Structure and Written Expression

1. A three-foot octopus can crawl through a hole ------ in diameter.

(A) Than one inch less
(B) Less than one inch
(C) One less inch than
(D) Than less one inch

2. ------ adopted the decimal system of coinage in 1867.

(A) Canada
(B) When Canada
(C) Canada, which
(D) There was Canada

3. Generally, the representatives ------ a legislature are constitutionally elected by a broad

spectrum of the population.
(A) who they compose
(B) who compose
(C) had compose
(D) compose

4. The Actors Studio, a professional actors workshop in New York City, provides
------whereactors can work together without the pressure of commercial production.
(A) a place and
(B) a place
(C) so that a place
(D )a place is

5. ------ that life began billions of years ago in the water.

(A) It is believed
(B) In the belief
(C) The belief
(D) Believing

6. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering

colleges, ------ astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862.
(A) because
 (B) an
(C) to which
(D) was

7. The artist Romare Bcarden was ------ whose yellows, deep blues, and fuchsias contrasted
strongly with photographic gray in his bright collages.
(A) with a gift for color
(B) a gifted colorist
(C) a gift with colorful
(D) gifted with coloring

8. The most important chemical catalyst on this planet is chlorophyll, -------carbon dioxide and
water react to form carbohydrates.

(A) whose presence

(B) which is present
(C) presenting
(D) in the presence of which

9. One theory of the origin of the universe is-------from the explosion of a tiny, extremely dense
fireball several billion years ago.
(A) because what formed
(B) the formation that
(C) that it formed
(D) when forming

10.Roads in the United States remained crude,------- with graved or wood planks, until the
beginning of the twentieth century.
(A) were unsurefaced or they covered them
(B) which unsureface or covered
(C) unsurfaced or covered them
(D) unsurfaced or covered

11. Portrait prints were the first reproductions of American paintings ------- widely distributed
in the United States.
(A) were
(B) that which
 (C) that being
(D) to be

12. Abigail Adams was prodigious letter writer, ------- many editions of her letters have been
published.
(A) who
(B) and
(C) in addition to
(D) due to

13. In geometry, an ellipse may be defined as the locus of all points -------distances from two
fixed points is constant.
(A) which as the sum of
(B) of the sum which
(C) whose sum of whose
(D) whose sum that the

14. -------at the site of a fort established by the Northwest Mounted Police, Calgary is now one
of Canadas fastest growing cities.
(A) Built
(B) It is built
(C) To build
(D) Having built

15.An image on a national flag can symbolize political ideals that -------express.
(A) take many words to otherwise would.
(B) would take to many otherwise words
(C) many words to take would otherwise
(D) would otherwise take many words to
Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences

1. The notion of the state and the notion of war are said ---- in ancient Sumer and later Egypt.
A) to be emerged
B) to have emerged
C) having been emerged
D) being emerged
E) to emerge

2. The guitar is an instrument that ---- around since the 1500s, but it ---- several big
transformations during its history.
A) had been / has undergone
B) was / underwent
C) has been / has undergone
D) would be / was undergoing
E) has been / undergoes

3. You ---- what you heard as it was highly confidential.

A) must not have repeated
B) might not repeat
C) shouldn't have repeated
D) needn't be repeated
E) don't have to repeat

4. I never forget ---- my temper when my wife shouted at me, although now i regret ---- so.
A) to lose / doing
B) losing / having done
C) having lost / to do
D) to have lost / to have done
E) being lost / having been done

5. When the tower ---- to the public a decade ago, officials said it ---- open again in just a few
years.
A) closed / had been
B) was closed / has been
C) would be closed / would be
D) was closing / was
E) was closed / would be

6. Women's Aid is a UK charity ---- aim is to end domestic violence against women and
children.
A) who
B) whose
C) which
D) what
E) whom

7. James was so busy ---- for the exam that he didn't have time ---- with his friends.
A) to study / to spend
B) having studied / spending
C) to be studying / being spent
D) being studied / spending
E) studying / to spend

8. Some people don't know ---- they're meeting their daily requirements through their diet.
A) which
B) why
C) where
D) whether or not
E) whatever

9. ---- smoking can reduce the risk of ---- many smoking related illnesses.
A) To give up / being contracted
B) Giving up / contracting
C) To be given up / contracting
D) Giving up / to contract
E) Being given up / being contracted

