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Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs

ClassificationofSlabs

Slabsaresubjectedtodirectcontactofexternalloads&alsoaretheelements
onwhichtheprocessofloadtransferstarts.

Slabsaredimensionedtocarryverticalloads(DL&LL)actingonsurfaceto
transfertocolumns&walls.

However,slabsarealsoutilizedintransferringlateralloadstocolumns&walls
(rigiddiaphragmeffect).

LoadsonSlab:

Uur Ersoy Copyright1995byProf.Uur Ersoy /Evrim Yay.


CDL: ConstructionDeadLoad
SDL: SuperimposedDeadLoad
LL: LiveLoad

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 1


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
ClassificationofSlabs

Onewayslabonbeam: Flatplatew/outdroppanels: Onewayjoistslab:


(tekdorultudaalanplakdeme) (balkszkirisizplakdeme) (tekdorultudadilidemeler)
(asmolendeme)

withorw/outfillerblocks
(punchingshearisaproblem) bridgingjoist
Twowayslabonbeam: Flatplatew/droppanels: Twowayjoistslab: (waffleslab)
(ikidorultudaalanplakdeme) (balklkiriliplakdeme) (ikidorultudaalanplakdeme)
columnhead droppanel (kasetdeme)
(kolonbal) (balkpla)
withorw/outfillerblocks

(toeliminatepunchingshear) Uur Ersoy Copyright1995byProf.Uur Ersoy /Evrim Yay.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 2


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
ElasticBehaviorofSlabs

strips

(assumenodeformationatedges)

samedeflectionatcenter
Uur Ersoy Copyright1995byProf.Uur Ersoy /Evrim Yay.

Forsimplysupportedbeam,midspandeflection=

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 3


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
ElasticBehaviorofSlabs

Tablesaremadetoreadqk/q &qu/q asafunctionoflu/lk:(supportcondition)

ifoflu/lk 2.0 Twowayslab


(loadiscarriedtobothedges)
ifoflu/lk 2.0 Onewayslab
(loadiscarriedtoshortdirectionmainly)
Uur Ersoy Copyright1995byProf.Uur Ersoy /Evrim Yay.

Example:

thenfrom
table:

Asaspectratioincreases,
loadprefersshorterpath!

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 4


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
ElasticBehaviorofSlabs

Uur Ersoy Copyright1995byProf.Uur Ersoy /Evrim Yay.

Slabloadiscarriedtobeams,thento Slabloadiscarriedtocolumnsdirectly,
columns.Beamsalsocarrysomeportionof throughimaginarybeams.
load.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 5


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlab onBeams(tekdorultudaalanplakdeme)

Whenlu/lk ratioofaslab,supportedonbeamsonallsides,isgreaterthan2.0,
slabisconsideredtowork(carryload)inoneway.
Then,slabworks(carriesload)inshortdirection.

lu

lk

lu/lk 2.0 onewayslab

Uur Ersoy Copyright1995byProf.Uur Ersoy /Evrim Yay.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 6


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs(TS500 Chapter11)

Continuousspanmoments inshortdirectioncanbecalculatedusingbelow
coefficients k ,if:
ratiooftwoadjacentspans:
and
ratioofuniformdistributedloadonspan:
l:slabspanlength(hesap akl)
ln:slab unsupportedspanlength

Consideraverageofspan
length (l)andaverageof
loads onadjacentspans
whencalculatingmoments.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 7


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs(TS500 Chapter11)

SlabThickness:
AND
ln:slabunsupportedspanlength

SupportMomentCorrection: (TS500 11.2.2)


a: widthofsupport
V: shearforceatsupport

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 8


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs(TS500 Chapter11)

ReinforcementRequirements:

BendingReinforcement (inshortdirection)As:(anadonat)
Ana donat:

Ana donat aral:

For singlespan oneway slabs, provide at least 1/2 of As from support to


support.
For continuous oneway slabs, provide at least 1/3 of As from support to
support.
At edge supports of continuous oneway slabs, provide at least 1/2 of As
as support top reinforcement.

DistributionReinf. (inlongdir.)Asd:(datmadonats)
Minimum @ bottom:
Minimum @ top:
provide at Top, extend lk/4 on both sides of support.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 9


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs(TS500 Chapter11)

DesignProcedure:
1. Checkwhetherthelu/lk ratiois 2.0(onewayslab).
2. Constructcontinuousbeammodel,ifthereareadjacentonewayslabsthat
worktogetherindirectionconsidered.Determine k .
3. Determineuniformdistributeddesignload Pd .
4. Ifconditionsaresatisfied,calculatedesignmomentsusingmoment
coefficients Md .
5. Fora1mwidestripinshortdirection,determinesupport&midspan
reinforcements,satisfyingminimumarea&spacingrequirements.
6. Inlongdirection,providedistribution&supportreinforcements,satisfying
minimumarea&spacingrequirements.

