Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
In a capitalist society, human needs are defined by the system of private ownership. Instead of mere food, clothing, and
shelter, human beings need money. Moreover, capitalism mandates different needs for the different social classes that it
creates. As capitalists accumulate wealth, their needs become increasingly more refined, even as the workers are forced
to adjust their needs downward, making do with the bare minimum that the system pays them to stay alive. The modern
system of ethics is shaped by the needs created by capitalism. In capitalism, self-denial becomes a cardinal virtue, with
the moral ideal embodied by the miser and the thrifty worker scrimping and saving. Everything and everyone is treated
in terms of utility and price. Capitalism demands that people be oriented to the world in this way simply to secure their
own survival. In such a system, the worker quickly becomes conscious of his deprived and miserable status in relation to
the capitalist. The solution to this situation of alienation is Communism, which does away with alienation by doing away
with the system of private property that creates it.
It spoke to the working class or proletariat to explain their situation, provide hope, and prod them toward revolutionary
action. It warned the owners and beneficiaries of capitalism, the bourgeoisie, that their domination of the world was not
only unjust but doomed. The intent was to energize the workers and demoralize their class enemies.
Immanuel Kant: Immanuel Kant is believed to have had the greatest influence of any philosopher of modern times.
Kantian philosophy was the basis on which the structure of Marxism was built particularly as it was developed by
Hegel. Hegel's dialectical method, which was taken up by Karl Marx, was an extension of the method of reasoning by
antinomies that Kant used.
Ludwig Feuerbach: Ludwig Feuerbach was a German philosopher and anthropologist. Feuerbach proposed that people
should interpret social and political thought as their foundation and their material needs. He held that an individual is
the product of their environment, that the whole consciousness of a person is the result of the interaction of sensory
organs and the external world. Marx (and Engels) saw in Feuerbach's emphasis on people and human needs a movement
toward a materialistic interpretation of society.