10. Heavy metal had its peak popularity in the 1980s, ---- many of the now existing sub-genres
first evolved.
A) why
B) at which
C) where
D) that
E) during which

Choose the appropriate options to complete the sentences

1. Mother Theresa dedicated her life for those ---- were iii, poor and lived on the streets of
Calcutta.
A) where
B) who
C) when
D) whom
E) which

2. The television and motion picture industries fail ---- the dangers of drug abuse accurately.
A) to be portrayed
B) having portrayed
C) to portray
D) being portrayed
E) to have been portrayed

3. I seem to remember that the last time we met I did most of talking, so perhaps I should let
you ---- the talking this time.
A) to have done
B) do
C) to do
D) doing
E) having done

4. Archaeologists are planning ---- the mummy of Tutankhamen to solve the mystery of his
death.
A) removing
B) to be removed
C) having removed
D) to remove
E) being removed

5. Plan to study your most difficult or challenging classes during the time of the day ---- you
are most alert.
A) which
B) whose
C) when
D) whom
E) who

6. The anticipation ---- biological and chemical weapons would be used caused unprecedented
stress for the troops.
A) which
B) that
C) where
D) why
E) when

7. The illness we call a "cold" is not related to ---- appropriately you dress for the outside
temperature.
A) what
B) when
C) how
D) which
E) why

8. In ancient times, thieves were punished severely by cutting the hand ---- was used while
stealing from the wrist.
A) whose
B) which
C) who
D) when
E) where

9. Everyone needs ---- down by having a family because it is important for civilization to
continue.
A) to settle
B) settling
C) being settled
D) to settling
E) having settled

10. It is not right to burden a friend with a problem ---- you can solve yourself.
A) whom
B) why
C) who
D) that
E) whose
1. n. florist

(a) educator; teacher; trainer

(b) owner of a flower shop; person who makes flower arrangements
(c) separation; ridge between drainage areas; watershed
(d) sample; model; form; mold; decorative design

2. n. station

(a) standard against which something is measured; factor; discipline

(b) position; place where a person or thing is usually found; headquarters;
broadcast frequency
(c) temporary arrangement; in between period
(d) limit to which money may be withdrawn from the bank on credit

3. n. surface

(a) restriction; force; limitation; limit

(b) influence; effect; colliding of two bodies; touch
(c) diagram; chart
(d) exterior or upper boundary of a thing; external part or layer; outward appearance

4. n. dress code

(a) viewpoint, opinion; siting; locus; location; place; job

(b) netting attached to a woman's hat
(c) metal cord with sharp projecting points
(d) formally or socially imposed standards of attire

5.n. link

(a) way; route; course; section; piece

(b) connection; relation; association; one ring of a chain; ring
(c) exchange; transfer; device
(d) introduction; foreword; opening statement

6.n. fraction
 (a) soldier of the three lowest military ranks
(b) product of the division of one number by another; part of a whole; segment;
fragment; quotient
(c) progress; modernization; promotion
(d) principle; basis; essential

7.n. surprise

(a) astonishment; something which startles or astonishes; unexpected event

(b) display; layout; clothing; menu
(c) drawing together; fold; pucker
(d) movement of vehicles or persons; trade; commerce; load of messages in a
communications network

8.adj. downward

(a) sublime; exalted; superior

(b) descending
(c) dangerous; risky; perilous
(d) identifiable; determinable; able to be distinguished

9. n. carpet

(a) counsel; guidance; specific information; hint

(b) the total amount of funds in circulation in a given country's economy
(c) slice; part; segment; creation; work
(d) rug; fabric floor covering

10.n. compatible

(a) building for indoor sports and exercise; fitness center

(b) opposition; act of fighting against; act of withstanding the effects of
(c) bother; disturbance; nuisance; discomfort
(d) piece of equipment which can be used with other machines without alternation
1. adj. inventive

(a) creative; new; original

(b) of a smaller version or dimension
(c) comprising the best result ever attained
(d) spotted; speckled; composed of a series of small dashes (about a line)

2. adj. certain

(a) of a skilled occupation; working in one of the skilled occupations

(b) sure; definite; particular; specific
(c) plain; clear; visible; public; intentional; undisguised (Law)
(d) open to dispute; obscure; vague

