Vision One

VISION ONE
Students Book
VISION ONE
Students Book
Jos Surez Lezcano

With
Jacqueline Rosales Moreno
Juana Hernndez Fernndez
La Habana, 2010
Diseo de cubierta: D. I. J. Manuel Oubia
Colectivo de autores, 2010

Sobre la presente edicin:
Editorial Ciencias Mdicas, 2010
ISBN 978-959-212-592-6
Editorial Ciencias Mdicas

Centro Nacional de Informacin de Ciencias Mdicas
Calle 23 # 117 e/ N y O, Edificio Soto, 2do piso, El Vedado, Plaza,
La Habana, CP: 10400, Cuba.
Correo electrnico: ecimed@infomed.sld.cu
Telfonos: 838 3375 / 832 5338
To Mauricio Jos, my son, my life.
Acknowledgements
The author gratefully acknowledges two close friends and colleagues who volunteered some of
the materials used in this book:
Jacqueline Rosales Moreno, B.Ed. (Santiago de Cuba), in particular, deserves my thanks for
designing the reading materials for exercise 8 (Introductory Unit), exercises 6 and 16 (Unit 2),
exercise 6 (unit 3), exercise 7 (unit 4), and exercises 1,2,3,4 for the Complementary Unit.
A similar vote of thanks goes to Juana Hernndez Fernndez, B.Ed. (Cienfuegos), who designed
the contents about adverbs and exercises 1 to 7 , for unit 8.
I am immensely indebted to Jacqueline and Juana, especially because I missed the
acknowledgement of their authorships in the first edition.
The author is also grateful to the many teachers who have made valuable comments and
suggestions on the first impression of this book, and which have made this second edition a better
textbook for our students.
JSL
Contents
Plan of the book

To The Student
Unit 1. Introduction to English.
Unit 2. Making an Appointment.
Unit 3. What a hectic week!
Unit 4. Yesterday and Tomorrow.
Revision and Extension Exercises I
Unit 5. The Consultation.
Unit 6. I have to go on a strict diet!
Unit 7 . The Lot.
Unit 8. I already speak English very well.
Complementary Unit
Revision and Extension Exercises II
Verbs used in this book
Introduction to Grammar
Differences between British and American English
Human age
Progress test 1
Progress Test 2
Exit Test
Plan of the Book
Unit Functions Grammar Reading Writing Listening

1 - Spelling names and - Personal Who am I? - Listen and
other words pronouns. answer
- Saying figures - Forms of BE in (Listening for
- Asking and talking simple present gist)
about yourself and (affirmative,
others negative,
interrogative).
2 - Introducing yourself - Simple present Whats the Paragraph Listen and
- Saying what you want with BE and other matter with about an complete
or dont want to do verbs my family? imaginary (listening for
- Talking about medical - Modal verb can family details)
problems - Possessive My Family Listen and do
- Expressing possibility/ adjectives (recognition
ability - The genitive of known
- Expressing possession - Wh- questions vocabulary)
- Asking and telling the
time
3 - Describing existence - There is/ are My Ward Paragraph Listen and
- Describing daily habits - Wh- questions describing answer
and routines - How many a hospital (listening for
- Getting information - The simple ward. gist)
present with verbs Paragraph
other than BE describing Listen and
- Adverbs of a typical complete
frequency day in their (listening for
week. details)
4 - Describing past events - The past simple Medicine Paragraph Listen and
- Talking about future of BE and other Develops about correct
plans and intentions verbs future plans (Listening for
- Asking for and giving - The future with and details)
reasons going to intentions Listen and
- Wh- questions complete
- Clauses with (Recognition
because of weak
forms and
key words)
Unit Functions Grammar Reading Writing Listening
5 - Talking about things - The present My City Paragraph Listen and
happening at the moment continuous about complete
- Describing people and - Adjectives On the personal (listening
things - Modal verbs Danger List qualities for details)
- Giving advice should, would, must, Listen and
- Making polite requests can answer
- Expressing necessity (listening
- Asking for permission for gist)
6 - Making promises - Object pronouns Nothing is Paragraphs Listen and
- Saying what you like or - Modal will Perfect comparing complete
dont like - The past places (recognition
- Talking about what you continuous of weak
were doing at certain time - Comparisons with forms and
in the past adjectives and nouns key words)
- Making comparisons (more/ less than / Listen and
-er than) complete
(listening
for details)
7 - Making comparisons - Comparisons of My Paragraphs Listen and
- Asking about/ describing equality or lack of it favourite comparing answer
past events and - The present perfect city cities (listening
experiences for details)
8 - Giving directions Prepositions Survey A note to Listen and
- Describing actions Adverbs results the teacher complete
(recognition
of key
words)
To the Student
Vision One is designed for false beginners who need to improve their mastery of the English language up
to a pre- intermediate level. The book covers the four basic skills ( listening, speaking, reading, writing),
and aims at developing your knowledge (vocabulary, phonetics, grammar, culture) and values systems.
The book follows an eclectic methodology, which means that some exercises are based on proven fruitful
and practical ideas from different methodologies, although the majority of the exercises belong to the
communicative approach; that is why you will see that most of the time you will have to work in pairs or
in small groups.
The length of the course to teach the book is about 120 hours of class instruction time. Since it is a self-
contained book, this length will vary according to the number of exercises the teacher will develop in class
and those that will be assigned as homework.
The goal to achieve is your preparation for effective communication in the everyday situations you may
encounter in real life.
How the book is organized

The book consists of eight basic units, thematically related. There is a complementary unit to familiarize
you with some medical words connected to your future career in Medical Sciences. And there are two sets
of exercises, called Revision and Extension, which aim at systematizing and enlarging the basic contents
studied in the eight units.
Most of the units begin with a conversation. Each conversation concentrates on the language functions and
grammar you are to learn. You will then find lots of exercises for you to practice the objectives of the
coursebook.
Finally, there are interesting sections at the back of the book. These include tests, verb lists and other
appendices which you will find very useful.
The author
Unit 1. Introduction to English
- Spelling names and other words (I am Gabby: G-a-b-b-y).

- Saying figures (Creatinine is 243: two hundred and forty-
three).
- Asking and talking about yourself and others (Is Madeline
twenty three years old? No, she is not).
- Personal pronouns (I- you- he/she/it- we- they).
- Forms of To BE ( am- is- are).
I) Numbers and Letters

Practice 1: Numbers from 1 to 9.
A) Underline the numbers the teacher dictates.

1) 334 322 331
2) 221 222 225
3) 553 554 551
4) 112 114 113
5) 454 434 424
6) 556 557 559
7) 666 668 669
8) 776 777 779
9) 889 886 883
10) 996 995 998
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B) Dictation
1)_______ 2)________ 3)__________ 4)________ 5)_______
6)_______ 7)________ 8)_________ 9)________ 10)_______
Practice 2: O (oh or zero)

1) 104 401 140

2) 120 210 201
3) 025 520 052
4) 507 570 750
B) Dictation: Telephone numbers.
Complete with the numbers the teacher dictates.
1) 82- 814_____ 2) 45- 263_____ 3) 35- 42 _______

4) 99- 14______ 5) 89- 27______ 6) 62- 4_________
7) 33- 7_______ 8) 27- ________ 9) 6___- ________
Practice 3: Numbers from 10 to 19

A) House numbers: Underline the numbers the teacher dictates.
1) 1115 1215 1715

2) 1218 1418 1618
3) 1414 1416 1419
4) 1512 1518 1513
5) 1804 1814 180
B) Dictation:
1) ________ 2)____________ 3)____________
4) ________ 5)___________ 6)_____________

1) 2021 2025 2029
2) 1924 1824 1724
3) 2003 1323 2313
4) 2717 1727 2707
5) 1226 1926 2619
6) 1725 2525 2527
7) 2808 1808 2818
B) Dictation
1)____________ 2)_______________ 3)_______________
4)____________ 5)_______________ 6)_______________
Pair Work Practice. Write 3 phone numbers and dictate them to your partner.
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Practice 5: The Alphabet
A)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A B C D E F G
B) Underline the words the teacher spells.
1) AE BE DE
2) AD AE AB
3) AGG EGG GEE
4) AFE ACE AGE
5) BEE BED BEB
6) FEED BEED CEED
7) FAGE FADE FACE
8) CAGED CEGED CAEED
Practice 6:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
H I J K L M N O P
A) Underline the words the teacher spells.

1) IH OH EH
2) NI NO NA
3) JIM PIM HIM
4) HIP HOP HAP
5) MEN MEM NEM
6) MILK NILK HILK
7) JAEL JAIL JAOL
8) KELL KEEN KEEP
B) Dictation
1)_________ 2)___________ 3)__________ 4)____________
5)_________ 6)___________ 7)__________ 8) ___________
Practice 7:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Q R S T U V W X Y Z
A) Underline the words the teacher spells.

1) TO VO SO
2) UZ UX US
3) VRY WRY TRY
4) OUT OUR OUQ
5) ZUST RUST YUST
6) QUIT QUIZ XUIZ
7) TROE TRUE TRWE
8) EXTRA ESTRA EZTRA
9) STERT STURT START
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Pair Work Practice. Write 3 names/ surnames and spell them to your partner.
Practice 8: Numbers from 20- 90

10 + 10 = 20
1 30 40 50
2 40 60 80
3 60 90 70
4 90 80 50
5 40 70 90
1 25 35 45
2 65 75 25
3 35 85 95
4 15+ 55 15+ 45 15+ 65
5 65+ 25 65+ 85 65 + 45
Practice 10: Dictation

1)_____ 2) _____ 3) ______ 4) _____ 5) _____
6) _____ 7) ______ 8) ______ 9) _____ 10)____
A)
1 21 31 41
2 52 72 92
3 73 83 33
4 56 66 76
5 99 69 49
B) Dictation
1)_____ 2) _____ 3) _____ 4) ____ 5) ____ 6) ____
1 110 108 106

2 101 109 107
3 104 110 109
4 103 107 105
5 109 102 104

A) Underline the numbers the teacher dictates
1) 240 340 440
2) 561 761 961
3) 893 983 389
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4) 632 762 182
5) 974 864 468
6) 259 592 925
7) 799 979 997
8) 356 536 635
9) 899 999 799
10) 128 145 268
B) Dictation
1)_____ 2) ______ 3) _____ 4) _____ 5) _____ 6) _____
7)_____ 8) ______ 9) ______ 10)_____ 11)_____ 12) _____
Practice 14: Read these laboratory results to your partner

1) Creatinine: 246 2) Systolic pressure: 110 3) Temperature: 41
4) Respiration: 28 5) Pulse: 82 6) Hb: 13
Practice 15: On the telephone.

Pair Work.
Take turns to call a friend. Use the phone numbers given in the box and follow the example conversation
given below.
Phone number to dial Actual phone number

830- 5395 830- 3595
624- 2184 624- 2148
526- 9375 526- 3975
032- 8761 032- 8671
322- 9640 322- 6940
862- 4994 862- 9494
34- 3310 34- 3301
Example:
A: Hello. Is that 830- 5395?
B: Sorry. Wrong number. This is 830- 3595
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II) Personal Pronouns and Forms of To BE
Exercise 1. Substitution drill.

Which word is modified in the subsequent sentence? Change the names for the appropriate personal
pronoun. The beginning is done for you below.
Model sentence: Mary is in the park
a) in the movies: She is in the movies.
b) Robert: He is in the movies.
c) Robert and I: We
d) in Havana
e) Tracey
f) in the hotel
g) You
h) Bob and Lucy
i) I
Exercise 2. Pair Work.

Study the grid below. How many sentences can you make? Substitute the pronouns for appropriate names.
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III) Grammar Focus: Moving the Underlined Word in Yes/ No Questions.
To form yes/ No questions notice how the underlined word (a form of BE) is moved to the front of the
sentence:
Affirmative: Joan is on the bus
Yes / No question: Is Joan on the bus?
Remember the possible short answers for these questions:
Yes, I am No, Im not
Yes, you are No, you arent
Yes, he is No, he isnt
Yes, she is No, she isnt
Yes, it is No, it isnt
Yes, we are No, we arent
Yes, they are No, they arent
Exercise 3. Individual Work.

Transform the following sentences into Yes/ No questions.
1) They are in Mexico
2) It is Brazilian
3) He is weak
4) We are on a plane
5) She is in the city center
6) You are exhausted
7) I am Cuban
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Exercise 4. Pair Work. Ask these questions to your partner.
1) Are you Mexican?
2) Is Julio Iglesias Spanish?
3) Are Steve Wonder and Madonna Jamaicans?
4) Is Montreal in Canada?
5) Are Cuban ballet dancers famous?
6) Is China in Africa?
7) Is Mariana Grajales an example for Cuban women?
8) Are nurses important in hospitals?
IV) Grammar Focus: Alternative Questions.
Observe how to ask an alternative question and a way to answer it:
Is Cuba in Europe or the Caribbean?

It isnt in Europe. It is in the Caribbean..
It is in the Caribbean. It isnt in Europe.
Exercise 5. Pair Work. Ask these questions to your partner.

1) Is Javier Sotomayor Cuban or Japanese?
2) Is Havana in the western part of Cuba or in the eastern part?
3) Are you a male student or a female student?
4) Is it morning now or afternoon?
5) Are Panda T.V. sets Chinese or Cuban?
6) Is Juanes a famous actor or a famous singer?
Exercise 6. Favourites.
What are your classmates favourite colour, food, free time activity and sport? Walk round the classroom
to find out at least one student that likes the four things listed in each item.
Useful question: Is ________ your favourite _________?
Student Colour Food Free Time activity Sport
a) White Lobster Going to parties Cycling
b) Red Fish Reading Baseball
c) Green Chicken Watching TV Tennis
d) Blue Pork Listening to music Volleyball
e) Yellow Lamb Swimming Basketball
g) Black Veal Jogging Boxing
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Exercise 7. Group Work: Ten Questions.
Think of a famous person. The rest of the members of the group will ask YES/ NO questions.
Example:
Is it a man?
Is he / she?
USEFUL WORDS: Actor, actress, writer, doctor, sportsperson, politician, singer, young / old ,Cuban,
American, Spanish, Mexican, Colombian, Italian.
Exercise 8. Reading.
Read the following text and answer these questions:
1) Is Christine from Brazil?
2) Is she twenty three years old?
3) Is she a teacher?
4) Is Brian a mechanic?
5) Is he twenty two years old?
Who am I?
My name is Christine Coffman . Im from Amsterdam, Netherlands. Im twenty three years old and Im
a secretary. Im not married. My boyfriend is a mechanic. His name is Brian and he is twenty four .
Exercise 9. Listening.
Listen to two teachers talking about their new students. Write T (true) or F (false).
1) ____ It is afternoon now.
2) ____ Florence and Harold are teachers.
3) ____ Florence is not happy with the new students.
4) ____ Two students are from South America.
5) ____ Li Mai is from China.
Exercise 10. Role Play.

Student A. You are a dentistry student. You are talking to your new friend who studies Nursing. Ask
him/her if:
a) he/ she is from Camagey
b) his/ her mother is from Nuevitas
c) his/ her parents are doctors.
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d) his/ her neighbor is a Psychology student.
Then, answer the questions he/ she will ask you.
Student B. You are a nursing student. A dentistry student is asking you some questions. Answer his / her
questions; then ask / him / her if:
a) he/she is 21 years old.
b) his girlfriend / her boyfriend is Cuban.
c) his/her English teacher is flexible.
d) English is interesting.
e) his/her parents are health technologists.
Exercise 11 . Translate these sentences into Spanish.
a) He is weak.
b) They are on a plane.
c) Is Silvio Rodrguez a famous singer?
d) Are you a nursing student or a medical student?
e) I am not from Matanzas.
f) Spell your name.
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Unit 2. Making an Appointment.
- Introducing yourself (I am/ My name is)

- Saying what you want to do (I want to see Dr. Johnson)
- Talking about medical problems (I have diarrhea)
- Expressing possibility/ ability (I can dance very well)
- Expressing possession and family relationships(Ann is Alfreds
mother) /Her name is Ann )
- Asking and telling the time (What time is the English lesson? -
Its at 8 oclock )
I) Conversation
Its Monday morning, January 14.
Nurse: Doctors office. Good morning.
Mrs. Sanders: Good morning. My name is Sanders. Mrs. Jill Sanders. I would like to see a doctor. I want
to make an appointment with Dr. Johnson.
Nurse: Mrs. Sanders, I am Nurse Matthews, Dr. Johnsons nurse. Whats the matter?
Mrs. Sanders: I feel terrible, nurse. I dont vomit frequently but I have nausea all the time.
Nurse: Can you come to our doctors office on Wednesday at 2 oclock?
Mrs. Sanders: Pardon? What time?
Nurse: At 2 oclock.
Mrs. Sanders: Yes, I can go at 2 oclock. Thank you.
Nurse: Well, see you on Wednesday, Mrs. Sanders. Goodbye.
Mrs. Sanders: Goodbye.
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Exercise 1. Role play.
Use this information to establish a similar dialogue to that of the conversation above.
Student A: You are a nurse. Your name is Anderson. You can give the patient an appointment for
tomorrow at 9 oclock.
Student B: You are a patient. You are Mr./ Mrs./ Ms You want to make an appointment with Dr.
Jackson. The problem is that you have headaches.
II) Grammar Focus: Introducing Yourself.
Whats your name?

