall of 2014. The percentage is based on the estimated
Current Population Survey.
Source: Small Area Health Insurance Estimates (SAHIE) population for ages 02 in 2013. These data are reported by
Intermediate School District (ISD); 40 counties have county data, while
Children Ages 018 Insured by: 43 have their ISD total listed.
Medicaid: The number reflects the enrollment in Medicaid as of Source: Michigan Department of Education
December 2014. The percentage is based on the estimated population
of children ages 018 in 2013.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, special run for December 2014
MIChild: This program provides health insurance to children ages TREND INDICATORS
018 in families with income between 150200% of the federal poverty (in order of their appearance on state/county profiles)
line. The number is the average monthly count during 2014. The
percentage is based on the estimated population of children ages
018 in 2013.
Source: MAXIMUS. MIChild Monthly Executive Summaries ECONOMIC SECURITY
Fully Immunized Toddlers Children in Poverty
The number reflects children ages 1935 months who had completed
The number reflects children living in families whose income was
the vaccination 4:3:1:3:3:1:4 Series Coverage as of December 2014,
below the poverty level in 2006 and 2013. The percentage is based on
according to the Michigan Care Improvement Registry (MCIR). The
the total number of children ages 017 in those years.
percentage is based on the population of children ages 1935 months Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates [http://www.census.gov/
who were born to mothers residing in Michigan at the time of the birth. hhes/www/saipe.html]
Source: Michigan Care Improvement Registry [http://mcir.org]
Young Children in the Food Assistance Program
Lead Poisoning in Children, Ages 12 The number includes children in families eligible for the FAP, also
Tested: The number reflects children ages 12 who were tested for known as the federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
lead in 2014. The percent is based on the number of children ages 12 (SNAP), in December 2006 and December 2014. Families qualify with
as of July 2013. incomes below 130% of the poverty level. The percent is based on the
estimated populations of children ages 05 in 2005 and 2013.
Poisoned (% of tested): This number reflects children ages 12 whose Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Assistance Payments Statistics,
test showed 5 or more micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood (mcg/ Table 68, December 2006 and December 2014 (for counties); special run for Detroit data
dL), with the results confirmed by venous testing. The percent is based Students Eligible for Free/Reduced Price
on the number of children ages 12 who were tested.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Childhood Lead Poisoning School Lunches
Prevention Program, 2014 K12 students from families with incomes below 130% of the federal
poverty level are eligible for a fully subsidized lunch while children
Children Hospitalized for Asthma from families with incomes between 130% and 185% are eligible for
This number represents Michigan hospital discharges of children ages reduced price meals. The percentage is based on total enrollment of
114 with asthma recorded as the primary diagnosis. The number K12 public school students for school years 200607 and 201415,
reflects the annual average and rate per 10,000 children ages 114 including public school academies.
over three-years (201113). Rates are provided only for counties with a Source: Center for Educational Performance Information [http://www.mich.gov/cepi]
three-year total of more than 20 discharges; the numbers are provided
for counties with more than four such discharges.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Serviess, Division of Epidemiology Services

