African Foreign Policy Analysis (Nelson Mandela)

Analalisis Regarding the policies of President Nelson Mandela anti-

apharteid

This book tells the history of Nelson Mandela became president of South
Africa's first black and democratically elected also in giving freedom to the
oppression of blacks in South Africa., So the emergence of the anti-
apartheid designation.
Apartheid itself was born in 1930 in Germany Hendrik Verwoerd, a white
man to know and understand nasionalsosialisme strong influenced Nazi
ideology of racism being waged. She later gave birth to the idea of
apartheid colonialism.
White-skinned people such as Verwoerd sees himself as a member of the
elite in the black continent. Verwoerd and his nationalist party defines
apartheid as a separate development, between the privileged and who are
considered inferior.
As minister for matter of indigenous peoples, Verwoerd who later became
Prime Minister of the 7th South Africa put the majority of blacks in the
country to a special area called Bantustans or Homelands. These
residential areas are provided only for blacks.
Racial separation that determines the order of life in general. In public
places set strict rules of separation between the white and non-white.
Mixed marriages are prohibited. With the Group Areas Act in 1950 to
separate residential areas. Education and employment are also set based
on race. Outside the black Homelands should always carry a passport.
Due to the anti-apartheid action appears suppression and racism,
emerging protest movement organized by the African National Congress
ANC, who later became a mass movement. Demonstrations, boycotts,
strikes and mass burning of passports.
One of the main activist Nelson Mandela was a young lawyer, who later
became chairman of the ANC. 1960 in the south of Johannesburg 20
thousand blacks without passports stormed police stations, let himself be
caught by the authorities. The demonstration ended with mass murder.
Then banned ANC. Nelson Mandela armed resistance in the underground
movement, attacking industrial centers. In 1964 under the leadership
ranks of the movement were arrested. Nelson Mandela and Walter Sisulu
dkenai lifer. In court Mandela stressed he was willing to die for his vision.

Mandela began actively campaigning against apartheid using nonviolent

methods. In 1952, he helped lead the ANC Defiance Campaign, organize
protests against the discriminatory policy, and promote the manifesto
known as the Freedom Charter which was then endorsed the People's
Congress in 1955. In addition, in 1952 Mandela and Tambo also opened a
South African law firm first black. This law firm offers legal counsel cheap,
even free of charge to those affected by the Apartheid Act.
The most valuable lesson of fighters for justice of South Africa are
unyielding and courageous. Both attitudes underlying the struggle to
arrive at the peak of success. "Glory in life is not in never falling, but in
rising every time we fall," said Mandela in Long Walk to Freedom. In his
autobiography, Mandela said, "I learned that courage was not the absence
of fear, but the triumph over it. I feel fear themselves more often than I
remember, but I hide behind the mask of courage. Brave man is not a
person who does not have fear, but he managed to win over fear. "

After oppose this apartheid, Nelson Mandela made various policies during
his rule by another country without comparison blacks and whites, among
others:
1. Pro-western and improve cooperation with non-communist countries
and international organizations without the separation of powers whites
and blacks
2. Regional cooperation to foster relationships with neighboring countries.
3. South Africa improve the image and the maintenance of internal
sovereignty to refrain from interfering in the internal affairs of other
countries.
Foreign policy post-Apartheid South Africa's foreign policy in 1994 is
increasingly integrated with the international community considering the
contribution of foreign policy in following the development of the united
nations such as:
1. Back joined the United Nations in 1945
2. Join the G77 in 1964
3. Join in the Organization of African Unity (OUA) 1994
4. Join in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) in 1995
5. Join the non-aligned movement in 1998
6. Participate in UN units such as the ILO, WHO and FAO 1997
7. Follow initiate negotiations with the European Union in 1995

Relics of the constitutional principles that had inspired South Africa since
1994, then foreign policy is currently based on several sectors such as the
advantages of the development of the African continent and South African
society, a commitment to south-south cooperation centrality of
multilateralism, consolidated relationships with the north, and
strengthening bilateral relations of social, political, and economic.
External factors:
South Africa's efforts in establishing collaborations with other countries
such as Indonesia, the United Kingdom, and the European Union. the
liberal constitutional state that international institutions to help promote
cooperation between countries and help to diminish mistrust and fear
among the factors considered to be the country's traditional problem
Internal factors :
South Africa Many participate in international organizations such as the
World Federation of Trade Unions, the World Health Organization, the
United Nations, the Southern African Customs Union