- My name is Sanders. Mrs. Jill Sanders.
- I am Nurse Matthews.
Exercise 2. Now ask people in your class:

A: Whats your name? B: My name is. / I am.
III) Grammar Focus: Saying What You Want to Do.
- I want to make an appointment

- I want to pass my exams
Exercise 3. What do you say if you want to:

a) go to the hospital.
b) eat lobster.
c) buy a new pair of glasses.
d) study before the Brazilian soap opera begins.
e) learn a lot of English.
f) have good academic results.
Exercise 4. What do these people want to do? Use the verbs given below.
eat in a cafeteria - learn computing - see a doctor - finish the homework - visit Paris -
catch a coach .
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IV) Grammar Focus: Talking about Medical Problems.
- I have nausea
- She has hepatitis
Exercise 5. Match the information in the box to make similar sentences.

Follow this example: I have fever frequently. / He has fever frequently.
Diarrhea
Stomachache in the morning
Fever in the afternoon
Conjunctivitis in the evening
Vertigo frequently
Headaches all the time
Constipation every day
Shortness of breath at night
Insomnia
Whats the matter with my family?
My name is Stella and I have a problem: my family is sick. Mom has a terrible headache and Dad has
conjunctivitis. My two sisters have a virus. My sister Marianne has a fever, and my other sister, Adela,
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has diarrhea. All my body hurts, so I think I have the flu. We have an appointment at 10 am with our
family doctor. We really want to get better rapidly because we are going on vacation next week!
True or False ?
a) This family has five people . T F
b) Mom has a stomachache . T F
c) Marianne has diarrheaT F
d) The appointment is in the morningT F
e) They want to stay at home next week .. T F
Exercise 7. Writing.
Write about an imaginary family in a similar way. Use words from exercise 5.
A doctor is reviewing the clinical histories with his nurse. Tick () the medical problems they mention in
their conversation.
Stomachache Headaches
Hepatitis Diarrhea
Constipation Conjunctivitis
Fever Nausea
Vertigo Shortness of breath
V) Grammar Focus: Expressing Possibility/ Ability.
Can you come to the office at 2 oclock?

- Yes, I can go at 2 oclock.
- No, I cant.
Look at this: Could you come to the office at 2 oclock? is a very
polite form. The answers would be either:
- Yes, I could, or
- No, I couldnt.

Ask your partner these questions. He/ She must give complete answers.
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Follow this example:
A: Can you speak English? B: - Yes, I can speak English (very well)
- Yes, I can speak English (but not very well)
- No, I cant.
1) Can you cook?
2) Can you dance?
3) Can you inject a patient?
4) Can you take the vital signs?
5) Can you work in another country?
6) Can you read English?
7) Can you play volleyball?
Exercise 10. What can these people do? What cant they do?
Freeman Type Kaplan Cook Dennis - Swim
Carter Play the guitar Watkins - Work Kim and Shiban - Dance
VI) Grammar Focus: Expressing possession and family relationships (1).
- Doctors office
- Dr. Johnsons nurse
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Exercise 11. Study this family tree:
Now answer these questions. Follow the example.

1) What is Bobbys mothers name? Ann is Bobbys mothers name.
2) What is Bobbys wifes name?
3) What is Ellens brothers name?
4) What is Gibsons daughters name?
5) What is Anns sons name?
6) What is Ellens fathers name?
Exercise 12. What does this family have in common?

Study the family tree below.
a) Write 5 sentences stating some of the relationships among the family members.
E.g. Smith is Marthas father
b) Theres one element in common to all the names in this family. What is it?
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VII) Grammar Focus: Expressing Possession ( 2 ).
Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives
I My
You Your
He His
She Her
It Its
We Our
They Their
Examples: I am Cuban. My name is Juana Fernndez

She is a doctor. Her office is in the clinic.
Exercise 13. Choose the correct possessive adjective.

1) Annie is very intelligent. (His Her) academic results are excellent.
2) We speak Spanish.( Their- Our) language is difficult.
3) I am a student. (My- Your) specialty is nursing.
4) Albert and Tracy are good nurses. (Its Their) patients are really satisfied.
5) I have a bike. (Your- Its) color is red.
6) Maurice is ill but (his- their) father is a doctor.
7) Whats the matter? Is (her- your) wife angry?
Exercise 14. Complete these conversations. Then practice them.
A: What is __________ name?
B: Her name is Diana.
A: What are __________ names?

B: _______ names are Maureen and David.
A: Cute dog! What is ________ name?

B:________ name is Dragon.
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A: What is _________ name?
B:________ name is Roland.
Pointing to one or two students in your class, ask your partner these questions:
a) What is his/ her name?
b) What are their names?
The following text describes a family. Read it and
a) Say if these sentences are True (T ), False (F) or you dont know ( ? ).
1 _____ Adam is Peters grandfather.
2 _____ Bens daughter has black hair.
3 _____ Peters brother has dark hair.
4 _____ Frank is Alfreds brother.
5 _____ Alfred is married.
6 _____ Adam and Lauras granddaughters are twins.
7 _____ Ben doesnt have any sisters.
8 _____ Martha doesnt have a husband.
.
My Family
My names Rose and my husbands name is Ben. We have three children, two sons and a daughter. Our
sons names are Eric and Peter. Theyre twins, but not identical twins. Eric has dark hair, but Peters hair
is fair. Our daughters name is Jane. Shes ten years old. The boys are six.
My fathers name is Adam and my mothers name is Laura. I have two younger brothers, called Frank and
Alfred. Frank is married. His wifes name is Jennifer. Shes from France and she has short, fair hair. They
have a daughter called Nancy. So my parents have four grandchildren, two grandsons and two
granddaughters.
My husband has an older sister, but he doesnt have any brothers. His sisters name is Martha. Shes
single.
b) Draw Rose s family tree.
VIII) Grammar Focus: Asking and Telling the Time.
- Pardon? What time? At 2 oclock

- What time is the appointment? It is at 2 oclock
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Exercise 17. Pair Work. Look at this timetable:
Subject Time
English 8 oclock
History 10:30 am
Nursing 11:45 am
Computing 1 oclock
Morphophysiology 3:15 pm
Now, have with your partner conversations like this:

A: What time is the English lesson?
B: It is at 8 oclock.
Listen to a new family nurse talking to some of her patients and complete the missing information.
Patient Age Past Medical History Medical Problem now Appointment
Maggie Flu
Sean Asthma
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Mrs. Gable Diabetes 8:30
a) My name is Juana Fernndez.

b) I want to make an appointment with Dr. Rodrguez.
c) She has conjunctivitis.
d) Can you come to the office at 2 oclock?
e) I can speak English but not very well.
f) Ann is Bobbys mothers name.
g) Their specialty is nursing.
h) Whats the matter?
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i) Pardon? What time is the English lesson?
Unit 3. What a hectic week!
- Describing existence ( There is a concert in the theater)

- Describing daily habits and routines ( I always start work at 8)
- Getting information ( Who cooks in your house ?)
I) Conversation
It is Monday afternoon, January 14

Nurse: Dr. Johnson?
Doctor: Yes?
Nurse: There is a new patient for you. Mrs. Sanders.
Doctor: Who?
Nurse: Mrs. Sanders.
Doctor: Does she belong to our health area?
Nurse: Yes, she does.
Doctor: Where does she live?
Nurse: She lives next to the cafeteria.
Doctor: Is this the first time she comes to see me?
Nurse: Yes. She is very healthy; but now she complains of nausea.
Doctor: When is the appointment?
Nurse: On Wednesday.
Doctor: OK. Well, its time to go home. See you tomorrow.
Nurse: Bye, doctor.
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II) Grammar Focus: There is
- Theres a new patient for you.

- There is a lecture in the theater at 10 oclock on Monday.
- There is a meeting in classroom 5 at 6 oclock on Thursday.
Exercise 1. Write about some of the activities in school this week. Follow the examples in the box
above.
Activity Place Day Time
Dentistry practice Simulation lab Monday 7:30
Raven test Auditorium Tuesday 9:00
Handover report Gynecological ward Wednesday 7:00
Ward round Medical ward Thursday 10:15
Morphology lecture Classroom 3 Friday 11:30
Exercise 2. Pair work..

Ask and answer questions like these:
Wheres the dentistry practice? It is in the simulation lab.
When is the handover report? It is on Wednesday.
What time is the Morphology lecture? It is at 11:30
III) Grammar Focus: There are
- There are 16 students in this classroom.

- There are two cases of malaria in the hospital.
Exercise 3. Answer these questions about your classroom, house and hometown. Use There is/
There are
1) How many students are there in the classroom?
2) How many tables are there in the classroom?
3) How many lamps are there in the classroom?
4) How many doors are there in the classroom?
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5) How many windows are there in the classroom?
6) How many teachers are there in the classroom?
7) How many chairs are there in the classroom?
8) How many blackboards are there in the classroom?
9) How many rooms are there in your house?
10) How many beds are there in the bedrooms?
11) How many bedside tables are there in the bedrooms?
12) How many wardrobes or closets are there?
13) How many mirrors are there in your bedroom?
14) How many electric fans are there in your house?
15) How many rocking chairs are there in your house?
16) How many cupboards or shelves are there in the dining- room?
17) How many picture frames are there in your house?
18) How many blenders are there in the kitchen?
19) How many rice cookers are there?
20) How many counters are there in the kitchen?
21) How many TV sets are there in your house?
22) How many restaurants and cafeterias are there in your hometown?
23) How many parks are there?
24) How many bus stops are there in your town?
25) How many shops are there in your town?
Exercise 4. Where is it?

Look at this picture. Can you say where each of the following objects or things is?
A swivel chair
A desk
A vase
A lamp
A computer
A picture
Some flowers
A shelf
Some books
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A plant pot
An ornamental, indoor plant
Useful words and expressions: There is/ There are
Prepositions: on, at, behind, between, in, in front of.
Listen to Barry and Julia discussing where to go this weekend. Tick () if they plan to go or not.
A) Read the text below about a hospital ward and answer these questions about it:
a) How many rooms are there in Mrs. Mannerss ward?
b) Are there four doctors?
c) How many nurses are there?
d) What is there in the front?
e) How many telephones are there?
23
f) How many chairs are there in that ward?
g) Is there a lounge?
h) What is there at the back of the ward?
My Ward
I am Nurse Manners . My ward is a large area. There are 12 rooms on the floor with two beds to a room.
There are four doctors, some medical students, eight nurses and 14 nursing students. There is a counter in
the front and there are four desks. There are two telephones, five or six chairs and six racks on wheels that
contain all the patients clinical histories. There is a lounge. There is also a small bathroom, a utility
room, and a small kitchen. There is a linen room at the back of the ward.
B) Can you explain the meaning of these words?
- Hospital floor.
- Counter.
- Desk.
- Rack on wheels.
- Clinical history.
- Lounge.
- Linen room.
Write a paragraph describing your classroom, house, or hometown. Use ideas and words from the
previous exercises.
Begin like this:
In my classroom, there isnt a. but there are, or
In my hometown, there are but there arent any
In my house, there is and there are
IV) Grammar Focus: Describing daily habits and routines (the present simple).
- Does she belong to our health area?

Yes, she does. She belongs to our health area.
No, she doesnt .
- She complains of nausea.
- Do you want any coffee? Yes, I do / No, I dont.
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Notice how these verbs change in the third person singular:
I- You- We- They He- She
Bring Brings
Start Starts
Cook Cooks
Get Gets
Have Has
Give Gives
Take Takes
Live Lives
Come Comes
Finish Finishes
Watch Watches
Go Goes
Study Studies
Copy Copies
Exercise 8. Read how Margaret describes a typical day in her week.

I get up at 6. I take the bus next to my house at 7. I start work at 8 and I finish at 4. When I get home, I
cook dinner; then I study for two hours. But I dont watch TV. I listen to the radio. At 11 oclock I go to
bed
How would you speak about Margarets day? Start like this:
She gets up at 6. She
Exercise 9. Sending Emails.

a) Arrange the following sentences from 1 to 6 to show the steps you follow to send an email to a friend.
____ Next, write your subject line.
____ Then click the New Message button.
____ First go to your inbox.
____ Finally, click the Send button.
____ After that, write the friends email address.
____ And then, write the message.
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b) Maura sends emails every day. Write a paragraph describing the steps she follows to email a friend.
Use the ideas in the previous item.

a) Use the questionnaire below to interview a classmate. Take notes.
Do you listen to music?
Do you like coffee?
Do you smoke?
Do you have children?
Do you live in________?
Do you work every day?
Do you like Nursing / Health Technology/ Medicine/ Psychology/ Dentistry?
b) Change your partner. Now talk to another student about the classmate you interviewed before.
Start like this: He / She listens to music and/ but he / she doesnt
V) Grammar Focus: Getting Information.
- Where does she live?

- She lives next to the cafeteria
- Where do you live? --- I live in Maceo street
- When do you take the bus? --- I take the bus at 7

Student A. You work in a clinic, doing the psychometric tests, but now you want to study Psychology.
You go to an interview. It is 9am. Greet the professor, sit down, and answer the professors questions
using your imagination and ideas. Then ask him/ her questions to be informed about your future studies.
You want to know:
- when lessons begin.
- what time lessons finish in the evening.
- where you catch the local bus for the polyclinics.
- where you get lunch in school.
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Student B: You are a Psychology professor. You interview the applicants who want to study Psychology
at college. And you answer the questions they want to ask about college. The applicant you have to
interview now is a worker. Greet the student, ask him to sit down, and get the following information:
a) Where he/she works now.
b) What he/ she does there.
c) What time he /she starts work.
d) When he/ she finishes work.
Exercise 12. What about you?

Write a paragraph about a typical day in your week. Use affirmative and negative sentences and use the
words and / but to join your sentences.
VI) Conversation
It is 2 oclock, Wednesday afternoon, January 16.
Dr. Johnson: Good afternoon, Mrs. Sanders. Please, sit down.
Patient: Thank you, doctor.
Doctor: What brings you to my office today?
Patient: Well, I feel nauseated every day
Doctor: When? In the morning?
Patient: Well, I usually feel like this in the morning, but sometimes in the afternoon or evening.
Doctor: Do you have any headaches?
Patient: No, never.
Doctor: How old are you, Mrs. Sanders?
Patient: I am 23.
Doctor: Are you married?
Patient: Yes, I am.
Doctor: When did you last have your menstruation?
Patient: Oh, that is another problem. I had my period in November but I didnt have it in December.
Doctor: Well, Mrs. Sanders. I am going to refer you to a gynecologist.
Patient: A gynecologist? Why?
Doctor: Because I think you are pregnant, that is why.
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VII) Grammar Focus: Adverbs of Frequency.
- He always studies in the evening

- I usually feel nauseated in the morning
- She often listens to the radio
- I sometimes feel them in the afternoon
Exercise 13. How often?

Put the adverbs of frequency into these sentences.
a) I kiss friends when we meet (always).
b) I am tired in the morning (never).
c) She listens to the radio in the evening (usually).
d) We go to work by bus (often).
e) The train arrives at 7 (normally).
f) They watch the late TV show (sometimes).
Exercise 14. Put the adverbs of frequency in the correct place. Then practice the conversations with
a partner.
A: What do you do on Sunday? (usually)
B: I sleep till late (always)
A: Do you go out on Saturday night?( often)

B: Yes, I do (often). I go to the park (usually) but I go to the cinema (sometimes)
A: What about the disco?

B: No, I go to the disco (never). I dont like that kind of music.
A: And what do you do after class? ( usually)

B: Well, I get the bus to go to the city center (sometimes).
Exercise 15. Making sentences.

How many sentences can you make with the box below?
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Exercise 16. Preferences.
What do these people like to do? Where do they do that? When?
Example: Danielle often reads in her bedroom on Sunday night.
Exercise 17. Ordering sentences.

Arrange these words in the correct order to make sentences
a) often to - at 7 comes she class
b) in the morning I breakfast never- have
c) go to hospital- always all nurses for their shift.
d) in my house usually cooks my mother in the evening
e) a good film sometimes- we watch on T.V.
Exercise 18. Pair work.

Work with a partner. Ask each other these questions.
In your house:
a) Who usually cooks?
b) Who usually makes coffee?
c) Who never reads a book?
d) Who always watches television?
29
e) Who sometimes goes out on Saturday?
f) Who often feels headaches?
At the hospital or clinic:

g) Who usually takes the vital signs?
b) Who usually injects the patients?
c) Who never takes stitches?
d) Who always writes prescriptions?
Exercise 19. What do you do when?

