Notes for Teachers

Detailed notes on the shape of these charts is given in two Word files on the OxMAT CD-ROM
"Tensile Testing 2 - Stress Strain curves for metals.doc" and
"Tensile Testing 3 - Elastic Limit and Limit of Proportionality.doc"

Defining symbols used and their units as.. .

Stress = Nm -2
Force = F N
Area = A m-2
Strain = ( no units - a ratio )
Extension = e m
= Stretched length - Original length
Original length = L m
Stress, is defined as the Force per unit area .. .
F
=
A
Strain, , is defined as the extension per unit length. . .
e
=
L

Engineering Stress / Strain, and True Stress / Strain

In tensile testing, the load cell in the tensometer detects load only. The tensometer is designed to test
specimens of fixed dimensions and hence of fixed and constant cross sectional area and original length.
Using these pre-defined values, output is calculated in terms of stress and strain.

As the test proceeds and elastic the limit is exceeded, the specimen necks and permanent extension takes
place, hence both the cross sectional area and original length of the specimen change. The tensometer
cannot take these changing values into account and continues to assume the initial values, resulting in
error values of the absolute stress and strain. In the absence of any cost effective way of correcting this
defect in the experimental design, the output is accepted, but is qualified by referring to Engineering
stress and strain.

If the true stress and true strain could be plotted, the lines of the charts would continue to rise, as the
stress in the region of necking continues to rise as a result of decreasing cross sectional area
AT CD-ROM

inal length

th. . .

er is designed to test
ea and original length.

rmanent extension takes

hange. The tensometer
al values, resulting in
way of correcting this
ring to Engineering

ntinue to rise, as the

ctional area
 Only those cells with a BLUE background should be edited

Specimen 0.1%C 0.4%C 0.54%C

Hardness Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
% Reduction in Area Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
% Increase in Length Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
Initial Length / mm 27 27 27
Initial diameter / mm 4.9 4.9 4.9
Initial Area / mm^2 18.9 18.9 18.9

Paste onto the "mm" cell mm N mm N mm N

nd should be edited
0.8%C Cast Iron
Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
27 27
4.9 4.9
18.9 18.9

mm N mm N
0 6.666
0.02 10
0.04 20.666
0.06 42
0.08 65.333
0.1 90
0.12 120.666
0.14 154
0.16 190.666
0.18 255.333
0.2 333.333
0.22 425.333
0.24 537.333
0.26 654.666
0.28 786.666
0.3 926
0.32 1077.333
0.34 1226
0.36 1372
0.38 1516.667
0.4 1665.333
0.42 1813.333
0.44 1961.333
0.46 2110
0.48 2260
0.5 2406
0.52 2542
0.54 2670
0.56 2783.333
0.58 2883.333
0.6 2970
0.62 3044.667
0.64 3108
0.66 3159.333
0.68 3204
0.7 3242.667
0.72 3275.333
0.74 3303.333
0.76 3324.667
0.78 3341.333
0.8 3.333
0.82 4
0.84 4
0.86 4
0.88 4
0.9 4
0.92 0
 There are no cells here for you to edit - they all contain

Specimen 0.1%C 0.4%C 0.54%C

Hardness Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
% Reduction in Area Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
% Increase in Length Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
Initial Length / mm 27.00 27.00 27.00
Initial diameter / mm 4.90 4.90 4.90
Initial Area / mm^2 18.86 18.86 18.86

0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
0.000 0 0.00 0 0.00
o edit - they all contain formulae

0.54%C 0.8%C Cast Iron

Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
Your data goes here Your data goes here Your data goes here
27.00 27.00 27.00
4.90 4.90 4.90
18.86 18.86 18.86

0 0.00 0 0.00 353495
0 0.00 0 0.00 530296
0 0.00 0 0.00 1095909
0 0.00 0 0.00 2227241
0 0.00 0 0.00 3464580
0 0.00 0 0.00 4772660
0 0.00 0 0.00 6398864
0 0.00 0 0.01 8166551
0 0.00 0 0.01 10110933
0 0.00 0 0.01 13540195
0 0.00 0 0.01 17676500
0 0.00 0 0.01 22555218
0 0.00 0 0.01 28494528
0 0.00 0 0.01 34716645
0 0.00 0 0.01 41716546
0 0.00 0 0.01 49105365
0 0.00 0 0.01 57130486
0 0.00 0 0.01 65014231
0 0.00 0 0.01 72756545
0 0.00 0 0.01 80428172
0 0.00 0 0.01 88311863
0 0.00 0 0.02 96160237
0 0.00 0 0.02 104008610
0 0.00 0 0.02 111892355
0 0.00 0 0.02 119846788
0 0.00 0 0.02 127589102
0 0.00 0 0.02 134801121
0 0.00 0 0.02 141588904
0 0.00 0 0.02 147598902
0 0.00 0 0.02 152901857
0 0.00 0 0.02 157497770
0 0.00 0 0.02 161457327
0 0.00 0 0.02 164815848
0 0.00 0 0.02 167538014
0 0.00 0 0.03 169906685
0 0.00 0 0.03 171957178
0 0.00 0 0.03 173689442
0 0.00 0 0.03 175174269
0 0.00 0 0.03 176305602
0 0.00 0 0.03 177189392
0 0.00 0 0.03 176747
0 0.00 0 0.03 212118
0 0.00 0 0.03 212118
0 0.00 0 0.03 212118
0 0.00 0 0.03 212118
0 0.00 0 0.03 212118
0 0.00 0 0.03 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
0 0.00 0 0.00 0
 There are no cells here for you to edit - they all c

Hardness Data

Carbon Content Hardness % Area Reduction % Elongation

0.1 Your data goes hereYour data goes hereYour data goes here
0.4 Your data goes hereYour data goes hereYour data goes here
0.54 Your data goes hereYour data goes hereYour data goes here
0.8 Your data goes hereYour data goes hereYour data goes here
3 Your data goes hereYour data goes hereYour data goes here
or you to edit - they all contain formulae
 Stress-Strain Plots for Different Carbon Contents

200000000

180000000

160000000

140000000

120000000
Stress / Pa

100000000

80000000

60000000

40000000

20000000

0
0.000 0.100 0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 1.000

Strain

0.1% C 0.4% C 0.54% C 0.8% C Cast Iron

 Plot of Hardness as a Function of Carbon Content

12

10

8
Hardness

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Carbon Content / % Carbon

 Plot of % Reduction in Area as a Function of Carbon Content

12

10

8
% Reduction in Area

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Carbon Content / % Carbon

 Plot of % Elongation as a function of Carbon Content

12.00

10.00

8.00
% Elongation

6.00

4.00

2.00

0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Carbon Content / % Carbon