LECTURE

Test of Understanding: 2. Which of the following is a form of sexual

reproduction?
1. How does a population outlive its members? A.) fragmentation
2. How do sea slugs copulate? B) budding
3. Can a Hydra reproduce sexually? C) hermaphroditism
4. How do you explain the twofold cost of sexual D) parthenogenesis
reproduction? E) fission
5. What are the reproductive adaptations of higher
animals that evolved to ensure the survival of 3. The "reproductive handicap" for sexual
offspring? reproduction refers to ___
TRUE OR FALSE. Write True if the statement is true in A the need for maturation prior to reproduction
B the difficulty of finding mates
all cases. Otherwise, write False.
C the need to provide energy for the offspring
1. Animals pair up for reproduction D have only half the offspring are females
2. Sea slugs can impregnate and be impregnated at E dependence on hormonal cycles
the same time
3. Most animals reproduce asexually 4. One of the evolutionary "enigmas," or unsolved
4. The sea anemone reproduces via transverse fission puzzles, of sexual reproduction is that
5. Budding is an asexual reproduction that are found
in invertebrates and vertebrates A. sexual reproduction allows for more rapid
6. Obelia has an alternation of generations population growth than does asexual reproduction.
7. Animals undergo sexual reproduction in B. asexual reproduction is better suited to
favourable conditions, and when the environment environments with extremely varying conditions.
is not suitable, they undergo asexual reproduction C. sexual reproduction is completed more rapidly
8. Fragmentation must always be accompanied by than asexual reproduction.
regeneration D. sexual reproduction is maintained even in
9. Ants and komodo dragons can undergo animal species that can also reproduce asexually.
parthenogenesis E. asexual reproduction produces offspring of
10. Amictic females produce diploid eggs that do not greater genetic variety.
need to be fertilized, while mictic females produce
haploid eggs.
11. All the eggs produced by an amictic female will be 5. Animals utilizing external fertilization are typically
females _____.
12. Asexual reproduction enhances the reproductive A land animals
success of parents when environmental factors B insects
change relatively rapidly C aquatic animals
13. Ovulation is the release of mature eggs at the end D animals that reproduce asexually
of the female cycle E mammals
14. Reproductive cycles are controlled by hormones
and environmental cues IDENTIFICATION
15. Crepidula fornicata exhibit male to female sex
reversals 1. Sexual eggs of Daphnia
2. Organ for sperm storage in female fruit flies
3. Dormant archaeocytes in the gemmule
MULTIPLE CHOICE 4. Type of copulation in Aspidoscelis
5. The structural part of the Hydra which is involved
1. Which of the following are possible advantages of in the redirection of cell alignment during
asexual reproduction? regeneration after fragmentation
A) It allows the species to endure periods of
fluctuating or unstable environmental conditions.
B) It enhances genetic variability in the species.
C) It enables the species to colonize new regions
rapidly.
D) Both A and B are true.
E) A, B, and C are true.