Confirmed Victims of Abuse or Neglect
CHILD HEALTH The number reflects an unduplicated count of children confirmed to
be victims of abuse or neglect following an investigation in fiscal years
Less than Adequate Prenatal Care 2006 and 2014. The rate is calculated per 1,000 children ages 017 in
The number represents the mothers who received less than adequate their county of residence. Data are merged for two sets of counties:
prenatal care as defined by the Kessner Index, which measures the Missaukee-Wexford and Grand Traverse-Leelanau.
adequacy of prenatal care by the month it began, the number of Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Health and Welfare Data Center,
Childrens Protective Service Special Report (Fiscal Years 2006 and 2014)
prenatal visits, and the length of the pregnancy. Data from years prior
to 2008 are not comparable. The number is an annual average for the Children in Out-of-Home Care
three-year period of 201113. The percent is based on total resident The number represents child victims of abuse or neglect placed in a
live births, based on the mothers county of residence. foster or relative home supervised by the Department of Health and
Development Section
Human Services, its agents or the courts during fiscal years 2006 and
2014. The county represents the location of the court rather than the
LowBirthweight Babies childs residence. The rate is calculated per 1,000 children ages 017.
The number, which includes those babies who weighed less than 2,500 The data are from a single month (September) in the reference years.
grams (approximately 5 lb., 8 oz.) at birth, is an annual average for the Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Childrens Services Management
Information System, Special Report (September 2006 and 2014)
three-year periods of 200406 and 201113. The percentage is based
on total resident live births in the mothers county of residence.
Development Section EDUCATION
Infant Mortality
The number, which includes infants who died before their first Children Ages 34 in Preschool
birthday, is an annual average for the three-year periods of 200406 The count represents the average number of children ages 34 who
and 201113. The rate is the number of infant deaths per 1,000 births were enrolled in preschool during 200913. The percent is based on
during the reference periods in the mothers county of residence. the population for ages 34 during that period.
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Vital Records and Health Data Source: American Community Survey [http://www.factfinder.census.gov] Table S1401
Development Section
Students Not Graduating On Time
Child/Teen Deaths The count includes students who entered Grade 9 in 2003 or 2010 and
The number includes deaths from all causes for ages 119. It is an did not graduate four years later. The percent is based on the cohort of
annual average for the three-year periods of 200406 and 201113. students entering Grade 9 in those years. It should be noted that some
The rate is the number of child deaths per 100,000 children ages 119, inconsistent data have been encountered each year.
during those periods in the childs county of residence. Source: Michigan Department of Education [http://www.mich.gov/meap]
Development Section Third-Grade Reading (M-STEP)
The number reflects third-graders whose performance on the new
2015 M-STEP reading test did not meet the standard of proficiency.
FAMILY AND COMMUNITY The percentage is based on the number of third-graders whose
reading test scores were included in the report. M-STEP is a
state standardized test for selected subjects in selected grades
Births to Teens administered for the first time in 2015 to public school students.
The number of births to teens ages 1519 is an annual average for the Source: Michigan Department of Education [http://www.mich.gov/meap]
three-year periods of 200406 and 201113. The rate of teen births is
based on the number of live births per 1,000 females, ages 1519 for Eighth-Grade Math (M-STEP)
those periods by county of residence. The number reflects eighth-graders whose performance on the new
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Vital Records and Health Data 2015 M-STEP math test did not meet the standard of proficiency. The
Development Section percentage is based on the number of eighth-graders whose math test
Children in Investigated Families scores were included in the report.
Source: Michigan Department of Education [http://www.mich.gov/meap]
These children reside in families where an investigation of abuse or
neglect was conducted in fiscal years 2006 and 2014. Families may Eleventh-Grade Reading (M-STEP)
be investigated more than once in a given year, and their children The number reflects eleventh-graders whose performance on the new
would be counted each time. The number reflects the total for the 2015 M-STEP reading test did not meet the standard of proficiency.
year. Rates are calculated per 1,000 children ages 017 in their county The percentage is based on the number of eleventh-graders whose
of residence. Data are merged for two sets of counties: Missaukee- reading test scores were included in the report.
Wexford and Grand Traverse-Leelanau. Source: Michigan Department of Education [http://www.mich.gov/meap]
Source: Michigan Department of Health and Human Services, Health and Welfare Data Center,
Childrens Protective Service Management Special Report (Fiscal Years 2006 and 2014)

5. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a reference level of 5
micrograms per deciliter is used to identify children with blood lead levels that are much
DEFINITIONS higher than most childrens levels.
6. Karen Bouffard. Why stress may be fueling the childhood asthma epidemic. The Detroit
News and PBS News Hour. December 2015.
7. ibid.
Population Estimates: Rates for non-census years are based on 8. Data combined in these counties.
population estimates from the Census Bureau; the 2012 estimates were
9. Data combined in these counties.
the latest available when rates were calculated for this publication.
10. Data combined in these counties.
Rates: Except where noted, rates are calculated when incidents total 11. Michigan Infant Mortality Reduction Plan 20162019. Michigan Department of Health and
Human Services.
more than five. Three years of data are used to calculate an average
12. ibid.
annual rate for most health indicators because they are less likely to
be distorted than rates based on single-year numbers; this three-year 13. 2 013 Michigan Resident Death File, Division for Vital Records & Health Statistics, Michigan
Department of Health and Human Services; Population Estimate (latest update 9/2014),
averaging also allows rates to be calculated for many counties with National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Census Populations With Bridged Race Categories.
small populations. Rates based on small numbers of events and small
populations can vary dramatically and are not statistically reliable for Family & Community
projecting trends or understanding local impact. 1. Children living in high poverty, or concentrated poverty, areas is the percentage of children
under age 18 who live in Census Tracts where the poverty rates of the total population are
30% or more.
Percentage Change: Change is calculated by dividing the difference 2. House Fiscal Agency. Revenue Sharing Summary. July 23, 2015.
between the recent and base year rates by the base year rate (Recent
3. Childrens Protective Services 2014 Comprehensive Report. Legislative Boilerplate Report for
rate-base rate) / base rate. Rising rates indicate worsening conditions Fiscal Year 2015. Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. December 30, 2014.
for children on measures in this report. Changes on some indicators 4. Michigan Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) Preliminary Data Tables.
such as victims of abuse or neglect may reflect state or local policies Michigan Department of Health and Human Services. 2010.
or staffing levels. The calculation is based on unrounded rates; 5. Maltreatment Types of Child Victims (%) in Michigan. Adoption and Foster Care Analysis
calculations using rounded rates may not produce identical results. and Reporting System (AFCARS). 2013.
6. Exits of Children from Foster Care. Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting
Rank is assigned to a county indicator based on the rounded rate of System (AFCARS). 2013.
the most recent year reported or annual average. A rank of 1 is the 7. Data combined in these counties.
best rate on the measure. Only counties with a rate in the most 8. Exits of Children from Foster Care. Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting
recent year are ranked on a given indicator. System (AFCARS). 2013.
9. Mothers identified as Hispanic are not included in any racial group.
10. An in-depth analysis, Teen Births in Michigan, its cities and townships: We cannot afford
to slow down progress, was released in October 2015 by the Michigan League for Public
Policy: http://www.mlpp.org/kids-count/michigan-2/2015-right-start.
ENDNOTES Education
1. Catherine E. Rice, et al. Screening for Developmental Delays Among Young Children
National Survey of Children's Health, United States, 2007. Division of Birth Defects and
Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Supplements September 12, 2014 / 63(02); 2735.
Introduction 2 Jane Zehnder-Merrell. Promoting Early Literacy in Michigan. Michigan League for Public
1. http://scorecard.assetsandopportunity.org/latest/state/mi
Policy. March 2015.
Economic Security 3. M-STEP test results cannot be compared with prior year MEAP test results.
1. Defined as the share of all children under age 18 living in families where no parent has 4. Hispanic includes all races.
regular, full-time employment.
5. Students of color include American Indian or Alaska Native, Black or African-American,
2. Seema Singh. Time to Care: Earned Sick Leave. Michigan League for Public Policy. July 2015. Asian, Hispanic of any race, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, Two or more races.
3. The Time to Care Coalition has launched an earned paid sick leave ballot campaign for the The number represents an average of all races/ethnicities.
November 2016 election. For more information, visit www.mitimetocare.org. 6. Dropout rate is based on a cohort.
4. Kids Count Data Center. Children in Poverty According to the Supplemental Poverty 7. Students beginning 9th grade in 200809.
Measure. Population Reference Bureau analysis of Census Bureau 20112013
Supplemental Poverty Measure Public Use Research Files.
5. Kids Count Data Center. Children Living in Households that were Food Insecure at Some
Point During the Year. Population Reference Bureau, analysis of data from the U.S. Census
Bureau, Current Population Survey, Food Security Supplement. 2013.
6. Pat Sorenson. Gains for Low-Income and Early Learners in 2016 School Aid/Education
Budgets. Michigan League for Public Policy. June 2015.
Health & Safety