Demedonatlar
izilirken,demeye
alttanbaklr,donatlar
yatrlmekildeizilir.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 10


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs(TS500 Chapter11)

TransferofSlabLoadstoBeamsinOneWaySlabs:

Slabloadsarecarried
bybeamsparallelto
longdirection.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 11


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs Example

GIVEN:
1stFloorSlab
C20/S420
fyd 3650kgf/cm2
Kl 38cm2/t

SDL:
Finish 0.8kPa
CeilingPlaster 0.8kPa

LL=3.5kPa

REQUIRED:
DetermineSlabthickness
Design&DetailReinforcement

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 12


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs Example

Then, h 120mm
d 120 20 100mm

LOADS:
CDL: (120mm/1000 *24kN/m3 2.9kN/m2
SDL: finish 0.8kN/m2 DL CDL SDL 2.9 1.6 4.5kN/m2
ceilingplaster 0.8kN/m2 LL 3.5kN/m2
1.6kN/m2
LL: office 3.5kN/m2 Pd 1.4DL 1.6LL 1.4 4.5 1.6 3.5

Pd 11.9kN/m2
zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 13
Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs Example

Moments:
and usemomentcoefficientsfromTS500

fyd 3.65t/cm2
Assumenomomentcorrection(M). j 0.86
d 10cm

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 14


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs Example

etriye araligi

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 15


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs Example ration of steel per area

Ana donat:

Ana donat aral:

Datmadonats uzunkenarynnde:

Minimum @ bottom:

Provide 8/300 1.67cm2/m OK

Minimum @ top:

Provide 8/180 2.77cm2/m OK


Provide 8/250 2.00cm2/m OK

For connvenient placement at site, you may specify: 8/150 3.33cm2/m everywhere.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 16


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWaySlabs Example

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 17


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabonBeams(ikidorultudaalanplakdeme)

Whenlu/lk ratioofaslab,supportedonbeamsonallsides,islessthan2.0,
slabisconsideredtowork(carryload)intwoway.
lu

lk
m lu/lk 2.0 twowayslab

Uur Ersoy Copyright1995byProf.Uur Ersoy /Evrim Yay.

TS500ApproximateMethod(TS500 11.4.3):
Eachslabpieceisconsideredseparate.
Slabboundaryconditionsareimportant.(whetheraslabispresentnexttoitornot)
Calculatedmomentsareindependentofadjacentslabspanlengths.
Consider M @faceofsupport
M @midspan
V @d distanceawayfromfaceofsupport

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 18


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs(TS500ApproximateMethod)
independentofm

5
6
7

Determine
lk:slabsupportcclengthofshortspan typeofeach
lkn:spanlength(fromfaceofsupporttofaceofsupport) slab?
Inpractice,itisoktouselk.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 19


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs(TS500ApproximateMethod)

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 20


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs(TS500ApproximateMethod)

column middle
Momentcoefficientsintableareformiddlestrip. strip strip

PerTS500 use2/3 of Mmidspan forcolumnstrip.


However,inpracticesamereinforcement
isusedforbothstrips.

M valuesareforcontinuousedges.
Discontinuousedgesrotateduetomidspan M.
Fordiscontinuousedges,use M asaratioof
midspan moment,rangingfrom0.5to1.0.

Ifrotationisnotallowed,
use1.0 M midspan

Ifrotationisallowed(beam),
use0.5 M midspan
provideatleast1/2Asmid atsupport
(orbentmidspan bars pilye) TS500 Figure11.2

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 21


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs

SupportMomentCorrection: (TS500 11.2.2)

Nocorrection.

Forsameslab
thickness

Distributed
wrt.rigidity
ofslabs.

assumerigidityofslab h/l

Example:
h 15cm, l1 5m, l2 3m,
M1 120tcm/m,M2 80tcm/m

h/l1 15/500 0.03


h/l2 15/300 0.05

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 22


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs

SlabThickness:
Slabthicknessshouldbesuchthatnoshearreinforcement
isrequired(concretealonecancarryshearforces).

