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QuadraticEquations
JUL12
PostedbyCedricLow
3BasicTechniquesinSolvingQuadraticEquation
Questions
Inthischapterwewilllearn3mostbasictechniquesonhowto:
1.Solvethequadraticequations
2.Formaquadraticequation
3.Determinetheconditionsforthetypeofroots.
Generally, isthequadraticequation,expressedinthegeneralformof ,
wherea=1,b=6andc=5.Therootisthevalueofxthatcansolvetheequations.
Aquadraticequationonlyhastworoots.
Example1:Whataretherootsof ?
Answer:Thevalueof1and5aretherootsofthequadraticequation,becauseyouwillgetzerowhensubstitute1
or5intheequation.Wewillfurtherdiscussonhowtosolvethequadraticequationandndouttherootslater.
1)Solvethequadraticequations
Therearemanywayswecanusetosolvequadraticequationssuchasusing:
1)substitution,
1)substitution,
2)inspection,
3)trialandimprovementmethod,
4)factorization,
5)completingthesquareand
6)Quadraticformula.
However,wewillonlyfocusonthelastthreemethodsastherearethemostcommonlyusemethodstosolvea
quadraticequationintheSPMquestions.Letsmoveon!
Factorization
Factorizationisthedecompositionofanumberintotheproductoftheothernumbers,example,12couldbe
factoredinto3x4,2x6,and1x12.
Example2:Solve usingfactorization.
Answer:Wecanfactorthenumber12into4x3.Remember,alwaysthinkofthefactorswhichcanbeaddedupto
thegetthemiddlevalue(3+4=7),referfactorizationtablebelow,
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/factorizationtable1.png)
Sowewillget(x+3)(x+4)=0,
x+3=0orx+4=0
x=3orx=4
Example3:Solve usingfactorization.
Answer:Rearrangetheequationintheformof
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/eg3factorization.png)
Sowewillget(4x3)(2x1)=0,
Sowewillget(4x3)(2x1)=0,
4x3=0or2x1=0
x= orx=
Completingthesquare
Example4:Solvethefollowingequationbyusingcompletingthesquaremethod.
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/eg4a.png)
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/eg4b2.png)
Quadraticformula
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/quadraticformula.png)
Normallywhendoyouneedtousethisformula?
1)Theexamquestionrequestedtodoso!
2)Thequadraticequationcannotbefactorized.
3)Thegureofa,b,andcoftheequation aretoolargeandhardtofactorized.
Example5:Solve usingquadraticformula.
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/eg5ans1.png)
2)Formaquadraticequation
Howdoyouformaquadraticequationiftherootsoftheequationare1and2?Well,wecandotheworkout
likethisusingthereversemethod:
Wecanassume:
x=1orx=2
x1=0orx2=0
(x1)(x2)=0
(x1)(x2)=0
2
x 2xx+2=0
x23x+2=0
Sothequadraticequationisx23x+2=0.Thisisthemostbasictechniquetoformupaquadraticequation.
Letsassumewehavetherootsof and :
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/forming
equation.png)
Inotherwords,wecanformuptheequationusingthesumofroots(SOR)andproductofroots(POR).Ifthe
rootsare1and2,
SOR=1+2
=3
POR=1x2
=2
SometimeweneedtodeterminetheSORandPORfromagivenquadraticequationinordertondanew
equationfromagivennewroots.Ingeneralform,
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/formingequation2.png)
Letslookattheexamplebelowonhowtheconceptabovecanhelpussolvethequestion.
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/eg6anspart2.png)
3)Determinetheconditionsforthetypeofroots
Referbacktoexample2,weknowthat hastwodierentroots(3and4)bysolvingusing
factorizationmethod.However,howarewegoingtodeterminethetypesofrootsof without
solvingtheequation?Thetrickiswecanuse .
iscalledadiscriminant.Remember,whenthevalueisgreaterthan0,wehave2dierentroots,when
itis0,wehave2equalroots,andwhenitislessthan0,wehavenoroots.
Fromthequadraticequation, , ,wehave2
dierentrootssincethediscriminantisgreaterthanzero.Refertablebelow.
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/eg6anspart2.png)
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/discriminanttable.png)
Example7:Aquadraticequation hastwoequalroots.Findthepossiblevaluesofh.
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/eg7answer.png)
WewilllookatmoreSPMquestionsandexampleforquadraticequationinnexttopiconSPMQuestions
forQuadraticEquations(hps://perfectmaths.wordpress.com/2011/08/01/spmquestionsfor
quadraticequations/).
Furtherreading
TheconceptofFactorization(hp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factorization)
(hps://perfectmaths.les.wordpress.com/2011/07/eg6anspart2.png)
Adv ertisements
AboutCedricLow
MBAholderfromUniversityofSouthernQueenslandAustralia(USQ)in2009.StudiedforITandgraduated
fromUniversityofHertfordshireinUKbackto2005.AsystemengineerturnedtobecomeafulltimeMathstutor
andresearcher.LivinginMalaysia.EditorofPerfectmaths.com
ViewallpostsbyCedricLow
Postedon12/07/2011,inQuadraticEquations,SPMAdditionalMathsandtaggedAdditionalMathematics,
Chapter2quadraticequations,Form4,SPM.Bookmarkthepermalink.2Comments.
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