Work in pairs. Ask each other these questions. Use adverbs of frequency.
What do you do when:
a) you are stressed?
b) you are happy?
c) you are bored?
d) you have a free day?
e) you are short of money?
f) there is a blackout?
Listen to Perla, Carl, and Cassiel talking about their activities in the evening. Complete the missing
information.
Exercise 21. Translate these sentences into Spanish.
a) There are two new patients for you.
30
b) She is very healthy.
c) How many beds are there in your ward?
d) There is a linen room at the back of the ward.
e) She sometimes complains of nausea.
f) He always gets up at 7.
g) Do you like Health Technology?
h) Where does she live?
Are you ready for Progress Test I? Follow your teachers instructions.
31
Unit 4. Yesterday and Tomorrow.
- Describing past events (I had my period in November).

- Talking about future plans and intentions ( I am going to work in
another country).
- Asking for and giving reasons (Why are you going to refer me to
hospital? --- Because).
The following news items appeared in Juventud Rebelde electronic newspaper a few days ago. Do
the pieces of information in the articles refer to present or past events?
Exercise 1. Read the bits of information in the three articles and say if the following ideas are True (T),
False (F) or Not Clearly Stated (NCS). Justify the item(s) you classify as F.
a) Only the National Symphonic Orchestra played at the gala concert.
b) Some relevant figures in culture and politics were present.
c) The Sandino tanker belongs to TRANSALBA.
d) The tanker started operations already.
e) Fidel said he really liked being with the journalists.
32
I) Grammar Focus: The Past Simple.
- When did you last have your menstruation?

- I had my period in November
- I didnt have it in December
Notice how regular verbs change from present to past. Pay attention to the three different
pronunciations of ed:
Present Past
Start Started
Cook Cooked
Finish Finished
Watch Watched
Live Lived
Study Studied
But notice how irregular verbs change:
Present Past
Bring Brought
Get Got
Have Had
Give Gave
Come Came
Take Took
Go Went
Exercise 2. Do you remember Margarets description of a typical day in her week (exercise 8, previous
unit). Transform her paragraph from present simple to past simple.

A: What _______ you ______ yesterday? (do)
B: I _______________ Physiology (study)
A: Did you ____________ the film last night? (see)
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B: No, I ___________. I ___________ to the park (go)
A: When _______ you _________ the homework? (finish)

B: I ________________ it yesterday evening.
A: Where ___________ you ___________ as a child? (live)

B: I ______________ in
A: ________ you ______________ that book from the library? (get)

B: No, I _________. I __________________ it from the hospital (bring)

Work with a partner. Interview each other using the questions below.
a) Where did you live as a child?
b) When did you finish high school?
c) Did you have lunch at home yesterday?
d) What did you do at 2 oclock last Sunday?
e) Where did you have dinner last Monday?
f) What did you do yesterday evening?
Listen to Mark and Sue talking about what they did yesterday and correct the sentences below.
1) Mark went to the library in the morning:__________________________
2) Mark had an English lesson:___________________________________
3) Mark started the Physiology extra- class work: ____________________
4) Sue keyboarded the Biochemistry homework:______________________
5) Sue had a nursing practice in the hospital:_________________________
6) Sue and Mark listened to the radio in the evening:___________________
II) Grammar Focus: The Past Simple of To BE.
- Were you in school yesterday?

No, I wasnt. I was in the hospital all day.
- Was Janet with you? Yes, she was.
- Where was Frank? He was in the library.
- When were they in the lab? They were there at 10am.
34
a) Work with a partner. Interview each other using the questions below.
1) Where were you born? I was born in

2) When did you start school? I started school when I was...
3) Were you happy at primary school?
4) Who was your favorite singer when you were an adolescent?
5) Were you here last Sunday?
6) Were you exhausted yesterday?
7) Were you satisfied with your last English lesson?
8) Where were you at 6 oclock yesterday?
b) Change partners. Tell him/ her about the classmate you interviewed in the previous item.
a) Do you know what keyhole surgery is? Read the text below and find out:
Medicine Develops
Six months ago, during a volleyball game, Sophia injured her back and the doctor told her to rest in bed
for a month.
Sophia is a member of the national volleyball team. She was very depressed at first. But one day, the
doctor told her about a good type of surgery, keyhole surgery, he said. With the help of some special
equipment, surgeons at the orthopedic hospital can now repair many injuries. Sophia made an appointment
and was very happy when she came out of the consultation. The consultant there told her that an operation
could be very successful.
During the operation, via a very small incision in her back, the orthopedic surgeon replaced a damaged
disc in her spinal column.
Sophia started walking a few days after the operation. She reported that her back did not hurt and that she
felt very well. I am going to be in the national team again for the next Olympiad, she said.
b) Now answer these questions about the reading:
1) When did Sophia injure her back?
2) What was the first instruction the team doctor give her?
3) Was she depressed?
4) What can doctors do with keyhole surgery?
5) Where did Sophia make an appointment?
35
6) What did the orthopedic surgeon do during the operation?
7) Was the operation successful?
8) What happened after the operation?
Exercise 8. Postcards.
a) Benny went to Guyana to work as a nurse. Read what he wrote in this postcard to Linda, his wife.
Then say if the sentences below are true (T), false (F), or not clearly stated (NCS). Justify the items you
classify as False.
1) Benny arrived in Guyana the day before yesterday. ____

2) His trip from Manzanillo was terrific. ____
3) He visited a good hospital in Guyana.____
4) He liked the nursing staff .____
5) He met one of the dentists. ____
6) The people from Guyana are very nice. ____
7) He bought two blouses for Linda, in a sale. ____
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b) Imagine you are visiting the place pictured in the postcard below. Write a note for a friend you want to
send the postcard to.
Listen to Mr. Mills speaking about some of his memories. Complete the cloze text below.
I _______ born in a small town. It was beautiful and the people _______ very special. I _________ school
when I was five. I ____ very happy at primary school. But when I was twelve I _______ to go to study
junior and senior high schools in the countryside. That _______ a wonderful experience. My classmates
______ terrific and the teachers were superb.
During all those years, we _________ in the plantations in the morning and _________ our lessons in the
afternoon. Then in the evening, except Wednesday, we __________ back to the classrooms to study and
do homework. On Wednesday, we always ______________ films or simply ______________ to music.
Those __________ my favorite years in life.
IIII) Grammar Focus: Talking about future plans and intentions (Going to).
- I am going to refer you to a gynecologist.
37
A: What _______ you_________ to do on Friday?
B: I ____________________ to study all day long.
A: And what ________ you ________ to do on Sunday?
B: I ________________ to visit my parents.
A:______ you ___________ to tell me the truth?

B: Sorry, I cant. I dont want to hurt you.
A: When ________ you _____________ to see the new film?

B: Probably I __________________ to see it this weekend.
A: Where ________ you __________ to live next year?

B: I think I ________________ to live in
Exercise 11. This is a page from Margarets diary. What is she going to do next week?
Monday: start work at 8.

Tuesday: take Marys mother to ultrasound.
Wednesday: study the Physiology lecture.
Thursday: finish the English extra- class work.
Friday: give the doctor the weekly report.
Saturday: wash the clothes.
Sunday: visit Idanias house.
On Monday, Margaret is going to start work at 8. On Tuesday she

Exercise 12. Vacations.
a) Read the grid below. Choose the hotel and time you would like to go on holiday this year.
Hotel Season
Plaza Summer
Tritn Winter
Plaza Spring
Meli Autumn/ Fall
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b) The cost of each hotel is $30 a night. If you find a person to go with you to the same hotel and season,
the travel agency will give you 50% off.
Walk round the class asking questions like these:
- When are you going on holiday?
- Where are you going to stay at?
Tell your teacher if you find a companion for vacation.

Write a note to a friend about your plans and intentions for Saturday and Sunday.
IV) Grammar Focus: Asking for and Giving Reasons.
- Why are you going to refer me to the hospital? - Because I

think you are pregnant.
Exercise 14. Match the questions in column A with the appropriate answers from B.
A B
a) Why do you work as a nurse? ____ Because my sister is coming from her mission in
Africa.
b) Why are you going to the airport? ____ Because she injects people very well.
c) Why doesnt she drink coffee? ____ Because I like to help sick people.
d) Why is Nurse Surez so popular? ____ Because it is the international language.
e) Why is English so important? ____ Because she is hypertensive.
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Read the following dialogue with a partner. Follow the instructions below.
A: What are you doing?
B: Im going outside.
A: Why? Why are you going outside?
B: Because I have to do something in private.
Instructions: Role- read the dialogue:
a) angrily / laughingly / dramatically
b) as a dialogue between husband and wife

Work with a partner. Ask each other these questions:
1) Why do you study medicine/ dentistry/ nursing/ psychology/ health technology?
2) Why do you want to finish your university studies?
3) Do you like music? Why? / Why not?
4) Do you often watch T.V.? Why? / Why not?
5) Do you think English is important? Why? / Why not?
a) When did you last have your menstruation?

b) Did you see the film last night?
c) Sue had a nursing practice in the hospital
d) They didnt watch the news on TV.
e) Where were you born?
f) I was in the hospital yesterday.
g) She wasnt at the party.
h) Why are you going to refer me to a gynecologist?
i) I want to study English because it is the language of international communication.
40
REVISION AND EXTENSION EXERCISES I
1) Nobody is in! Pair work.
Take turns. Follow the example given.
Student A. Call these people
a) Mr. Reeves b) Mrs. Sharandon c) Miss Flatt
d) Ms. Clark d) Dr. Swift e) Nurse Holmes
Student B: Answer the phone, but theres nobody in.
Example:
A: Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. Can I speak to Dr. Robson?
B: Sorry. Can you spell that name?
A: R-O-B-S-O-N
B: Oh, Dr. Robson is not in. Im sorry.
A: No, Problem. Ill call him later. Bye.
B: Goodbye.
2) Reordering Words. Pair Work.

Reorder the letters (student A from item 1 to 5 and student B from item 6 to 10) to form a word you know.
Then, spell to your partner the words reordered.
1) paphy 2) goverti 3) headiarr 4) thabre 5) tingh

6) glenis 7) losiophygy 8) hindbe 9) theahl 10) darw
3) Feeling all right? Pair and Group Work.

Study the grid below.
41
a) How do you feel today? Select your answer from the grid above.
b) Tell your partner how you feel and listen to how he/ she feels today.
c) Tell your other classmates how you both feel
Examples:
- I am tired but she is euphoric.
- We both are excited today.
- She is disappointed and I am frustrated.
4) Group Work. Who is the secret famous person?

The teacher will secretly tell you the name of a famous person. Each student will ask you a question to
try to guess who the famous person is. The student who identifies the secret persons name will decide
who the next famous person to be guessed is.
5) Festivities. Pair Work.

The students from a small class decided to finish the academic year with a secret friend activity. Who is
going to give a gift to whom?
a) Who is Efrens secret friend? Efrens secret friend is Martha.

b) Who is Marys secret friend?
c) Who is Susans secret friend?
d) Who is Joes secret friend?
e) Who is Damarys secret friend?
f) Who is Nancys secret friend?
g) Who is Elsys secret friend?
6) Problems! Pair Work.

Read the first sentence in each item. Then write a sentence beginning with There and use the hints given
in brackets.
42
a) The package was empty. _______________ in it (nothing)
b) The video film was violent. ______________ in the film (brutal killings)
c) The new shop was very crowded. ______________ (many things in the sale)
d) The rice pudding was too sweet. ________________in it (too much sugar)
e) The streets were very busy this morning. _____________ (a lot of traffic)
7) Commercial Break.
Look at these advertisements from a local paper:
I wont
miss it!
Shine Trounced The
This favourite Summer
local band starts again? Ball
concerts this Red Pants vs Sat.
week. Southern Lions 8pm
The Red Square Kings Baseball The
Sat. 9:30pm Stadium Cowboy
Sun. 3pm Club.
Write a sentence about each advert. Begin There is

a) Look at these model questions:
- When is the concert?
- What time is the ball?
- Where is the baseball game?
Now ask your partner similar questions about the ads.
8) Pair Work.Whats the matter?

Put in There is/ was/ were or It is/ was. Some sentences are negative (isnt / arent / wasnt / werent) and
some are questions (Is there? / is it?)
a) The polyclinic was full of people. ______________ about 150 people there.
b) The polyclinic was full of people. _____________ the day of the cardiology and Gynecology
consultations.
c) Whats the new nephrology ward like? __________ very nice?
d) _________________ a doctor here? _____________ a man with a kidney stone pain.
e) I cant see anything wrong in the x- ray. _______________ abnormalities in your lungs.
43
f) _______________ an accident in 5th Avenue but ________ very serious.
9) Spidergram.
a) Which words can you link to the words circled?
b) Form 6 sentences using two words from each Spidergram in each sentence. Compare with a partner.
10) Thats what I want to do! Pair and group Work.

a) Complete the pie chart below with the 4 activities you most like to do this weekend. Ask your teacher
for help!
b) Work in pairs
Show your pie chart to your partner. She / he will talk about the information she/ he sees in your
chart, like this: So you want to read a book and you want to watch a video. You also want to dance
and drink beer.
Do the same about your partners likes.
C) Join another pair of students. Talk about your partners interests for the weekend, like this: Arnold
wants to read a book and he wants to watch a video. He also wants to dance and to drink beer.
11) Do you ever? Pair Work.
Take turns.
A: Ask a partner about the things in the list below.
44
B: Answer the questions using always, usually, normally, often, sometimes, rarely, never.
A: Do you ever?
LIST: eat out / speak to strangers / watch the news on TV / drink coffee in the morning / go to bed late /
spend your vacation at the beach / start lessons at 7am / cook at home / go to the cinema.
12) I love eating out.

Read the following ads. Then, answer the questions about them.
1) Which restaurant is good for a couple in their honeymoon? Why?

2) Where can you telephone before you go? How do you know?
45
3) What can you have at the Bar- B- Q?
4) Where can you have breakfast? Why?
5) Which restaurants are open every day?
6) From which restaurant can you take food to your house? How do you know?
7) Where can you have a drink before you eat? Why do you say so?
8) Where can you dance? Why?
9) Where can you have a very late dinner? Why?
10) Which restaurant is closed on Sundays? How do you know?
13) Pair Work. Retelling.

Student A: Read the story in the right box.
Student B: Read the story in the left box.
Then close your books and tell your partner what you remember from the story you read.
Some young nurses were in the lounge There was a woman who had a little
with a senior doctor. The doctor was baby. One day, she needed to go to the
telling them about an interesting case he shop, but there was no one to look
had: after the baby.
Once I had a patient who believed he The woman also had a big dog. She
would find a treasure that some pirates decided to leave the dog in the babys
buried in his front yard. He spent days room. She closed the front door and
and days digging his yard until his wife went to the shop rapidly.
brought him to the hospital. She told me When she came back, she saw many
her husband was mad. I began treating neighbours in front of the house. They
him. I asked him why he believed there told her the dog was furiously barking
was a treasure in his yard and he said his and that it had blood in its mouth. The
grandfather told him about those pirates woman began to cry. She thought the
and the treasure, and that he believed dog had killed the baby. One of the
what his grandpa said. It took me a week neighbours took a gun and killed the
to, apparently, convince him the idea dog. When they went into the babys
was unreal. Then I discharged the man. room, they found a dead man. The
To my surprise, the man came back a man wanted to kidnap the baby, but
month later. He wanted to give me a the dog had killed him!
present: an old, golden watch. The
treasure really existed!.
46
Unit 5. The Consultation.
- Talking about things happening / developing at the moment (My

baby is certainly growing)
- Describing people and things (Your abdomen is quite big)
- Giving advice (You should control your diet)
- Making polite requests ( Would you please?)
- Expressing necessity (We must design a new diet)
- Asking for permission/ expressing possibility or ability (Can I
eat fried foods?)
I) Conversation
Its 9:30am, Tuesday, June 2nd. Jill Sanders is at Dr. Olivers surgery.
Dr: How are you, Mrs. Sanders?
Jill: Im OK. But my baby is certainly growing.
Dr: Yes, I see. Your abdomen is quite big. But I think you are a bit overweight. Now, you are at 23 weeks
gestation, arent you?
Jill: Thats right.
Dr: Do you have the results of the genetic ultrasound?
Jill: Yes. Here you are.
Dr: Well, all is very fine.
47
Jill: No complications?
Dr: None. But you should control your diet. Are you taking the vitamin pills?
Jill: Yes, I am.
Dr: Nurse, would you please check Jills weight?
Nurse: Come here, Mrs. Sanders. Get on the scale. Uhmm. 68 kilos.
Jill: Too fat, doctor?
Dr: Yes, due to your height. You are a short woman. We must design a new diet for you. You should eat
more vegetables and fruit and less carbohydrate. But you shouldnt eat extra bread, or too much
riceor....or too much pasta. And cut down on sweets.
Jill: Can I eat fried foods?
Dr: Yes, but do not eat too much. Will you do that?
Jill: If it is for the good health of my baby, I will.
Dr: Very good. The next appointment is at the 27 weeks gestation. Is that all right?
Jill: Of course, doctor.
II) Grammar focus: Things happening/ developing at the moment.
- My baby is certainly growing.

- Are you taking the vitamin pills? Yes, I am.
No, Im not.
Exercise 1. What is Elaine doing now?