3. adj. forward

(a) firm; faithful; persistent; unbending; adamant

(b) advanced; ahead; ready; brash; of the future; progressive
(c) entrusted to the care
(d) made or done immediately; paid at once; performed randomly

4. adj. fraudulent

(a) guilty; dishonest

(b) injurious; causing damage
(c) exact; not more and not less; meticulous; strict
(d) classified; confidential; clandestine; covert; hidden; latent

5. adj. close

(a) first; primary; innovative; creative; novel

(b) kind; good
(c) near; adjacent; careful
(d) doubtful; not reliable; ambiguous

6. adj. curious
 (a) truthful; candid; frank
(b) judgmental; important; crucial; vital
(c) arbitrary; fickle; flexible
(d) inquisitive; desiring to know and understand; odd; strange; rare

7. n. dealer

(a) supplier; seller; merchant; agent; sales representative

(b) shopping center; pedestrian walkway; promenade
(c) action or instance in which the ball or puck is prevented from entering the goal
(d) inflection; verbal 'time'

8. adj. continuous

(a) pure; obvious; easy to understand; comprehensible

(b) quiet; tranquil; calm; motionless
(c) containing nothing; without people; without contents; hollow; meaningless
(d) successive; uninterrupted; permanent

9. adj. rear

(a) continuing; enduring; remaining for a long time; durable

(b) appropriate; fitting; well-timed; timely; proper; expedient
(c) back; hind
(d) honest; truthful; frank; straightforward; genuine; earnest

10. adj. intricate

(a) complex; complicated; involved; entangled

(b) in a manner which shuts out all others; solely; in a limited manner
(c) available on a regular basis; employed to handle merchandise or goods
(d) rational; reasonable; wise; judicious; cognizant; aware

1. adv. outside
 (a) quite; sufficiently; fairly
(b) out of doors
(c) strenuously; with great effort; to the full extent; intently; to the extreme limit
(d) at first; in the first place; in a unique manner

2. adj. cheap

(a) coming or occurring after the usual or expected time; tardy; slow; delayed
(b) very great in numbers; huge; powerful
(c) satisfied; pleased
(d) opposite of expensive; inexpensive

3. n. message

(a) incorrect interpretation

(b) abstract; summary; concise report; instructions
(c) communication; information; announcement; note; memo; intimation
(d) plan; aim; goal; purpose

4. adj. top

(a) new; fresh; late; of late times

(b) ceremonious; conventional; according to custom; stiff; strict; symmetrical
(c) highest; prime; leading
(d) important; consequential; meaningful; having meaning; of a considerable amount

5. n. accomplishment

(a) inability to succeed; lack of success; lack; bankruptcy; downfall

(b) fulfillment; realization; attainment; achievement
(c) test; attempt; experiment; annoyance
(d) concentration; consideration; focus; care; acknowledgment; recognition

6. v. generate
(a) to make clear; to explain
(b) to create; to produce; to bring into being
(c) to accelerate; to cause to move quickly; to expedite; to further; to hurry
 (d) to make resistant; to make impervious; to edit

7. n. character

(a) suitcases; cases and bags carried by travelers

(b) large craft made for navigation on water; boat; ship; container
(c) nature; disposition; attitude; figure; person; statement of qualities
(d) shared characteristic; common feature

8. v. emerge

(a) to shape with skill

(b) to say that something is not true; to refuse; to renounce
(c) to irritate; to infuriate; to enrage
(d) to appear; to come out; to be revealed

9. pref. counter
(a) related to by the remarriage of a parent and not by blood
(b) toward; at
(c) after; later; subsequent to
(d) against; opposed

10. v. measure

(a) to control; to govern; to manage; to adjust to a specific level or condition

(b) to interest; to amuse; to host
(c) to gauge; to quantify; to assess; to evaluate; to estimate
(d) to specialize in a certain field
1. v. pocket

(a) to give; to contribute; to grant; to bestow

(b) to transfer control from governmental to individual powers
(c) to make a remark; to explain; to write an explanatory note
(d) to profit; to roll a ball into a hole (Billiards)

2. v. attach

(a) to fasten; to link to; to add; to ascribe to; to connect to

(b) to give out; to distribute; to ration; to set aside for a special purpose
(c) to delay; to obstruct; to hinder; to prevent; to thwart
(d) to label; to fine

3. v. subsidize

(a) to bore a hole; to practice; to train; to sow seeds in rows

(b) to provide financial assistance
(c) to deal in; to sell
(d) to save; to cut back; to be thrifty; to be frugal