AND

ReinforcementRequirements:

Ineachdirectionreinforcementratioshallbegreaterthan0.0015.
Sumofreinforcementratiosshallbegreaterthan 0.0040 forS220 steel,
0.0035 forS420&S500steel.

Max. reinf. spacing:

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 23


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 24


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs

TransferofSlabLoadstoBeamsinTwoWaySlabs:

Slabloadsarecarried
bybeamsineach
direction.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 25


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs

TransferofSlabLoadstoBeamsinTwoWaySlabs:

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 26


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs Example

GIVEN:
3rdFloorSlab
C16/S420
fcd 110kgf/cm2
fyd 3650kgf/cm2
Kl 45cm2/t

SDL:
Carpet Screed 50kgf/m2
CeilingPlaster 40kgf/m2

LL=500kgf/m2

REQUIRED:
DetermineSlabthickness
Design&DetailReinforcement

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 27


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs Example

Then, h 120mm
d 120 20 100mm

LOADS:
CDL: (120mm/1000 *2400kgf/m3 290kgf/m2
SDL: carpet+screed 50kgf/m2 DL CDL SDL 290 90 380kgf/m2
ceilingplaster 40kgf/m2 LL 500kgf/m2
90kgf/m2
LL: office 500kgf/m2 Pd 1.4DL 1.6LL 1.4 380 1.6 500

Pd 1.3t/m2
zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 28
Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs Example

a b

c d

Interpolatebetween
m 1.5&1.75

a :

b :

c :
MSUP:supportmomentatcontinuousedge
+ MMID:midspanmoment
d :

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 29


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs Example

D301 D302:

(noadjustment)

D303 D304:

(noadjustment)

D303 D301:

Correctionneeded:
h/lD301 10/475 0.021
h/lD303 10/275 0.036

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 30


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs Example

D304 D302:

Correctionneeded:
h/lD302 10/475 0.021
h/lD304 10/275 0.036

1.5*120mm 180mm in short direction


Max. reinf. spacing:

Min. reinf. = 0.0015*(10cm)*(100cm)=1.5cm2/m (for S420)

fyd 3.65t/cm2
j 0.86
d 10cm

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 31


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs Example

XDirection

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 32


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs Example

YDirection

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 33


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs Example

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 34


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWaySlabs Example

LoadsTransferredtoBeamK304:

SlabloadfromD303 only:
uniform dist. load:

LoadsTransferredtoBeamK307:

SlabloadfromD301&D303:

uniform dist. load from D301:

uniform dist. load from D303:

Total uniform dist. load on Beam K307 for beam design:

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 35


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
LoadsonSlabs

UnitWeights:
HardenedReinforcedConcrete SertlemiBetonarme 25kN/m3
WetReinforcedConcrete SertlememiBetonarme 26kN/m3
Concrete (fck<C14) Beton(fck<C14) 23kN/m3
(fckC14) Beton(fck C14) 24kN/m3
ReinforcingSteel Donatelii 78.5kN/m3
Lime+cementpaste Kire+imentoHarc 20kN/m3
Plaster Sva 20kN/m3
ScreedConcrete TesviyeBetonu/ap 22kN/m3
WoodFlooring AhapParke 8kN/m3
SlagConcrete CrufBetonu 14kN/m3
MosaicFinish MozaikKaplama 22kN/m3

BrickWalls TulaDuvarlar
Halfbrick Yarmtula 2.5kN/m2
Fullbrick Tamtula 4.2kN/m2
LiveLoads: (HareketliYker TS498)
atarasodalar 1.5kN/m2
Konut,oda,terasvekoridorlar,brolar,hastaneodalar 2.0kN/m2
Snflar,yatakhaneler,anfiler,konutmerdivenleri 3.5kN/m2
Camiler,tiyatrovesinemalar,ktphaneler,maazalar
toplantsalonlar,sporsalonlar,koridorlar,balkonlar 5.0kN/m2
Tribnler(oturmayerisabitolmayan) 7.5kN/m2

(Yarmtulablmeduvartayandemelere1.5kN/m2 yaylykolarakeklenebilir)

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 36


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
LoadsonSlabs

NormalDeme:

at Demesi:

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 37


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWayJoistSlabs (Tekdorultudaalandilidemeler)

Uur Ersoy Copyright1995byProf.Uur Ersoy /Evrim Yay.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 38


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWayJoistSlabs(Tekdorultudaalandilidemeler)

Whenspanlengthincreases,requiredslabdepth
alsoincreases.

