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Chapter

9
Feudal Europe
Medieval Europe
A1er the collapse of Rome, the 1,000 year period (500-1450 C.E.) is
known as the Middle Ages. The Middles Ages is also known as the
medieval period.

Medieval period is from the LaJn words medium (middle) and aevum
(age).

Europe has the AtlanJc Ocean to the west, the ArcJc Ocean to the north,
and the Mediterranean Sea in the south.

The longest river in Europe is the Volga River from Moscow, Russia to the
Caspian Sea.

Northern Europe has cold winters, while southern Europe has mild
winters with hot and dry summers.

Europe has a lot of forest and ferJle farmland because Europe receives
plenty of rainfall.

Farmers near the Mediterranean Sea grew citrus fruits, while farmers in
Western Europe grew wheat and barley.

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WATCH ConJki Europe
Cultural Changes
Changes to Europe a1er the Fall of Rome
Decline in the size and power of government
ReducJon in long-distance trade
Decline in learning and devoJon to Greek and Roman culture (fewer people
could read or write LaJn)
Disappearance of ciJes and rise of rural villages and farms
Growth of numerous Germanic kingdoms

A group of Germanic people called the Franks established one of the most
powerful kingdoms in Europe during the Middle Ages.

Many German rulers and their subjects converted to ChrisJanity.



In 486, a Frankish leader named Clovis defeated the last Roman army in Gaul
(now France).

By 507, Clovis ruled most of Western Europe, and most people converted to
ChrisJanity.

Clovis died in 511.

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The Rule of Charlemagne
In the early 700s, a powerful leader named Charles Martel became
the ruler of the Franks.

Charles Martels son, Pepin the Short, became the next king of the
Franks, and ruled unJl 768.

Pepins son Charles, known as Charlemagne, became the next


leader.

On December 25, 800, the Pope crowned Charlemagne Emperor of
Western Europe.

Lands controlled by the Franks became known as the Holy Roman


Empire.

Charlemagne spread ChrisJanity across Europe, and someJmes


forced his subjects to become ChrisJans

During the Middle Ages, monasteries were built across Europe for
monks to pray and worship.

WATCH St. Michel A Medieval Monastery


Feudalism: A New Social Order
In 814, a1er Charlemagnes death his son, Louis I,
became emperor.

When Louis I died in 840 his 3 sons fought each other for
control of the Frankish kingdom.

In 843, all 3 sons signed a treaty that divided the empire


into 3 parts. Dividing the kingdom weakened the Franks.

The decline of the Franks led to disorder.


Scandinavian pirates, called Vikings, terrorized coastal
villages,
Muslims raided coastal areas in Italy and Southern
France,
Magyars a`acked towns in central Europe.

In the mid-800s, Europe became a place of constant


conict and warfare.

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European Feudalism
q King - This man sat atop feudal society and ruled over large areas
of land.

q Church Ocials and Nobles - These people owned land and thus
held much power and wealth.

q Knights - Many of these warriors provided military service to


nobles in return for a piece of their land.

q Peasants - Peasants known as serfs worked the land for nobles and
performed other backbreaking tasks.

Lords were powerful nobles who owned land.

Lords would let people called vassals use the land in exchange for
service in the lords court or army.

Many vassals were warriors known as knights.

People that worked the same jobs formed groups called guilds.

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DISCUSS Should David Beckham be knighted?
Feudalism in Europe and Japan Venn Diagram

Read pages 307-311 of the


textbook.

Write 5 evidence for feudalism in
Europe.

Write 5 evidence for feudalism in
Japan.

Write 5 evidence that is the same
for feudalism in Europe and Japan.
Same for Feudalism in Europe and Japan

1) Feudal systems in Europe and Japan developed


because of a weak central government.

2) Lords and daimyo had peasants working for


them.

3) Farming was the main economic acJvity.

4) Relied on professionally trained soldiers for


protecJon that followed codes of behavior and
was deeply religious.

5) Europe and Japan had strong military leaders.

6) Loyalty and military skills were highly valued.


Evidence for Feudalism in Europe

1) Landowners in Europe were called lords.

2) The soldiers in Europe were called knights.

3) Knights followed a code of behavior known as


chivalry (kind to the weak, loyal to their lord,
courage in ba`le).

4) Knights were ChrisJans. ChrisJanity is based on


the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.

5) In Europe, epic poems were popular.

6) Women in feudal Europe had li`le rights. Women


in Europe were expected to stay at home, and
were trained in household chores.
Evidence for Feudalism in Japan

1) Landowners in Japan were called daimyo.

2) The soldiers were known as samurai.

3) Leaders of samurai were known as shoguns.

4) Samurai code of behavior was known as bushido


(generous, fearless in ba`le, and loyal to daimyo).

5) Samurai pracJced Shintoism and Zen Buddhism.


Buddhism is based on the teachings of Buddha.

6) Poetry called haiku was popular in feudal Japan.

7) Women in Japan had many rights. Women in Japan


were allowed to inherit land, allowed to join
Buddhist convents, and trained in marital arts.

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