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The distance protection method calculates the impedance settings for the three zones and the overreach zones (auto-reclosure and signal
When grading impedances are calculated, the setting given priority is the one that causes the protection to respond selectively regardless of
how the network is connected. Initially, all values are calculated for the first zones and this is followed by all second zones and then all third
zones. The second and third zone of the relays can be altered during or after calculation of the settings while working interactively from the
screen, so it is a simple matter to accommodate the protection engineers ideas. There are various ways of taking into account the time
grading of the third zone. The results of the program are provided in time grading diagrams drawn to scale and a table of settings for each
protection device.
Worst case network for each relay is build during the calculation (according to different strategies)
The algorithm DISTAL has the objective to determine settings that provide selectivity for all switching conditions
The protection simulation module simulates the time sequence of the fault clearance in radial and meshed networks. This unique feature is
called stepped event analysis. For this purpose, there is a data base of protection devices storing approximately 1000 circuit breakers with
instrument transformers, low-voltage circuit breakers, fuses, bimetallic relays, contactors and miniature circuit breakers together with all
Faults can be simulated at nodes or anywhere on power lines or cables. The following fault types can be modeled:
Single-phase fault
Two-phase fault
Two-phase-to-ground fault
Three-phase fault
User-defined multiple faults packages, e.g. cross-country faults (see multiple fault module description)
can be visualized in the network diagram by color code. Any violations of the grading times are also indicated, as is multiple tripping of
protection devices. Directional elements can be freely defined. Damage curves for cables and transformer loadings are also displayed in
graphical form.
The system generates grading diagrams for I2t, RX, and Zt functionality. The fields of application are the checking of thermal loads and
incorrect tripping in normal operation, the determination of disconnection times, the coordination of protection and the checking of grading
times.
Specialties
Meshed networks
Directional element
Protection failure
Fault impedances
This enhanced power system protection simulation module considers the settings of overcurrent and distance protection devices, as well as
the protected zones of differential protection devices. The following steps are carried out:
2. Determination of the protection devices that limit the concerned protected area and that have to trip.
6. If fault is not cleared: second short-circuit calculation and determination of the next relay to trip.
7. Repetition of the above steps until the fault is cleared and the total fault clearance time is determined.
8. Evaluation whether the correct relays have tripped, and provision of all relevant information, e.g. indication of unselective relay
operation.
Directional elements
Starting conditions:
- Overcurrent
- Voltage-controlled under-impedance
- Impedance characteristics
Asymmetrical faults
Protection failure
Graphic documentation
Composite protection: diagrams with both types of relays to check the coordination.
Protection simulation
Protection documentation
PSS SINCAL also offers a fully automated documentation of selected grading paths. This enables the protection engineer to quickly generate
PSSPDMS is a universal program to centrally manage protection devices and their settings. All the data are stored in a central relational
database (either Microsoft Access or Oracle) for protection devices and can be read by other programs at any time.
Data is stored in a central relational database (either Microsoft Access or Oracle or MS SQL Server).
Protection devices are modeled comprehensively with all their functions and settings including different parameter sets for the
same relay.
Protection device templates can be created and managed and then used to generate real protection devices.
It is easy to connect to external documents (parameter files, descriptions of protection devices etc.)
Access rights (user roles) can be specified and customized according to the companys need
User defined workflow (e.g. planned, approved, active settings) is supported including historical settings
Data exchange with PSS SINCAL enables the planner to verify the settings directly in the network model