Elaine has a very fixed schedule for her daily activities. She does the same things from Monday to Friday.
She gets up at 5:30 and at 6:15 she has breakfast. She goes to work at 6:30. She starts work at 7. And at
7:30 she reads all her patients clinical histories. Then at 8am she gives the patients their pills. At 11:45
Elaine has lunch. After that, at 12, she takes a 30 minutes rest.
Elaine gets home at exactly 5 oclock. She immediately makes dinner. At 8 she watches the news on T.V.
And at 10, she goes to bed.
Its Monday. What must Elaine be doing at these times?
Time
5:30 am: She is getting up.
6:15: she is
7 oclock:
7:30 am:
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8 oclock:
11:45:
12 m:
5 oclock:
8 oclock:
10 pm:
Exercise 2. Look at Mr. Waldens main activities this week:
Monday talk manager , 8am.

Tuesday have meeting / factory, 10am.
Wednesday business lunch, 12:30.
Thursday buy some machines, 3pm.
Friday interview new secretary, 9am.
Saturday play tennis, 11am.
Sunday lunch with mother, 1pm.
What is Mr. Walden doing now if it is:

a) Monday, 8:15:
b) Tuesday, 10:10:
c) Wednesday, 12:45:
d) Thursday, 3:05:
e) Friday, 9:15:
f) Saturday, 11:30:
g) Sunday, 1:20:
Exercise 3. Complete these conversations. Then practice them. Use the present continuous[ Be +
(verb + ing)] .
A: What ___________ you ____________? (do)
B: I _________ ____________________ English (learn)
A: _____________ you _______________? (read)

B: No, I ___________ _______________ this abstract. (translate)
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A: Where ___________ they _______________? (study)
B: They ___________ ________________ in classroom 7.
A: Why ___________ he ______________ that article? (write)

B: Because he __________ ______________ his experiences as a nurse. (publish)
A: What ________ the doctor ___________________? (look for)

B: She ___________ ____________________ signs of pneumonia.
Exercise 4. What are the people doing in these pictures?
My City
My city is very interesting. I like the daily hustle and bustle . At 7:30 in the morning, for example, you can
see that lots of people are driving to work and crowds of children are walking to school. At 8 am all the
offices are opening their doors. And at 9? Well, some people are entering the shops while others are sitting
down on the park benches. At 12 many people return home for lunch, but at 1:45 they are rushing back to
their workplaces.
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At night things are not much more different. Teenagers are talking in the streets or are waiting for their
friends to go to the disco. I really like my city.
Now answer these questions about the reading:
1) What can you see at 7:30 am?
2) What is happening at 8 oclock?
3) Describe the city life at 9am.
4) What are some people doing at 1:45?
5) Describe what young people are doing in the evening.
III) Grammar focus: Describing (Adjectives ).
- Your abdomen is certainly big.

- You are a bit overweight.
- All is very fine.
- You are a short woman.
Exercise 6. Match the sentence beginnings in A with the logic sentence endings in B.
A B
1) Sandra _____ is big. It has 40 beds.
2) Lewis and Jack _____ are necessary for hypertensives.
3) My ward _____ is interesting. I like it.
4) This city _____ is very pretty.
5) Diet and exercise _____ are very intelligent.

a) How many adjectives in list B are appropriate to the words in list A?
List A: architecture- nursing- husband power- scientist top model- history.
List B: Cuban- intelligent- modern- atomic- loyal- beautiful- classical- oriental- interesting- reliable-
relaxed.
b) Write 5 sentences like this: Modern architecture is interesting.
Write a paragraph describing your town. The questions below will help you. Use and, but, however.
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a) Where do you live?
b) Is it big or small?
c) Are the streets clean or dirty?
d) Are there many shops?
e) What about restaurants and night- clubs?
f) Are there any parks?
g) Do people go out? Or do they stay in?
h) Are the people friendly or unfriendly?
i) Is it boring or interesting?
j) Do you like it?

Match each adjective with a definition.
a) Sociable _____ A person who can entertain others by humorous actions or jokes.
b) Independent _____ A person who never arrives late.
c) Easygoing _____ A person who likes to spend time with other people.
d) Amusing _____ A person who usually stays calm and does not worry about things.
e) Talkative _____ A person who is always ready to engage in a conversation.
f) Reliable _____ A person who can be trusted.
g) Punctual _____ A person who is not influenced or controlled by other people.

Describe your classmates. Use adjectives from the list below and follow these examples:
E.g. Joan is talkative / Nelson is a sociable person.
Adjectives: punctual, intelligent, easygoing, beautiful, sociable, talkative, handsome, pretty, independent,
tall, reliable, short, amusing, friendly, generous, aggressive, relaxed, impatient, loyal, successful.
Exercise 11. What qualities do you think the people below should have? Use as many adjectives
from the previous exercise as possible. Follow the example below.
a) A husband/ wife
b) A doctor
c) A patient
d) A teacher
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Example: A husband should be loyal and.

Write a short paragraph about one member of your family, like this:
My aunt Mary is easygoing My brother is very talkative.

because she never worries He likes to speak with
about anything; but she is everybody. He is also punctual
also very independent. She because he never arrives late
does what she thinks is right. to classes or to any activity.
Nobody controls her.
Doug, Nick and Craig are in front of a disco. They are talking about their girlfriends. Listen and complete
the missing information.
IV) Grammar focus: Giving advice.
- You should control your diet.

- You should eat more vegetables and
fruit.
- You shouldnt eat extra bread.
Exercise 14. Match what the person says in A with the corresponding advice in B.
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A B
1) I have a terrible cold. _____ You shouldnt go out alone at night.
2) All my relatives are coming _____ You should take some herbal tea,
for the carnival. aspirin, and stay in bed.
3) My town is very dangerous. _____ Then you shouldnt smoke.
4) I have a toothache. _____ You shouldnt go abroad without
vaccination.
5) I am hypertensive. _____ You should buy lots of food.
6) I am probably going to _____ You should see a dentist.
work in another country.

A patient needs an ultrasound. You are talking to her mother. Advise the mother for a rapid and successful
test.
a) Do not pass water when she gets up.
b) Leave home early.
c) Drink lots of water.
d) Be the first in the line.
e) Do not get anxious.
Exercise 16. Group Work.
Your class is planning a party. What piece of advice does each member of the group give to have a good
party?
Useful Ideas: dont begin late - buy beer make a cake prepare sandwiches- bring some dance music
find a proper place dont invite strangers give presents to the best students.
On the Danger List
Mr. Lynn can have a heart attack. He is overweight and likes salty food. He smokes 20 cigarettes a day.
He never exercises and at weekends he always drinks five or six bottles of beer. He loves sweets,
especially chocolate. His family doctor diagnosed him as a type II hypertensive, but Mr. Lynn never takes
his diuretic or captopril. Both his family and friends are very worried about him.
A) Answer these questions about the reading.

1) What is one serious disease Mr. Lynn can suffer from?
54
2) What are the pre- disposing factors in his case?
3) What is his medical condition right now?
4) Who is concerned with his life style?
B) As a student of Medical Sciences, what pieces of advice would you give Mr. Lynn?
V) Grammar Focus. Making polite requests.
Would you please check Jills weight?
Exercise 18. Match the polite requests in A with suitable responses in B.
A B
1) Would you please turn down the radio? Im ___ Of course. Here you are.
studying.
2) Would you please open the windows? ____ No, I cant.
3) Would you please pass me the sugar? ____ Sorry. I didnt remember you
are preparing for a test.
4) Would you please switch on the T.V.? ____ Do you want to watch the news?
5) Would you please come back tomorrow? ____ Yes. Its very hot in here.

Imagine you are in the surgical ward (males wing) during the night shift, doing your duty. Make
polite requests to each of the following patients. Begin with Would you please?
Bed 1: The patient had an appendicectomy.
Ask him to take the pain killer.
Bed 4: It is time to give an antibiotic injection.
Ask him to turn over.
Bed 6: The bandage on the left thigh wound is wet. You have to change it. Ask him to pull down the
pyjamas bottoms.
Bed 7: The patient just came from the operating room. You have to administer a blood transfusion. Ask
him to stretch his right arm.
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Bed 9: You have to insert a new catheter, but the patient is sitting down on a chair. Ask him to lie down in
bed.
VI) Grammar Focus. Expressing necessity.
We must design a new diet for you
Exercise 20. Complete these conversations expressing logical necessity. Then practice them.
A: I cant read very well.
B: You __________________ glasses.
A: I think I have appendicitis.

B: You ________________________________________ to the hospital.
A: I do not understand this lesson.

B: You _____________________________________________
A: I am almost late for the meeting.

B: You ____________________________________ a taxi.
A: I am always too busy and stressed.

B: You ___________________________________________________
Exercise 21. Read what Raymond says about his life.

My life is not easy. I have so many things to do that I can hardly stay with my family. And my secretary is
not of much help because she does not know how to use a computer. I dont know what the teachers think
of my children at school. I dont even have time to talk to my wife; and I cannot help her to do the errands.
And my mother? Well, I can only give her a ring from time to time.
Now tell Raymond what he logically needs to do to lead a better life. Use these cues and follow the
example below:
a) change- the job.
b) secretary computing.
c) help the children homework.
d) talk - the teachers.
e) devote time wife.
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f) help- the errands.
g) go- mothers house.
Example: Your secretary must study computing.
VII) Grammar Focus. Asking for permission / Expressing possibility or ability.
Can I eat fried foods? Yes, you can.

No, you cant.
I can dance very well.
Exercise 22. Pair Work. What would you say?

Someone asks you the following questions. What would you answer, Yes, you can or No, you cant ?
a) Can I take off my shoes here?
b) Can I go to the party with your spouse?
c) Can I go to your bathroom?
d) Can I borrow your notebook?
e) Can I use your towel?
f) Can I sleep in your bed tonight?
g) Can I have dinner in your house all this week?
Exercise 23. Possible candidates.

Read this information and answer the questions about it.
WHO CAN:
1) help move a wardrobe? Why?
2) sing a song very well? Why?
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3) advise you about university studies? Why?
4) take you to the mountains? Why?
5) talk with you about agriculture? Why?
6) help you work out? Why?
7) assist you if you have a toothache? Why?

Analyze these situations. What question asking for permission would be logic in each case?
1) A student in the classroom wants to pass water.
2) A student arrives five minutes late to the lesson.
3) The mother of a recently operated on patient wants to give him some soup.
4) A classmate needs a typewriter.
5) You go to a friends house because you want to make a phone call.
6) The doctor in your ward is talking to a patient but you must ask him a question immediately.
7) You have to return to your house and you need your classmates bike.

The microbiology class is planning a weekend at the beach. Are these sentences True (T) or
False (F)?
1) They are going to the beach this weekend.
2) Eva says they should take their sunglasses and swimwear.
3) Waynes brother is going with them.
4) They should get up after 6am.
5) They must make a motel reservation before going.
6) They didnt have time to finish all their plans.
a) Are you taking the vitamin pills?

b) What are you doing?
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c) Janice and Sally are speaking on the telephone.
d) You are a bit overweight.
e) Nelson is sociable.
f) You shouldnt eat extra bread.
g) Would you please open the windows?
h) We must take a taxi.
i) Can I borrow your notebook?
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Unit 6. I have to go on a strict diet!
- Making promises ( Bring some tomatoes and

lettuce -- I will )
- Saying what you like or dont like (I like her a lot)
- Talking about what one was doing at a certain time in
the past (I was waiting for you)
- Making comparisons I (I am going to work harder)
I) Conversation
Its 12:30pm, Tuesday, June 2nd. Mrs. Sanders is talking to Earl, her husband.
Earl: Hi, Jill. Did you see the doctor?
Jill: I did. The baby is OK, but Im too fat.
Earl: I told you. You are always eating.
Jill: But I am always hungry!
Earl: too hungry, I would say.
Jill: Thats normal. I am feeding a fetus.
Earl: What are you going to do now?
Jill: I have to go on a strict diet. Not much rice or bread.
Earl: And you should eat more fruit.
Jill: Yes, fruit and vegetables.
Earl: Do you remember your mother told you that? But you didnt believe her. If you want, I will go to the
market to buy oranges and mangoes.
Jill: Yes, I really need them. And also bring some tomatoes and lettuce.
Earl: I will. But after lunch. Im very hungry!
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II) Grammar Focus. Object pronouns.
- I told you
- You didnt believe her
- I really need them
Notice how personal pronouns change when they become object pronouns:
Exercise 1. Complete these conversations with the appropriate object pronouns. Then practice
them.
A: Do you like the new soap opera?

B: Yes, I do. I like ________ very much.
A: Whos your favourite singer?

B: Enrique Iglesias. I really like ________.
A: What do you think of The Beatles?

B: I cant stand ____________.
A: Who is your favourite actress?

B: Julia Roberts. I love ___________.
A: Did you see the video of the birthday party?

B: Yes. I saw _______. You dance very well.
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Answer the questions below. Use the correct object pronoun.
Useful expressions:
I like very much / a lot. - I quite like
I dont like - I cant stand
I love
1) Do you like rock music? No, I cant stand it.

2) Do you like Olga Tan?
3) Do you like science fiction films?
4) Do you like Los Van Van?
5) Do you like vanilla ice- cream?
6) Do you like Luis Miguel?
Exercise 3. Rewrite these sentences. Begin with I and use the words in brackets.
a) Youre a nice person (like / you)
b) I think comedies are great (love / them)
c) I dont like football (stand / it)
d) Madonna is good (quite like / her)
e) I hate Sylvester Stallone ( stand / him)
Exercise 4. Give appropriate responses to each of the following persons. Use the object pronouns.
Person A: My daughter cannot walk to school.

You: Take _______ on your bicycle.
Person B: Your hot water is ready.

You: Carry _________ to the bathroom.
Person C: Your friends are here.

You: Tell _______ to come in.
Person D: I am selling potatoes.

You: Give _______ 5 pounds.
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Person E: Margaret is angry with me.
You: Send ________ some flowers.
Exercise 5. Look at the picture and complete the sentences using pronouns.
The mother is correcting her daughters paragraph. __________ has a pen in _____ right hand. And
______ is wearing a long- sleeved blouse. In ______ left arm the mother has a leather bracelet. _______ is
black.
The girl is concentrated on _______ mothers explanation. ________ is wearing the school uniform and
a sweater. ______ is a black sweater. And ______ is wearing a white blouse. Can you see ______? And
where are _______? Are _______ in ________ house?
III) Grammar Focus. Making promises.
Bring some tomatoes and lettuce ---- I will.

Look at this:
Will you come to my party? --------------- I will.
Dont be late! -------------------------------- I wont.
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Respond to these requests or commands using I will or I wont.
a) Dont smoke.
b) Please write soon.
c) Will you pay me back on Tuesday?
d) Dont drink too much.
e) Will you marry me?
f) Please dont forget the appointment.
g) You look terrible. You must see a doctor.
h) Dont phone me after 11 pm.
What do you think person B responds to person A in each of the following situations?
Mother: Keep your uniform clean in school.
Child:_____________________________
Wife: Will you pick up the children today? I cant.

Husband: __________________________
Student: Will you let me come in if I arrive late?

Teacher: ____________________________
Boss: Type this letter as soon as possible.

Secretary:__________________________
Doctor: Collect Mr. McLeans lab results.

Nurse: ______________________________
Young man: Will you let me get on without paying the bus fare?
Conductor: ____________________________
Exercise 8. Complete the following Open Dialogue using the cues in brackets.
Dickens: I dont know why Im overweight
Stevenson: (present continuous: eat) _________________________________
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Dickens: Do you think I should work out?
Stevenson: (necessity: exercise / every day)____________________________
Dickens: ( polite request: work out / me?) __________________________________
Stevenson: Yes, no problem.
Dickens: (permission: pick you up / your house) ____________________________
Stevenson: You can. Of course. (Advice: buy sportswear) _________________. And because you are so
fat, the pants should be (describing) ______________
Dickens: What about the t- shirt? Should I buy an extra size?
Stevenson: Yes. (object pronoun) Buy __________ very big.
Dickens: (promise) I _______________.
Mrs. West, a senior nurse, is introducing a lecture on vitamins. Listen and complete the cloze text below.
Mrs. West: Today I am going to talk _______ the importance of vitamins. We all know ______ there are
some connections between certain diseases ______ the food we eat. One of those connections _______
due to the vitamins we need in __________ daily diet . I am going to give you ________ examples.
Insufficient vitamin A produces changes in ________ eyes; convulsions and some kinds of anemias
__________ present in children with a deficiency _______ vitamin B-6. And if there is ________
insufficient intake of vitamin D, a childs bones may grow ________ a deformed way, resulting in the
disease known as rickets.
IV) Conversation
Its 1pm, Thursday, June 4th. Earl gets home from work.
Earl: Jill, where are you?
Jill: Im here, in the kitchen.
Earl: Did you have lunch?
Jill: Yes, I was waiting for you, but I was hungry so I had lunch. Why did you come in so late?
Earl: I was working on the new project when the manager called me for a meeting. Im going to work
harder because the project is due on Monday.
Jill: On Monday? Then you have to work longer hours.
Earl: Yes, and Im going to work faster. But the baby is more important than the project. Tell me. How are
things?
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Jill: Fine. I am eating less carbohydrate than before. And I am eating more vegetables and proteins than
ever.
Earl: Good. Thats my girl. Come here.
V) Grammar Focus. Talking about what one was doing at a certain time in the past (The past
continuous).
- I was waiting for you.

