Chapter 8

Microcomputers

1. Identify and describe the functional blocks of a

microcomputer.

2. Select the type of memory needed for a given

application.

ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
SE OND EDITION
 3. Understand how microcomputers or
microcontrollers can be applied in your field of
specialization.
4. Identify the internal registers and their functions
for the 68HC11 microcomputer.
5. List some of the instructions and addressing
modes of the 68HC11.
6. Write simple programs using the 68HC11
instruction set.
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
SE OND EDITION
 An embedded computer is part of a product, such
as an automobile, printer, or bread machine, that is
not called a computer.

A microcomputer or microcontroller is a complete

computer containing the CPU, memory, and I/O on
a single silicon chip.

ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
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 This computer, in which the instructions and data are
stored in the same memory, has von Neumann
architecture (also known as Princeton architecture).

ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
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Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
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 MEMORY TYPES

(1) Read-and-write memory (RAM)

(2) Read-only memory (ROM)

(3) Mass storage

ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
SE OND EDITION
 Selection of Memory

1. The trade-off between speed and cost

2. Whether the information is to be stored

permanently or must be changed frequently

3. Whether data are to be accessed in random order

or in sequence
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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 Stacks and the Stack Pointer
Register

Stacks are last-in first-out memories. Information

is added to (pushed onto) the top of the stack and
eventually read out (pulled off) in the reverse
order that it was written.

ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
SE OND EDITION
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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 ASSEMBLY-LANGUAGE
PROGRAMMING
In general, Motorola assembly language statements
take the form:
LABEL INSTRUCTION/DIRECTIVE OPERAND COMMENT

Directives are used to give commands to the

assembler.
ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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 Example 8.3 Machine Code for Example 8.2

ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
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ELECTRICAL
ENGINEERING
Principles and
Applications Chapter 8
Microcomputers
SE OND EDITION