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Numerous studies has been published on the Preparation of herbal extracts of Azadirachata indica
antimicrobial activities of plants extracts against different types Fresh leaves of Azadirachta indica were taken during the
of microbes [28, 29] but results reported out of those studies are very monsoon season. Leaves were washed with boiling water to
difficult to compare directly and have never touched use of spices remove microbes and dust present over the surface. Washed
and photo-activated cow urine synergistically against bacterial, leaves were air dried and grinded to juice with the pestle and
fungal and yeast strains. In the present study we have focused on mortar. For each 10 gm of leaves 25ml of water was used to ease
the synergistic effect of Azadirachta indica, Terminalia chebula, the grinding. Juice was obtained and centrifuged @ 5000 rpm for
Piper nigrum and cow urine. 10 minutes at 4C. Super natant was taken and extract was
considered as 100 % pure.
In India, Azadirachta indica called as "Panacea for all
diseases. Neem tree was described as Azadirachta indica by De Collection of Cow urine
Jussieu in 1830. He was also credited for taxonomic position of Fresh cow urine was taken from Indian breed cow. Cow
Neem [11]. Sanskrit name of Neem is Arishtha means reliever of urine used was photo-activated by keeping in a transparent bottle
sickness. Its value is recognized by U.S. National Academy of in sunlight in the daytime and in artificial light at night for 48
Science, considering it as a tree for solving global problems. It hours. And then centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 15 minutes to
was Siddique who in 1942 isolated Nimbin the first compound remove all debris and precipitated material. Super natant was
isolated from Neem oil. Till now more than 135 compounds have collected and filtered through 0-45 micron filter. Before
been isolated from Neem [11]. Countries where professional dental performing the test against microbes cow urine was tested for its
care is limited Neem is really a potion for dental care. Terminalia sterility. To check it was free of microbes it was inoculated in broth
chebula a native plant of South Asia, China and Vietnam and also nutrient agar.
produces small sized, ribbed nut like fruits which is profoundly Preparation of extracts of Terminalia chebula and Piper
used in pickles, spices and medicines. It has been said by nigrum
Ayurvedic geniuses that sometimes mother can harm a child
when she is angry but Terminalia chebula fruits can't harm when Dried fruits of plants are taken and crushed in to the
it is taken as medicine. So it can be used even to the immune- powder form. Then 10 gm powder / 25 ml of water are mixed and
compromised patients. It has very high antioxidation activity too formed a viscous solution. This juice is then centrifuged for 15
[12]
. minutes at 7000 rpm. Supernatant was collected for antimicrobial
Piper nigrum has found its use in the treatment of cancer activity test. This was stored at 40 C for further use.
by stimulating melanocytes proliferation and dendritic formation Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration
and so was considered as the potent weapon against disorders like
vitiligo [13]. Trikatu which is a prepared from different kinds of To find the minimum inhibitory concentration agar
diffusion method and broth dilution method were followed. For
piper and ginger has shown to posses diverse biological activity
agar diffusion method plates containing Muller Hinton agar
in mammalian systems [14]. Black pepper aids in digestion, fight (MHA) were made and then spread with each of different strains
tooth decay, powerful antioxidant, and have antimicrobial and well of 12 mm was made at centre. Different volume of extract
activity against pathogens [15]. Cow urine contains volatile salts of was added to find at which minimum volume of extracts growth of
potassium, chloride, calcium of which profoundly benefits microbe was inhibited.
human body and acts like a magical potion for the treatment of
cancer, asthma, chronic renal failure, Eczema, Psoriasis, acne Agar diffusion susceptibility test
vulgaris, scabies and allergies [16, 17, 18, 19]. Photo activation of Cow Agar diffusion method was employed to find
urine produces metabolically active secondary nitrogenous antimicrobial activity of the Azadirachta indica, Piper nigrum,
compounds, also a decrease in pH makes cow urine more Terminalia chebula extracts and Gou Muttra. Mueller Hinton agar
antimicrobial [5, 20]. Sulfinol, Ketones, formaldehyde formation (MHA) from himedia was used. Agar plates were made as
during photo-activation made it more antimicrobial [21]. Our mentioned in the instructions. Sterilize it by autoclaving at 121
surrounding is full of microbes. Temperature and nutrients degree Celsius under 15 lb psi (pounds per square inch) pressures.
present in the body provide a five star welcome to them. And the Sterilized agar poured and allowed to solidify in Petri plates in
use of Azadirachta indica and gou-Muttra as immune stimulants laminar flow. 100 l of 24 hours old microbial culture were then
is well noted [22]. spread on to it by sterile cotton buds. The 0/6 cm diameter of
punched hole were loaded with 150 micro liters of extracts and
MATERIALS AND METHODS cow urine unary as well as in all possible combination
combination and then incubated at 37C for 24 hours. Triplicate
Microorganisms tests were made for each experiment. The diameter in mm of
Bacterial strains used were Streptomyces aureofaciens inhibition zones around each of the holes was recorded at the end
(MTCC 325), E.coli (MTCC 448), Streptococcus mutans of the incubation time.
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Asian J Pharm Biol Res |Apr-Jun 2012 | Vol-2 | Issue-2
Broth dilution susceptibility test
In case of broth dilution method, different volume of
plants extracts and cow urine were added in the Muller Hinton
broth. Microbes were inoculated into these tubes. The tubes were
incubated to allow microbial growth for 24 hours. The
interpretation of this MIC depends on the organism and
antimicrobial pair being tested.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Among the three plant extracts and cow urine tested, all
has antimicrobial activity. The test was carried out at triplicates
and average results were represented in the graphs. The results
indicated that MIC for Cow urine was 200 ulfor Azadirachta
indica 70-100uland terminalia chebula 90ul respectuively.
Equilibrated amount of extract were used in unary, binary, Figure:4 The zone of inhibition in the case of S aureofaciens
ternary and quaternary combinations.
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Asian J Pharm Biol Res |Apr-Jun 2012 | Vol-2 | Issue-2
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