4. v. get over

(a) to emphasize; to accentuate

(b) to cushion; to fill; to fill out; to walk; to go by foot
(c) to recover
(d) to prove; to verify; to confirm; to actualize

5. v. tour
(a) to keep in existence; to preserve; to support; to provide for
(b) to alter; to change; to fluctuate
(c) to sightsee; to voyage; to travel
(d) to display; to demonstrate; to bestow; to grant

6. v. prize

(a) to accompany someone; to appear; to advance; to succeed

 (b) to reinforce; to bind together; to strengthen a connection
(c) to illustrate; to elucidate; to interpret; to describe; to define
(d) to appreciate; to esteem; to respect; to appraise; to assess worth

7. n. additive

(a) person who favors political and social reform

(b) supplement
(c) development; progress
(d) person who presides over court trials; arbiter; expert; critic

8. v. calendar

(a) to take away part of a whole; to remove; to deduct

(b) to cushion; to fill; to fill out; to walk; to go by foot
(c) to prepare a financial plan; to make financial arrangements
(d) to write down in a timetable; to register

9. v. stem

(a) to use as an introduction; to use as a foreword

(b) to invite; to speak loudly; to visit; to phone
(c) to arise; to come from; to originate; to stop; to check
(d) to measure; to evaluate; to determine; to estimate

10. v. major

(a) to leaf through a book; to surf Internet websites

(b) to place in particular situations
(c) to defend; to save from harm; to watch over; to guard
(d) to specialize in a certain field
1. n. watch
(a) appraisal; estimation; assessment
(b) financial framework; financial plan
(c) place used by planes for takeoff and landing
(d) small clock that is usually worn on the wrist; guarding; observation

2. n. virtual
(a) resident; native of a country
(b) computerized representation of an actual object
(c) something which legally or rightfully belongs to an individual; payment; fee
(d) quality; factor; characteristic; feature

3. n. suite
(a) demand for goods or services; rate of purchase and sale; fair
(b) luggage; cargo; things to take on a trip; equipment
(c) structure; pattern; design; organization; pattern of data organization
(d) group of things that together form a set; group of attendants

4. n. anger
(a) attraction; closeness; liking; likeness
(b) sheet of paper on which information has been printed; flyer
(c) rage; fury
(d) price; expense

5. n. enclosure
(a) staying where one is; expectation; ambush
(b) confinement; additional document or letter placed within another
(c) deficiency; flaw
(d) hyphen; drop; pinch; rush; sprint

6. n. reserve requirement
(a) minimum amount of money and liquid assets set by the central banking system of the
U.S.
(b) award; gift; present; contribution; donation
(c) aircraft which flies by means of horizontally rotating blades
(d) representative; rep; factor; cause
7. n. choice
 (a) option; selection; variety
(b) track; path; customary series of stops during a trip
(c) pullover; employer who underpays his employees
(d) good friend; acquaintance

8. adj. staple
(a) grand; magnificent; striking
(b) appropriate; fitting; well-timed; timely; proper; expedient
(c) chosen; picked out; choice; superior; prime; picky
(d) essential; regularly used; primary; principal; main (of goods or products)

9. n. funnel
(a) formal agreement between two states; compact; covenant; contract
(b) inheritance; bequest; something handed down from one's ancestors
(c) material coherence; firmness; persistence; steadfastness
(d) device with a wide opening at the top which narrows as it reaches the bottom

10. n. profession
(a) slide; stumble; mistake; blunder; error
(b) stimulus; inducement; enticement; encouragement
(c) fastening mechanism which is opened with a key or other device
(d) vocation; skilled occupation; declaration; proclamation
1. v. impose

(a) to plan; to mean; to have in mind do or accomplish; to designate for a particular

purpose
(b) to require; to compel; to force upon; to enforce; to institute
(c) to injure; to harm; to mistreat
(d) to fasten; to link to; to add; to ascribe to; to connect to

2. v. import

(a) to record; to enroll; to have an effect; to have influence

(b) to sell; to trade or deal; to distribute; to promote
(c) to bring from another place; to bring goods from a foreign country; to signify; to imply
(d) to alter; to change; to fluctuate