- I was working on the new project when the
manager called me.
Exercise 10. Match the sentence beginnings in column A with logic sentence endings in B.
A B
a) I was working in the garden ___ when the lights went off.
b) She was taking the dog out ___ when the veterinarian called.
c) They were driving too fast ___ when it began to rain.
d) I was finishing the homework ___ when a virus destroyed the
hard disc .
e) He was knocking at the door ___ when the police stopped them.
f) We were keyboarding in the computer ___ when his girlfriend arrived.
Exercise 11. Complete these sentences using the verbs given in brackets.
1) He ______ _________ (work) in the hospital when he _________ (meet) his future wife.
2) This time last year I _________ ___________ (visit) my sister in Jamaica.
3) They _________ ____________ (study) at university from 1996 to 2001.
4) We __________ _____________ ( live) with our parents before that.
5) Tony _________ _____________ (investigate) that topic when he was in Europe.
Exercise 12. pair Work.

Ask your partner these questions about yesterday.
You: What were you doing at ___________ yesterday?
Partner: I was
7:30 am:
8:45 am:
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10:15 am:
12m:
6pm:
8:30 pm:
11:50 pm:
Exercise 13. An earthquake happened last week. Describe what these people were doing when it
happened.

In the following sentences, put one verb in the past simple and one verb in the past continuous.
1) I ___________________ (have) lunch at home yesterday when the postman ______________ (arrive).
2) While I _________________ (watch) T.V. last night, I ______________ (fall) asleep.
3) I _____________ (find) this $10 bill as I __________ (walk) across the park this morning.
4) They ___________ (see) our favourite singer while they ______________
( drive) to the beach.
5) While I ______________ (stand) there, that stranger ____________ (ask) me how to get to the bus
stop.
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Exercise 15. Complete these sentences with information of your own. Then compare with a partner.
a) Once, I was staying at the beach _______________________________
b) I was visiting my mother a few days ago__________________________
c) While I was having breakfast yesterday, __________________________
d) Once, when I was going to have ice cream,_______________________
e) I was trying to catch a bus _____________________________________
VI) Grammar Focus. Making comparisons (I).
- I am going to work harder.

- You have to work longer hours.
- Im going to work faster
- The baby is more important than the project.
In all the examples above we use adjectives to make comparisons. But
we can also compare numbers or amounts of things, like in these
examples:
- I am eating less carbohydrate than before.
- I am eating more vegetables and proteins than ever.
Notice this: We add er to adjectives such as: big, busy, cheap, clean, cold, dirty, dry, fast, fresh,
friendly, great, hard, healthy, high, hot, large, long, new, noisy, quiet, safe, sick, short, slow, small, tall,
warm, wet.
BUT we add more or less to adjectives such as: awful, beautiful, boring, crowded, dangerous, delicious,
exciting, expensive, fascinating, important, interesting, modern, populated, wonderful.
And notice these irregular forms: Good better
Bad - worse
Exercise 16. Complete these sentences.

1) Los Angeles is big but London is ___________________ (big).
2) City life is ____________________ than country life (exciting).
3) People from the countryside are ____________ than people from cities (friendly).
4) The eastern part of Cuba is ___________ than the western part (dry).
5) America is ______________________ than Cuba (dangerous).
6) Varadero is _________________ than Cayo Coco (beautiful).
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7) In general, young people are _________ than old people (healthy).
8) China is ____________________ than Canada (populated).

A: Is Cienfuegos ___________ ______________ Havana ? (noisy)
B: No. Havana is much _____________. And it is ______________. (crowded)
A: And which city is ________________, Santiago de Cuba or Las Tunas? (interesting)

B: Santiago is _______________________. It is full of historical places.
A: Is Matanzas city _______________________ Santa Clara? (large)

B: No, it isnt. Santa Clara is ____________________.
A: Which is ________________, Sancti Spiritus or Guantnamo? (Cheap)

B: Guantnamo is ___________________. From Camaguey to Pinar things are
________________________ .(expensive)
A: Is the Nile _______________ than Cauto river? (long)

B: Yes, much ________________. Everybody knows that!
Exercise 18. Write 5 sentences comparing your province to other provinces. Read them to your
partner.
Exercise 19. Pair Work. Answer these questions with your personal opinion. Give complete answers.
Which do you think is:
1) more interesting, baseball or football?
2) better, living alone or with the family?
3) bigger, Russia or Italy?
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4) more boring, reading a book or watching T.V.?
5) more dangerous, travelling by train or by bus?
6) older, Havana or Madrid?
7) worse to live, the North Pole or Asia?
Kevin, Arnold and Kyle are talking after their vacation. Listen and complete the missing
information.

Read what a man narrates about his visit to a capitalist country. Then correct these sentences:
1) The narrator describes his visit to a third- world country.
2) There were some people in the banks asking for money.
3) A woman was searching through a trash can.
4) There was a woman with a flag in her hands.
5) Her family members were asking for help in a park.
Nothing is perfect!
Some people think that living in a first- world country is the perfect happiness. They are wrong. I had the
chance to visit a developed country. There are more shops, and transportation is better, for example. That
is true. But There were many people in the streets asking for money because they dont have jobs. One
day I had two unpleasant experiences at a time. First I saw a man who was searching through a trash can
because his children were hungry and he wanted to find some food. That was shocking to me. But it was
even more shocking when I saw a woman with a placard in her hands. The sign said Help me save my
daughter. I asked her what her daughters problem was. She said her daughter was suffering from a
serious medical problem and she needed a special treatment, but it was too expensive. All the family
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members were asking people in the street for money to pay the hospital bill. There are problems in my
country. Nothing is perfect. But things like those do not happen here.

Write two paragraphs comparing two places you know very well.
Example: There are many differences between Holgun and Manzanillo. In Manzanillo the air is fresher
but Holgun is much more modern. However, fish in Manzanillo is cheaper than in Holgun
a) You didnt believe her.

b) I cant stand them.
c) Will you come to my party? --- Yes, I will.
d) They were driving too fast when the police stopped them.
e) The surgeons were operating on a patient when the earthquake happened.
f) I am going to work harder.
g) The baby is more important than the project.
h) The eastern part of Cuba is drier than the western part.
Are you ready for Progress Test II? Follow your teachers instructions.
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Unit 7 . The Lot.
- Making comparisons II (I have not eaten as much as before)

- Asking about / describing past events and experiences
(Have you followed my instructions?
Yes, I have / No, I havent.
I) Conversation
Its 10:15 am. July 3rd. Mrs. Sanders is with Dr. Oliver in the policlinics.
Dr: Have you followed my instructions?
Jill: I have, doctor.
Dr: Yes, I see in your medical record that your weight gain is now the correct one. Have you had trouble
finding fruit and vegetables?
Jill: No, I havent. But I have missed the sweets.
Dr: You mean youve not eaten as much as before?
Jill: yes, thats the truth.
Dr: Oh, thats a relief because I told you to cut down, not to cut out on sweets. Both you and your baby
need a certain amount of sugar. Now, the nurse told me your B.P. is normal. Thats very good. Have you
noticed any swelling of your ankles?
Jill: No. I rest enough. And I eat properly.
Dr: Hows your sleep?
Jill: I sleep very well. The baby makes me wake up suddenly sometimes, but I get back to sleep rapidly.
Dr: Youre doing very well, Mrs. Sanders. Im sure youll have a healthy baby.
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II) Grammar Focus. Making comparisons (II).
- I have not eaten as much as before

Look at this other example:
- The Isle of Youth is not as large as Cuba.
Many native speakers would say:
- The Isle of Youth is not so large as Cuba.
Exercise 1. Make comparisons. Use the cues given below and asas or not asas/ not
soas.
1) Havana- Mexico City/ crowded.
2) The North Pole The South Pole / cold.
3) Smokers non-smokers / healthy.
4) Paris- London / modern.
5) Cauto river The Nile/ long.
6) Tokyo- New York / expensive.
7) Nursing- Medicine / important.
8) Rome- Athens / old.
9) Winter in Canada winter in Jamaica / good.
10) The night in the countryside- the night in a city / interesting.
Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentences. Use the words in brackets.

a) Madrid is safer than New York (not / dangerous)
b) Hotels in Cayo Coco are cheaper than in Varadero (not / expensive)
c) Travelling by car is faster than travelling by train (not / slow)
d) Country life is more boring than city life ( not / exciting)
e) English food is terrible. Cuban food is delicious (not/ good)
Exercise 3. Pair Work. How do they compare?

Think of two places in our country. Compare them by discussing these topics:
weather (rain, temperature, in winter and summer)
entertainment (movies, theatres, museums, art galleries, etc)
shopping (number of shops, items in shops, prices)
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Problems ( water supply, transport, blackouts or power outages, housing).
Select a city from the eastern part and one from the western part of the country. Write two paragraphs
comparing them.
III) Grammar focus. The Present Perfect.
- Have you followed my instructions?

Yes, I have.
- Have you had trouble finding fruit and vegetables?
No, I havent.
- I have missed the sweets.
- You have not eaten as much as before?
- Have you noticed any swelling of your ankles?
Remember this: The third person singular ( he, she, it ) uses HAS
Example: She has not noticed any swelling of her ankles.
Exercise 5. Complete these conversations with the present perfect. Then practice them.
A: ________ you _____________ (be) to another country?

B: No, I _________. But I hope to, some time in the future.
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A: _________ you _________ (go out) to central Park on Saturday evening?
B: Yes, I __________. Many times.
A: __________ you ever __________ (find) any money in the street?

B: No, I _____________. Im not very lucky, you know.
A: __________ you ever _____________ (stay) in a good hotel?

B: Yes, I _________. Two years ago, when I visited Varadero.
A: ________ you ___________ (eat) Chinese food?

B: Yes, I ________. Its my favourite kind of food.
Exercise 6. Pair Work. Have you ever done these things?

A) Interview your partner and takes notes. If he/ she says yes, he/ she should give details, like in the
example below.
Have you ever:
a) seen a famous actor?
b) cooked for many people?
c) helped a sick person?
d) ridden a bicycle?
e) been to a concert?
f) lost a valuable possession?
g) slept under the stars?
h) arrived late to work?
E.g. I have seen a famous actor. It was when I visited the Capital city. I saw
B) Change partners. Tell another classmate about the person you interviewed.
a) What is your favourite city? Why?
Now read what Wilson is telling you about his favourite city:
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My Favourite City
I have had wonderful experiences in my life, basically because I have visited all the provinces. And I
have stayed at good hotels, too. My wife has always been with me. But of all the places my favourite is
Havana City because there is so much to do and see there. For example, I have been to the National Zoo
four times. I love animals. I have also been to ExpoCuba several times. I like to see the marvellous
exhibitions there. My weak side is ice cream. I have forgotten how many times I have had ice cream in the
nationally famous Coppelia cafeteria. Although, contrary to my preference for Havana, I would never
leave my hometown.
b) All these sentences are wrong. Can you correct them according to Wilsons words?
1) Wilson has not had any interesting experiences in his life.
2) He has always stayed at guest houses.
3) His wife has never accompanied him.
4) He has not visited good places in Havana.
5) He has never had ice cream in Coppelia cafeteria.
Exercise 8. Individual Practice.

Answer these questions about yourself. Write down the answers.
1) How many times have you visited other provinces?
2) How have you travelled? (by bus, by car, by train, etc)
3) Where have you stayed at?
4) Which places have you visited?
5) Have you ever eaten in an Italian restaurant?
6) Have you seen any films there?
7) Have you done other things in those provinces?

Student A: You have to receive several visitors at the International Airline Terminal. You want to know if
some flights have already arrived. Call the airport. Follow the examples given below.
Student B: You work at the International Airline Terminal. Answer As questions, using this timetable:
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Example:
A: Has the flight from Paris arrived yet?
B: Yes, it has
A: And has the flight from Tokyo arrived yet?
B: No, it hasnt arrived yet. It is delayed.
Exercise 10. Group Work. Find someone who

Walk around the classroom interviewing your classmates. Begin your questions with Have you?
Find someone who:
a) _______ has been chased by a dog.
b) _______ has always played cards during the holidays.
c) _______ has met a famous person.
d) _______ has had a relative in an internationalist mission.
e) _______ has been in a car accident.
f) _______ has stayed at a five star hotel.
g) _______ has lost a valuable thing.
h) _______ has been operated on appendicitis.

Listen to Mr. Caulfield and Mr. Redford talking while they wait for a plane at an international
airport.
A) Answer these questions.
- Has Mr. Redford ever worked in another country?
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- Has Mr. Caulfield ever been to Jamaica?
- Has Mr. Redford seen hurricanes hitting a country?
B) Listen again. What does Mr. Redford say about the last hurricane?
a) I have not eaten as much as before.

b) She hasnt noticed any swelling of her ankles.
c) Have you followed my instructions?
d) The North Pole is as cold as the South Pole.
e) Alfred has had a relative in an internationalist mission.
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Unit 8. I already speak English very well.
- Giving directions (Walk straight ahead).

- Describing actions (I rest enough).
It is 1 oclock and Jill sanders left this note to her husband. Complete it using the words from this
list: so now - very well - early - for two hours.
Earl:
Im going to the gym _____. Its still ______ but I want to exercise _______. Dont
worry. I feel ____ _____. I need all my exercises. Pick me up at 5 p. m. Love you
_____ much.
Jill
I) Conversation
Its 4pm. Earl calls Jill on her cell phone.
Jill: Hello?
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Earl: Jill! Thank God you have your cell phone at hand. Listen Jill, I dont know where the gym you go to
is located.
Jill: Are you kidding? Do you know where Joes Caf is?
Earl: Yes. On the corner of 5th Avenue and London Street.
Jill: Correct. When you get to Joes Caf, turn left on London Street. Go down that street for three blocks;
then turn right on Prince Street, and the gym is on the left, between The Stars Cinema and Davincis
Restaurant.
Earl: Is it by Jenners shop, near the train station?
Jill: Exactly. In front of the ice- cream shop.
Earl: I know where that is. OK. Ill pick you up in an hour. Bye.
Jill: Bye.
II) Grammar Focus: Giving directions.
- Turn left on London Street and go down that street for three
blocks.
- Then turn right on Prince Street, and the gym is on the left,
between The Stars Cinema and Davincis Restaurant.
- In front of the ice- cream shop.
Look at this: When giving directions, the following words are very
useful. Do you know their meanings ?
Useful Words:
- (If you are on foot) walk up/ down/ straight ahead/ through /
across / along
- (If you are either on foot or travelling by any means of
transportation) go up/ down/ along/ straight ahead
- Turn right /left
- Between and / by / near / close by/ next to / on the corner of
and / in front of.

Look at this map. Practice giving directions, departing from the question mark.
Useful words and expressions:
Go up/ down/ along
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Walk up/ down/ straight ahead
Turn right/ left
On the corner of/ next to/ near/
between / by / in front of.
Example: To get to Toms Inn, go down 7th Avenue for two blocks. That is Maple Street. Turn right on
Maple Street and cross 5th Avenue. The Inn is on the left, next to the restaurant.
Exercise 2. Group Work.

a) Write directions to get to a location from your school. Follow the example below.
b) Read out loud the directions you wrote down. Do not say the name of the place. Your classmates have
to guess it!
Example:
A: Exit the school and turn left. Walk straight ahead for four blocks; then turn left on Mill Street.
Go up Mill Street to the traffic lights. Cross the street. The place I want you to go to is on your right,
between the cafeteria and the Wedding Palace.
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B: I know. Its....
III) Grammar Focus. Describing actions (Adverbs).
- I rest enough.
- I eat properly.
- I sleep very well.
- The baby wakes me up suddenly.
- I get back to sleep rapidly.
- You are doing very well.
Remember what adverbs describe. Think of the name AVA (
Adjective-Verb-Adverb).
Adverbs answer the questions How? When ? Where ?
Some types of adverbs

Adverbs of frequency, duration and time. ( When, how long or how often an action is or
was done) :
E.g. Soon, often, always, never, yesterday, immediately, today, for five days, now:
Adverbs of manner ( How an action is or was done )
E.g. Quickly, rapidly, quietly, slowly, together
Adverbs of place ( Where an action takes place)
E.g. Outside, near, here, there, in the ICU
Adverbs of degree (To what extent an action is or was done)
E.g. Completely, perfectly, enormously, nearly, so, too
Irregular adverbs
E.g. Fast, hard, late, early, straight
Exercise 3. Pair Work .