1. Maternal Depression Making a Difference Through Community Action: A Planning Guide.
Mental Health America in partnership with the National Center for Children in Poverty for
the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services
Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 2008.
2. For more information about the Healthy Michigan Plan, please visit our website: http://
www.mlpp.org/our-work/health-care-in-michigan.
3.Jan Hudson. Investments Needed in a Critical but Sometimes Overlooked Component of
Healthcare Oral Health. Michigan League for Public Policy. April 2015.
4.Jan Hudson. Final Push Needed to Expand Healthy Kids Dental Statewide. Michigan
League for Public Policy. July 2015.

MICHIGAN LEAGUE FOR
PUBLIC POLICY
1223 Turner Street, Suite G-1
Lansing, MI 48906
Phone: 517/487-5436 or
800/837-5436
Fax: 517/371-4546
www.mlpp.org

The 2016 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

The 2016 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

KIDS COUNT IN MICHIGAN

Chair: MIKE FOLEY, Executive Director

Dr. Jan Amsterburg, Superintendent, Gratiot-Isabella Intermediate School District

Generous Supporters of the 2016 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book

Annie E. Casey Foundation

Data Provided by:

Early Childhood Investment Corporation

Copyright: Michigan League for Public Policy 2016

4 Michigan Background Information

5 Michigan Trends in Child Well-Being

6 Data in Action: Strategies for Improving

7 Overall Child Well-Being Rankings by County

33 Data Notes & Sources

1 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016

The KIDS COUNT Data Center

Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016 2

Create line graphs Create bar charts

STATE TRENDS IN CHILD WELL-BEING TheAnnieE.CaseyFoundation|www.aecf.org 39

3 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016

POPULATION 2006 2013 % CHANGE FAMILY SUPPORT PROGRAMS NUMBER MI RATE

ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE NUMBER MI RATE

Children, ages 018, insured by... Unemployment 7.3%

Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016 4

BASE YEAR CURRENT YEAR PERCENT CHANGE IN RATE

5 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016

HEALTH & SAFETY:

FAMILY & COMMUNITY:

Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016 6

Genesee Lapeer St. Clair

Van Buren Jackson Washtenaw Wayne

7 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016

# Counties # Counties # Counties # Counties # Counties # Counties

2014: Students eligible for free/reduced price lunch

Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016 8

Data in Action: Increasing Economic Security

9 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016

Annual Income Monthly Income Annual Income Monthly Income

Federal Poverty Level (100% FPL) $19,073 $1,589 $24,008 $2,001

130% FPL $24,795 $2,066 $31,210 $2,601

185% FPL $35,285 $2,940 $44,415 $3,701

200% FPL $38,146 $3,179 $48,016 $4,001

Full-time minimum wage income* $17,680 $1,473 $17,680 $1,473

Amount minimum wage

Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016 10

Van Buren Jackson Washtenaw Wayne

11 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016

of all children, ages 018 years, received food assistance. However,

On average, monthly child care consumed almost

Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016 12

20112013: Less than adequate prenatal care 20112013: Low-birthweight babies

# Counties # Counties # Counties

20112013: Infant mortality 20112013: Child/teen deaths

# Counties # Counties # Counties # Counties # Counties # Counties

13 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016

Data in Action: Improving Health & Safety

OVER 5,400 BIRTHS WERE TO MOMS NO PROGRESS IN RATE OF LOW-

All Races White, Non-Hispanic Black, Non-Hispanic Hispanic

Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016 14

15 Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016

Michigans Rate: 29.9% Oceana Newaygo Mecosta Isabella Midland Bay

Genesee Lapeer St. Clair

Van Buren Jackson Washtenaw Wayne

Kids Count in Michigan Data Book | 2016 16

UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FOR ALL CHILDREN,

6 Data in Action: Strategies for Improving