3. v. perpetuate

(a) to eternalize; to make everlasting; to preserve from extinction

(b) to render insusceptible to a disease by inoculating
(c) to cause to be acquainted; to accustom; to make something well known; to publicize
(d) to manage; to supervise; to supply; to dispense

4. v. deserve

(a) to go out of sight; to become extinct; to cease to exist; to vanish

(b) to predict a future event or condition; to foretell
(c) to convert an object or image into a digital image using an optical device to browse
(d) to be worthy of; to have a right to

5. v. accompany

(a) to go along with; to go together with; to join; to attach

(b) to hold onto; to save; to store; to watch over; to care for
(c) to give a cost to something
(d) to draft into military service; to voluntarily join a cause

6. v. reveal
 (a) to establish communication; to make a connection; to link to; to connect with
(b) to illustrate; to elucidate; to interpret; to describe; to define
(c) to show; to exhibit; to display; to expose; to disclose
(d) to reach; to achieve; to fulfill; to realize (a goal, purpose, etc.)

7. v. focus

(a) to watch; to study; to monitor; to supervise; to discern

(b) to confuse; to make hard to understand; to make difficult; to make complex
(c) to converse; to speak; to spread rumors; to lecture; to reveal secret information
(d) to make clear; to concentrate

8. v. vilify

(a) to carry; to impart or to communicate by statement, suggestion, gesture or appearance

(b) to lounge; to do nothing; to laze around
(c) to apply force or weight; to push; to stress
(d) to slander; to defame

9. v. honor

(a) to agree; to concur; to confirm; to endorse

(b) to exchange; to replace; to convert; to travel back and forth regularly (i.e. to work)
(c) to respect; to esteem; to pay tribute; to praise; to accept
(d) to surround; to enclose; to hesitate; to falter in speaking

10. v. recognize

(a) to trade; to plan for and promote for sales of; to market goods
(b) to give confidence; to promise; to pledge; to encourage
(c) to identify; to acknowledge; to know; to admit
(d) to give in to desire; to yield to; to satisfy; to spoil; to humor
1. v. edge

(a) to calculate; to figure; to estimate

(b) to sharpen; to provide with a border; to advance gradually or furtively
(c) to train; to certify; to meet the minimum standards; to moderate; to modify
(d) to originate; to create; to design; to fabricate; to concoct

2. v. sight

(a) to see with the eyes; to view; to notice; to discern; to observe

(b) to fail after starting well; to make a hissing noise which gradually fades into silence
(c) to draft into military service; to voluntarily join a cause
(d) to devise; to invent; to dream up; to design (often in a negative way)

3. n. nationality

(a) citizenship; patriotism

(b) act of giving in to desire; something which gratifies; luxury; leniency
(c) enterprise; drive; ambition; beginning move in a process; first step
(d) action; step; criterion; amount; degree; extent

4. n. standard

(a) model; criterion; norm; average; commodity which backs a monetary system
(b) person who puts money into a project
(c) viewpoint, opinion; siting; locus; location; place; job
(d) equipment; device for lifting and lowering objects

5. v. floor

(a) to take a risk in order to achieve a goal

(b) to knock down; to astound; to shock
(c) to catalog; to list; to enumerate; to set down in full detail
(d) to make a scheme; to plot; to design; to contrive; to think up

6. n. domestic
 (a) caution; wisdom; careful judgment
(b) obstacle; misfortune; something which hinders progress
(c) plentifulness; abundance; numerousness; plurality
(d) housemaid; servant; housekeeper

7. adj. recognizable

(a) identifiable; determinable; able to be distinguished

(b) pertaining to home; pertaining to family; tame (about an animal)
(c) being one fourth; having four equal parts
(d) familiar; close; intimate; informed; aware

8. v. jeopardize

(a) to transport via locomotive; to convey by train

(b) to postpone; to disgust; to repulse; to deter
(c) to understand; to comprehend; to accomplish; to convert into cash; to liquidate
(d) to endanger; to place in danger; to imperil; to put at risk

9. n. decrease

(a) large craft made for navigation on water; boat; ship; container
(b) disorder; embarrassment; bewilderment
(c) something unyielding; something hard; stone similar to diamond
(d) decline; reduction; lessening

10. n. sign

(a) advantage; profit; help; benefit

(b) learning; field of learning; thorough investigation; report; analysis
(c) drink; refreshment
(d) mark; symbol; indication; hint; trace; notice; advertisement