Heinemann Queensland Science Project

Worksheet 3.1 Section 3.2

A concept map for chemical reactions

A concept map can be used to show how the ideas of a topic are related to each other. It can be an
effective summary of the concepts you are studying.
The steps to constructing a concept map are:
1 Identify the key terms of the topic (six to eight is a reasonable number).
2 Select two terms that are linked in some way.
3 Use an arrow to link the two terms, and above the arrow write a linking term or phrase.
4 Select other terms and link them to the ones you have started with.
5 Continue making links until all your terms have been included in the concept map.
Construct a concept map for Section 3.2 Chemical reactions. Include the following terms but add
others if you think they are relevant.
chemical equation
reactants
products
law of conservation of mass
coefficient

Chemistry: A Contextual Approach 1

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Worksheet 3.2 Chapter 3

Stoichiometry
1 2 3

9 10 11

12

13

14

Chemistry: A Contextual Approach 2

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Worksheet 3.2 continued

Across Down
1 The reactant that remains at the completion 2 The way of representing a chemical
of a chemical reaction. reaction using symbols.
4 The reactant that is used up first in a 3 A study of the quantitative relationships
chemical reaction. between reactants and products in a
5 The yield of a chemical reaction that can be chemical reaction.
calculated if it is to proceed to total 9 The number of particles in a molar mass
completion. amount (in grams) of any substance.
6 The yield of a product that forms when a 11 In any chemical reaction, mass is always
chemical reaction is carried out. ______.
7 The number put at the front of a chemical
formula to balance a chemical equation.
8 A comparison of the amount of product
formed with that theoretically calculated
for a chemical reaction.
10 The substances used up during a chemical
reaction.
12 The new substances that result from a
chemical reaction.
13 The mass of one mole of any substance.
14 The number used in a chemical formula to
balance the number of atoms in a
compound.

Chemistry: A Contextual Approach 3

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Experimental notes Context: Flavours and odours

Experimental investigation

Preparing an ester

Rationale
Many natural and artificial flavours and fragrances contain esters. In this experiment, students
manufacture esters and attempt to recognise the odours they produce.

Background knowledge
Students should recall the structure and naming of alcohols and carboxylic acids. They should be able
to use the names of the alcohol and carboxylic acid to write the name of the ester produced, and be
able to write balanced chemical equations to represent the reaction.

Hints
Some of the esters (including ethyl ethanoate and methyl salicylate) form rapidly, whereas others
will need to be heated for at least 10 minutes.
Risk assessment will need to be completed for alcohols and carboxylic acids selected to produce
esters.

Risk assessment
Ethanoic acid: Corrosive to eyes and skin.
1-pentanol: Toxic by all routes of exposure. Irritant to eyes, skin and respiratory passages.
Flammable.
Concentrated sulfuric acid: Use under teacher supervision only. Highly toxic by all routes of
exposure. Highly corrosive to eyes and skin.
Sodium carbonate: Slightly toxic if ingested. Skin irritant.
Alcohols, acids and esters are flammable.
Wear eye and skin protection.

Disposal of waste
Liquid waste should be placed in the organic waste disposal bottle.

Chemistry: A Contextual Approach 1

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 Heinemann Queensland Science Project

Experimental notes Context: Flavours and odours

Results
Possible combinations for ester production.

Alcohol Acid Name Structure Odour

methanol butanoic methyl CH3OOCCH2CH2CH3 apple
butanoate
methanol salicylic methyl C6H4OHCOOCH3 oil of
salicylate wintergreen
ethanol methanoic ethyl CH3CH2OOCH rum
methanoate
ethanol butanoic ethyl CH3CH2OOCCH2CH2CH3 pineapple
butanoate
ethanol decanoic ethyl CH3CH2OOCCH2(CH2)7CH3 grape
decanoate
propanol ethanoic propyl CH3CH2CH2OOCCH3 pear
ethanoate
pentanol ethanoic pentyl CH3(CH2)4OOCCH3 banana
ethanoate
octanol ethanoic octyl CH3(CH2)7OOCCH3 oranges
ethanoate

Chemistry: A Contextual Approach 2

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