Analyze the ideas below. Put them in the correct order.
a. Jill Sanders Dr. Oliver very knows well

b. he- visit- her always prefers to in the morning
c. answers the - questions- Jill doctors- quickly
d. family live Dr. Olivers near - The Sanders - office
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e. The - will have the report- nurse finished completely on Tuesday
f. Mrs. Sanders her appointment early- has to get up Dr. Oliver with for.
Exercise 4. These ideas are about the Sanders family. Complete them using the correct adverb in
the box below. Sometimes more than one adverb is possible.
happily- reasonably regularly rapidly

very slowly suddenly- perfectly
a) Mr. Sanders arrived from the supermarket __________________.
b) The prices were ________ cheap.
c) The service was very good. Earl thinks the workers are working _____well.
d) When Earl arrived home, he ______saw his wife eating oranges and mangoes in the kitchen.
e) Mrs. Sanders is not walking so ____________ now. She has lost some weight.
f) Mrs. Sanders is trying to keep her weight by eating fruits and vegetables ______________.
g) Jill and Earl are living _____________ in their new flat.

Mr. and Mrs. Sanders are a happy couple. How often do they... ? Talk to your partner about this
couple.
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Survey results
This survey was applied to Mr. Sanders . Read and comment about his answers.
SURVEY.
1. Never 2. Occasionally 3 . Often 4. Usually 5. Always
How often do you...
1. ... eat salty food ?-- 3
2. ... go on long walks on weekends ? --4
3. ... take your medications ?-- 5
4. ... drink soft drinks ? -- 2
5. ... smoke ? -- 1

A) Find in Column B the equivalent of the adverbs in column A.
A B
a) Quietly ___Rapidly
b) Enough ___ Outdoors
c) Totally ___ Arduously
d) Outside ___ Sufficiently
e) Too ___ Calmly
f) Hard ___ Excessively
g) Fast ___ Completely
B) Use the adverbs above to talk to your partner about you.

Example: I work hard or I work arduously.
Exercise 8. Complete this conversation between Jill and Earl. Use the appropriate adverb from this
box. Then practice the conversation with a partner.
Almost- soon- today- very well

happily fast late- very- quickly.
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Earl: Jill ?
Jill : Yes ?
Earl: Whats the matter, darling ? You havent gotten up. Its 9 oclock and you are still in bed!
Jill : Oh Earl, I dont feel ___ ______.
Earl: What is the problem ?
Jill: I am _______ tired and I feel _______ starving . Do you think I can eat any bread now
?
Earl: Hmm... Why not a glass of milk or yoghurt ? I will bring it ____________.
Jill : Thanks, darling. Go _______ to the kitchen and bring it as ______ as you can.
Earl: Will you go to the gym for your exercises _________?
Jill : You mean this morning ? Maybe.
Earl: And how do you feel now? Well, dont answer. When you smile ______________ like
now, I know you are fine. Im going to my office. Call me if you need me.
Jill: Ill stay in bed some more minutes. But hurry! Dont get _________ to work.
You have a personal problem and cannot get to class on time today. Write a note to your teacher,
apologizing and explaining why you are not coming punctually. Which of these adverbs can you use?
Early enough / today/ very / rapidly / soon / quickly.
Begin like this:
Dear teacher,
I
And finish like this:
Sincerely,
____________
Wendy and Kathy are planning their holiday. Listen and complete the blank spaces.
Wendy: I think we should begin our trip by the western part. Do you agree?
Kathy: ________________ not. I cant wait to visit the eastern provinces. I want to spend my vacations
__________________ in the east.
Wendy: Dont go so ______________! Wait a minute. Dont you like to know Trinidad and Sancti
Spiritus?
Kathy: Well, yes; but what about the price of rooms there?
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Wendy: They must be ___________________ cheap in the camping sites.
Kathy: I am not _________ sure.
Wendy: You are ___________________ so pessimistic. Listen, we should plan everything
_________________. We only have a month. Listen to my proposal: one week in the east, one in the
central provinces, and one in the western part.
Kathy: And the other week?
Wendy: Here. We __________ have time to visit museums, go to concerts or to the beach. Dont you like
the idea?
Kathy: Sounds good. But next vacations Ill go to Santiago and Bayamo for at least __________
______________.
Wendy: Ha
a) I dont rest enough.

b) The prices are reasonably cheap.
c) I never eat salty food.
d) She does not feel very well.
e) Dont come late to classes.
f) Go down this street to the traffic lights.
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Complementary Unit. The Human Body.
- The parts of the human body.

- Prepositions.
Exercise 1. Look at the picture. How many parts of the body can you name?
Exercise 2. Read the following clues to label the picture.

a) You have two arms and two legs.
b) At the end of each arm there is a hand and on each hand you have four fingers and a thumb.
c) At the end of your legs are your feet. Each foot has five toes.
d) Your chest is above your stomach. Your neck is between your chest and your head.
e) There is an ear on each side of your head. There is hair on top of your head.
f) The front of your head is your face. You have two eyes. You have a nose and a mouth.
g) Inside your mouth you have teeth and the tongue. Your teeth are white.
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I)Grammar Focus: prepositions.
ON: There is hair on your head.

BETWEEN: The neck is between the chest and the head.
ABOVE: The chest is above the stomach.
BELOW: The stomach is below the chest.
INSIDE: There are ribs inside the chest.
IN: The appendix is in the abdomen.
BEHIND: The calf is behind the legs.
Exercise 3.Circle the correct preposition in these sentences.

1- The head is ( IN- ON- BEHIND) the top of the body.
2- The teeth are (INSIDE- AT- ON) the mouth.
3- The stomach is (IN- ABOVE - BELOW) the abdomen.
4- The chest is (AT- BELOW- ON) the head and the neck.
5- The foot is (IN- ON- BELOW) the ankle.
6- The nose begins ( AT- INSIDE- BETWEEN) the eyes.
7- The heart is (ON- BELOW- INSIDE) the thorax.
8- The knees are (BETWEEN- IN- ON) the legs and the thighs.
Exercise 4. Write 5 sentences of your own, following the models in exercise 3. Compare with your
partner.

Take turns. Student A points to a part of the body and student B identifies which part is being referred to.
Read this text and then complete the sentences below about it.
Nature is clever!
The human body is a complex but perfect mechanism. It is impossible to arrange the elements in that
mechanism in order of importance. Are the bones more important than the muscles or the nerves? What
88
about the body systems? If you count them, you will see that we humans have the cardiovascular system,
the respiratory system, the genitourinary system, the gastrointestinal system, the endocrine system, the
immune system and the nervous system. Which of them is more important? And, is an organ more
important than the other? Could we say that the heart is more important than the brain, the kidneys, the
lungs, the bladder or the liver? We need all of them working properly for a healthy life.
If a bone is broken, if the nerves are affected, if a muscle is sprained, if a body system has problems, then
that person is sick.
Nature has made the human body a perfect mechanism but at the same time its complexity makes the
work of health professionals more difficult than the work of any other professional.
Complete the sentences below:

a) The skeleton is composed of _________________.
b) The bones are surrounded by ________________.
c) The _______________ transmit the information from the brain to the whole body.
d) Blood runs through the ____________________ system, whereas oxygen runs through the
________________ system.
e) The main organs in the abdomen and lower back are the _____________, the _______, and the
___________.
f) The ______________ and the ______________ are located in the chest.
Exercise 7. Odd word out!

Which word does not belong in each list? Can you say the reason?
a) Calf Knee Finger Thigh
b) Eyelash Chest Lips Nose
c) Heart Liver Kidney Foot
d) Arm Ankle Toe Heel
e) Blood vessel Eye Artery Vein
f) Elbow Wrist Knee Hair
Exercise 8. Categories.
Put each of the following words in the appropriate category:
Eyelid nails teeth ribs waist ankle jaw lungs knuckle forearm forehead back.
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Head Trunk Limbs
Exercise 9. Crossword puzzle.

Student A : You have part of a crossword puzzle, with only half of the solutions. Your partner has the
other part. When your partner asks for help with missing words (e.g. whats 2 down?) , give him/ her the
clues in your part but never point to that part of the body.
Across clues:
1) The part of the body that is opposite to the front.
3) The joint which connects the foot to the leg.
7) The pieces of flesh which form the top and bottom edges of the mouth.
10) The rounded back part of the foot.
12) Two long parts of the body which are fixed to the shoulders.
15) The front part of your leg between your knee and your foot.
18) Short hairs which grow along the edges of the eye.
Down clues:
2) One of the joints of the fingers.
4) An organ which takes away waste matter from the blood to produce urine.
10) The mass of thin threadlike structures on the head of a person.
11) The organ which cleans the blood and produces bile.
90
Student B : You have part of a crossword puzzle, with only half of the solutions. Your partner has the
other part. When your partner asks for help with missing words (e.g. whats 14 cross?), give him/ her the
clues in your part but never point to that part of the body.
Across clues:
9) The middle joint of the leg.
13) The part of the face below the mouth.
14) A tube that carries blood to the heart from the other parts of the body.
16) The part of the body between the hand and the arm.
Down clues:
1) The whole physical structure that is a person.
5) Either of the two pieces of skin which can close over each eye.
6) Bones that curve round from the back to your chest.
8) The inside part of your hand.
15) The bottom part of the foot.
17) One of the five movable jointed parts at the end of the foot.
Exercise 10. Pair Work. Are we talking about something in the?

a) In pairs, think of:
91
three parts of the body that go in pairs (e.g. the wrists)
three parts of the body that go alone (e.g. the liver)
Three parts of the body that are multiple (e.g. the veins)
b) Join another pair of students and try to identify the parts of the body they selected. Have
conversations like this:
Pair A: Are we talking about something in the abdomen?
Pair B: Yes.
Pair A: Does it go alone? / Does it go in pairs? / Are they multiple?
Pair B: Yes.
Pair A: Is it a target / very important organ?
Pair B: Yes.
Pair A: Is it the liver?
Pair B: Yes, it is.
Exercise 11. Guess what?

Pair work.
Write a definition for each of the following words. Then, take turns reading your definitions to your
partner. She/ he has to guess which word you are defining. Follow this example:
Student A: It is located inside the chest. It is the organ that sends the blood around the body.
Student B: Thats the heart.
Useful language
Phrases: It is located inside the
It produces / They produce.
It filters/ They filter
It controls...
They carry .. to.
They transmit
Words: Blood- bile- urine - thought and memory- information.
a) The blood vessels
b) Liver
c) Kidneys
d) Brain
e) Nerves
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REVISION AND EXTENSION EXERCISES II
Exercise 1 Complete the following open dialogue. Then practice it.
Patient: I am overweight, nurse. What should I do?

Nurse: You ________________________________________________
Patient. Would _____________________________________________?
Nurse: Design a diet for you? Well, you really should see a dietician.
Patient: __________________________________ an appointment?
Nurse: Of course you can make it. Lets go to her secretarys office.
Patient: Will you go with me?
Nurse: I ___________.
Exercise 2. Describe and compare the people in the pictures. Use the words from the table below.
Then practice describing your classmates.
General Attractive, casual, well- dressed, smart: She is attractive / She looks smart
Face A beard, a moustache, glasses: He has a beard / Shes wearing glasses
Hair Long, blonde, short, dark, wavy, bald: His hair is long / He is bald
Build Tall, overweight, short, medium- height, slim: She is slim
Age Middle- aged, about 45, in her twenties: They are in their fifties
Eyes Blue, brown, green, hazel: She has blue eyes
Exercise 3 . Pair Work.

The table below shows the specific places where home accidents happened last month.
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Table 1. Place of accident
Place Number of accidents
Kitchen 25
Bedroom 8
Staircase 18
Bathroom 16
Corridor 15
Balcony 8
Garage 10
Write 5 sentences comparing the number of accidents, like this:

There were more accidents in the staircase than in the balcony
There were less accidents in the balcony than in the staircase
Compare:
a) bathroom and garage
b) corridor and kitchen
c) balcony and bedroom
d) staircase and bathroom
e) bedroom and kitchen
Exercise 4. Group work.

Work in trios. Analyze the group of words given and follow the example.
a) English Russian- Chinese (difficult)
b) Fishing- swimming dancing (enjoyable)
c) Santa Lucia Guardalavaca Varadero (beautiful)
d) Travelling by car travelling by bus travelling by plane (comfortable)
e) Strawberry ice cream vanilla ice cream chocolate ice cream
( tasteful)
f) Reading watching TV - knitting (boring)
Example:
Student A: I think English is more difficult than Russian.
Student B: Well, I think it is much less difficult.
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Student C: Neither of them is as difficult as Chinese.
Exercise 5. Making keyboard- friends.

This is an email from Robert Garca. Robert wants a keyboard- friend. He is writing to an Internet
discussion list for young people.
From: robert@infonurse.sld.cu
To: listserv@mailyounggroup.net
Cc:
Bcc:
Subject: Looking for friend.
Hi!
Would you like to be my keyboard- friend? I am 25 years old and 1.73m. tall, with dark hair
and green eyes. I live in Havana City with my mother, my father and a sister.
I am a nursing student. I go to university every day from 8 am to 4:40 pm. First we have
nursing lessons. Then we have a lunch break for an hour. In the afternoon we have English
and computing classes.
I hope you will write to me and tell me about yourself.
Yours,
Robert Garca
Send
A) Look at this information. Choose one person for Roberts keyboard- friend. Write a reply from
that person to Robert. Copy the email and complete the sentences.
Name Yasmin Watford Shakira Parkins
Age 19 22
Height 1.56 m 1.63 m
Color of hair Black Dark
Color of eyes Black Brown
Interests Pop music, swimming Dancing, reading
Family Three brothers A sister
Residence Lyons, France Kingston, Jamaica
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From:
To: robert@infonurse.sld.cu
Cc:
Bcc:
Subject: Re:Looking for friend.
Dear Robert,
Yes, I would like to be your keyboard- friend. I am _______ years old and _______ m tall
with _________ hair and _________ eyes. I live in ______________ with
______________________. I like __________________. I also love ______________.
Please write to me again.
Yours,
Send
B) Write an email to Robert offering to be one of his keyboard- friends. Give as much details as
possible about you and your life.
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Appendix 1. Verbs used in this book
A) Regular Verbs
Present Spanish Past Past participle

Administer Administrar Administered Administered
Admit Ingresar Admitted Admitted
Advise Aconsejar Advised Advised
Answer Responder Answered Answered
Appear Aparecer, parecer Appeared Appeared
Arrive Llegar Arrived Arrived
Ask Preguntar Asked Asked
Believe Creer Believed Believed
Belong Pertenecer Belonged Belonged
Borrow Pedir prestado Borrowed Borrowed
Call Llamar Called Called
Carry Llevar, cargar Carried Carried
Change Cambiar Changed Changed
Chase Perseguir Chased Chased
Check Chequear Checked Checked
Circle Circular Circled Circled
Collect Recojer Collected Collected
Compare Comparar Compared Compared
Complain Quejarse de Complained Complained
Complete Completar Completed completed
Concentrate Concentrar(se) Concentrated Concentrated
Concern Preocupar(se) Concerned Concerned
Contain Contener Contained Contained
Control Controlar Controlled Controlled
Cook Cocinar Cooked Cooked
Copy Copiar Copied Copied
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Present Spanish Past Past Participle
Correct Corregir Corrected Corrected
Dance Bailar Danced Danced
Describe Describir Described Described
Design Disear Designed Designed
Destroy Destruir Destroyed Destroyed
Devote Dedicar Devoted Devoted
Diagnose Diagnosticar Diagnosed Diagnosed
Dictate Dictar Dictated Dictated
Discuss Discutir Discussed Discussed
Engage Establecer Engaged Engaged
Enter Entrar Entered Entered
Entertain Entretener Entertained Entertained
Establish Establecer Established Established
Exercise Ejercitar(se) Exercised Exercised
Finish Terminar Finished Finished
Follow Seguir Followed Followed
Happen Ocurrir Happened Happened
Hate Odiar Hated Hated
Help Ayudar Helped Helped
Influence Influir Influenced Influenced
Inject Inyectar Injected Injected
Injure Daar, lastimar Injured Injured
Insert Insertar Inserted Inserted
Interview Entrevistar Interviewed Interviewed
Introduce Presentar Introduced Introduced
Investigate Investigar Investigated Investigated
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Invite Invitar Invited Invited
Keyboard Teclear Keyboarded Keyboarded
Knock Tocar Knocked Knocked
Label Rotular, marcar Labelled Labelled
Learn* (also irregular) Aprender, conocer Learned Learned
Like Gustar Liked Liked
Listen Escuchar Listened Listened
Live Vivir Lived Lived
Look Mirar Looked Looked
Love Amar Loved Loved
Marry Casar(se) Married Married
Match Enlazar Matched Matched
Miss Perder Missed Missed
Modify Modificar Modified Modified
Move Mover, mudar Moved Moved
Name Nombrar Named Named
Need Necesitar Needed Needed
Notice Notar Noticed Noticed
Observe Observar Observed Observed
Open Abrir Opened Opened
Operate Operar Operated Operated
Pass Aprobar Passed Passed
Phone Telefonear Phoned Phoned
Plan Planificar Planned Planned
Play Jugar Played Played
Point Sealar Pointed Pointed
Prefer Preferir Preferred Preferred
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Present Spanish Past Past participle
Prepare Preparar Prepared Prepared
Publish Publicar Published Published
Pull Halar Pulled Pulled
Refer Remitir Referred Referred
Remember Recordar Remembered Remembered
Repair Reparar Repaired Repaired
Replace Sustituir, cambiar Replaced Replaced
Report Reportar Reported Reported
Rest Descansar Rested rested
Rush Apurar(se) Rushed Rushed
Scream Gritar Screamed Screamed
Search Buscar Searched Searched
Smile Sonreir Smiled Smiled
Smoke Fumar Smoked Smoked
Start Comenzar Started Started
starve Pasar o morir de hambre Starved Starved
Stay Permanecer Stayed Stayed
Stop Detener, parar Stopped Stopped
Stretch Estirar Stretched Stretched
Study Estudiar Studied Studied
Substitute Sustituir Substituted Substituted
Switch Cambiar; conectar Switched Switched
Talk Conversar Talked Talked
Thank Agradecer, dar las gracias Thanked Thanked
Transform Transformar Transformed Transformed
Translate Traducir Translated Translated
Travel Viajar Travelled Travelled
Try Tratar; probar(se) Tried Tried
Turn Girar, voltear(se) Turned Turned
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Type Mecanografiar/ teclear Typed Typed
Underline Subrayar Underlined Underlined
Use Usar Used Used
Visit Visitar Visited Visited
Vomit Vomitar Vomited Vomited
Want Querer Wanted Wanted
Work Trabajar Worked Worked
wait Esperar Waited Waited
Walk Caminar Walked Walked
Wash Lavar Washed Washed
Watch Observar, mirar Watched Watched
Worry Preocupar(se) Worried Worried
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B) Irregular Verbs

