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Trigonometry Solutions
2 sin x
1. A. tan 2x B. cot 2x C. tan x D. cot x E. secx
cos x sin x tan x
[2009F, A]
Sol: 2 sin x 2 sin x 2 sin x cos x sin 2x
tan 2x
cos x sin x tan x cos x sin x sin x / cos x cos2 x sin 2 x cos 2x
2. If sin cos 0.2 and sin 2 0.96 , find sin 3 cos3 . [2009S, 0.296]
Sol: sin 3 cos3 (sin cos )(sin 2 sin cos cos2 )
1
(sin cos )(1 sin cos ) (0.2)(1 sin 2 )
(0.2)(1 0.96 / 2) 0.296
2
tan A2 B
3. In ABC , AB 5 , BC 9 , AC 7 . Find the value of A B
. [2008F, 18 ]
tan 2
A B A B A B 1
tan 2 cos 2 sin 2 2 (sin A sin B) sin A sin B a b 9 7 1
Sol: .
tan A2 B sin A2 B cos A2B 12 (sin A sin B) sin A sin B a b 9 7 8
The second equality appeals to the product-to-sum formulas
sin u cosv 12 [sin(u v) sin(u v], and cosu sin v 12 [sin(u v) sin(u v)] . The
fourth equality is based on the Law of Sines, sina A sinb B sincC , which, simply put,
says that the proportion sin A : sin B : sin C is the same as a : b : c .
4. In ABC , AB AC and in DEF , DE DF . If AB is twice DE and D is
twice A , then the ratio of the area of ABC to the area of DEF is:
A. tan A B. 2 sec A C. csc2 A D. sec Atan A E. cot 2 A [2008F, B]
Sol: The area of DEF is 12 (DE) 2 sin D 12 ( 12 AB) 2 sin(2 A) 18 ( AB) 2 2 sin A cos A
cos A[ 12 ( AB) 2 sin A] , which is 12 cos A times the area of ABC . Thus the area of
1
2
ABC is 1/( 12 cos A) 2 sec A times the area of DEF .
5. In hexagon PQRSTU, all interior angles 120 . If PQ RS TU 50, and
QR ST UP 100, find the area of the triangle bounded by QT , RU ,
and PS to the nearest tenth. [2008F, 1082.5] C
Sol: The accompanying picture illustrates the situation at hand. All angles
are either 60 or 120 . RU CR CQ QR 50 100 150 . But Q P
X
RY RS 50 , and likewise ZU 50 , so YZ 50 . The area of the
equilateral triangle XYZ is thus R
1 2 1 2 3
U
2 (50) sin(60 ) 2 (50) 2 625 3 1082 .5 .
6. In ABC , AB AC 25 , BC 14 . The perpendicular
distances from a point P in the interior of ABC to each of A S T B
the three sides are equal. Find this distance. [2008S, 21
4 ] Y Z
Sol: P is the center of the inscribed circle of ABC and we want its radius
r . The area of ABC is the sum of the areas of ABP, BCP , CAP , i.e.
1
2 AB r
1
2 BC r
1
2 CA r
1
2 (25 25 14)r 32r . On the other hand, Herons
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Laney College -- For AMATYC SML Math Competition Coaching Sessions
v. 1.0, [2/7/2010]
1 1
Formula s(s a)(s b)(s c) , with s 2 (a b c) 2 (25 25 14) 32 , gives
32(32 25)(32 25)(32 14) 168 . So 32r 168, r 21
the area as 4 .
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Laney College -- For AMATYC SML Math Competition Coaching Sessions
v. 1.0, [2/7/2010]
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Laney College -- For AMATYC SML Math Competition Coaching Sessions
v. 1.0, [2/7/2010]
1 z2
20. If 0 t / 2 , 0 z 1, and cost , how many of the following are true?
1 z2
1 cost 2z 2z t
z ; sin t 2
; tan t 2
; z tan [2005F, 4]
1 cost 1 z 1 z 2
Sol: This has to do with a well-known change of variable in calculus, attributed to
Karl Weierstrass. One way to manage the situation is to draw a right triangle with
one angle being t , the opposite side being 1 z 2 , and the hypotenuse being 1 z 2 .
The adjacent side can be computed using the Pythagorean Theorem:
(1 z 2 ) 2 (1 z 2 ) 2 4z 2 2z , then the second and the third formula follow.
1 z2
The first comes from solving cost 2
for z 2 and then taking square root. The
1 z
fourth comes from the first by a half-angle formula for tan.
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