However,concretebelowNAonlyprovidestensile
forceswithrebars.
Hence,concretebetweenribs(beams)hasno
contributioninmomentcapacity.
Toreducethisadditionalweight,joistfloorsare
used.
(forheavyloadingoffice &longspans)

Bir diin yk ald


blge:

TS500 11.3

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 39


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWayJoistSlabs(Tekdorultudaalandilidemeler)

TS500 11.3
SupportMomentCorrection:
Tasarmmesnetmomenti,
mesnetortasndaki
momenttenM Va/3
deerininkartlmasile
bulunur.
almadilerinolduudorultudadr. amesnetgenilii,dili
Dileremesnetlikyapankirilerinyksekliienazdi demetoplam
yksekliikadarolmaldr. yksekliininikikatndan
fazlaolamaz. a 2h

CalculationofMoment:
Usemomentcoefficients(asinonewayslabsonbeams),
if:
ratiooftwoadjacentspans:
and
ratioofuniformdistributedloadonspan:

MinimumDepth:
Toplamdiyksekliinin(plaklabirlikte)serbest
aklaoran:

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 40


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWayJoistSlabs(Tekdorultudaalandilidemeler)

JoistOrientation:
Dilerin demenin uzun kenarna paralel
yerletirilmesi tercih edilir.(Ksa akla
Uzunaklklkirilerykleniyor,tercihEDLMEZ. sahip kiriler mesnetlik yaparsa kiri i
kuvvetleri daha kk kar).
Ksa aklkl
kiriler
ykleniyor,
tercih EDLR.

BridgingJoist: (eninedi)

L 4m NONE
4m L 7m 1BridgingJoist
L 7m 2or3BridgingJoists

Dimension&reinforcementofbridgingjoist
shallbeatleast mainjoist
4m L 7m 4m L 7m
bridgingjoist
(eninedi)

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 41


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
OneWayJoistSlabs(Tekdorultudaalandilidemeler)

Reinforcement: (TS500 11.3.3)


Dilerdeeilmevekesmedonatskirilerdekigibihesaplanr.Ancak,hesapkesmekuvvetininkesmeatlama
dayanmndankkolduudurumlarda,minimumetriyekoulunauyulmayabilirveaketriyekullanlabilir.Bu
durumda,etriyearal250mmyigeemez.
Dilerinstndekiplakta,herikidorultudadatmadonatsbulundurulmaldr,ekil11.1.Budonatherbir
dorultudaplaktmkesitalannn0,0015denaz,donataralise250mmdenfazlaolmamaldr.
Reinforcement&shearcapacityarecalculatedasinbeams.
Vd Vcr isdesired. minimumstirrupareamaynotbeprovided.
openstirrupscanbeused,butwithsmax 250mm(forex:8/250)
IfVd Vcr Vd 0.1fcd bw d(&allotherTS500requirementsareapplicable)
Inslab,providedistributionreinforcementinbothdirections:
Asd 0.0015x1000mm(strip)xd mm2/m inbothdirections;smax 250mm
ProvideatleastAs/2 atsupportlocationofjoists.
Provideminimumtorsional reinforcementinjoistssupportingedgebeams.

Deprem Blgelerindeki Tek dorultuda alan dili demelerle ilgili not:


Becauseofarchitecturalreasons,depthofbeamsaremostofthetimelimitedwithdepthofjoists.

Namely,thisresultswithbeamsoflowrigidity&excessivelateraldeflectionsincaseofEQ.These
interstory driftscreatesecondordermomentsincolumns(1967Adapazar depreminde baz asmolen
demeli yaplar bu nedenle ykld).

Topreventsecondordermomentsincolumns,shearwallsaretobeprovidedinbothEQdirections,
forbuildingswithjoistslabs.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 42


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)

Demeyklerinin
dorudankolonlara
aktarld
demelerdir. UurErsoy Copyright1995byProf.UurErsoy/EvrimYay.

Balksz Balkl

FlatSlabw/outdroppanel FlatSlabwithcolumnhead FlatSlabwithdroppanel&columncapital

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 43


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)
TypesofTwoWaySlabs:
Wight&MacGregor Copyright2012byPearsonEducation,Inc.

FlatPlate WaffleSlab FlatSlab(w/orw/outcapital) TwoWaySlabonBeams

Whentwowayslabsaresupporteddirectlybycolumns(flatplates/flatslabs),principalstressesintheslabaround
thecolumncancauseseverediagonalcracking(twowayindividualcolumnfootings,pilecaps,etc)
Wight&MacGregor Copyright2012byPearsonEducation,Inc.