Be (am, is, are) Ser o Estar Was, Were Been
Begin Empezar Began Begun
Bring Traer Brought Brought
Buy Comprar Bought Bought
Come Venir Came Come
Cut Cortar Cut Cut
Do Hacer Did Done
Draw Dibujar Drew Drawn
Drink Tomar Drank Drunk
Drive Manejar Drove Driven
Eat Comer Ate Eaten
Fall Caerse Fell Fallen
Feed Alimentar Fed Fed
Feel Sentir Felt Felt
Find Hallar Found Found
Forget Olvidar Forgot Forgotten
Get Obtener, coger Got Gotten
Give Dar Gave Given
Go Ir Went Gone
Grow Crecer Grew Grown
Have Tener Had Had
Hurt Herir, doler Hurt Hurt
Keep Mantener, guarder Kept Kept
Learn Aprender Learnt Learnt
Leave Dejar, salir Left Left
Let Permitir Let Let
lie Acostrase Lay Lain
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Lose Perder Lost Lost
Make Hacer, producir Made Made
Meet Conocer, reunirse Met Met
Pay Pagar Paid Paid
Put Poner, colocar Put Put
Read Leer Read Read
Ride Cabalgar, pasear en Rode Ridden
Say Decir Said Said
See Ver Saw Seen
Sell Vender Sold Sold
Send Enviar Sent Sent
Show Mostrar Showed Shown
Sit Sentarse Sat Sat
Sleep Dormir Slept Slept
Speak Hablar Spoke Spoken
Spell Deletrear Spelt Spelt
Spend Pasar, invertir Spent Spent
Stand Pararse Stood Stood
Take Tomar, llevar Took Taken
Tell Decir, informar Told Told
Think Pensar Thought Thought
Understand Comprender Understood Understood
Wake up Despertar Woke up Woken up
Wear Vestir, usar Wore Worn
Write Escribir Wrote Written
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Appendix 2. Introduccin a la Gramtica
Lo bsico que debes conocer antes de empezar a estudiar ingls.
Tanto la gramtica inglesa como la espaola tienen muchas cosas en comn. Y para estudiar el ingls, una
cosa fundamental es conocer los conceptos gramaticales bsicos. De lo contrario, muchas de las
explicaciones de cmo funciona el idioma te seran altamente difciles. Te recomiendo que leas estas notas
cuidadosamente, tratando de entender cada aspecto que se presenta.
Lo primero que debes conocer est relacionado con:
1) Las partes del habla, y
2) Las oraciones y sus estructuras.
Las Partes del habla

Se le llama as a las diferentes nociones o categoras gramaticales que se usan cuando hablamos. Las
partes ms importantes, bsicas, son los sustantivos (y sus pronombres personales correspondientes), los
verbos, los adjetivos, los adverbios, las conjunciones, las preposiciones, y los artculos.
Veamos cada parte del habla, por separado.
a) Los sustantivos: Son los nombres de las personas o cosas (por eso hay sustantivos propios y comunes.
Pero eso no es esencial). Usamos sustantivos cuando decimos: Juan, Mara, mesa, ro, perro, caf, agua,
dinero. Los sustantivos pueden ser contables o incontables.
Como su nombre lo indica, los sustantivos contables se pueden contabilizar, por lo que tienen singular y
plural. Podemos decir una mesa, dos mesas. Pero no podemos decir un dinero, dos dineros; lo que
indica que los incontables no tienen plural, aunque hay posibilidades de hacerlo. Pongamos dos ejemplos:
- el sustantivo agua. Podemos decir un vaso de agua, dos vasos de agua. Aunque realmente lo
que estamos pluralizando es el sustantivo vasos. Pero hay ms.
- Volvamos a la palabra dinero. Cmo la puedo pluralizar? Pues es muy fcil: usando las
unidades que forman ese sustantivo. Quin no dice me hacen falta 3 pesos? Y De qu estamos
hablando? Claro, de dinero.
Para cerrar esta parte, aqu va la idea central: los sustantivos son nombres de personas o cosas, y pueden
usarse en singular o plural.
b) Los pronombres: Son las palabras que usamos para sustituir, por una razn u otra, a un sustantivo, por
tanto, hay singular y plural. Y hay varios tipos de pronombres. Pero lo bsico ahora, antes de empezar a
estudiar ingls, es conocer los pronombres personales: yo, tu, el o ella, nosotros, ustedes, ellos/ ellas. De
esta forma, si me voy a referir a Mara, puedo decir ella. Si me voy a referir a un perro, puedo decir
el. Pero eso no es tan as en ingls. La mejor forma de verlo es en una tabla, y saca tus conclusiones!
Nota: las pronunciaciones en parntesis son FIGURADAS. Ya las aprenders bien.
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Singular Singular Plural Plural
Persona Espaol Ingls Espaol Ingls
Primera Yo I (se pronuncia ai) Nosotros We (uii)
Segunda Tu You (se pronuncia iuu) Ustedes You
Tercera El (persona) He (se pronuncia ji) Ellos/ ellas They
Ella(persona) She (se pronuncia chi) (dei)
El ella It (ste ltimo para un animal, una

(animal, cosa, cosa, o una situacin, sin importar
situacin) el sexo. En esto es diferente el
Ingls del espaol)
Una nota importante: tienes que saber que existen tres personas gramaticales: primera, segunda y tercera,
y que hay una de cada tipo para el singular y otra para el plural. Vuelve a revisar la tabla anterior.
c) Los verbos. Aqu hay que detenerse, y estudiar con calma.
Hay varios tipos de verbos. Unos parecen ms fciles de aprender que otros. Algo fundamental es saber
que los verbos se CONJUGAN en dependencia de la persona. (Te das cuenta que hace falta conocer esto
antes de estudiar otro idioma? Seguimos).
El primer tipo de verbo, por donde siempre se empieza a estudiar el ingls, es por el verbo ser o estar
(Be, en ingls). Veamos como lo conjugamos en espaol. Fjate bien cmo cambia la forma del verbo
segn la persona:
- Yo soy cubano. Yo estoy en Cuba.
- Tu eres cubano. Tu ests en Cuba.
- El / ella es cubano(a). El/ ella est en Cuba.
- Nosotros somos cubanos. Nosotros estamos en Cuba.
- Ustedes son cubanos. Ustedes estn en Cuba.
- Ellos/ ellas son cubanos. Ellos/ ellas estn en Cuba.
Pero vas a ver que este verbo (ser o estar) es ms complejo en espaol que en ingls. Hagamos una tabla
resumen del espaol:
Persona Singular Plural
Primera Yo soy / estoy Nosotros somos/ estamos
Segunda Tu eres/ ests Ustedes son/ estn
Tercera El o ella es/ est Ellos o ellas son /estn
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En ingls, slo hay tres formas del verbo ser o estar (recuerda que de forma general se le dice el verbo be:
Am- Is- Are. Vemoslo en una tabla. Y recuerda los pronombres en ingls que vimos arriba:
Persona Singular Plural
Primera I am We are
Segunda You are You are
Tercera He/ she/ it is They are
Hasta aqu, lo que debes saber del verbo ser o estar en el presente. Luego, en clase con el profesor, y
mucho ms adelante, vers el pasado y el futuro.
El segundo tipo de verbo, el ms importante, ms comn, es el llamado verbo de accin. Son miles y miles
en espaol y en ingls. Es por eso que debes prestar mucha atencin a la informacin que sigue.
Los llamados verbos de accin tienen varias clasificaciones, segn su uso y funcin. Y son los que
indican si una accin est en presente, pasado, o futuro.
Lo ms comn es hablar de los verbos de accin como verbos regulares y verbos irregulares. Tal
clasificacin es muy importante en ingls cuando se habla en pasado.
Hay que recordar que los verbos de accin son los que en espaol terminan en ar (como Amar), en er
(temer) , o en ir (partir). Pero veamos cmo conjugamos en espaol un verbo:
Tomemos como ejemplo el verbo Amar, en presente:
Singular Plural
Yo amo Nosotros amamos
Tu amas Ustedes aman
El/ ella ama Ellos/ Ellas aman
Para los hablantes del espaol esto es muy fcil. Lo aprendemos en el contacto directo con nuestros
familiares desde que somos muy pequeos. Claro, perfeccionamos su dominio en la medida que nos
corrigen los adultos. Lo mismo va a pasar en las clases de ingls, donde el profesor ser quien haga las
correcciones.
En ingls, la conjugacin, en presente, es ms fcil que en espaol. Veamos el verbo amar (love):
Singular Plural
I love We love
You love You love
He/ she/ it loves They love
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Aqu slo hay que notar que, en presente, en la tercera persona del singular (he/ she/ it), el verbo adquiere
una letra s. Es el nico cambio. Pero no es tan fcil. No. Esa es la regla general. Otras veces al verbo se
le agrega es (go goes) y en otros casos, si el verbo termina es la letra y, se cambia la y por la i
latina, y luego se agrega es (study- studies).
Pero, de forma general, las conjugaciones de los verbos es ms fcil en ingls que en espaol. Observa
otro verbo, pero conjugado en el pasado:
Singular Plural
Yo tem Nosotros temimos
Tu temiste Ustedes temieron
El/ ella temi Ellos Ellas temieron
En ingls, en el pasado, se dan dos tipos de cambios:
a) los verbos regulares (muy fciles, pero son miles) son aquellos que forman su pasado con la
terminacin ed. Veamos un ejemplo. Noten que el verbo es igual para todas las personas
(primera, segunda y tercera, del singular y el plural):
Singular Plural
I loved We loved
You loved You loved
He/ she / it loved They loved
Muy fcil. El problema, y eso lo aprendern con el profesor, es las tres pronunciaciones de esa ed.
b) Los verbos irregulares (son un poco ms de 200. No todos de uso diario) son aquellos que forman
su pasado realizando cambios, fundamentalmente en su escritura y/ o pronunciacin. Lo fcil es
que son iguales para las tres personas gramaticales (primera, segunda y tercera)
Tomemos el verbo escribir (write):
Singular Plural
I wrote We wrote
You wrote You wrote
He/ she wrote They wrote
Hasta aqu, por ahora, lo que ms necesitas saber para entender los verbos de accin. Cuando
lleguemos a la parte de las oraciones y su estructura, tendremos que ver otras cositas.
El tercer tipo de verbo es el llamado verbo auxiliar. Por qu auxiliar? Bueno, pues porque auxilia
al verbo de accin a completar la idea de lo que queremos expresar.
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Los dos tipos de verbos auxiliares son: el verbo be (que ya viste antes), y los llamados verbos
modales. Vamos por parte:
En Espaol, si decimos Mara est escribiendo, notamos que la oracin tiene dos verbos (est, que
es una forma del verbo ser o estar; y escribiendo que es la forma en que se conjuga el verbo
escribir cuando hablamos de algo que est ocurriendo en estos momentos. Si preguntamos: Qu
est haciendo Mara?, la respuesta es est escribiendo). Bueno, lo mismo pasa en Ingls. Esa
oracin en Ingls es:
Mara is writing,
donde is es la forma auxiliar de Be (ser o estar) , y writing es la forma conjugada del verbo
escribir (write).
Bueno, y qu son los verbos modales?
Tambin existen en espaol e ingls. Slo queremos que sepas que existen. Luego los estudiaras con
el profesor. Pero observa esta tabla para que sepas a qu nos referimos. En este caso, slo vamos a
utilizar la primera persona del singular, con varios ejemplos de verbos modales (son los
subrayados), que dan una nueva idea de lo que quiere expresar el verbo de accin:
Espaol Ingls
Yo puedo aprender Ingls. I can learn English.
Yo debo aprender Ingls. I should learn English.
Yo podra aprender Ingls. I might learn English.
Te recomendamos que vuelvas a leer AHORA todo lo que aqu te hemos explicado sobre los verbos,
ya que son la columna vertebral del idioma. Sera bueno que pudieras explicarle a alguien estas
preguntas: cules son los tres tipos de verbos que existen? En que consiste cada uno de esos tipos?
Si puedes contestar eso, estas listo o lista para seguir con las otras partes del habla.
d) Los adjetivos: son todas aquellas palabras que califican o sealan lo distinto de un sustantivo con
respecto a otro de su mismo tipo o gnero.
Algunos ejemplos de adjetivos en espaol son: bueno, alto, callado, triste, sociable, azul (todos los
colores), gordo, cubano (todos los gentilicios). Pero observa cmo los usamos en espaol:
- El es un hombre alto.
- Ella es una buena mujer.
Qu palabra est siendo calificada por el adjetivo alto? Por supuesto que la respuesta es el
sustantivo hombre.
Qu palabra est siendo calificada por el adjetivo buena? Claro, el sustantivo mujer.
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Pero, notaste la posicin adjetivo- sustantivo? En el primer caso, hombre aparece antes que el
adjetivo alto; en el segundo caso, el adjetivo buena est delante del sustantivo mujer. Es decir,
en espaol el adjetivo puede estar antes o despus del sustantivo, sin cambiar el significado. Pero esto
no es tan as en ingls, donde generalmente, el adjetivo siempre va delante del sustantivo. Esas
oraciones anteriores seran as en ingls (adjetivos subrayados y sustantivos en negritas):
He is a tall man.
She is a good woman.
Sin embargo, no todo es as. Si el sustantivo al que hacemos referencia est implcito en una
conversacin, o hay una referencia anterior, por ejemplo, ambos idiomas funcionan de la misma
forma:
- El est triste
- He is sad
Claro, en la medida en que avances en el estudio del ingls, vers otras estructuras de oraciones que
son diferentes. Recuerda que slo estamos viendo lo imprescindible que necesitas para adentrarte en el
ingls.
Pero hay algo que si debes entender bien: mientras en espaol algunos adjetivos cambian de gnero
(masculino o femenino), en ingls nunca hay cambios. Observa:
- El es un hombre bueno.
- Ella es una mujer buena.
- He / she is a good man/ woman.
Ya cuando conozcas bien los adjetivos y su uso, el profesor te ensear cmo se comparan los adjetivos, y
las formas superlativas de los mismos.
e) Los adverbios: son aquellas palabras que modifican, describen, o califican un verbo, un adjetivo, u
otro adverbio. Es por ello que son muchos, pero no es complejo el dominarlos. Veamos algunos
ejemplos en espaol, con la palabra que modifica:
- Eso es muy importante (muy es el adverbio. importante es un adjetivo)
- Ella camina silenciosamente (silenciosamente es el adverbio; y claro, camina es el verbo)
- Habl tan apasionadamente, que me conmovi (tan y apasionadamente son adverbios. El
primero califica al segundo).
Debes saber que entre los ejemplos de adverbios, los ms comunes son los que indican:
1) Cundo, por qu tiempo, o con qu frecuencia se hace algo: por la maana, siempre, por cinco
das, etc.
2) Cmo se realiza algo: rpidamente, juntos, etc.
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3) Dnde se realiza algo: en la casa, en la cama, etc.
4) Hasta qu punto se realiza algo: completamente, casi, etc.
En dependencia del tipo de adverbio, as ser su posicin en la oracin. No te preocupes: eso lo
aprenders con el profesor. Y la buena noticia es que los adverbios, en un altsimo por ciento,
funcionan igual en espaol y en ingls.
f) Las conjunciones: son palabras que nos permiten unir oraciones, partes de oraciones, o que
permiten introducir clusulas (una clusula es como una oracin, ya que tiene sujeto y predicado, pero
no tiene sentido propio si no est vinculada a una oracin. Ya vers algo de esto ms adelante).
Hay muchas conjunciones. Algunas de las ms comunes son: y, pero, tancomo, aunque, sin
embargo, antes, despus, hasta, mientras, siempre que, etc, etc. Observa estos ejemplos de cmo se
usan en espaol, porque as mismo se usan en ingls:
- Mara es callada y debilucha, pero muy trabajadora.
- Aunque mara es callada y debilucha, es muy trabajadora.
- No me importa que Mara sea callada y debilucha, siempre que sea muy trabajadora.
Observa que las conjunciones ayudan a dar variedad y elegancia a lo que se dice. Fjate que no sonara
igual decir: Mara es callada. Mara es debilucha; pero muy trabajadora. Te das cuenta? Por eso hay que
dominar el uso de las conjunciones.
f) Las preposiciones: son palabras que se usan delante de un sustantivo, una frase sustantiva, o de un
pronombre, para conectarlo o unirlo a otra palabra dentro de la oracin.
Debes saber que las preposiciones son un rea problema en el estudio del ingls. Eso no lo
queremos ocultar. Por eso te pedimos que prestes mucha atencin cada vez que el profesor te explique
un uso. Pero como decimos los cubanos, vamos al grano. Veamos unos ejemplos de preposiciones en
espaol (subrayadas):
1. Ella estudia en la casa en agosto.
2. Se fue para la playa.
3. Estamos sin comida.
4. Eso est escrito por mi.
5. Vino al medioda.
6. La isla de la Juventud es una isla en el Mar Caribe.
Vamos a analizar algunos de estos ejemplos, para que veas como la preposicin crea la conexin
entre una palabra y otra.
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En la oracin no. 1, la preposicin en conecta el verbo estudiar con la frase sustantiva la casa;
mientras que el segundo en est delante del sustantivo agosto (nombre de un mes, por eso es
sustantivo).
En la oracin no. 3, la preposicin sin crea la conexin entre el verbo estamos y el sustantivo
comida.
En la oracin no. 4, por conecta al verbo escrito con el pronombre mi.
En la oracin no. 6, el sustantivo isla est conectado a la frase sustantiva el Mar Caribe por le
preposicin en.
Puedes analizar las preposiciones subrayadas en las oraciones 2 y 5?
g) Los artculos: Son muy fciles, y su uso es constante. Llegaras a dominarlos sin dificultades al
terminar tu curso bsico.
Hay dos tipos de artculos: los indefinidos y los definidos.
Los indefinidos son: un, una: un libro, una mesa. Como puedes ver, no definen algo especfico. Si
usted dice:
- Fui a una casa, no est diciendo lo mismo que si dice
- Fui a la casa.
En ingls hay uno solo: a (se pronuncia como la e espaola), y su variante an (se pronuncia como
en). Por qu es esto? Porque en ingls si el sustantivo al que se refiere empieza con consonante, se
usa a (a doctor), y si es una vocal se usa an (an engineer).Esa es la regla general. Ya vers la
excepcin.
Los definidos son; el, la, los, las: el libro, la mesa, los muchachos, las muchachas. Como puedes ver,
definen de qu se habla.
En ingls se utiliza una sola palabra, the, tanto para el singular como el plural, el masculino y el
femenino; de esta forma decimos the boy (el muchacho), the girl (la muchacha) , the boys (los
muchachos), the girls (las muchachas).
No pienses que ya lo sabes todo sobre los artculos. Hay muchas cosas ms que aprender. Pero
conoces lo suficiente para empezar a estudiar ingls.
Como hicimos al concluir la informacin sobre los verbos, te pedimos nuevamente que revises todo lo
estudiado, antes de adentrarte al mundo de la oracin y su estructura.
La oracin y su estructura.
En esta seccin vamos a abordar estos temas:
a) Qu es una oracin?
b) Cul es la estructura bsica, general, de una oracin?
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c) Cuntos tipos de oraciones existen?
Una oracin es un parlamento, algo que se dice o escribe, pero con un requisito bsico: tiene que tener
sentido completo. Hay oraciones muy cortas y oraciones muy largas, pero no es la longitud lo que define a
una oracin. Es el sentido completo.
En la estructura general, la oracin tiene sujeto y predicado.
El sujeto es uno o varios sustantivos, como por ejemplo: Aurora, o Aurora y Luis, o Teresa y
familia. Es decir, el sujeto puede estar en singular o en plural.
El predicado comienza con el verbo, y puede tener uno o varios elementos ms, en dependencia de lo que
se quiera decir o escribir. Observa estas posibilidades:
- Aurora est en casa.
- Aurora y Luis estn en casa.
- Aurora y Luis estn en casa desde ayer.
- Aurora y Luis estn en casa con su familia desde ayer temprano en la maana.
- Aurora y Luis no estn en su casa con su familia desde ayer por la maana.
- Yo estudio.
- Yo estudio ingls.
- Nosotros estudiamos ingls bsico en la academia por la noche.
Como puedes ver, las posibilidades de oraciones dentro de un idioma son infinitas. Pero una vez que
se conoce la estructura bsica y la posicin que lleva el sustantivo, el verbo, el adjetivo, los adverbios,
etc, es muy fcil construir oraciones.
Veamos un ejemplo en ingls:
Hasta aqu hemos visto la estructura ms comn de una oracin. Luego, en clase, estudiaras las
oraciones negativas, las interrogativas, y otros ejemplos que te van a demostrar lo bien que avanzas en
el aprendizaje del idioma ingls.
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Pero nos queda la tercera interrogante: cules son los tipos de oraciones que existen? Una de las
clasificaciones que existen (y hay varias), pero la ms prctica para nuestro objetivo, divide las
oraciones en tres tipos:
1) La oracin simple o sencilla.
2) La oracin compuesta, y
3) La oracin compleja.
Todos los ejemplos de oraciones que hemos visto hasta aqu son ejemplos de oraciones simples o
sencillas. Slo nos queda reafirmar una idea: una oracin simple puede tener tanto un sujeto
compuesto (plural, como Mara y Luis) o un predicado compuesto (Mara es callada y debilucha).
Entonces pasemos a las compuestas.
Una oracin compuesta no es ms que la unin de dos oraciones simples, pero unidas por una
conjuncin. Si, as de fcil. Mira estos ejemplos:
Mara est en el parque pero Luis se qued en casa.
Teresa y familia fueron a Las Tunas y Mara y Luis se quedaron en Pinar.
Y cules son las complejas?
Las oraciones complejas son las que llevan una clusula. Recuerda que anteriormente dijimos que una
clusula tiene sujeto y predicado, pero no tiene sentido propio. Veamos dos ejemplos:
- Cuando vio el gento, l corri a ver qu pasaba.
Oracin simple
Clusula. Observa que si usted dice solamente cuando vio el gento, su interlocutor le preguntar
Qu pas? Sencillamente porque esa clusula, por si sola, no tiene sentido.
- Esa familia que vive frente a nuestra casa es de Matanzas.
Clusula: note que si usted dice esto solamente, su idea no tendr sentido. Pero, en
cambio, si usted dice Esa familia es de matanzas la persona con la que usted est hablando mirar,
por ejemplo, para ver a quien usted se est refiriendo, porque lo que ha dicho en la oracin simple si
tiene sentido.
Hasta aqu esta breve introduccin a la gramtica. Quedan muchas cosas por estudiar y aprender. Si
has visto los libros de gramtica, sabes que generalmente son libros gordos. Ese no es el objetivo de
este material didctico. Tu profesor te ir enseando todo lo que necesitas en el transcurso de las
clases.
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Appendix 3. Some differences between British and American English
A) Spelling
British American
Anaemia Anemia
Anaesthetic Anesthetic
Gynaecology Gynecology
Haemorrhage Hemorrhage
Behaviour Behavior
Colour Color
Favour Favor
Favourite Favorite
Honour Honor
Neighbour Neighbor
Faeces Feces
Foetus Fetus
Centre Center
Theatre Theater
Programme Program
Analyse Analyze
Paralyse Paralyze
Speciality Specialty
B) Grammar
British American
Have a bath/ shower Take a bath/ shower
To/ in hospital To/ in the hospital
At the weekend/ at weekends On the weekend/ on weekends
In a street On a street
Write to somebody Write (to) somebody (with or without
to
Get / got / got Get / got / gotten
Forget / forgot / forgot Forget / forgot / forgotten
Travel -- travelling Travel-- traveling
Cancel-- cancelling Cancel-- canceling
C) Other words
D)
British American
Can (container) Tin
Dustbin Garbage can/ trash can
Lorry Truck
Rubbish Garbage / Trash
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Appendix 4. Human Age
Fetus: A human being before birth.

