i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 3 7 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 1 2 0 4 0 e1 2 0 4 2

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/he

Responses regarding the issues raised by Dr. Nick Collings on

the manuscript Reduction of fuel consumption in gasoline
engines by introducing HHO gas into intake manifold
published in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2010,
V35 (23): 12930e12935

Ammar A. Al-Rousan*
Mutah University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mutah, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan

Regarding the issues raised by Dr. Collings:- The following equations were used to calculate

 Engine Break power

Issue 1
Bp Pe/generator efficiency (hg) kW
It is absolutely true that electrolysis produces H2 0.5O2.
However, Most of the literature in the combustion field refers  Electrical power calculate using
to it by HHO, Browns Gas or both.
Pe (V$I/1000) kW
Assuming generator efficiency (hg) 0.80
Issue 2

Electrical generator associated with electrical resistance was Issue 3

used to place load on the engine. The current and voltage
across the resistance were measured in order to calculate the
power.
The test was performed as follows (Figs. 1a and 1b): this is
also shown in the paper in Section 3 and figure 5, and for
additional information this is the detailed process.
1 Run the engine in idling speed to reach steady state
temperature of exhaust gases.
2 Fill the cell with distilled water and add 10 g of sodium
bicarbonate for each liter of distilled water and connect
the fuel cell with power supply.
3 Run the engine on 1100 rpm for 1 h.
4 Take the result of Volt (V), Ampere (I), and temperature of
exhaust gasses, mass flow rate of gasoline, and mass flow
rate of HHO.
5 Repeat the pervious setup with changing engine speed
(1500, 1900, 2300 rpm) with and without fuel cell.
. this fact causes the fueleair mixture (without HHO) to
ignite long before it reaches TDC.
This statement was placed in comparison of the flame
propagation in gasoline air mixture to the best known alter-
native which is H2 air mixture.
Gasolineeair mixture (without HHO) ignites long before it
reaches TDC comparing to H2 as a fuel. This is due to the long
hydrocarbon chains so the flame needs more time to propagate.
Absolutely I dont think that the engine we drive today
have any defects, because I know the current improvements
in this field.
Issue 4
Figure 11 representing the amount of energy saved by
reducing the fuel consumption per hour because of using the

DOI of original article: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.030.

* Tel.: 962 777476785.
E-mail addresses: alrousana@mutah.edu.jo, alrousana@yahoo.com.
0360-3199/$ e see front matter Copyright 2012, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.04.031
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Gasoline Fuel
HHO
Power + Fuel-Cell
supply _
Carburetor Flow meter

Air Air Exhaust Gas

Filter

Engine
performance
Engine

AIR

Gasoline Fuel

HHO

Control Valve Flow meter

Fig. 1a e Schematic experimental setup showing illustration of the fuel cell installed on the engine.
12042 i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 3 7 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 1 2 0 4 0 e1 2 0 4 2

Electrical load

Thermo cable

Volte meter Clamp meter

Exhaust Gas

Engine
Generator

Taco meter

Fig. 1b e Schematic experimental setup showing the measuring system layout for the engine speed, exhaust gas
temperature, and electrical load on engine.

fuel cell, and it does not refer to the engine output power. This
was calculated using the following equation: Issue 5
((Reduction in mass flow rate of gasoline) ) (calorific
value of gasoline)  (the power used in electrolyzing HHO was introduced in a steady flow rate which is 1.7 l/min
process) kW hr). for cell C and 2.4 l/min for cell B.