Theslaborfootingfailssuddenlybypushingapyramidconeof
concrete verybrittle&sudden

Theinclinationofthecrackisusually45 forslabswithoutshear
reinforcement.

Heavyconcentratedloadsappliedtoslabscanalsocausepunching
failures.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 44


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)

PunchingShearisCritical!
Insteadofincreasingthicknessofwholefloor,
Providedroppanels/columncapitalatsupport:
h Increaseconcreteareaatsupport reducedAsTOP
Probablynoeffectonactualcalculatedmoment

lu:lengthoflongerspanbtw.ccofslabsupports(uzun
dorultuda mesnetin akslar arasnda kalan akl )

Itisdesirabletochoosetheslabthicknesssuchthatnopunchingshearreinforcementisrequired.

Advantages:
Architecturallyflatceilings.
Lowerformworkcost.

Ifdroppanelsorcolumnheadsareprovidedduetopunchingshear,theseadvantagesarelost.
Also,comparedtoslabonbeamswithsamespanlengths,flatslabrequiresmorereinforcement.

Duetolowerrigidityofflatslabs,comparedtoslabsonbeams,excessiveinterstorydriftsare
experiencedunderEQloads.Topreventsecondordermomentsincolumnsiplacementofshear
wallsinbuildingswithflatslabsareadvised(TS500).

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 45


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)

TS500 11.4.2
Kirisizdemekalnl,olabildiincezmbalamadonatsgerektirmeyecekbiimdeseilmelidir.
Kirisizdemelerdeplakvekolonlarnmomentaktaracakbalantsnsalamakiinkolonkesitinin
aklkdorultusundakigenilii,ayndorultudakieksenaklnn1/20sindenve300mmdenaz
olamaz.

Tablavebalkboyutlariinuyulmasngrlenkoullar,ekil11.3degsterilmitir:
kidorultudaalanplakdemelerde,donatykoruyannetbetonrtsenaz15mmolmaldr.
4h
l1/6

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 46


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)

TS500 Figure11.2
Kolon ve orta eritlerin geniliklerinin belirlenmesi:

middle column middle


strip strip strip

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 47


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)

TS500MethodofDesign11.4.4 (forgravityloadanalysisonly)

11.4.4.1 EquivalentFrameMethod(EFM)(Edeerereveyntemi)
Useofacomputerprogramisadvised(ADOSSSAFE).Itsarigiriousprocedure.If
spanlengthsarenttoodifferent,DDM(directdesignmethod)givessimilarresults.

Computetorsionalrigiditiesofslab,beam,column.

UseMomentDistribution.

Distributeperrigiditiesofmembersinframe,to
columnstrip&middlestrip.

ereveyntemiiinTS500 izelge1deki
datmakatsaylarkullanlabilir.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 48


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)

11.4.4.2 DirectDesignMethod(DDM)(Momentkatsaylar yntemi)


Canbeusedforgravityloadanalysis,giventhatallbelowconditionsaresatisfied:
a) Thereshouldbeaminimumofthreecontinuousspansineachdirection.
b) Theratiooflongertoshorterspanwithinapanelshouldnotexceed2.0 lu/lk 2.0 .
c) Successivespanlengthsineachdirectionshouldnotdifferbymorethan1/3ofthelongerspan.
d) Columnsmaybeoffsetamaximumof10% ofthespaninthedirectionoftheoffsetfromeitheraxis
betweencenterlinesofsuccessivecolumns.
e) Allloadsshallbeduetogravityonly&uniformlydistributedovertheentirepanel.LL shouldnotexceed
twicetheDL. LL/DL 2.0 .

Itshouldbenotedthatmajorityofnormalfloorsystemssatisfytheseconditions.
Circularcolumnscanbetreatedasequivalentsquarecolumns(togivesamearea).