Baby: A young child who has not yet begun to walk or talk.
Infant: From the first day of life to about 5 years.
Toddler: From about 2 to 5 years of age.
Child (boy or girl): In a general sense, from the time of birth until he/ she is an adult; but specially, from
the age of 5 to about 12 years old.
Adolescent / teenager / youngster: from 13 to 18- 19 years of age.
Adult: / grown-up (man or woman): From 19- 20 years until about 65.
Elderly: after the age of 65.
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Progress test I
I) Read this paragraph and do the two exercises below.

Dianas family
The members of my family are very different. My mothers name is Jane. She is 64 years old and always
complains of constipation. My fathers name is John. He is tall and has black hair, even when he is 70
years old. I have a sister, Edith, who is 42 and has fair hair and blue eyes. But she suffers from vertigo.
And my brother, Sylvester, is 36 years old and is very healthy. He is married. His wife is Whitney. She is
a singer at a local club. They have a pretty daughter, Meryl. She goes to primary school and is very
intelligent.
A) Answer these questions about the text.
1) What is the mothers medical problem?
2) Does John have fair hair?
3) Is Edith healthy?
4) Is Sylvester single?
5) Where does Meryl go?
B) Draw Dianas family tree.
II) Choose the correct pronoun in each parenthesis.

1) Martin is very intelligent. ( He- His) teachers are satisfied with him.
2) I am a student. (My- your) name is Leonard.
3) I have a car. (It- Its) color is blue.
4) Whats the matter? Is ( she- your) teacher angry?
5) Mary and peter are my neighbors. (They- Their) house is very big.
III) Complete the sentences with the words from the list.
LIST: headache- appointment- telephone- sick- nursing- married
a) Nancy cant go to the party because she is ________________
b) Congratulations! You ___________ Lourdes!
c) I have a terrible __________________________
d) I have an ____________________ with Dr. Lewis.
e) He is a ____________________ student.
f) I want to use your ____________________
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IV) Write two ( 2) sentences about the activities in the city this weekend.
Activity Place day Time
Music festival Park Saturday 9pm
Baseball Games Stadium Saturday and 8pm
Sunday
V) Mrs. Walker does many things every day. Use the cues below to write a paragraph about her.
Always/ get up / 5am
Sometimes / have breakfast
Usually / go work / 7:30
Often / come back home / 5pm
Never / read / in the evening.
VI) Describe this picture.
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Progress test II
I) Read the text below and answer the questions about it.
The last film I saw was Revenge at the beach. It narrates the story of eight tourists. They were spending
the weekend in a small hotel on an island when a terrible storm hit the island. As a result of the strong
storm, there was a power failure.
Early during the night, some tourists heard a woman screaming. It was Mrs. Lenoir. They ran to her room
and found the dead body of her husband. Someone killed him with a small knife. They new there was a
dangerous person on the island.
The manager recommended that everyone should go to their rooms and close the door. But at midnight,
there was another murder. This time it was Ms. Haythe, who was smoking in the lounge. She was killed
with a small knife, too. It was the manager who found her body. He immediately called the six tourists and
the hotel staff, and began asking questions. All proofs pointed to Mrs. Lenoir. She finally confessed to the
murders. She killed her husband and Ms. Haythe because she knew he was not loyal. He was in love with
Ms. Haythe.
1) What were the tourists doing when the storm hit the island?
2) What happened after the storm?
3) Why did Mrs. Lenoir scream?
4) What was Ms. Haythe doing when the murderer killed her?
5) Where did the manager do after he found her body?
6) Why did Mrs. Lenoir kill her husband and Ms. Haythe?
II) Complete the following conversations using the instructions given in brackets.
1) A: Im not good at Morphology.
B ( Give advice):_____________________________________________
2) A: It is very hot in here. (Make a polite request)_____________________?

B: Of course. No problem.
3) A: I feel tired these days.

B( Express logical necessity):_____________________________________
4) A: Oh! I need to call my sister. (Ask for permission)____________________?

B: Yes, the telephone is in the living- room.
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5) A: Please, come back early.
B (Make a promise):____________________
III) Write a description of a good friend you have. Include what you like or dont like about him/
her.
119
Exit Test
I) Read the text below and answer the questions about it.
Human values must be present in every human interaction. Nobody, however, appreciates values more
than when they have a medical problem.
Think of these hypothetical cases. Someone arrives at an emergency room with shortness of breath. The
doctor immediately prescribes an aerosol but the nurse says Wait a minute, while she is speaking to a
friend on the phone. That minute is an eternity for the patient. Or you have an incredible headache and
need a pain killer injection but the nurse is not in her place of work. Your headache gets worse. Are the
nurses in the cases above examples of responsibility and love to their profession? Absolutely not.
Human values in the medical sciences professions are more significant than in any other professions,
because we notice them more when we are sick, when we need compassion.
The example of dedication and care for the sick given by Florence Nightingale has inspired Cuban
Nursing for years. Florence is a paradigm of human values.
1) When are human values most appreciated?
2) What was the nurse in the first hypothetical case doing incorrectly?
3) Why couldnt the patient of the second case get the injection immediately?
4) Which two of the human values didnt the nurses of the examples show?
5) Why is Florence Nightingale a paradigm for Cuban Nursing?
II) Find in the text above:

a) A sentence expressing necessity.
b) A symptom.
c) A sentence in present continuous.
d) An adverb.
e) An adjective.
f) A sentence making a comparison.
g) A sentence in present perfect.
III) Translate these sentences.

1) The doctor immediately prescribes an aerosol.
2) That minute is an eternity for that patient.
3) You have an incredible headache
4) You need compassion.
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5) Florence is a paradigm of human values.
IV) Look at these two pictures. Write two paragraphs comparing them.
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VISION ONE

Jos Surez Lezcano

Colectivo de autores, 2010

Editorial Ciencias Mdicas

Plan of the book

Unit Functions Grammar Reading Writing Listening

How the book is organized

- Spelling names and other words (I am Gabby: G-a-b-b-y).

I) Numbers and Letters

A) Underline the numbers the teacher dictates.

Practice 2: O (oh or zero)

1) 104 401 140

B) Dictation: Telephone numbers.

Complete with the numbers the teacher dictates.

1) 82- 814_____ 2) 45- 263_____ 3) 35- 42 _______

Practice 3: Numbers from 10 to 19

1) 1115 1215 1715

Practice 4: Numbers from 21 to 29

A) Underline the numbers the teacher dictates.

B) Underline the words the teacher spells.

A) Underline the words the teacher spells.

A) Underline the words the teacher spells.

Practice 8: Numbers from 20- 90

Practice 9: Numbers from 25 to 95

Practice 10: Dictation

1 110 108 106

Practice 13: Numbers from 110 to 1000

Practice 14: Read these laboratory results to your partner

Practice 15: On the telephone.

Phone number to dial Actual phone number

Exercise 1. Substitution drill.

Exercise 2. Pair Work.

Exercise 3. Individual Work.

Is Cuba in Europe or the Caribbean?

Exercise 5. Pair Work. Ask these questions to your partner.

Exercise 10. Role Play.

Exercise 11 . Translate these sentences into Spanish.

- Introducing yourself (I am/ My name is)

II) Grammar Focus: Introducing Yourself.

Whats your name?

Exercise 2. Now ask people in your class:

III) Grammar Focus: Saying What You Want to Do.

- I want to make an appointment

Exercise 3. What do you say if you want to:

Exercise 5. Match the information in the box to make similar sentences.

V) Grammar Focus: Expressing Possibility/ Ability.

Can you come to the office at 2 oclock?

Exercise 9. Pair Work.

Freeman Type Kaplan Cook Dennis - Swim

VI) Grammar Focus: Expressing possession and family relationships (1).

Now answer these questions. Follow the example.

Exercise 12. What does this family have in common?

Examples: I am Cuban. My name is Juana Fernndez

Exercise 13. Choose the correct possessive adjective.

A: What are __________ names?

A: Cute dog! What is ________ name?

VIII) Grammar Focus: Asking and Telling the Time.

- Pardon? What time? At 2 oclock

Now, have with your partner conversations like this:

Mrs. Gable Diabetes 8:30

Exercise 19 . Translate these sentences into Spanish.

a) My name is Juana Fernndez.

- Describing existence ( There is a concert in the theater)

It is Monday afternoon, January 14

1) 82- 814___ 2) 45- 263_ 3) 35- 42 _____

A: When _ you ___ the homework? (finish)

A: Where _ you _ as a child? (live)

A: you ______ that book from the library? (get)

A: you _____ to tell me the truth?

A: When you _____ to see the new film?

A: Where you __ to live next year?

A: _ you ___? (read)