Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
4
ALCOHOLISM: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH April 2000
that in men, a daily intake of at least 40 to 60 g of alcohol alcohol dehydrogenase activity and ethanol first-pass metabolism. Al-
is required to produce a statistically significant increase in cohol Clin Exp Res 20:1569 1576.
the incidence of alcoholic cirrhosis; in women, 20 g suffice. Frezza, M, Di Padova C, Pozzato G, Terpin M, Baraona E, Lieber CS
(1990) High blood alcohol levels in women: The role of decreased
Of course, women and men differ in many ways, including gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. N Engl
size and distribution space for alcohol, with water space J Med 322:9599.
being smaller in women. But these differences are not Haber PS, Gentry T, Mak KM, Mirmiran-Yazdy AA, Greenstein RJ,
sufficient to fully explain the gender effect that results, at Lieber CS (1996) Metabolism of alcohol by human gastric cells: Rela-
least in part, from the difference in gastric ADH activity. tion to first-pass metabolism. Gastroenterology 111:863 870.
In summary, the stomach has an ADH isozyme (sigma- Hernandez-Munoz R, Caballeria J, Baraona E, Uppal R, Greenstein R,
ADH) not present in the liver that has been well charac- Lieber CS (1990) Human gastric alcohol dehydrogenase: Its inhibition
by H2-receptor antagonists, and its effect on the bioavailability of
terized and its gene cloned. It is absent or decreased in
ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 14:946 950.
Asians and is associated with a lower metabolism of alco-
Mirmiran-Yazdy SA, Haber PS, Korsten MA, Mak KM, Gentry RT, Batra
hol. In addition, women younger than 50 years of age have SC, Lieber CS (1995) Metabolism of ethanol in rat gastric cells and its
a smaller first-pass metabolism of ethanol than men. This is inhibition by cimetidine. Gastroenterology 108:737742.
possibly because of a lesser Class III ADH activity, which Pequignot G, Tuyns AJ, Berta JL (1978) Ascitic cirrhosis in relation to
may contribute to the greater vulnerability of women to the alcohol consumption. Internat J Epidemiol (London) 7:113120.
effects of ethanol, especially after chronic alcohol abuse Satre MA, Zgombic-Knight M, Duester G (1994) The complete structure
which decreases gastric ADH activity and the first-pass of human class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (retinol dehydrogenase) de-
metabolism of ethanol, thereby increasing blood levels even termined from ADH7 gene. J Biol Chem 269:15606 15612.
further. Seitz HK, Egerer G, Simanowski UA, Waldherr R, Eckey R, Agarwal DP,
Goedde HW, von Wartburg JP (1993) Human gastric alcohol dehydro-
genase activity: Effect of age, gender and alcoholism. Gut 34:14331437.
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