TotalStaticMoment: l2:ccspanlengthinthedirectionperpendiculartol1
ln:clearspanofl1 (faceofsupporttofaceofsupport)
ln0.65 l1

Herhangi bir demede,aklk momenti ile iki mesnet momenti ortalamasnn toplam,
yukardaki denklemde belirtilen ogze ait toplam basit kiri momentdeerinden az olamaz.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 49


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)
TS500 11.4.4.2 (toplam statik momentin eritlere datlmas)
ExteriorSpan(KenarAklk) InteriorSpan(Aklk)

ColumnStrip(koloneritinedatlanmomentler)

MiddleStrip(ortaeritedatlanmomentler)

Ifmomentsateachfaceofsupportisdifferent,uselargermomentforcalculations(unbalancedmoment).
MomentsfromTS500 11.4.4.2canbeadjustedwithin 10%ofvalues.
Thisadjustmentcannotchangethetotalstaticmoment,M0.
ReinforcementRequirements: TS500 11.4.5
Max. reinf. spacing:
Ineachdirectionreinforcementratioshallbegreaterthan0.0015.
Sumofreinforcementratiosshallbegreaterthan0.0040 forS220 steel,
0.0035 forS420&S500steel.
zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 50
Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)
PunchingStrengthofSlabs&Footingsw/outShearReinforcement:[TS50020008.3.1]
Vpr:punchingstrengthofconcrete up:criticalshearperimeteratadistanced/2
Vpd:designpunchingshearload d:effectivedepthofslab
Fd:designshearload h:diameter/depthofthecolumn
Fa:portionoftheloadwithinup b:widthofthecolumn
:momenttransfercoefficient b1,b2:dimensionsofthepunchingperimeter
ex,ey:unbalancedmomenteccentricitiesinx&ydirections
Incolumnssubjecttomomentinadditiontoaxialloads,shearstresscausedbythemomentincreasestheshear
stresscausedbyaxialloadononeface&decreaseontheotherface:
EdgeColumn: CenterColumn:
shearstressdueto
b1 unbalancedmoment

shearstressdue
toaxialload
Ersoy,zcebe,Tankut Copyright2008byMetu Press.

Evaluateinx&ydirectionsseparately
(40%ofunbalancedmomentis
considered):

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 51


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)
CriticalSection/Perimeter forShear, up : [TS5002000Figure 8.5] potential
shear
Thecrackperimeterisapproximatelyatd distancefromtheface cracks
ofthecolumn.
However,designcodesspecifyd/2fromthefaceofthecolumn.

Wight&MacGregor Copyright2012byPearsonEducation,Inc.
Wight&MacGregor Copyright2012byPearsonEducation,Inc.

Ersoy,zcebe,Tankut Copyright2008byMetu Press.

whicheverup issmaller whicheverup issmaller

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 52


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)
CriticalSection/Perimeter forShear, up : [TS5002000Figure 11.4]

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 53


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)
DesignPunchingShearLoad, Vpd :[TS5002000Figure 8.2]
FlatPlate: Footing:

Ersoy,zcebe,Tankut Copyright2008byMetu Press.


Ersoy,zcebe,Tankut Copyright2008byMetu Press.

Vpr:punchingstrengthofconcrete
Vpd:designpunchingshearload
Fd:designshearload
Fa:portionoftheloadwithinup
pd:slabdesigngravityload
qsp:designsoilpressure

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 54


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler)
ShearReinforcement:[TS50020008.3.2] stirrup type shear
reinforcement
IfVpr Vd,then: headed
increasetheslabthickness(mosteffective) shear studs
pourslab&columnconcretesamestrength
increasecolumndimensions
provideshearreinforcement/structuralsteel
(architectural/economicalreasons)
Minimumslab thickness 250mm
max Vd 1.5Vpr (with reinforcement)
structural
shearheads

Ersoy,zcebe,Tankut Copyright2008byMetu Press.


OpeninginSlabs:[TS5002000Figure 8.4.a]
Duetoarchitectural/mechanicalrequirements openingsinslabsclosetocolumns.
Iftheopeningiscloserthan5xslabthickness tocolumnface reduceup withinradiallinesfromcolumncenter.

Wight&MacGregor Copyright2012byPearsonEducation,Inc.

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 55


Chapter2:ReinforcedConcreteSlabs
TwoWayFlatSlabs(kidorultudaalankirisizdemeler) StudyMaterial

GIVEN:
Regulartwowayflatplatesystem
C25
SDL:Plaster finish 1.4kN/m2
LL=3.5kN/m2
Columns:350mmx350mm
hslab 150mm,d 20mm
Assume 1

REQUIRED:
a) Determinecolumn/middlestrips
b) Determinesupport&midspan
momentsatcolumn&middle
strips
c) Schematicallydrawthelocation&
directionofreinforcementthat
correspondstocalculated
moments(donotcalculate
requiredreinforcementvalues)
d) Checkpunchingshearatcolumns.
Arecolumnssafeunderpunching?
Ispunchingreinforcement
required?

zgr zkul, PhD, PE CE409 - Reinforced Concrete II 56

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